Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Is manganese the key? Lowering the dolomite kinetic barrier via redox-driven templating
Published: 2026-01-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Fabric-preserving and strata-bound dolostones in deep-time successions defy high temperature burial models, implying an elusive low-temperature, syndepositional formation pathway. Here, we demonstrate a kinetically facile route to disordered dolomite nucleation driven by the synergy of manganese redox cycling and carboxyl functionalization. Using a bio-inspired electrochemical reactor, we show [...]
Filling the gaps between tide gauges: Demonstrating high-resolution seasonal high tide flooding predictions using NOAA’s Coastal Ocean Reanalysis
Published: 2026-01-17
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High Tide Flooding (HTF) is a present and increasing hazard for coastal communities across the United States. NOAA provides HTF outlooks at U.S. tide gauges, however, many coastal communities lie relatively far from a tide gauge and therefore currently lack localized HTF guidance. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to generate spatially-continuous daily predictions of HTF at 400-500 m [...]
Specifying wind gusts based on wind speed increments and forecasting gustiness
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wind gust forecasting is crucial for mitigating damage to people and property. We define gusts as rapid wind speed changes exceeding application-specific thresholds, and propose forecasting gustiness, that is the number of gusts per time unit. For the forecasting, we employ a correlation between gustiness and variance of wind speed increments, quantified in an analysis of measured offshore data. [...]
Multiresolution-based grid adaptation for the compression of ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data in MPTRAC v2.7
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The continuous increase in computational power comes with a corresponding demand for storage space. However, the ability to store data has hardly increased in recent years. This makes the demand for efficient storage solutions even more pressing, especially for meteorological reanalysis data. The current European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data already poses [...]
Explaining monthly precipitation anomalies in northwestern South America by integrating vertical dynamics and energetics
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Northwestern South America (NWSA), a region critically important for monitoring coastal El Niño and La Niña events, receives its maximum cumulative precipitation in February-March. Thermodynamic indices alone, often fail to explain observed precipitation anomalies because they neglect the influence of large-scale environmental dynamics. To bridge this gap, a low-frequency climate index called [...]
Two Wind Farms, Two Islands: Physics Informed Causal Wind Analysis in New Zealand
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Power and Energy
Wind power forecasting models often rely on correlation-based methods, which can misinterpret the relationship between meteorological variables and power generation. A key example is air density: while physics suggests denser air should increase available wind power, observational data can show a negative correlation because high-pressure regimes (high density) often coincide with lower wind [...]
Can Artificial Reoxygenation Revitalize Dying Coastal Seas?
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Eutrophication and global warming are key drivers of oxygen loss, also termed deoxygenation, in coastal ecosystems worldwide. Artificial reoxygenation has been put forward as a local or regional solution to increase oxygen concentrations and improve water quality. Three main approaches have been proposed: (1) bubbling with air with the aim to destratify and mix the water column (2) injection of [...]
Assessment of the GraphCast AI model for precipitation forecasting and its potential in extreme event prediction over Bangladesh
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Bangladesh situated in the tropical monsoon region is one of the most rainfall-sensitive countries in the world with terrain ranging from northwest floodplains to southern coastal deltas to eastern hilly regions. This complex landscape coupled with intensified climate variability influences local convection and extreme precipitation events, making short range forecasting particularly difficult. [...]
Present and future coastal flooding hazard for Long Island, NY and Long Island Sound (NY/CT), USA.
Published: 2025-12-02
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Coastal flooding and the associated damages due to storms are increasing with sea level rise around the world, with regional variability in the severity of impacts., Researchers and resource managers need to better understand and predict the future shifts in coastal flooding due to these processes to plan for resilient and sustainable communities. Here we present an analysis of long-term [...]
Governing the cryosphere beyond political timeframes
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Glaciology, Nature and Society Relations, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Sustainability
Cryospheric systems are nearing irreversible thresholds, yet political processes remain misaligned with the long timescales of ice loss. Using COP30 as context, we argue that cryosphere science must inform governance capable of linking near-term decisions with long-term stability in a rapidly changing world.
Extratropical forcing of low-latitude subsurface oxygenation under future warming
Published: 2025-11-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The global ocean is losing oxygen under climate warming, yet most climate models project rising oxygen levels in low-latitude subsurface waters (~100–500 m), partly due to their enhanced ventilation. However, underlying drivers for the enhanced ventilation remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the enhanced tropical subsurface ventilation is driven by extratropical forcing. While extratropical [...]
Flood Radar: Multi-Sensor SAR-Based Flood Mapping and Evacuation Modeling — A Case Study of the July 2025 Texas Flood
Published: 2025-11-08
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Planetary Sciences
Floods remain among the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, causing an average of USD 40 billion in annual damage and affecting more than 2.5 billion people between 1994 and 2014. The Central Texas flood of July 2025 was one of the most catastrophic in recent decades, triggered by the remnants of Tropical Storm Barry that delivered over 508 mm of rain within two days. This study presents [...]
Emerging Remote Sensing Tools for Comprehensive Cryosphere Assessment
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This review synthesizes current remote sensing (RS) applications for monitoring Earth's cryosphere, encompassing ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and mountain ice features. It examines how satellite-based technologies, including radar interferometry, laser altimetry, passive microwave sensors, and optical imagery, have revolutionized cryospheric science by enabling [...]
Climate factors related to the dengue incidence in Costa Rica and future projections under scenario SSP5-8.5.
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
This article has three objectives: 1) modeling the climate-dengue relationship at the smallest administrative division (districts) using high-resolution data; 2) use of an objective algorithm for the selection of predictors that results in parsimonious models, cross-validated to prevent overfitting; and 3) using estimates from CMIP6 climate models to provide mid-century (2035-2065) potential [...]
Nondimensional parameter regimes of Arctic ice keel-ocean flow interactions
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Sea ice keels modulate upper-ocean momentum and mixing through internal wave (IW) generation, yet their effects are difficult to represent in climate models because their spatio-temporal scales are smaller than those of climate models and difficult to study in idealized simulations because geometry, forcing, and stratification span a large parameter space. We construct a compact description of [...]