{"pk":14778,"title":"Association of Suicide Attempt with Stimulant Abuse in California Emergency Departments in 2011:  A Study of 10 Million ED Visits","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Our goal in this study was to identify stimulant abuser patients who are at specifically  high risk of suicide attempt (SAT), in order to prioritize them in preventive and risk mitigation programs.\nMethods:\n We used the California State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) to obtain discharge  information for 2011. The SEDD contains discharge information on all outpatient ED encounters,  including uninsured patients and those covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. We  identified SAT and stimulant abuse by using the relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth  Revision, codes.\nResults:\n The study included 10,124,598 outpatient ED visits. Stimulant abuse was observed in 0.97% of  ED visits. Stimulant abuse was more common among young and middle-aged males and people with low  median household income. Moreover, it was more common among Native American (1.8%) and Black  (1.8%), followed by non-Hispanic White (1.1%) patients. The prevalence of SAT was 2.0% (N = 2000)  for ED visits by patients with a history of stimulant abuse, and 0.3% (N = 28,606) for ED visits without a  history of stimulant abuse (odds ratio 7.29, 95% confidence interval, 6.97-7.64). The SATs were directly  associated with stimulant abuse, younger age (age groups >10), and non-Hispanic White and Native  American race. Association of SAT with stimulant abuse was stronger in female patients.\nConclusion:\n Stimulant abuse was the only modifiable risk factor for suicide attempt in our study.  Reaching out to populations with higher prevalence of stimulant abuse (young and middle-aged  individuals who are Native American or Black, with lower household income) to control the stimulant  abuse problem, may reduce the risk of SAT. In this regard, people who are at higher risk of SAT due  to non-modifiable risk factors (younger age, and Native American or White race) should be prioritized.  Moreover, controlling stimulant abuse among women may be specifically effective in SAT prevention.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"stimulant abuse"},{"word":"suicide attempt"},{"word":"Amphetamines"},{"word":"public health intervention"}],"section":"Behavioral Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5h78f3bb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California\nEisenhower Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rancho Mirage, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nikhil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shah","name_suffix":"","institution":"Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine School of Biological Sciences, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Soheil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saadat","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bruckner","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine Program in Public Health, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Parvati","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singh","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bharath","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chakravarthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2020-12-02T12:01:05-08:00","date_accepted":"2020-12-02T12:01:05-08:00","date_published":"2022-02-23T19:51:44-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/14778/galley/7516/download/"}]}