Background: Patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with severe hypertension defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥180 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic (DBP) ≥120 (mm Hg) without evidence of acute end-organ damage are often deemed high risk and treated acutely in the ED. However, there is a dearth of evidence from large studies with long-term follow-up for the assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We conducted the largest study to date of patients presenting with severe hypertension to identify predictors of MACE and examine whether blood pressure at discharge is associated with heightened risk.
\nMethods: We enrolled ED patients with a SBP of 180–220 mm Hg but without signs of end-organ damage and followed them for one year. The primary outcome was MACE within one year of discharge. Secondarily, we performed a propensity-matched analysis to test whether SBP ≤160 mm Hg at discharge was associated with reduced MACE at 30 days.
\nResults: A total of 12,044 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of MACE within one year was 1,865 (15.5%). Older age, male gender, history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, presentation with chest pain, altered mental status, dyspnea, treatment with intravenous and oral hydralazine, and oral metoprolol were independent predictors for one-year MACE. Additionally, discharge with an SBP ≤160 mm Hg was not associated with 30-day MACE-free survival after propensity matching (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.78–1.25, P = 0.92).
\nConclusion: One-year MACE was relatively common in our cohort of ED patients with severe hypertension without acute end-organ damage. However, discharge blood pressure was not associated with 30-day or one-year MACE, suggesting that BP reduction in and of itself is not beneficial in such patients.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"hypertension"},{"word":"severe hypertension"},{"word":"hypertension urgency"},{"word":"antihypertensives."}],"section":"Clinical Practice","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k17m3z1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Farhan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chaudhry","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Family Medicine and Population Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Eliana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Small","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health and Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Korzeniewski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Family Medicine and Population Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Dana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Benyas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Lydia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ross","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":""},{"first_name":"Alex","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Hill","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Family Medicine and Population Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Amit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vahia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Candace","middle_name":"","last_name":"McNaughton","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State university, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Phillip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health and Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2023-05-14T18:18:05Z","date_accepted":"2024-03-29T18:32:33.430000Z","date_published":"2024-07-17T13:00:00Z","render_galley":{"label":"Final Article","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/18126/galley/22109/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"Layout","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/18126/galley/14424/download/"},{"label":"Final Article","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/18126/galley/22109/download/"}]}