{"pk":19900,"title":"The Integration of the White into the Community of Color, or How the Europeans Became Brazilian in the Twentieth Century","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Studies of immigrant integration in Europe and North America generally assume that immigrants are less white and considered less “modern” than the nationals of the countries where they arrive. In this essay, my purpose is to examine what happens when we apply the idea of “immigrant integration” to European immigrants who arrived in Brazil at the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. These immigrants and their descendants have faced a contradiction between integrating into a national “imagined community,” constructed as “mixed-race,” and participating in local, national and global projects of (white) “modernity.” The paper explores how this contradiction was historically constructed in Brazil, how some Brazilians of European descent resolved it, and how we can think of the relationship between race, modernity, nationhood and immigrant integration from a more global perspective.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Latin America, Brazil, Immigrant Integration, Whitening, National Identity,  Whiteness"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1071t043","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Luisa","middle_name":"Farah","last_name":"Schwartzman","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2018-10-01T15:19:50Z","date_accepted":"2018-10-01T15:19:50Z","date_published":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transmodernity/article/19900/galley/9871/download/"}]}