{"pk":24166,"title":"Numeral Modification and Framing Effects: exactly and at most vs up to","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigated modulation of risky-choice framing (RCF) and attribute framing (AF) effects by numeral modi-fication. In Experiment 1, in which the numerals were mod-ified with (the German equivalent of) exactly to enforce a precise reading, there were significant RCF and AF effects. Experiment 2 and 3 addressed the effects of (the German equivalents of) at most and up to. Both modifiers set an upper bound. Yet, they exhibit a sharp contrast in evalua-tive contexts. In Experiment 2, there was a significant inter-action of modifier and frame for RCF, with a reversed framing effect for at most and a standard framing effect for up to. The modifier-by-frame interaction effect was repli-cated in Experiment 3 for AF. To explain framing effects with bare and modified numerals, we propose a semantic-pragmatic account in terms of salience and valence.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Decision making; Pragmatics; Semantics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bs750zn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Berry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Claus","name_suffix":"","institution":"Leibniz University Hannover","department":""},{"first_name":"Marie Christin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Walch","name_suffix":"","institution":"Leibniz Universität Hannover","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24166/galley/13762/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24166/galley/21421/download/"}]}