{"pk":25473,"title":"Savvy software agents can encourage the use of\nsecond-order theory of mind by negotiators","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In social settings, people often reason about unobservable\nmental content of other people, such as their beliefs, goals,\nor intentions. This ability helps them to understand and predict\nthe behavior of others. People can even take this ability\nfurther, and use higher-order theory of mind to reason\nabout the way others use theory of mind, for example in\n’Alice believes that Bob does not know about the surprise’.\nHowever, empirical evidence suggests that people do not\nspontaneously use higher-order theory of mind in strategic\ngames. In this paper, we let participants negotiate with computational\ntheory of mind agents in the setting of Colored\nTrails. We find that even though participants are unaware of\nthe level of sophistication of their trading partner, within a\nfew rounds of play, participants offers are more indicative\nof second-order theory of mind reasoning when their trading\npartner was using second-order theory of mind as well.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"theory of mind; social cognition; negotiation;\nstrategic games"}],"section":"Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx2w4ks","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Harmen","middle_name":"","last_name":"de Weerd","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen","department":""},{"first_name":"Eveline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Broers","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen","department":""},{"first_name":"Rineke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verbrugge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/25473/galley/15097/download/"}]}