{"pk":27950,"title":"Grounding Compositional Hypothesis Generation in Specific Instances","subtitle":null,"abstract":"number of recent computational models treat concept learn-ing as a form of probabilistic rule induction in a space oflanguage-like, compositional concepts. Inference in such mod-els frequently requires repeatedly sampling from a (infinite)distribution over possible concept rules and comparing theirrelative likelihood in light of current data or evidence. How-ever, we argue that most existing algorithms for top-down sam-pling are inefficient and cognitively implausible accounts ofhuman hypothesis generation. As a result, we propose analternative, Instance Driven Generator (IDG), that constructsbottom-up hypotheses directly out of encountered positive in-stances of a concept. Using a novel rule induction task basedon the children’s game Zendo, we compare these “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches to inference. We find thatthe bottom-up IDG model accounts better for human infer-ences and results in a computationally more tractable inferencemechanism for concept learning models based on a probabilis-tic language of thought.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"discovery; program induction; probabilistic language of thought"},{"word":"active learning; hypothesis generation"}],"section":"Publication-based-Talks","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zc3z5hs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Bramley","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""},{"first_name":"Anslem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rothe","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Fei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkley","department":""},{"first_name":"Todd","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Gureckis","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2018-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/27950/galley/17588/download/"}]}