{"pk":30480,"title":"Methods For Evaluating The Validity of Hypothesized Analogies","subtitle":null,"abstract":"presented indicating that spontaneously\ngenerated analogies can play a significant role in expert problem\nsolving. Since not all analogies are valid, it is important for\nthe subject to have a way to evaluate their validity. Three\nmethods for evaluating analogical validity are identified using\nobservations from thinking aloud problem solving protocols as well\nas examples from Newton and Galileo. In particular, this paper\nfocuses on an evaluation strategy called bridging that has been\nobserved in solutions to both science and mathematics problems. In constructing a bridge, the subject finds an intermediate case that is seen as \"in between\" the analogous case and the problem situation because it shares important features of both. Many of the bridges observed appeared to be novel inventions created by\nthe subject. These empirical studies have led to the construction of a more detailed theory for how analogies can be used effectively in instruction. Some of the strategies observed in experts appear to have high potential for helping science students overcome persistent misconceptions in the classroom.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Presented Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30d3n67f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clement","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1986-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30480/galley/20329/download/"}]}