{"pk":41336,"title":"Spatial Imaging of Zinc and Other Elements in Huanglongbing-affected Grapefruit by Microscopically Focused Synchrotron X-Ray Investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive, fast spreading disease of citrus that causes substantial economic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Nutrient levels and their cellular distribution patterns in HLB-affected grapefruit were analyzed after graft-inoculation with infected lemon scions containing ‘\nCandidatus Liberibacter\n asiaticus’, the heat-tolerant Asian type of HLB bacterium. After 12 months, infected plants showed typical HLB symptoms including leaf curling and blotchy mottle on leaves. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in young, mature, and old leaves of grapefruit significantly decreased by HLB infection. Micro-XRF imaging of Zn and other elements showed that preferential distribution of Zn was observed in the phloem tissues of leaves and stems collected from healthy grapefruit plants but was absent from HLB-affected samples. Quantitative analysis of Zn intensity in the cross-sections of leaves using standard samples revealed that Zn concentration in phloem tissues of healthy grapefruit leaves was more than 10 times higher than that in the HLB-affected leaves. No significant variation was observed in the distribution patterns of other elements such as K and Ca in stems and leaves of grapefruit plants before or after graft-inoculation withHLB infected lemon scions. These results suggest that reduced phloem transport of Zn is one of the most important constraints that contribute to HLB-induced Zn deficiency in citrus such as grapefruit. Our report provides the first \nin situ \nvisualization of elements’ variation within the tissues of HLB-infected citrus at cellular level.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69r912ms","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Z.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Tian","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"L.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"Q.","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-19T01:09:40+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-19T01:09:40+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41336/galley/30935/download/"}]}