{"pk":41470,"title":"Applying volumetric electron microscopy to visualize xylem tissue impacted by citrus tristeza virus-induced stem pitting","subtitle":null,"abstract":"<p>Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes several disease syndromes in different citrus hosts: quick decline, seedling yellows and stem pitting. CTV-induced stem pitting leads to substantial economic losses in sensitive citrus varieties, including grapefruit. The formation of stem pits has previously been linked to the ability of the virus to colonize xylem tissue outside of its typical phloem limitation, thereby disrupting normal xylem development. The nature of this compromised tissue has not been fully elucidated. In this study, stem pits were characterized at the molecular anatomical level using a combination of techniques to better understand the characteristics of the xylem and phloem tissues impacted by severe pitting. Biological staining was used to visualize CTV-induced stem pitting and was complemented with a novel technology that has not previously been used to study CTV-induced stem pitting, namely serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). This proof-of-concept study yielded new insights into the morphology of stem pitting-affected tissue. The utility of SBF-SEM for stem pitting characterization was also demonstrated and an optimized protocol for its application on hard, woody material is presented.</p>","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"CTV"},{"word":"3DEM"},{"word":"SBF-SEM"},{"word":"Software renderings"},{"word":"Biological staining"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ks4156z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dirk","middle_name":"Jacobus","last_name":"Aldrich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jurgen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kriel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central Analytical Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rachelle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bester","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa\n\nCitrus Research International, PO Box 2201, Matieland, 7602, South Africa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Johan","middle_name":"Theodorus","last_name":"Burger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hans","middle_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Maree","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa\n\nCitrus Research International, PO Box 2201, Matieland, 7602, South Africa","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2023-11-14T13:12:07Z","date_accepted":"2023-11-14T13:12:07Z","date_published":"2024-06-21T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41470/galley/31046/download/"}]}