{"pk":41694,"title":"Revision of Eocene warm-water cassid gastropods from coastal southwestern North America: implications for  paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal-turnover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The warm-water (thermophilic) Eocene cassid gastropods reported previously from coastal southwestern North America (CSWNA), a region extending from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington to Baja California Sur, Mexico, are revised in terms of taxonomy, description, geographic distribution, and biostratigraphy. Five species of the cassine \nGaleodea\n and a single species of the phaliine \nEchinophoria\n are recognized. \nGaleodea meganosensis\n, \nG. sutterensis\n,\n G. louella\n, \nG. californica\n and \nG. tuberculiformis\n are predominantly found in California and, collectively, range in age from early to middle Eocene. \nEchinophoria trituberculata\n of middle Eocene age in southern California and of earliest late Eocene age in southwestern Washington, is the earliest known record of this genus. Several poorly known supposed cassids are discussed. The pre-Oligocene global record of \nGaleodea\n is compiled for the first time. The first arrival of \nGaleodea\n in the CSWNA region occurred in the early Eocene just after the warmest peak and highest sea level of the Cenozoic. Some of the CSWNA \nGaleodea\n species are very similar morphologically to some found in the Tethys Realm of Western Europe, especially in England and France, and to some found in the Gulf Coast and Mexico (Nuevo León and Chiapas). These similar species are indicative that the migratory route of \nGaleodea\n into the CSWNA region was via a current system that emanated from the Old World, passed near southern Western Europe, the Gulf Coast of the United States, northern and southern Mexico, and eventually influenced the CSWNA region. Thermophilic CSWNA cassids radiated during the early Eocene but declined by the end of the middle Eocene, and, because of global cooling, disappeared near the beginning of the Oligocene.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","text":"<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Cassid gastropods, Galeodea, Eocene, California, Washington, Tethyan Realm"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bw9c80g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Squires","name_suffix":"","institution":"Professor Emeritus, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California, 91330-8266, USA; Research Associate, Invertebrate Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90007","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2019-04-16T18:09:56Z","date_accepted":"2019-04-16T18:09:56Z","date_published":"2019-04-16T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41694/galley/31191/download/"}]}