{"pk":41753,"title":"Reconstructing oyster paleocommunity structure over the last 3.6 million years:  A southern California case study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We culled abundance record data from the NSF-funded TCN, Eastern Pacific Invertebrate Communities of the Cenozoic (EPICC), including all southern California localities that recorded the presence of oysters from the last 3.6 million years to document how oyster communities change through time. In total, over 120,000 specimens from 78 localities throughout southern California (i.e., Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego counties) were examined. The data were broken down into four-time bins: late Pliocene, middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene, and Holocene. Using multivariate statistics, several statistically coherent groups based on occurrences and abundances through time were indentified. Results indicate that the late Pliocene coherent groups possessed a loose, facultative, individualistic community structure that allowed taxa to shift their latitudinal gradients as they tracked shifting environments. The dominant oyster—\nDendrostrea vespertina\n—as well as other taxa, became extinct at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Afterwards, community structure changed, as did the dominant oyster. We suspect that the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary changed both the magnitude and rate of sea surface temperatures such that local extinction occurred causing changes in dominance within marine communities. During the middle Pleistocene, \nOstrea conchaphila\n (\nlurida\n) appeared and remained dominant throughout the Holocene. In addition, distinct spatial groups existed causing reduced migration along the coast of southern California. Perhaps southern California marine communities responded to the water-mass differences associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition from a mild, 41 ka glacial-interglacial cycle to the more variable ~100 ka glacial-interglacial cycle reducing migration along the coast of southern California. The loose, individualistic community structure seen in the late Pliocene returned during the late Pleistocene and continued through the Holocene allowing marine communities the flexibility to track shifting environments.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","text":"<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Late Pliocene, Pleistocene, Ostrea, Dendrostrea, Los Angeles Basin, San Diego Embayment"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p42x1st","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bonuso","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, USA 92834.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Zacherl","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, USA 92834.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kelly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vreeland","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cogstone Resource Management, Inc., 1518 W. Taft Avenue, CA, USA 92865.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jolene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ditmar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 700 North Alameda St., Los Angeles, CA, USA 90012.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-08-21T20:02:57Z","date_accepted":"2021-08-21T20:02:57Z","date_published":"2021-08-21T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41753/galley/31221/download/"}]}