{"pk":46824,"title":"Before the Wedding Dance: Citizen Policymaking on Same-Sex Marriage","subtitle":null,"abstract":"While activists have the public in mind when engaging in framing  activity throughout a long policy struggle, ballot measure campaigns  create a context in which the public and policymakers are closely  related audiences. Lacking the formal deliberative mechanisms present in  other institutional venues, voters as policymakers rely almost entirely  on information, framing, and cues from groups involved in direct  legislation. California is the only state where voters approved two  different measures prohibiting same-sex marriage: Proposition 22 in 2000  and Proposition 8 in 2008. Thus, it offers a useful case study for  studying activist groups' messaging and framing in the context of  policymaking via ballot measures. This paper relies on campaign  materials from Proposition 22 and Proposition 8 to examine whether or  not activists learn from and alter their messaging strategies based on  prior campaigns and changed legal and political contexts.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"LGBT politics, same-sex marriage, social movements, framing"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qg8x3f1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shauna","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Fisher","name_suffix":"","institution":"West Virginia University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-10-31T22:09:30Z","date_accepted":"2017-10-31T22:09:30Z","date_published":"2017-11-01T03:05:47Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cjpp/article/46824/galley/35405/download/"}]}