{"pk":48461,"title":"Indians and the National Parks of the Great Lakes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the complex and evolving relationships between Woodland Indian groups—particularly the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi—and the ten National Park Service (NPS) units located around the Great Lakes. Although these parks are not primarily established to address Native American issues, they are significantly intertwined with Indigenous land rights, cultural history, and ongoing legal and social concerns. Key issues include tribal land ownership within park boundaries, disputes over fishing rights, protection of sacred and archaeological sites, and the interpretation of Native histories. Legislation such as the American Indian Religious Freedom Act and NPS policies (notably Special Directive 78-1) provide a framework for Native participation and protection of traditional practices. The paper argues that a growing \"Indian awakening\" presents both challenges and opportunities for the NPS to develop more inclusive and culturally sensitive management practices, which could enhance both preservation and visitor experience in the Great Lakes parks. The authors advocate for proactive leadership and the inclusion of Native voices in park planning and interpretation to foster mutual benefit and cultural revitalization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g60085s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"H.","middle_name":"Paul","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48461/galley/36497/download/"}]}