{"pk":48885,"title":"Promoting Student Critical Thinking through Integrated Peer and Teacher Feedback in Online Writing ","subtitle":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on students’ critical thinking of integrating peer corrective feedback (PCF) with teacher feedback (TF) in online L2 writing instruction. Specifically, it examined how this integration affected students’ focus, logic, and argumentation. 90 second-year undergraduate students from the English Education Department at a large public university in Bengkulu, Indonesia participated in the study. They were divided into three groups, with 30 students each: an anonymous PCF+TF group, a named PCF+TF group, and a TF group. At the beginning and end of the study, all groups completed pre- and post-tests. Data were gathered from writing assignments and semi-structured interviews. The anonymous PCF+TF group scored significantly higher on the post-test for critical thinking in argumentative essay writing compared to the other two groups (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, both PCF+TF groups showed significant improvements across the three critical thinking aspects— focus, logic, and argumentation—from pre- to post-test (p &lt; 0.05). These findings emphasize the pedagogical value of integrating PCF with TF, particularly under anonymous conditions, to enhance critical thinking in second language writing contexts.        </p>","language":"eng","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC-ND 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w8s34n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amanda","middle_name":"Pradhani","last_name":"Yanwar","name_suffix":"","institution":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","department":"Industrial Education"},{"first_name":"Jirarat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sitthiworachart","name_suffix":"","institution":"King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","department":"Industrial Education"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mahasarakham University","department":"Engineering"}],"date_submitted":"2025-07-04T07:30:55.845000Z","date_accepted":"2026-03-05T22:05:13.076363Z","date_published":"2026-04-07T17:39:00Z","render_galley":{"label":"Final Galley","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/48885/galley/49375/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"Galley v1","type":"other","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/48885/galley/49312/download/"},{"label":"Final Galley","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/48885/galley/49375/download/"}]}