{"pk":50146,"title":"SIESTA: A Spectral-Temporal Unified Framework for Robust Cross-Subject EEG Analysis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG) provides critical insights into brain activity, yet its inherent variability and nonstationary nature pose significant challenges for computational analysis, particularly in cross-subject generalization tasks. We present SIESTA (Spectral Invariant EEG-based Semi-causal Transform Architecture), a novel EEG foundation model that addresses these challenges through three key innovations: (1) VQGAN-based spectral tokenization capturing wavelet representation of EEG; (2) a dual-stream Transformer architecture pre-trained using a semi-causal generative modeling approach; and (3) Contrastive Invariant Fine-Tuning (CIFT), a label-free domain adaptation strategy that aligns feature distributions across subjects by integrating spectral-temporal dynamics. Pre-trained on over 32,900 hours of diverse EEG data, SIESTA achieves state-of-the-art performance in epilepsy monitoring, improves F1-score by $12.4 \\%$ on scalp EEG and $8.7 \\%$ on intracranial EEG, respectively. Beyond epilepsy, SIESTA demonstrates strong generalizability to non-epilepsy tasks, including motor imagery and sleep stage classification. These results validate that spectrotemporal integration and domain-invariant learning are fundamental for modeling cross-subject EEG variability, establishing new benchmarks for robust brain-computing systems.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Pattern recognition; Big data; Electroencephalography (EEG); Neural Networks"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nb9z2pw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ruizhe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Fudan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuguo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Fudan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50146/galley/38108/download/"}]}