{"pk":5075,"title":"Assessing the Rewarding Aspects of a Stimulus Associated with Extinction Through the Observing Response Paradigm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Two experiments determined the role that a stimulus associated with extinction plays in the maintenance of the observing response in goldfish. In Experiment,goldfish were trained to respond on either a mixed or a mukiple schedule of reinforcement. By swimming through a light beam at the opposite end of the tank, one group of fish could produce stimuli associated with food (S+) and  extinction (S-).In a second group, fish could terminate presentations of S+ and S-. For both groups, reward was response independent. S+ appeared to maintain the observing response, whereas S played an aversive role. In Experiment 2, goldfish were trained to respond on a multiple schedule of reinforcement. Reward was response dependent. Goldfish terminated S+ at significantly lower rate than S-. The two experiments together show that S- will not support observing even under conditions where response efficiency could be improved by observing. Results are discussed in light of theories of the observing response based on secondary reinforcement, information, and energy savings.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Stimulus"},{"word":"Reward"},{"word":"extinction"},{"word":"Response"},{"word":"Goldfish"},{"word":"fish"},{"word":"Food"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d63m4bq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jesse","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Purdy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stacy","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Bales","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Melissa","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Burns","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nancy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wiegand","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-10-25T21:48:52Z","date_accepted":"2012-10-25T21:48:52Z","date_published":"2012-10-25T21:49:05Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5075/galley/2954/download/"}]}