{"pk":5141,"title":"Naturalistic Approaches to Orangutan Intelligence and the Question of Enculturation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Field studies have been, and continue to be, important contributors to the understanding of great ape cognition-especially with regard to questions of cognitiveecology or the key cognitive challenges in the evolution of primate intelligence. Theyare also critical to resolving a current debate, whether human enculturation boosts great apes' cognition, because only studies of problem-solving in feral contexts can resolve the question of whether abilities are higher in enculturated than non-enculturated great apes. To this debate, this paper offers findings from observational field studies on freeranging rehabilitant orangutans' cognitive capabilities, as revealed in their food processing and arboreal positioning, and on the possible social transmission of that expertise. These findings are combined with published findings on wild and enculturated great apes as a basis for assessing the effects of human enculturation on great ape cognition. This assessment joins several others in showing that free-ranging great apes independently achieve cognition of the same order of complexity as enculturated great apes, in concluding that claims for the effects of human enculturation are likely inflated, and in suggesting that the basis for the effectiveness of human enculturation is that great apes normally \"enculturate\" themselves.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"primate"},{"word":"Naturalistic"},{"word":"Approach"},{"word":"Orangutan"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Question"},{"word":"enculturation"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cj9c3b7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anne","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Russon","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-11-13T23:06:54Z","date_accepted":"2012-11-13T23:06:54Z","date_published":"2012-11-13T23:07:04Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5141/galley/3021/download/"}]}