{"pk":5200,"title":"Beluga (\nDelphinapterus Leucas\n) Bubble Bursts: Surprise, Protection, or Play?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cetaceans produce a variety of bubble displays, ranging from bubble streams to very large bursts of air. Previous research has indicated that different types of bubbles serve different functions. Using archival video data, we investigated the frequency and function of bubble behavior for four beluga mother-calf pairs housed at Sea World San Antonio (SWSA, 2007-2010). Bubble bursts, large,forceful bursts of air released underwater, were the most frequent form of bubbles produced. The mothers primarily produced bubble bursts while swimming with their calves whereas the calves produced the majority of their bubble bursts during solitary activities. These results suggest that mothers may use their bubble bursts as a protective behavior or warning to threatening stimuli (e.g., other belugas) whereas when threatening stimuli are not present calves may produce bubble bursts as a form of play. Additional research is necessary to better understand if these bubble displays areunder the intentional control of the animals producing them.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology, Behavior, Behaviour, Communication, Vocalization, Comparative Psychology, Behavioral Taxonomy, Cognition, Cognitive Processes, Intelligence, Bubble B.."}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q9669m4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Heather","middle_name":"M. M.","last_name":"Hill","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Mary’s University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marielle","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Kahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Mary’s University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lucas","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Brilliott","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Mary’s University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Briana","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Mary’s University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gutierrez","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Mary’s University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Artz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at San Antonio","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-10T03:29:57+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-10T03:29:57+01:00","date_published":"2013-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5200/galley/3080/download/"}]}