{"pk":5266,"title":"The Roles of Endogenous Opioids in Fear Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors play important roles in Pavlovian fear conditioning in many species, including mice, rats, and humans. These roles are best viewed as regulating the conditions for fear learning by determining the actions of predictive error on association formation. Evidence will be reviewed showing such roles for opioid receptors in ventrolateral quadrant of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). These roles are shared across mammalian species because many of the effects of opioid receptor manipulations on fear learning first reported in rodents have now been documented in humans.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Language"},{"word":"Periaqueductal grey"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"Opioid"},{"word":"Pavlovian"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74d1s3z9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gavan","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"McNally","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of New South Wales","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T03:12:36Z","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T03:12:36Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5266/galley/3145/download/"}]}