{"pk":5399,"title":"Perspectives on the Function of Behaviors Synchronized with Calling in Female Killer Whales, Orcinus orca: Patterns of Bubbling and Nodding in Bouts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In odontocetes, synchronous visible displays accompany a small proportion of vocalizations but the function of these multimodal signals is still unclear.  Bouts of stereotyped pulsed calls were collected from two adult female killer whales (\nOrcinus orca\n) concurrently with behavioral observations and the incidence of two synchronous behaviors, bubble streams and nodding, were measured.  Thirty-four hours of focal individual data were collected in the presence of dependent calves in 1993 and 1994.  Overall, 471 pulsed calls were attributed to the two subjects using synchronous behaviors or independent cues (proximity, localization by ear in air).  Both subjects used the same stereotyped pulsed call repertoire and they ordered calls within bouts similarly, despite dissimilar previous histories.  Both nodding and bubble streams were disproportionately associated with a subset of stereotyped pulsed calls, but the subset was different for the two behaviors.  General Linear Model analysis was used to predict the relative odds that the subjects would be swimming with calves given call class and attribution cue.  Bubbling was not associated with significant odds that a subject would be swimming with one or more calves, but nodding was associated with significantly higher odds and resting calls with lower odds.  Given these observations, synchronous behaviors in the presence of calves could function in one or more of the following ways: altering the signal value of calls, emphasizing an aspect of the social context, and facilitating learning.  All are possibilities at the interface between cognition and communication that would have interested Stan Kuczaj.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"mother-offspring communication, bubble streams, nodding, vocalizations, killer whale"}],"section":"Stan Kuczaj Tribute","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7590k51q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ann","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Bowles","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Whitney","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Musser","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute\n\nand \n\nDepartment of Ocean and Environmental Sciences,\nUniversity of San Diego","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Denes","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Biology\nSyracuse University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dawn","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Grebner","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kelly","middle_name":"Flaherty","last_name":"Clark","name_suffix":"","institution":"SeaWorld Orlando","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-08-16T01:01:10Z","date_accepted":"2016-08-16T01:01:10Z","date_published":"2016-11-23T08:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5399/galley/3252/download/"}]}