{"pk":5689,"title":"Use of Two-Trainer Interactive Modeling as a Potential Means to Engender Social Behavior in Children with Various Disabilities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many behavior modification and intervention programs for children are based on procedures developed in operant laboratories using animal subjects, but few use modeling procedures in which one student observes interactions of two proficient trainers. We show how such procedures, which were successfully used to train Grey parrots (\nPsittacus erithacus\n) to produce and comprehend elements of human language, can be adapted for use with children with autistic spectrum disorders and other disabilities to engender social skills and, in particular, empathetic interactions. Children were evaluated before entering the program and outcomes were recorded to determine improvement levels. No child reached totally normative (physical-age appropriate) levels, but all significantly improved their empathic social communication skills and use of contextually appropriate behavior. We conclude that a two-trainer modeling system can be a valuable intervention tool for children whose disabilities involve social and communicative skills.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Empathy"},{"word":"Behavioral Modification"},{"word":"social behavior"},{"word":"modeling"},{"word":"Autism"},{"word":"Autistic Spectrum"},{"word":"Parrot"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kv8t6qg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Irene M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pepperberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT Department of Architecture and Planning and Brandeis University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Diane V.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sherman","name_suffix":"","institution":"NewFound Therapies, Inc, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2002-12-31T08:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5689/galley/3444/download/"}]}