{"pk":62851,"title":"Counting the Parts to Understand the Whole: Rethinking Monitoring of Steelhead in California’s Central Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Steelhead (\nOncorhynchus mykiss\n expressing an anadromous life history) in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries in California’s Central Valley (CCV) belong to a Distinct Population Segment (DPS) that is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. Although contemporary management and recovery plans include numerous planned and ongoing efforts seeking to aid in DPS recovery—such as gravel augmentation, manipulation of spring flows, and restoration of rearing and spawning habitat—a paucity of data precludes the possibility of evaluating the effect of these actions on populations of Steelhead in CCV streams. Knowledge gaps relating to historic and current abundance, population-specific ratios of resident and anadromous life-history expression, and the influence of hatchery-reared fish remain largely unaddressed. This is partly a result of aspects of Steelhead biology that make them difficult to monitor, including the multitude of factors that contribute to the expression of anadromy, polymorphic populations, and migration periods that coincide with challenging field conditions. However, these gaps in understanding are also partly the result of an institutional focus on Chinook Salmon (\nOncorhynchus tshawytscha\n) and a pervasive notion that actions benefiting Chinook populations will also benefit Steelhead populations. To evaluate these gaps and to suggest approaches for assessing DPS recovery actions, we review available data and existing monitoring efforts, and consider the actions necessary to inform the development of targeted \nO\n. \nmykiss\n monitoring programs. Current management and recovery goals focus on abundance estimates of Steelhead only, yet current monitoring is insufficient for reliable estimates. We argue that a reallocation of monitoring resources to better understand the interaction between resident \nO\n. \nmykiss\n and Steelhead would provide better data to estimate the vital rates needed to evaluate the effects of recovery actions.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Central Valley, monitoring, life history"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06t0p66g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jackman","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Eschenroeder","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO \nSanta Cruz, CA 95062 USA","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Peterson","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO\nChico, CA 95928 USA","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hellmair","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO\nChico, CA 95928 USA","department":""},{"first_name":"Tyler","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Pilger","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO\nChico CA 95928 USA","department":""},{"first_name":"Doug","middle_name":"","last_name":"Demko","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO\nChico, CA 95928 USA","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fuller","name_suffix":"","institution":"FISHBIO\nOakdale, CA 95361 USA","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-03-07T03:36:17+01:00","date_accepted":"2022-03-07T03:36:17+01:00","date_published":"2022-03-17T08:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62851/galley/48533/download/"}]}