{"count":39524,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=16800","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=16600","results":[{"pk":29234,"title":"The Influence of Implicit Normative Commitments in Decision-Making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We approach some decisions (e.g., choosing an investment plan) by deliberating about our options, and others (e.g.,choosing dessert) by relying on intuition. In a study with 259 participants evaluating hypothetical decisions, we investigatefactors that predict whether deliberation and/or intuition is judged appropriate. We find that participants are more inclinedto endorse deliberation, and less inclined to endorse intuition, when they believe the means and ends involved in a decisioncan be objectively evaluated (consistent with Inbar, Cone, & Gilovich, 2010). We also find that violations of coherence(i.e., endorsing contradictory beliefs about a decision) predict higher ratings for intuition, as does belief that a givendecision reflects ones identity. These findings hold after adjusting for perceived effort, importance, and stakes. We suggestthat deliberation is judged appropriate when people believe that norms governing rational action apply, and we considerthe implications for real-world decision-making.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1r5xx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexia","middle_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Martinez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29234/galley/19105/download/"}]},{"pk":29248,"title":"The influence of mental fatigue on delay discounting","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The capacity to continually exert self control appears to become temporarily depleted over time, leading to mental fatigueand self-control failures. Some researchers have proposed that self control requires limited resources which must beperiodically replenished, but no direct evidence supports this theory. An alternative explanation is that mental fatigue isan evolutionarily-adaptive feature for managing motivations, serving to temporarily disincentivize the present course (ortype) of action, thereby redirecting behavior towards other goals that may better serve an individuals evolutionary fitness.Since self control is typically associated with delayed gratification and self-control failures with immediate gratification,mental fatigue may generally encourage immediately-gratifying behavior by temporarily increasing the extent to whichindividuals devalue all future rewards (delay discounting). To test this hypothesis, the present study examines whetherdelay discounting increases for participants who have recently completed a fatiguing task.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/993468t4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nordli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Todd","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29248/galley/19119/download/"}]},{"pk":28607,"title":"The Intentional Stance Toward Robots: Conceptual and MethodologicalConsiderations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It is well known that people tend to anthropomorphize in inter-pretations and explanations of the behavior of robots and otherinteractive artifacts. Scientific discussions of this phenomenontend to confuse the overlapping notions of folk psychology,theory of mind, and the intentional stance. We provide a clarifi-cation of the terminology, outline different research questions,and propose a methodology for making progress in studyingthe intentional stance toward robots empirically.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"human-robot interaction; social cognition; inten-tional stance; theory of mind; folk psychology; false-belieftask"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b40f3h4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thellman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Link ̈oping University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ziemke","name_suffix":"","institution":"Link ̈oping University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28607/galley/18478/download/"}]},{"pk":28482,"title":"The interaction between structure and meaning in sentence comprehension:Recurrent neural networks and reading times","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recurrent neural network (RNN) models of sentence process-ing have recently displayed a remarkable ability to learn as-pects of structure comprehension, as evidenced by their abilityto account for reading times on sentences with local syntac-tic ambiguities (i.e., garden-path effects). Here, we investi-gate if these models can also simulate the effect of semanticappropriateness of the ambiguity’s readings. RNN-based esti-mates of surprisal of the disambiguating verb of sentences withan NP/S-coordination ambiguity (as in ‘The wizard guards theking and the princess protects ...’) show identical patters to hu-man reading times on the same sentences: Surprisal is higheron ambiguous structures than on their disambiguated counter-parts and this effect is weaker, but not absent, in cases of poorthematic fit between the verb and its potential object (‘Theteacher baked the cake and the baker made ...’). These resultsshow that an RNN is able to simultaneously learn about struc-tural and semantic relations between words and suggest thatgarden-path phenomena may be more closely related to wordpredictability than traditionally assumed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"garden-path sentences; self-paced reading; read-ing time; thematic fit; recurrent neural network; LSTM; sur-prisal"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41v0w9z5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stefan","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Frank","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"C. J.","last_name":"Hoeks","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28482/galley/18353/download/"}]},{"pk":28576,"title":"The interactions of rational, pragmatic agentslead to efficient language structure and use","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Despite their diversity, languages around the world share aconsistent set of properties and distributional regularities. Forexample, the distribution of word frequencies, the distributionof syntactic dependency lengths, and the presence of ambigu-ity are all remarkably consistent across languages. We dis-cuss a framework for studying how these system-level proper-ties emerge from local, in-the-moment interactions of rational,pragmatic speakers and listeners. To do so, we derive a novelobjective function for measuring the communicative efficiencyof linguistic systems in terms of the interactions of speakersand listeners. We examine the behavior of this objective ina series of simulations focusing on the communicative func-tion of ambiguity in language. These simulations suggest thatrational pragmatic agents will produce communicatively effi-cient systems and that interactions between such agents pro-vide a framework for examining efficient properties of lan-guage structure and use more broadly.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"communicative efficiency"},{"word":"Rational Speech Acttheory"},{"word":"Computational Modeling"},{"word":"information theory"},{"word":"agent-based simulation"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qn4x69v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Peloquin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Goodman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Frank","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28576/galley/18447/download/"}]},{"pk":29188,"title":"The Intervention of Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind on Impacting SocialNorm Violation Judgements","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Individual’s judgment on the appropriateness of social norm includes perceiving others mental states (theory of mind), butit might differ with the intervention aspects in real social contexts. Therefore, in this study we mainly focus on evaluatingwhether affective and cognitive theory of mind would affect social norm violation judgments and investigate whetherthe timing of mentalization involves the judgments. As a result, preconceived intention intervention (both affective andcognitive theory of mind) significantly affected the judgments of the appropriateness. However, only cognitive theory ofmind in attributing violation intentions after encountering the social norm statement was found to affect in the judgmentsof the appropriateness of norm violations. In summary, theory of mind plays an important role on the judgment ofappropriateness for social norm violation, but the timing of intervention matters significantly.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b44k2h8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nai","middle_name":"Ching","last_name":"Hsiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jon-Fan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hu","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29188/galley/19059/download/"}]},{"pk":29045,"title":"The inverse operation modulates confidence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Inversion is an essential operation, for instance in math (negatives) and action (to move in an opposite direction). Eventhough humans can invert is unclear how is implemented. There are two alternative hypotheses. The first possibility (H1)is that only positives are represented and negatives (inverses) are implemented as either a response (e.g. left to right) ortask demand flip (e.g. ¿ to ¡). The second possibility (H2) is that both positives and negatives (inverses) are encoded.To disambiguate them, we ran two experiments where participants had to apply the inverse while implicitly reportingconfidence. If inverting modifies encoding of otherwise identical stimulation then confidence should differ. We found thatconfidence was lower in inverse trials than direct/positive trials. This suggests that the inverse is not a simple responsestrategy or modification of task demands (H1), rather inverting modulates how cognitive information is encoded and usedin the brain (H2).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jc0f159","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gabriel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Penagos","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","department":""},{"first_name":"Santiago","middle_name":"Alonso","last_name":"Diaz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidad Javeriana","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29045/galley/18916/download/"}]},{"pk":29152,"title":"The Jig-saw of Part-task Training in Dynamic Task Environments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Part-task training is a technique which involves separating the target task into parts and presenting them during training.This approach has been used to train users to perform optimally in dynamic task environments. The present study investi-gated the effects of fractionation, a part-task training approach, versus whole-task training to improve performance in thevideo game Tetris by focusing on an important sub-task element of the game. Seventy-eight young adults were trained onTetris with one of three training regimens: 1) Part-task training with feedback, 2) Part-task training with no feedback, and3) Whole-task training in which participants practiced the whole game to obtain the highest overall score. Results showthat baseline performance influences training gains and feedback may not be helpful for learning. Training gains fromthe different training regimens show that tasks with highly interdependent components may benefit most from whole-tasktraining.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dm5f99f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ropafadzo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Denga","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Wayne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gray","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29152/galley/19023/download/"}]},{"pk":28824,"title":"The Modularity of the Motor System","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The extent to which the mind is modular is a foundational concern in cognitive science. Much of this debate has centeredon the question of the degree to which input systems, i.e., sensory systems such as vision, are modular (see, e.g., Fodor1983; Pylyshyn 1999; MacPherson 2012; Firestone & Scholl 201; Burnston 2017; Mandelbaum 2017). By contrast,researchers have paid far less attention to the question of the extent to which our main output system, i.e., the motorsystem, qualifies as such. I will argue that the motor system should be construed as quasi-modular, at best, in that it isinformationally encapsulated only to a certain degree, and in a way that can be strategically modulated by the agent. I willexplore the implications of this result for nearby philosophical puzzles relating to different aspects of action control.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tf7t5bk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Myrto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mylopoulos","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carleton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28824/galley/18695/download/"}]},{"pk":28992,"title":"The Phenomenological Mind: Foregrounding Experience Through CognitiveAnti-realism and Quantum Cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Two perspectives on human cognition are contrasted: the computational mind and the phenomenological mind. The com-putational mind derives from the cognitivist hypothesis and is based on representation, computation and realism. Whileuseful for cognitive modelling, it is limited as it cannot cater for a cognitive agents experience. The phenomenologicalmind foregrounds experience by drawing on the concept of the enactive mind. The phenomenological mind refers to aview of cognition that is not predicated on the pre-existing mental representation of an objective world, and so is cog-nitively anti-realist and non-representational. Quantum cognition offers the prospect for cognitive modelers to step outof the computational mind but still have tools to rigorously and formally explore the anti-realism inherent to the phe-nomenological mind. The concept of contextuality from quantum cognition is proposed as a signature of experience in thephenomenological mind.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q44q88z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pamela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hoyte","name_suffix":"","institution":"Queensland University of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bruza","name_suffix":"","institution":"Queensland University of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Greg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Queensland University of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28992/galley/18863/download/"}]},{"pk":29276,"title":"The posterior probability of a null hypothesis given a statistically significant result","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significantresult lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless forvarious reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relaxcertain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show that the intuitivelyappealing belief, that Prob(H0) falls when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in generalincorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) Type I error, and (c) Type II error.Through simulation we quantify uncertainty and find that uncertainty about the null hypothesis often remains high despitea significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app(https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bf424d9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schad","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Potsdam","department":""},{"first_name":"Shravan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasishth","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Potsdam","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29276/galley/19147/download/"}]},{"pk":29275,"title":"The Price of Good Intentions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior work has shown that positively intentioned agents are held more responsible, causal, and blameworthy for subsequentbad outcomes than negatively intentioned agents are held for good outcomes. Across a series of studies, we investigatethe underlying expectations that produce this asymmetry. We find that, in in the absence of explicit information about theaction performed, actions of positively intentioned agents who produce bad outcomes are inferred to be worse than actionsof negatively intentioned agents who produce good outcomes (Study 1). While both agents are judged to be incompetent(Study 2), positively intentioned agents are attributed more control over subsequent negative outcomes (Study 3) and arealso considered more pivotal in bringing them about (Study 4). Together these results suggest that well-intentioned agentsare seen as having more control, perhaps because, we believe they are in a better position to modify their future behaviorto bring about positive outcomes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jt796xh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arunima","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sarin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Fiery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cushman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29275/galley/19146/download/"}]},{"pk":28640,"title":"The price of knowledge: Children infer epistemic states and desires fromexplorations cost","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When deciding whether to explore, people must consider both their need for information, and the cost of obtaining it.Thus, to judge why someone explores (or decides not to), we must consider not only their actions, but also the cost ofinformation. Do children attend to the cost of agents exploratory choices when inferring what others know or desireto know? In Experiment 1, four- and five-year-olds judged that an agent who rejected an opportunity to gain low-costinformation must have already known it. In Experiment 2, four- and five-year-olds judged that an agent who incurreda greater cost to gain information had a greater epistemic desire. In two control experiments, we show that these resultscannot be explained by a low-level heuristic linking competence with knowledge. Our results suggest that childrens Theoryof Mind includes expectations about how costs interact with epistemic desires to produce action.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12c9w239","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rosie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aboody","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Caiqin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Julian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jara-Ettinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28640/galley/18511/download/"}]},{"pk":28935,"title":"The process of art-making:An analysis of artist’s modification of conditions in the art-making process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated how younger and expert artistscreate artwork, paying special attention to the modification ofconditions in the art-making process. Here, “processmodification” is the means by which artists generate newartistic ideas/concepts by modifying elements of one’s ownprevious artwork. To examine whether younger artists usesuch modifications in the same manner as experts, weinterviewed 28 contemporary artists (including 14 experts).Results revealed that most of the younger artists modifiedtheir work unsystematically. Younger artists drasticallychanged the subject/motif, method, and concept for their newartwork. Experts, in contrast, actively used processmodification to create a new technique and generated a newconcept based on their creative vision.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"artistic creation; creative process; art-makingprocess; process modification"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kn69787","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sawako","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yokochi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tokyo Future University","department":""},{"first_name":"Takeshi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Okada","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28935/galley/18806/download/"}]},{"pk":29203,"title":"The reassurance of the Complex Trial Protocol against ecologically validatedcountermeasures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The P300-based Complex Trial Protocol (CTP), developed by Rosenfeld et al. (2008), is known to compensate for accuracydegradation and countermeasure issues of the Concealed Information Test. Although a myriad of CTP studies usingelectroencephalogram has been investigated, the lack of crime-related details and the complexity of the previously usedcountermeasures have revealed the necessity of in-depth experiment. In the present study, fifty participants were dividedinto three groups: guilty, innocent, and guilty-countermeasure. Participants engaged in a mock-crime scenario and onlythe guilty-countermeasure group performed ecologically validated countermeasures during the CTP. Participants reactiontime and the amplitude of P300 components of event-related potential were analyzed and there was a significant difference(p¡0.05). Moreover, using the bootstrapping method, participants were correctly classified as guilty or innocent, regardlessof the use of countermeasure, with accuracy above 80%. The results support the possibility of the on-site usage of theCTP.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vz5n6kb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hyemin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Korea University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29203/galley/19074/download/"}]},{"pk":29192,"title":"The Relationship between Inhibitory control and Creativity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"There is a debate in the literature as to whether inhibitory control improves or hinders creativity. Alternatively, we proposethat flexible alterations between these two states would actually benefit creativity best. Therefore, the purpose of the currentstudy was to resolve the debate by inducing inhibited/disinhibited/flexible states of mind and subsequently examine theinfluence on creative performance. To do so, the Stop-Signal task (SST) was deployed through the use of differential taskinstructions. Afterwards, participants completed two creativity tasks: a free association task (FAT) and the alternate usestask (AUT). Results indicated that while the inhibited group scored higher in the FAT, the flexible group scored higher inthe AUT. Based on the results, we propose that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between inhibitory control andcreativity: while some cognitive control is needed to generate original ideas; excessive control might hinder creativity asit may lead to premature closure of ideas that could otherwise be further developed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38x5415z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"tal","middle_name":"","last_name":"ivancovsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bar Ilan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Moshe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bar Ilan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29192/galley/19063/download/"}]},{"pk":29157,"title":"The role of affect in sentence perception","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The role of affect and sentence processing is an understudied topic. In an event-related potential (ERP) language experi-ment, we investigated modulation of the P300 ERP component by dispositional affect. Using our previous ERP paradigm,we employed a 3x2 design where 32 participants read sentences presented in 1- and 2-word chunks (Berent et al., 2005;Patson & Warren, 2010). Sentences started with subject nouns that were either universally quantified or not, and continuedwith a direct object which was either indefinite, definite singular, or plural e.g., (i) Every kid climbed a tree/the tree/thetrees vs. (ii) The kid climbed a tree/the tree/the trees. Number judgments were required at tree(s), which was always pre-sented alone (and never final). Reduced P300 amplitudes were observed for the plural condition indicating interference;furthermore, low positive affect individuals showed responses sensitive to local high probability features associated withthe control singular condition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xs740rx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Veena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dwivedi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brock University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29157/galley/19028/download/"}]},{"pk":28989,"title":"The role of AMPA receptor exchange in systems memory reconsolidation: Acomputational model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the mammalian brain, a newly acquired memory depends on the hippocampus for maintenance and recall, but over timethe neocortex takes over these functions, rendering the memory hippocampus-independent. The process responsible forthis transformation is called systems memory consolidation. Interestingly, retrieval of a well-consolidated memory cantrigger a temporary return to a hippocampus-dependent state, a phenomenon known as systems memory reconsolidation.The neural mechanisms underlying systems memory consolidation and reconsolidation are not well understood. Here,we propose a neural model based on well-documented mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and stability and describe acomputational implementation that demonstrates the models ability to account for a range of findings from the systemsconsolidation and reconsolidation literature. Based on the computational model, we derive a number of predictions andsuggest experiments that may put them to the test.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00s7m48t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Helfer","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shultz","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28989/galley/18860/download/"}]},{"pk":28463,"title":"The Role of Basal Ganglia Reinforcement Learning in Lexical Priming andAutomatic Semantic Ambiguity Resolution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to elucidate the contributions of thesubcortical basal ganglia to human language by adopting theview that these structures engage in a basic neurocomputationthat may account for its involvement across a wide range of lin-guistic phenomena. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis thatbasal ganglia reinforcement learning mechanisms may accountfor variability in semantic selection processes necessary forambiguity resolution. To test this, we used a biased homographlexical ambiguity priming task that allowed us to measure au-tomatic processes for resolving ambiguity towards high fre-quency word meanings. Individual differences in task perfor-mance were then related to indices of basal ganglia function-ing and reinforcement learning, which were used to group sub-jects by learning style: primarily from choosing positive feed-back (Choosers), primarily from avoiding negative feedback(Avoiders), and balanced participants who learned equally wellfrom both (Balanced). The pattern of results suggests that bal-anced individuals, whom learn from both positive and negativereward equally well, had significantly lower access to the sub-ordinate homograph word meaning. Choosers and Avoiders,on the other hand, had higher access to the subordinate wordmeaning even after a long delay between prime and target. Ex-perimental findings were then tested using an ACT-R compu-tational model of reinforcement learning that learns from bothpositive and negative feedback. Results from the computa-tional model confirm and extend the pattern of behavioral find-ings, and provide a reinforcement learning account of lexicalpriming processes in human linguistic abilities, where a dual-path reinforcement learning system is necessary for preciselymapping out word co-occurrence probabilities.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"language; semantics; lexical selection; ambigu-ity resolution; priming; reinforcement learning; basal ganglia;dopamine; cognitive modeling; ACT-R"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r8632cr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jose","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Ceballos","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stocco","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Chantel","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Prat","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28463/galley/18334/download/"}]},{"pk":29105,"title":"The Role of Causal Information and Perceived Knowledge in Decision-Making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Causal knowledge is key to making effective decisions, yet little is known about how we combine new causal informa-tion with what we already know. This scenario, with a mix of prior beliefs and new information is common to manysettings, and is pervasive in health decisions. We specifically examine how decision-making with causal models differs inabstract decisions versus those more reminiscent of daily life, and how new information interacts with people’s perceivedknowledge about the decision-making domains. We found that while people can successfully use causal models to answerabstract questions, causal models can lead to worse choices in everyday decisions, especially when people believe theyknow a lot about the domain (Experiment 1). We then used an IOED task to determine if showing people how little theyactually understand about a domain may improve the use of causal models in decision-making (Experiment 2).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p2403kk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Min","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stevens Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessecae","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marsh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh University","department":""},{"first_name":"Samantha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleinberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stevens Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29105/galley/18976/download/"}]},{"pk":28789,"title":"The Role of Effector Physicality and Risk Perception in Virtual Environments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Research has consistently demonstrated that people treat\ndigital technology-based environments such as VR as if they\nwere real. This is consistent with neural reuse and predictive\nprocessing theories. Neural circuits that have developed to\nperform real world actions are reused when performing tasks\nin computer mediated environments. The current research\ninvestigates some of the factors that could support users in\nleveraging their existing real world representations. A\nreasonable hypothesis is that users are more likely to emulate\nexisting real world processing if technological artifacts are\ncongruent with their experiential basis. This work investigates\nthe perceived cues of task risks, movement realism and\neffector realism in performing actions. Effector design is\nmanipulated (gesturing, wand, vs. knife), and participants cut\na vegetable in a simulated environment. Participants evoked\nreal world sensory motor contingency when technological\nartifacts are congruent with their experiential basis.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"embodied cognition; risk perception;\ncomputer mediated learning; danger avoidance;\neffector; controller"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w00r52p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shulan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University","department":""},{"first_name":"Derek","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harter","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University","department":""},{"first_name":"Pratyush","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kotturu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28789/galley/18660/download/"}]},{"pk":29237,"title":"The role of environment and body in divergent thinking tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans are creative tool users. We investigated whether body posture and environmental context influence creative outputin the divergent thinking task. Participants adopted either flexion or extension body postures and were shown images ofkitchen utensils or work tools. Each image was primed with an image of either a congruent environment or an incongruentenvironment. Results show that body posture, specifically extension, results in faster generation of responses, especiallywhen the object is primed by a congruent environment, and that extension increases sensitivity to environmental primes,increasing fluency overall. Our results shed light on the cognitive mechanisms of generating creative object uses.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bn16805","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Heath","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matheson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern British Columbia","department":""},{"first_name":"Yoed","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kenett","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexander","middle_name":"LePage","last_name":"LePage","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern British Columbia","department":""},{"first_name":"Mathew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sargent","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern British Columbia","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29237/galley/19108/download/"}]},{"pk":28443,"title":"The Role of Information in Visual Word Recognition:A Perceptually-Constrained Connectionist Account","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Proficient readers typically fixate near the center of a word,with a slight bias towards word onset. We explore a novelaccount of this phenomenon based on combining information-theory with perceptual constraints in a connectionist model ofvisual word recognition. This account posits that the amountof information-content available for word identification variesacross fixation locations and across languages. These differ-ences contribute to the overall fixation location bias in differ-ent languages, make the novel prediction that certain wordsare more readily identified when fixating at an atypical fixa-tion location, and predict specific cross-linguistic differences.We tested these predictions across several simulations in En-glish and Hebrew, and in a behavioral experiment. The resultsconfirmed that the bias to fixate closer to word onset alignswith reducing uncertainty in the visual signal, that some wordsare more readily identified at atypical fixation locations, andthat these effects vary across languages.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"visual word recognition; computational mod-elling; connectionism; information theory; fixation location"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g33n2b8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raquel","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Alhama","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","department":""},{"first_name":"Noam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Siegelman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frost","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hebrew University","department":""},{"first_name":"Blair","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Armstrong","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28443/galley/18314/download/"}]},{"pk":28921,"title":"The Role of Prior Beliefs in The Rational Speech Act Model of Pragmatics:Exhaustivity as a Case Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the interaction between prior beliefs andpragmatic inferences, focusing on exhaustivity effects. Wepresent three experiments that tests how prior beliefs influenceboth interpretation and production of language, and comparethe results with the predictions of the Rational Speech Actmodel, a Bayesian model of linguistic interpretation. We findthat prior beliefs about conditional probabilities have no affecton language production, but do affect interpretation, producinganti-exhaustivity effects. We find that the RSA model achievesa relatively good fit both for the human production and inter-pretation data, but only for highly-implausible utterance costs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Pragmatics"},{"word":"Rational Speech Act model"},{"word":"Exhaus-tivity."}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p86j5vf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ethan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilcox","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Spector","name_suffix":"","institution":"PSL University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28921/galley/18792/download/"}]},{"pk":29086,"title":"The Role of Sensorimotor and Linguistic Information in the Basic-Level advantage","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The basic-level advantage is one of the best-known effects in human categorisation. Traditional accounts argue that basic-level categories present a maximally informative or entry-level into a taxonomic organisation of concepts in semanticmemory. However, these explanations are not fully compatible with most recent views on the structure of the concep-tual system, which emphasise the role of sensorimotor (i.e., perception-action experience of the world) and linguisticinformation (i.e., statistical distribution of words in language) in conceptual processing. In a pre-registered wordpicturecategorisation study, we hypothesised that our novel measures of sensorimotor and linguistic distance would contribute tocategorical decision making, and would outperform traditional taxonomic levels (i.e., subordinate, basic, superordinate)in predicting the basic-level advantage. Results showed that, overall, our measures predicted the basic-level advantage atleast as well as taxonomic level. Sensorimotor information best explained processing speed, whereas taxonomic level bestexplained participants choices.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q54z85m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rens","middle_name":"","last_name":"van Hoef","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"Louise","middle_name":"","last_name":"Connell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lancaster","department":""},{"first_name":"Dermot","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lynott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29086/galley/18957/download/"}]},{"pk":29026,"title":"The Role of Sketch Quality and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory in ScienceAccuracy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sketching is often a helpful strategy for solving science problems. We examined the role of visuo-spatial working memoryand sketching in predicting science problem solving accuracy. Sketches were coded for quality based on whether theyincluded elements and relationships in the sketches. Regression analyses were done regressing working memory onto science problem solving. A mediation analysis was also conducted to determine whether sketch quality mediated therelationship between working memory and science accuracy. Findings are discussed in terms off implications for educationand classroom instruction.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dx520nm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miller-Cotto","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hallinen","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Booth","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29026/galley/18897/download/"}]},{"pk":29132,"title":"The Role of Task Characteristics and Individual Differences in Pointing to UnseenLocations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pointing tasks have been used for decades to investigate peoples understanding of environmental-scale spaces. Most ofthis research has used the variability of pointing estimates to provide insights into peoples cognitive maps. In pointingexperiments, experimenters need to identify a signal within the trial-by-trial and participant-by-participant variability.However, it is not well understood how characteristics of the task and differences between individuals contribute to pointingvariability. In this paper, I investigated characteristics of pointing tasks and individual differences (i.e., gender, sense-of-direction, familiarity, and strategy use) to provide insights into the factors that influence pointing accuracy and itsvariability. Using the findings of this study, I make recommendations for best-practices in pointing task methods andanalyses.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kf1j077","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Heather","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burte","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Arlington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29132/galley/19003/download/"}]},{"pk":29084,"title":"The Scaffolding of Inferential Reasoning: Intuitive Analysis of Variance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we explored the effect of a scaffolding exercise designed to make salient the importance of within-group variance on participants informal reasoning during a subsequent intuitive analysis of variance task. Participantswere first presented with several datasets that varied with respect to within-group differences and were asked to provideexamples of extraneous factors that could be the source of the variance. Afterwards, participants were given additionaldatasets that differed with respect to both within and/or between-group variability, and were asked to rate the strengthof evidence provided by the dataset in support of a hypothetical theory. Consistent with prior research, the majority ofparticipants tended to place a strong emphasis on between-group variability while minimizing the importance of within-group variation. However, the results indicate that for a subset of participants (n=6), the scaffolding exercise was effectivein highlighting the significance of within-group variation. We found that all participants who reasoned normatively on thescaffolding exercise were able to successfully complete the analysis of variance task in a normative manner.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r34q39t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trumpower","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Robinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29084/galley/18955/download/"}]},{"pk":28462,"title":"The shape of language experience in two traditional communities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study sketches the language environments of children ages 0;03;0 growing up in two traditional, indigenous com-munities: one Tseltal (Mayan) and the other Yl (Papuan). Past ethnographic work has suggested that caregivers’ ideasabout talking to young children differ greatly between these two communities. However, the present daylong recordinganalyses suggest that, in fact, children are rarely directly addressed in both places, with no age-related increase and withmost child-directed speech coming from adults. Children’s manual activities also suggest that child-carrying practicesand cultural context moderate the extent to which children might use co-occurrence between held objects and ambientlanguage to learn words.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pg51948","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Casillas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28462/galley/18333/download/"}]},{"pk":28492,"title":"The Social Network Dynamics of Category Formation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How do societies develop categories for continuous sets of novel phenomena, as in the domains of art and technology?Seminal work in the nativist tradition argues that given the same stimuli, people can independently produce the samecategories as a result of universal cognitive constraints. These constraints are said to account for cross-group coherence,where distinct communities and cultures have been shown to arrive at highly similar categories. Cross-group coherence iswidely seen as incompatible with functionalism, which holds that categories are defined through communication, leadingto divergent category systems. Here, we use an experiment to demonstrate that communication can generate either thedivergence or convergence of category systems, depending on the size of the social network (2, 6, 8, 24, and 50). We findthat large social networks amplify population biases, where a subset of slightly more frequent words become exponentiallymore likely to spread as network size increases.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81f5g6t0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guilbeault","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baronchelli","name_suffix":"","institution":"City University","department":""},{"first_name":"Damon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Centola","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Pennsylvania","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28492/galley/18363/download/"}]},{"pk":28719,"title":"The Stream of Spatial Information:Spanning the Space of Spatial Relational Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Given identical informational content, the order in which youreceive spatial information may heavily influence the correct-ness of your mental representation. This can reveal importantinsights into the specifics of human spatial cognition and theway we integrate information. Despite its importance in ev-eryday life, its causes and the mental processes involved stillremain an open question. Most cognitive models so far havefocused on modeling only answer distributions or just the mostfrequent answer given by all participants.In this paper we take a rather radical approach: We turn tothe individual spatial reasoner and focus our analyses on thestream of spatial information and related reaction times, i.e.,how the spatial information is represented and cognitively pro-cessed. By spanning a space of 243 cognitive spatial models,some of which outperform the current state-of-the art models,it is possible to test the goodness of general principles under-lying such models.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Spatial Cognition; Reasoning; Continuity Effect;Cognitive Models"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b24d020","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paulina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Friemann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Freiburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Jelica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nejasmic","name_suffix":"","institution":"PH Ludwigsburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Marco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ragni","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Freiburg","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28719/galley/18590/download/"}]},{"pk":28812,"title":"The Synergy of Passive and Active Learning Modesin Adaptive Perceptual Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Adaptive learning systems that generate spacing intervalsbased on learner performance enhance learning efficiency andretention (Mettler, Massey & Kellman, 2016). Recentresearch in factual learning suggests that initial blocks ofpassive trials, where learners observe correct answers withoutovertly responding, produce greater learning than passive oractive trials alone (Mettler, Massey, Burke, Garrigan &Kellman, 2018). Here we tested whether this passive + activeadvantage generalizes beyond factual learning to perceptuallearning. Participants studied and classified images ofbutterfly genera using either: 1) Passive Only presentations,2) Passive Initial Blocks followed by active, adaptivescheduling, 3) Passive Initial Category Exemplar followed byactive, adaptive scheduling, or 4) Active Only learning. Wefound an advantage for combinations of active and passivepresentations over Passive Only or Active Only presentations.Passive trials presented in initial blocks showed the bestperformance, paralleling earlier findings in factual learning.Combining active and passive learning produces greaterlearning gains than either alone, and these effects occur fordiverse forms of learning, including perceptual learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"adaptive learning; perceptual learning; spacingeffect; memory; active learning; passive learning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r34v7nv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Everett","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mettler","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Austin","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Garrigan","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Joseph’s University","department":""},{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Massey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Kellman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28812/galley/18683/download/"}]},{"pk":29090,"title":"The Temporal Dynamics of Belief-based Updating of Epistemic Trust: Light at theEnd of the Tunnel?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We start with the distinction of outcome- and belief-based Bayesian models of the sequential update of agents beliefs andsubjective reliability of sources (trust). We then focus on discussing the influential Bayesian model of belief-based trustupdate by Eric Olsson, which models dichotomic events and explicitly represents anti-reliability. After sketching somedisastrous recent results for this perhaps most promising model of belief update, we show new simulation results for thetemporal dynamics of learning belief with and without trust update and with and without communication. The resultsseem to shed at least a somewhat more positive light on the communicating-and-trust-updating agents. This may be a lightat the end of the tunnel of belief-based models of trust updating, but the interpretation of the clear findings is much lessclear.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xw4g7mv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Momme","middle_name":"","last_name":"von Sydow","name_suffix":"","institution":"LMU Munich","department":""},{"first_name":"Christoph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Merdes","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universitt Erlangen","department":""},{"first_name":"Ulrike","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Birkbeck, University of London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29090/galley/18961/download/"}]},{"pk":28762,"title":"The trajectory of counterfactual simulation in development","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous work has argued that young children do not answercounterfactual questions (e.g. “what would have happened?”)by constructing simulations of alternative possibilities in theway adults do. Here, we propose that children can engage insimulation when answering these questions, but considerdifferent counterfactual possibilities than adults. While mostprevious research has relied on narrative stimuli, we use causalperception events, which are understood even in infancy. InExperiment 1, we replicate earlier findings that childrenstruggle with counterfactual reasoning, but show that they arecapable of conducting the required simulations in a predictiontask. In Experiment 2, we use a novel multiple-choice methodthat allows us to study not only when children get it right, butalso how they get it wrong. We find evidence that 4-year-oldsengage in simulation, but preserve only some features of whatactually happened and not others.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"causality; counterfactual reasoning; perception;child development; multinomial process trees"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zb2f32m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Kominsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tobias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gerstenberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Madeline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pelz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sheskin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Henrik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Frank","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Keil","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28762/galley/18633/download/"}]},{"pk":29280,"title":"The Visual Representation of Abstract Verbs: Merging Verb Classification withIconicity in Sign Language","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Theories like the picture superiority effect prove that visual information is vital in the acquisition of knowledge, suchas in language learning. Words can be graphically represented to illustrate the meaning of a message and facilitate itsunderstanding, but this rarely applies to abstract words. The current research turns to sign languages to explore thecommon semantic elements that link abstract words to each other, pointing towards the possibility of creating clusters oficonic meanings. By using sign language insight and VerbNets organisation of verb predicates, this study presents a novelorganisation of 500 English abstract verbs classified by visual shape. Graphic animation was used to visually represent 20classes of abstract verbs (see on www.vroav.online). An online survey was created to achieve judgements on the graphicvisuals representativeness. Significant agreement between participants suggests a positive way forward for further researchand applications within multimodal communication and computer assisted learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b49n0d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Simone","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scicluna","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Trento","department":""},{"first_name":"Carlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strapparava","name_suffix":"","institution":"FBK-Irst","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29280/galley/19151/download/"}]},{"pk":35939,"title":"The Write Aid for ELLs: The Strategies Bilingual Student Teachers Use to Help Their ELL Students Write Effectively","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many students, especially English language learners (ELLs), struggle when they write. This study examined the various writing strategies 3\nSpanish-speaking bilingual student teachers used to help their elementary school ELL students write. This was a case study that looked at how these student teachers used their primary language, among other writing methods, to help their ELLs access writing strategies so these students could write effective English compositions. The authors used the interviews of student teachers, their lesson plans, and reflective journals to identify the instructional methods these student teachers used with their students. These methods included strategies such as helping their ELL students write their ideas in Spanish and English and using Spanish and English cognates to build students’ word banks. The knowledge from this study is important because it showed how ELLs may benefit when their teachers use the students’ primary language to help them write English compositions.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"bilingualism"},{"word":"writing strategies"},{"word":"K12 ELL classroom instruction"}],"section":"Theme Section - Teaching and Learning","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2532c1qk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anita","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Sunseri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Santa Clara University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"Anne","last_name":"Sunseri","name_suffix":"","institution":"San José State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/35939/galley/26793/download/"}]},{"pk":28833,"title":"Thinking counterfactually supports children’s ability toconduct a controlled test of a hypothesis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Children often fail to control variables when conducting testsof hypotheses, yielding confounded evidence. We propose thatgetting children to think of alternative possibilities throughcounterfactual prompts may scaffold their ability to controlvariables, by engaging them in an imagined intervention that isstructurally similar to controlled actions in scientificexperiments. Findings provide preliminary support for thishypothesis. Seven- to 10-year-olds who were prompted to thinkcounterfactually showed better performance on post-testcontrol of variables tasks than children who were given controlprompts. These results inform debates about the contributionof counterfactual reasoning to scientific reasoning, and suggestthat counterfactual prompts may be useful in science learningcontexts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"cognitive development; scientific reasoning;counterfactual reasoning; causal learning; science education"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qr839xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Angela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nyhout","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Alana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iannuzziello","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Caren","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Walker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Ganea","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28833/galley/18704/download/"}]},{"pk":28913,"title":"Thinking Locally or Globally? – Trying to Overcome the Tragedy\nof Personnel Evaluation with Stories or Selective Information Presentation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Social dilemmas conceptually suggest distinguishing direct\nindividual and group-level effects (also involving indirect\neffects on others). Furthermore, the success of organizations\nappears to rely on identifying not only individual excellence\nbut positive impact on others as well. In ‘Two-Level\nPersonnel Evaluation Tasks’ (T-PETs) participants as human\nresource managers evaluate employees when individual and\ngroup contributions are dissociated. Von Sydow, Braus, &\nHahn (2018) have suggested a potential ‘Tragedy of\nPersonnel Evaluation’: A group-serving employee with the\nsmallest individual contribution but by far the greatest po-\nsitive effect on the group’s overall earnings was often rated\nthe most negatively. Here we investigate, in two experiments\nwith conflicting information, whether emphasizing the group\ncan avert the ‘tragic’ outcome. Our results suggest that the\ntragedy is not as complete as suggested, and that contextual\ninformation can mitigate the tragedy. Nonetheless, the results\nalso corroborate the stability of underestimating the impact of\nteam players.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Co-variation Detection; Inner-Individual Dilemma;\nCo-operation; Multi-Level Approach Simpsons Paradox"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j90c75p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Momme","middle_name":"","last_name":"von Sydow","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Munich","department":""},{"first_name":"Niels","middle_name":"","last_name":"Braus","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Heidelberg","department":""},{"first_name":"Ulrike","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Munich","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28913/galley/18784/download/"}]},{"pk":28756,"title":"Thinking through the implications of neural reuse for the additive factors method","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One method for uncovering the subprocesses of mental\nprocesses is the “Additive Factors Method” (AFM). The AFM\nuses reaction time data from factorial experiments to infer the\npresence of separate processing stages. This paper investigates\nthe conceptual status of the AFM. It argues that one of the\nAFM’s underlying assumptions is problematic in light of\nrecent developments in cognitive neuroscience. Discussion\nbegins by laying out the basic logic of the AFM, followed by\nan analysis of the challenge presented by neural reuse.\nFollowing this, implications are analysed and avenues of\nresponse considered. Keywords: additive factors method;\nseriality assumption; anatomical modularity; neural reuse.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"additive factors method"},{"word":"neural reuse"},{"word":"stage\nmodels"},{"word":"seriality assumption"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qq538bz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"King","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28756/galley/18627/download/"}]},{"pk":28830,"title":"To be or not to be: Examining the role of language in a concept of negation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Negation is a complex, abstract concept, despite the ubiquityof words like “no” and “not” in even young children’s speech.One challenging aspect to words like “no” and “not” is thatthese words can serve many functions in speech, giving ustools to express an array of concepts such as denial, refusal,and nonexistence. Is there a single concept of “negation” thatunites these separate negative functions – and if so, doesunderstanding this concept require the structure of humanlanguage? In this paper we present a study demonstrating thatadults spontaneously identify a concept of negation in theabsence of explicit verbal instructions, even when theexemplars of negation are perceptually varied and representmany different functions of negation. Furthermore, tying upparticipants’ language ability using verbal shadowing impairsparticipants’ ability to identify a concept of negation, but doesnot impair participants’ ability to identify an equally complexcontrol concept (natural kinds). We discuss our findings inlight of theories regarding the representation of negation andthe relationship between language and thought.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"negation; philosophy of language; language andthought"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5927c1fv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ann","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Nordmeyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern New Hampshire University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jill","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"de Villiers","name_suffix":"","institution":"Smith College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28830/galley/18701/download/"}]},{"pk":28615,"title":"To Catch a Snitch: Brain potentials reveal knowledge-based variabilityin the functional organization of (fictional) world knowledge during reading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People vary in what they know, yet models of languageprocessing do not take this variability into account. Weharnessed the temporal sensitivity of event-related brainpotentials alongside individual differences in Harry Potter (HP)knowledge to investigate the extent to which the availabilityand timing of information relevant for real-time wordcomprehension are influenced by variation in degree of domainknowledge. We manipulated meaningful (category, event)relationships between sentence contexts about HP stories andcritical words (endings), assessed via behavioral ratings and bymeasuring similarity of word embeddings derived from a high-dimensional semantic model trained on HP texts. Individuals’ratings were sensitive to these relationships according to thedegree of their domain knowledge. During reading, N400amplitudes (neural measures of semantic retrieval) alsoreflected this variability, suggesting the degree to whichinformation relevant for word understanding is availableduring real-time sentence processing varies as a function ofindividuals’ domain knowledge.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Language Processing"},{"word":"ERPs"},{"word":"Knowledge"},{"word":"individualdifferences"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nv7r4sj","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28615/galley/18486/download/"}]},{"pk":28714,"title":"Toddlers recognize multiple polysemous meanings and use them to infer additionalmeanings","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Up to 80% of words have multiple, related meanings (polysemy), yet work on early word learning has almost uniformlyassumed one-to-one mappings between form and meaning. Using a looking-while-listening procedure, we present thefirst evidence that toddlers (n=40) can recognize multiple meanings for common nouns, e.g., dog collar, shirt collar. In anEnglish-meaning condition, toddlers were tested on their ability to recognize multiple English meanings for polysemouswords such as cap (e.g., a baseball cap and a bottle cap). Another condition prompted toddlers with the same Englishwords (e.g., cap), but target referents instead corresponded to the words polysemous extension in an unfamiliar language,(e.g., lid is a meaning for Spanishs cap, tapa). Toddlers looked to the correct targets above chance on both trial types,but with greater accuracy on English-meaning trials, demonstrating a recognition of familiar word-meaning pairs and anability to infer potential new meanings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7557w34h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sammy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Floyd","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Adele","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Casey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lew-Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28714/galley/18585/download/"}]},{"pk":28905,"title":"Top-down information is more important in noisy situations: Exploring the role ofpragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information in language processing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language processing depends on the integration of bottom-upinformation with top-down cues from several differentsources—primarily our knowledge of the real world, ofdiscourse contexts, and of how language works. Previousstudies have shown that factors pertaining to both the senderand the receiver of the message affect the relative weighting ofsuch information. Here, we suggest another factor that maychange our processing strategies: perceptual noise. Wehypothesize that listeners weight different sources of top-downinformation more in situations of perceptual noise than innoise-free situations. Using a sentence-picture matchingexperiment with four forced-choice alternatives, we show thatdegrading the speech input with noise compels the listeners torely more on top-down information in processing. We discussour results in light of previous findings in the literature,highlighting the need for a unified model of spoken languagecomprehension in different ecologically valid situations,including under noisy conditions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"sentence processing; perceptual noise; pragmaticcontext; real-world semantics; rational inference."}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m09d4w7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fabio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trecca","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tylén","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Riccardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fusaroli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Christer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johansson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bergen","department":""},{"first_name":"Morten","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Christiansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28905/galley/18776/download/"}]},{"pk":28888,"title":"To Teach Better, Learn First","subtitle":null,"abstract":"There has been little cross-fertilization between research on ac-tive learning and teaching, despite extensive conceptual simi-larities. The current study aims to bridge the gap by show-ing that engaging in active learning can influence subsequentteaching performance. In a one-dimensional boundary teach-ing task, participants who first took the role of an active learnerwent on to become better teachers than participants who didnot. In order to disentangle the effect of active selection ofsamples from their information content, the performance ofactive learners was compared to that of yoked passive learn-ers. While prior passive learning also significantly boostedteaching performance, it did so to a lesser extent. However, inpaired comparisons, teachers with active learning experiencedid not differ significantly from their yoked-passive learningcounterparts. Based on the current results we cannot arguefor a teaching benefit specific to active learning as opposed toa more general improvement caused by experiencing the taskfrom the learner’s perspective. However, we suggest that thisis a promising line of inquiry using more complex learning andteaching tasks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"teaching; active learning; evidence selection"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f54n5zw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Oana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stanciu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mate","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lengyel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Cambridge","department":""},{"first_name":"Jozse","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fiser","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28888/galley/18759/download/"}]},{"pk":28570,"title":"Toward a Formal Science of Heuristics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Ecological rationality; one-reason heuristics; for-mal science of heuristics; Take The Best heuristic"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27m4k0rz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ardavan","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Nobandegani","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Shultz","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28570/galley/18441/download/"}]},{"pk":28610,"title":"Towards a neural-level cognitive architecture: modeling behavior in workingmemory tasks with neurons","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Constrained by results from classic behavioral experiments weprovide a neural-level cognitive architecture for modeling be-havior in working memory tasks. We propose a canonicalmicrocircuit that can be used as a building block for work-ing memory, decision making and cognitive control. The con-troller controls gates to route the flow of information betweenthe working memory and the evidence accumulator and setsparameters of the circuits. We show that this type of cognitivearchitecture can account for results in behavioral experimentssuch as judgment of recency, probe recognition and delayed-match-to-sample. In addition, the neural dynamics generatedby the cognitive architecture provides a good match with neu-rophysiological data from rodents and monkeys. For instance,it generates cells tuned to a particular amount of elapsed time(time cells), to a particular position in space (place cells) andto a particular amount of accumulated evidence.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive architecture; Neural-level modeling;Working memory; Cognitive control; Decision making; Judg-ment of recency; Probe recognition; Delayed-match-to-sample"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qq7v9kc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zoran","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tiganj","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathanael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cruzado","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Howard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28610/galley/18481/download/"}]},{"pk":28637,"title":"Towards a space of contextual effects on choice behavior: Insights from the driftdiffusion model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Choice behavior can be influenced by many different types of incidental contextual effects, including those pertaining topresentation format, emotion, social belief, and cognitive capacity. Many of these contextual effects form the basis ofnudges, used by academics and practitioners to shape choice. In this paper, we use data from a very large-scale choiceexperiment to uncover a space of contextual effects. We construct this space by analyzing fifteen contextual effects usingthe parameters of the drift diffusion model (DDM). DDM is a quantitative theory of decision making whose parametersoffer a theoretically compelling characterization of the cognitive underpinnings of choice behavior. By representing a largenumber of contextual effects in terms of how they influence the parameters of the DDM, our space is able to preciselymeasure, quantify, and compare the contextual effects, and interpret these effects in terms of their behavioral, mechanistic,and statistical implications.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4912t8qb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wenjia","middle_name":"Joyce","last_name":"Zhao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Aoife","middle_name":"","last_name":"Coady","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Sudeep","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bhatia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28637/galley/18508/download/"}]},{"pk":29151,"title":"Towards building AI Life-coach agent for honing creativity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"World Economic Forum report predicts that 35% of the skills needed to navigate the world of work will have changed by2020. By 2020, creativity will be the third most sought-after skill, behind complex problem solving and critical thinking.Creative skills are future-proof, in that they cannot be Automated. Art and creativity are essentially what makes us humanand this is being backed up by research. (Elaine Rumbol) How do you hone creativity? This seems to be an open question.The present study aims to build an architecture for AI agent(life-coach) that incorporates the latest research on creativityand guides the user based on the users personality traits, context, emotions, mood and cognitive load. The agent will detectthe users emotional valance & Motivational Intensity which in turn will influence the attention focus (Broaden the mind(for free floating ideas) or result in narrow focus (linear, step by step goal attainment)). Toward this aim, we plan to run aseries of tests for gathering user feedback. Design of the tests are underway.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q40w9nm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amarnath","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dasaka","name_suffix":"","institution":"IIIT hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Preeti","middle_name":"","last_name":"S.","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""},{"first_name":"Bapiraju","middle_name":"","last_name":"Surampudi","name_suffix":"","institution":"IIIT hyderabad","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29151/galley/19022/download/"}]},{"pk":28433,"title":"Towards emotion based music generation: A tonal tension modelbased on the spiral array","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Tension; Tonal tension"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"Computationalmodelling; Music and emotion; Music structure"}],"section":"Publication-based Talks","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1503n3d5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dorien","middle_name":"","last_name":"Herremans","name_suffix":"","institution":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","department":""},{"first_name":"Elaine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chew","name_suffix":"","institution":"Queen Mary University of London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28433/galley/18304/download/"}]},{"pk":28848,"title":"Tracking the wandering mind: Memory, mouse movementsand decision making styles","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Mind wandering involves internally focused attention, and isoften conceptualized as the opposite of external attention thatis oriented towards the task at hand. Individuals vary ac-cording to the amount they mind wander as well as with re-gards to the pattern of oscillations between mind wanderingthoughts and externally directed, focused thought. Assumingthat mind wandering is influenced by episodic contents, we ex-plore the proposition that mind wandering frequency is relatedto the manner in which individuals deal with the contents ofepisodic memory, as reflected by a maximizing decision mak-ing style. Based on previous studies measuring cognitive pro-cesses, we assume that mouse trajectories towards a particu-lar response on the screen are continuously updated by time-dependent and temporally-dynamic cognitive processes. Asa behavioral methodology, mouse tracking provides potentialcues to help predict mind wandering. In our experiment, a to-tal of 274 students completed a decision making questionnaire,episodic and associative memory tests (during which mousemovements were recorded) and a working memory task, dur-ing which mind wandering thoughts were assessed. We foundcertain mouse movement characteristics to be significantly pre-dictive of mind wandering. Also, a maximizing decision mak-ing style appeared to be related to a particular type of mindwandering, namely, task-related interference.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"mind wandering; episodic memory; mouse-tracking; decisionmaking; maximizing"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bq4q6w3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mariana","middle_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Dias da Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Postma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28848/galley/18719/download/"}]},{"pk":28652,"title":"Transferability of calibration training between knowledge domains","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many industry professionals are poorly calibrated, overestimatingtheir ability to make accurate forecasts. Previous research hasdemonstrated that an individual’s calibration in a specific domaincan be improved through calibration training in that domain;however devising a training program for each specific domainwithin a field is laborious. A more efficient method would be ifindividuals from different disciplines could undertake the samegeneral training and transfer the skills learnt to their respective,specific domains. This study investigated whether calibrationtraining in a general domain was transferable to the specificdomain of petroleum engineering. The results showed that, whilstthe feedback training was effective within the general domain,there was only limited transfer to the specific domain. This isargued to be due to recognition failure, where the participantsfailed to recognise that the skill learnt through training in thegeneral domain could be transferred to the specific domain.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"calibration; overconfidence; training; skilltransfer."}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t13h8bn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Babadimas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Adelaide","department":""},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boras","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Adelaide","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rendoulis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Adelaide","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Welsh","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Adelaide","department":""},{"first_name":"Steve","middle_name":"","last_name":"Begg","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Adelaide","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28652/galley/18523/download/"}]},{"pk":28660,"title":"Translation Tolerance in Vision","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A fundamental challenge in object recognition is torecognize an image when it is projected across differentretinal locations, an ability known as translation tolerance.Although the human visual system can overcome thischallenge, the mechanisms responsible remain largelyunexplained. The ‘trained-tolerance’ approach holds thatan object must be experienced across different retinallocations to achieve translation tolerance. Previous studieshave supported this approach by showing that the visualsystem struggles to generalize recognition of novelobjects to translations as small as 2° of visual angle. Thepresent paper outlines a series of eyetracking studies thatshow novel objects can be recognized at translations as faras 18° from the trained retinal location, challenging thestandard account of translation tolerance in neuroscienceand psychology.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Translation Tolerance; Translation Invariance;Object Recognition; Vision"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xk0w176","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28660/galley/18531/download/"}]},{"pk":28517,"title":"Tuning to Multiple Statistics:Second Language Processing of Multiword Sequences across Registers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A substantial body of research has demonstrated that childrenand adults (both native and non-native speakers) are sensitiveto the statistics of multiword sequences (MWS) and rely onknowledge of such statistics to facilitate their language pro-cessing and boost their acquisition. However, this researchwas primarily aimed at determining whether and to what ex-tent speakers can develop sensitivity to MWS statistics of asingle type of linguistic input: that of spoken language. Re-cently, there has been a growing awareness of the key role ofwritten input in the development of linguistic knowledge, as itprovides a source of substantial change in the statistics of anindividual’s language experience. The present study reports ona series of experiments designed to determine whether secondlanguage learners of English are able to develop sensitivity todistributional statistics of MWS inherent in different (register-specific) input types.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"life-long learning; multiword sequences; secondlanguage processing; statistical learning"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dv3925n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kerz","name_suffix":"","institution":"RWTH Aachen University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wiechmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Amsterdam","department":""},{"first_name":"Morten","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Christiansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28517/galley/18388/download/"}]},{"pk":28763,"title":"Uncertain evidence statements and guilt perceptionin iterative reproductions of crime stories","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Transmission of information by means of language is a po-tentially lossy process. Especially adjunct information, suchas the graded degree of evidence, is a piece of informationthat seems prima facie likely to be distorted by reproductionnoise. To investigate this issue, we present the results of a two-step iterated narration study: first, we collected a corpus of250 crime story reproductions that were produced in parallelreproduction chains of 5 generations in depth, for 5 differentseed stories; a second separate large-scale experiment then tar-geted readers’ interpretation of these reproductions. Crucially,strength of evidence for the guilt of each story’s suspect(s)was manipulated in the initial seed stories. Across genera-tions, readers’ guilt perceptions decreased when the evidencewas originally strong, but remained stable when evidence wasoriginally weak. Analysis of linguistic measures revealed thatdissimilarity between a seed story and its reproduction, storylength, and amount of hedging language affected the readers’own guilt perception and the readers’ attribution of guilt per-ception to the author differently. The results provide evidencethat evidential information indeed influences guilt perceptionin complex ways.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"experimental pragmatics; iterated narration; trans-mission chains; uncertain evidence"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v21w7sj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kreiss","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Franke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Osnabrück","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"","last_name":"Degen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28763/galley/18634/download/"}]},{"pk":28543,"title":"Unconscious Number Discrimination in the Human Visual System","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How do humans compute approximate number? According to one influential theory, approximate number representationsarise in the intraparietal sulcus and are amodal (independent of any sensory modality). Alternatively, approximate numbermay be computed initially within sensory systems. We tested for approximate number representations in the visual systemusing steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). We recorded EEG from human subjects while they viewed dotcloudspresented at 30 Hz. Alternating the dotcloud numerosity at 15 Hz evoked a 15 Hz SSVEP detectable over the occipital lobe(Oz). The SSVEP amplitude increased as the numerical difference between dotclouds increased, indicating that subjectsvisual systems were differentiating dotclouds on the basis of their numerical ratios. Critically, subjects were unable toconsciously discriminate dotcloud numerosity, indicating the rapid presentation disrupted reentrant feedback to visualcortex. Approximate number appears to be computed within the visual system, independently of higher-order areas suchas the intraparietal sulcus.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59b0j708","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Che","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lucero","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Geoffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brookshire","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Roberto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bottini","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Trento","department":""},{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldin-Meadow","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Edward","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vogel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Casasanto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28543/galley/18414/download/"}]},{"pk":28626,"title":"Under pressure: The influence of time limits on human exploration","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How does time pressure influence attitudes towards uncer-tainty? When time is limited, do people engage in differentexploration strategies? We study human exploration in a rangeof four-armed bandit tasks with different reward distributionsand manipulate the available time for each decision (limitedvs. unlimited). Through multiple behavioral and model-basedanalyses, we show that reactions towards uncertainty are influ-enced by time pressure. Specifically, participants seek out un-certain options when time is unlimited, but avoid uncertaintyunder time pressure. Moreover, larger relative differences inuncertainty between options slowed down reaction times anddampened the drift rate of a linear ballistic accumulator model.These results shed new light on the differential effect of uncer-tainty and time pressure on human exploration.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Exploration-exploitation; Uncertainty; Time Pres-sure; Directed Exploration; Multi-armed Bandits"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mc9b380","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Charley","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kimberly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gerbaulet","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Pleskac","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Maarten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Speekenbrink","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28626/galley/18497/download/"}]},{"pk":29100,"title":"Understanding Human Memory for Where Using Experience Sampling Data","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We examined how people remember ’where’ a certain event happened given the time and date of the event (i.e., memoryfor where). We especially focused on the kinds of information people use when trying to retrieve their memory for where.In order to increase ecological validity, we used experience sampling technology. In the task, participants watched a videothat depicted a 3rd person’s life for a month period, which was generated by using the 3rd person’s experience samplingdata. Then, participants were cued with a certain time and were asked where the person was at that time as well as howconfident they were with their response. Using a conditional logit model, we found that, temporal and spatial distanceswere the main predictors of participants’ choice. We also found that generic knowledge about one’s life and repeatingevents (or locations) also affect participants retrieval of memory for where.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x16s1wk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hyungwook","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yim","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Bree","middle_name":"Wan Rong","last_name":"Ong","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stone","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Simon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dennis","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29100/galley/18971/download/"}]},{"pk":28993,"title":"Understanding Individual Differences in Eye Movement Pattern During ScenePerception through Co-Clustering of Hidden Markov Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Here we combined the Eye Movement analysis with Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM) method with the data miningtechnique co-clustering to discover participant groups with consistent eye movement patterns across stimuli during sceneperception. We discovered explorative (switching between foreground and background information) and focused (mainlyon foreground) eye movement strategy groups among Asian participants. In contrast to previous research suggesting acultural difference where Asians adopted explorative and Caucasians used focused eye movement strategies, we foundthat explorative patterns were associated with better foreground object recognition performance whereas focused patternswere associated with better feature integration in the flanker task and higher preference rating of the scenes. In addition,images with a salient foreground object relative to the background induced larger individual differences in eye movements.Thus, eye movements in scene perception not only contribute to scene recognition performance, but also reflects individualdifferences in cognitive ability and scene preference.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09j446td","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Kin","middle_name":"Yan","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuefeng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Du","name_suffix":"","institution":"City University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Antoni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"City University of Hong Kong","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28993/galley/18864/download/"}]},{"pk":28425,"title":"Understanding interactions amongst cognitive control, learning and representation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dk0g95w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Musslick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Abigail","middle_name":"Hoskin","last_name":"Novick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Taylor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Webb","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frankland","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cohen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Jackson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cambridge University","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Lambon Ralph","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cambridge University","department":""},{"first_name":"Lang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Rogers","name_suffix":"","institution":"UW-Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28425/galley/18296/download/"}]},{"pk":28727,"title":"Understanding language about other peoples actions.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When people understand language about their own actions they activate premotor regions they use to perform these actions.Do people understand language about other peoples actions by imagining how they perform these actions themselves, orhow they perceive others performing them? Here, we recorded BOLD fMRI while left- and right-handers read about andthen imagined their own unimanual actions (e.g. you write) or others actions (e.g. she writes). When imagining theirown manual actions, participants preferentially activated PMC circuits controlling their dominant hand. By contrast, whenimagining others actions, participants PMC activity reflected both how they perform actions themselves and how theytypically see actions performed by right-handers (about 90% of people they see). Language-induced motor imagery forour own actions reflects how we use our own bodies, whereas imagery for others actions also reflects how others use theirbodies, even if their bodies differ from our own.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d75z20d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gijssels","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Marianna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Che","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lucero","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Berman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Casasanto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28727/galley/18598/download/"}]},{"pk":29088,"title":"Understanding the design neurocognition of industrial designers when designingand problem-solving.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results from an experiment to determine brain activation differences between problem-solving anddesigning of industrial designers. The study adopted and extended the tasks described in a previous fMRI study of designcognition and measured brain activation using EEG. The experiment consists of 4 tasks: problem-solving, basic designand open design tasks using a tangible interface and sketching. By taking advantage of EEG’s temporal resolution wefocus on time-related neural responses during problem-solving compared to design tasks. Statistical analyses indicateincreased activation when designing compared to problem-solving. Results of time-related neural responses connected toBrodmann areas cognitive functions, contribute to a better understanding of industrial designers’ cognition. The study ispart of a research project whose goal is to correlate design cognition with brain behavior across design domains. Bring-ing neuroscience methods to design research is contributing to a better understanding of the emergent field of designneurocognition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g31c8zn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sonia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vieira","name_suffix":"","institution":"Faculty of Engineering University of Porto","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gero","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Delmoral","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Porto","department":""},{"first_name":"Valentin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gattol","name_suffix":"","institution":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH","department":""},{"first_name":"Carlos","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fernandes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Porto","department":""},{"first_name":"Marco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Parente","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Porto","department":""},{"first_name":"Antnio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fernandes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Porto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29088/galley/18959/download/"}]},{"pk":35940,"title":"Understanding US Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of International Teaching Assistants","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this mixed-method study was to better understand undergraduate students’ perceptions of international teaching assistants (ITAs) at a major research institution. Data collected through surveying a sample of 436 undergraduate students from different colleges and at different class levels were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Undergraduate students’ perceptions of ITAs were derived through qualitative analysis of the open-ended survey data, which resulted in themes both established in previous research (e.g., language) and original ideas. For example, one perception identified was the connection of language to pedagogic difficulties, while another perception focused on the interactive construct of communication. Further, students who indicated that they did not have problems with ITAs were less likely to articulate perceptions that were relational, whereas students who did report having a problem with ITAs articulated perceptions that involved an interaction (communication and language as a barrier interfering with pedagogic performance of ITAs).","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"International Teaching Assistants"},{"word":"undergraduate student perceptions"},{"word":"mixed-methods research"}],"section":"Theme Section - Teaching and Learning","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fr339sv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Asma","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Khan","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Fullerton","department":""},{"first_name":"Marla","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mallette","name_suffix":"","institution":"Binghamton University, State University of New York","department":"Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/35940/galley/26794/download/"}]},{"pk":28527,"title":"Unexpectedness makes a sociolinguistic variant easier to learn: Analien-language-learning experiment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We report two artificial-language-learning experimentsinvestigating if the acquisition of sociolinguistic associations isfacilitated by two kinds of expectation violation: encounteringa variant (a) for the first time or (b) in an ungrammaticalcontext. Participants learned an artificial language with twodialects, each spoken by one of two alien species: Gulusand Norls. The two dialects differed with regard to a pluralsuffix: Gulus mostly used -dup, and Norls mostly used -nup.In the first learning phase, participants learned the languagewithout aliens; in the second learning phase, they wereexposed to it with alien interlocutors. In Experiment 1 wemanipulated whether -nup occurred in the first learning phase;in Experiment 2 we manipulated linguistic constraints on itsoccurrence. The acquisition of sociolinguistic association wasevaluated by asking participants to select suffixes given aliensand vice versa. We found that sociolinguistic acquisitionwas facilitated in Experiment 1, but not Experiment 2. InExperiment 2, however, a post hoc analysis revealed thatparticipants who had learned the grammatical context of thelinguistic conditioning did experience facilitation, while thosewho had not did not. Our results provide laboratory evidencethat unexpectedness facilitates the learning of sociolinguisticvariation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"artificial-language learning; social meaning;sociolinguistics; salience; surprisal"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bc84104","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"P ́eter","middle_name":"","last_name":"R ́acz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gareth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28527/galley/18398/download/"}]},{"pk":28541,"title":"Unflinching Predictions: Anticipatory Crossmodal Interactions are Unaffected bythe Current Hand Posture","subtitle":null,"abstract":"According to theories of anticipatory behavior control, actionplanning and control is realized by activating desired goalstates. From an event-predictive perspective, this activationshould focus sensorimotor processing on expected, upcomingevent boundaries. Previous studies have shown that periper-sonal hand space (PPHS) is remapped to the future hand lo-cation in a grasping task before the movement commences.Here, we investigated if the current hand posture interfereswith the anticipatory remapping of PPHS. Participants had tograsp virtual bottles from two differently oriented starting pos-tures. During the prehension, they received a vibrotactile stim-ulus on their right index finger or on their thumb, while a vi-sual stimulus appeared at the bottle, either matching the futurefinger position, or not. Participants had to name the stimu-lated finger. While the hand posture affected verbal responsetimes, the anticipatory remapping remained unchanged. Ap-parently, the predictive processes that realize the anticipatoryremapping, generalize over initial hand postures.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Event Predictive Cognition; Anticipatory Behav-ioral Control; Peripersonal Space; Virtual Reality"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bv9z4qh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Johannes","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lohmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tubingen","department":""},{"first_name":"Martin","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Butz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tubingen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28541/galley/18412/download/"}]},{"pk":28860,"title":"Unknitting the Meshwork:Interactivity, Serendipity and Individual Differences in a Word Production Task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Creative ideas emerge from a meshwork of dynamic elements.Resources internal and external to the agent configure a cognitiveecosystem that scaffolds performance. In addition, capitalizing onfortuitous external cues may trigger new ideas. We examined theseelements to determine how they come into play during a simpleword production task. Participants were video recorded as theygenerated new words from 7 letter tiles in three differentenvironments (i) high interactivity where the titles could be movedat will (ii) low interactivity where they could not, and (iii) lowinteractivity where the order of the tiles could be shuffled but onceshuffled no additional actions were allowed. Overall, interactivityhad a marginally positive impact on performance, whileindependent measures of participants’ verbal fluency were strongpredictors of performance in all environments. Based on a detailedcoding of the video data, a finer-grained analysis of behaviour in thehigh interactivity condition revealed that the time participants spentmanipulating the tiles was a significant predictor of performance.The video data also allowed us to measure the average latency to theproduction of a new word after shuffling the letters in the lowinteractivity condition as an index of how ‘lucky’ the reset was:Shorter average latencies were a significant predictor of overallword production. These data indicate that interactivity, serendipity,and internal cognitive resources determine problem-solvingperformance in this task.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Creativity; interactivity; serendipity; cognitive ecosystem."}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08x0068k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wendy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ross","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kingston University","department":""},{"first_name":"Frédéric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vallée-Tourangeau","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kingston University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28860/galley/18731/download/"}]},{"pk":29186,"title":"Untangling indices of emotion in music using neural networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Emotion and music are intrinsically connected, and researchers have had limited success in employing computationalmodels to predict perceived emotion in music. Here, we use computational dimension reduction techniques to discovermeaningful representations of music. For static emotion prediction, i.e., predicting one valence/arousal value for each 45smusical excerpt, we explore the use of triplet neural networks for discovering a representation that differentiates emotionsmore effectively. This reduced representation is then used in a classification model, which outperforms the original modeltrained on raw audio. For dynamic emotion prediction, i.e., predicting one valence/arousal value every 500ms, we examinehow meaningful representations can be learned through a variational autoencoder (a state-of-the-art architecture effectivein untangling information-rich structures in noisy signals). Although vastly reduced in dimensionality, our model achievesstate-of-the-art performance for emotion prediction accuracy. This approach enables us to identify which features underlieemotion content in music.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5df0c70b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dorien","middle_name":"","last_name":"Herremans","name_suffix":"","institution":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","department":""},{"first_name":"Kin","middle_name":"Wai","last_name":"Cheuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","department":""},{"first_name":"Yin-Jyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","department":""},{"first_name":"Kat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Agres","name_suffix":"","institution":"A*STAR, Singapore","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29186/galley/19057/download/"}]},{"pk":28901,"title":"Using Big Data to Understand Memory and Future Thinking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Imagining the future and remembering the past both involve\nmental time travel. This commonality could indicate shared\nmental processes, as held by the Constructive Episodic\nSimulation Hypothesis (Schacter & Addis, 2008), or else\ninteractive processes that complement one another, a\npossibility we call the Complementarity Hypothesis.\nAccording to the Complementarity Hypothesis, future thoughts\nare constructed from schemas making them episodically poor,\nwhereas past thoughts are constructed from schemas and direct\nretrieval of memory traces, making them relatively\nepisodically rich. We tested these hypotheses using machine\nlearning to data mine mental operations in language, much as\na geologist can recover physical processes from the geological\nrecord. People’s natural, unprompted talk on web blogs was\nautomatically analyzed for past, present, and future references\nusing a temporal orientation classifier. In Study 1, we found\nthat perceptual details were mentioned more often in past than\nfuture talk, implying greater use of episodic processing in past\nthan future thinking. In Study 2, a neural network using\nschemas generated from Latent Dirichlet Allocation better\npredicted the content of references to the future than the past,\nimplying that constructive processes are more common in\nfuture than past thinking. In Study 3, we used the results from\nthe two prior studies to construct an episodic-by-constructive\nprocess space. We adapted techniques from fMRI analysis to\nanalyze this space for clusters of activity, as if the frequency of\npast and future thinking were BOLD responses in cortical\nspace. We found that past and future thinking occupy highly\nseparable regions of processing space, supporting the\nComplementarity Hypothesis.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Prospection; Memory; Future Thinking; Big\nData; Naturally Occurring Datasets"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fq047v4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thorstad","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""},{"first_name":"Phillip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wolff","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28901/galley/18772/download/"}]},{"pk":28890,"title":"Using eye gaze data to examine the flexibility of resource allocation in visual\nworking memory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Computational models of visual working memory (VWM)\ngenerally fall into two categories: slots-based models and\nresources-based models. Slots-based models theorise that the\ncapacity of memory is defined by a finite number of items.\nEach slot can only contain one item and once an item is in\nmemory it is remembered accurately. If an item is not in\nmemory, however, there is no memory of the item at all. By\ncontrast, resources-based models claim that all items, rather\nthan just a few enter memory. However, unlike the slots model\nthey are not necessarily remembered accurately. On the\nsurface, these models appear to make distinct predictions.\nHowever, as these models have been developed and expanded\nto capture empirical data, they have begun to mimic each other.\nFurther complicating matters, Donkin, Kary, Tahir and Taylor\n(2016) proposed that observers were capable of using either\nslot- or resource-based encoding strategies. In the current\nexperiment, we aimed to test the claim that observers adapt\ntheir encoding strategies depending on the task environment by\nobserving how participants move their eyes in a VWM\nexperiment. We ran participants on a standard colour recall task\n(Zhang and Luck, 2008) while tracking their eye movements.\nAll participants were asked to remember either 3 or 6 items in\na given trial, and we manipulated whether the number of items\nwas held constant for a block of trials, or varied randomly. We\nexpected to see participants use more resource-like encoding\nwhen the number of items to remember was predictable.\nContrary to these expectations, we observed no difference\nbetween blocked and unblocked conditions. Further, the eye\ngaze data was only very weakly related to behaviour in the task.\nWe conclude that caution should be taken in interpreting eye\ngaze data in VWM experiments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"visual working memory; eye gaze; hierarchical\nmodelling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw253t1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edmond","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stewart","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Donkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Mike","middle_name":"","last_name":"Le Pelley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28890/galley/18761/download/"}]},{"pk":29111,"title":"Using Eye Tracking to Examine Morphological Features and Working MemoryCapacity in Agreement Processing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Morphosyntactic agreement refers to a head-dependent relation where similar features are shared between syntactic con-stituents. Several grammatical features are expressed in agreement relations through different manifestations of exponence(e.g. separative and cumulative). Whereas prior research has largely examined features in separative exponence (e.g. gen-der and number), this study investigates differences in the on-line processing of features in cumulative exponence. Usingeye tracking, we investigated differences between second language (L2) learner processing of person, number, and tensefeatures in Spanish verbal agreement. We also examined the effect of working memory capacity (WMC) on learnerson-line processing of these same features. The results of our linear mixed effects model indicated learners had greaterperturbation in processing person and tense agreement violations compared to number agreement violations. The resultsalso revealed that learners with higher WMC demonstrated less perturbation to agreement violations of each feature typethan learners with lower WMC.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k94b1xm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arnold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham Young University","department":""},{"first_name":"Deryle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lonsdale","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham Young University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29111/galley/18982/download/"}]},{"pk":29279,"title":"Using eye-tracking to examine the role of fluency in the number line placementtask","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The number line placement task, in which individuals are presented with a target number and mark where it would belocated along a number line, has played an important role in the investigation of numerical cognition. However, recentwork suggests that different factors may influence performance on the task, making it a poor proxy for mental represen-tation of number. In this study, adults completed a computer-based number line placement task with either standard ornon-standard endpoints. Consistent with previous research, responses in the standard condition were best fit by a linearmodel, while responses in the non-standard condition were best fit by a logarithmic model. In addition, eye-trackingdata revealed different looking patterns between conditions, including greater fixations on and more frequent alternationbetween endpoints in the non-standard condition and a leftward bias in the standard condition. This behavior may reflectdifferences in number familiarity and strategy use.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gz9b8fg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samantha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schwarz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Susquehanna University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Asmuth","name_suffix":"","institution":"Susquehanna University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29279/galley/19150/download/"}]},{"pk":29128,"title":"Using Graph Theory to Understand the Structure of Event Knowledge in Memory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"There are several competing theories regarding how event knowledge is represented in the mind, ranging from a strictlytemporally ordered list of activities to sets of connected scenes which may themselves consist of ordered activities. Weemployed a network science approach to provide data-driven insight into event structure. We converted sets of humangenerated activity sequences, in which roughly 25 participants list up to 12 activities for 81 different events (making asandwich, cleaning the house, taking money out of an ATM, etc.), into directed, weighted networks. Analyses of the eventnetworks revealed a complex and varied temporal structure to events. In addition, we were able to identify scenes withinevents, and use graph theory to understand activity centrality, popularity, and influence, as well as the coupling betweenthese activity characteristics. In the aggregate, we find that network science makes multiple data-driven, empiricallytestable predictions about event structure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hb2p671","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nickolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Christidis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Elman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Ken","middle_name":"","last_name":"McRae","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29128/galley/18999/download/"}]},{"pk":29214,"title":"Using interpersonal movement coordination to investigate gender differences inadults with autism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When individuals engage in social interactions, they coordinate their nonverbal movements. Atypical movement coordi-nation may contribute to social difficulties in autism. Further, distinct gender differences have been found in autism: malesshow reduced socio-communicative behaviours relative to females. Here, we explored whether interpersonal movementcoordination differs between males and females with autism, compared to neurotypical (NT) adults. Thirteen adults withautism participated. Twenty-six NT controls are currently being tested. Participants complete a semi-structured interviewwhile being video-recorded. Coordination between participant and examiner is measured using a video-based movementanalysis. Females with autism demonstrated significantly greater movement coordination with their conversational partner,within a smaller range, than males. Given past findings, we expect that coordination differences between autistic and NTmales will be greater than between autistic and NT females. These preliminary results suggest that investigating movementcoordination during interaction may provide a tool for better understanding gender differences in ASD.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cx8n6b1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nida","middle_name":"","last_name":"Latif","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Cynthia","middle_name":"Di","last_name":"Francesco","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Aparna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nadig","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29214/galley/19085/download/"}]},{"pk":28977,"title":"Using Known Words to Learn More Words: A Distributional Analysis of ChildVocabulary Development","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why do children learn some words before others? Understanding individual variability across children and also variabilityacross words, may be informative of the learning processes that underlie language learning. We investigated item-basedvariability in vocabulary development using lexical properties of distributional statistics derived from a large corpus ofchild-directed speech. Unlike previous analyses, we predicted word trajectories cross-sectionally, shedding light on trendsin vocabulary development that may not have been evident at a single time point. We also show that whether one looksat a single age group or across ages as a whole, the best distributional predictor is whether a child knows a word is thenumber of other known words with which that that word tends to co-occur.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kt3s695","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Flores","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Montag","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","department":""},{"first_name":"Jon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Willits","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28977/galley/18848/download/"}]},{"pk":29313,"title":"Using low-level sensory mechanism to bootstrap high order thinking in EFLreading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The goal of the study was to compare potential changes in architecture when different set sizes were manipulated as afunction of age difference and reading group difference in the Visual Search Task in Coglab. Based on the RT performanceof Chinese EFLs aged 11 15 years old in feature and conjunction search when target was absent/present across threedifferent set sizes (display size 4, 16 & 64), we conducted tests for architecture, stopping rule and dependency in visualsearch between typical and poor readers. What we are interested in are as follows: First, how a parallel/serial mentalarchitecture in visual search might be predicted by both item features and person characteristics; and second, if stoppingrule in target absent search is self-terminating/ exhaustive in nature. The aim of the study was to find cognitive behaviourthat would accommodate developmental deficiency in EFL reading.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vz1z392","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"HingYi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Duo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Zi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yan","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29313/galley/19184/download/"}]},{"pk":28644,"title":"Using Machine Learning to Guide Cognitive Modeling:A Case Study in Moral Reasoning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Large-scale behavioral datasets enable researchers to use com-plex machine learning algorithms to better predict human be-havior, yet this increased predictive power does not always leadto a better understanding of the behavior in question. In thispaper, we outline a data-driven, iterative procedure that allowscognitive scientists to use machine learning to generate mod-els that are both interpretable and accurate. We demonstratethis method in the domain of moral decision-making, wherestandard experimental approaches often identify relevant prin-ciples that influence human judgments, but fail to generalizethese findings to “real world” situations that place these prin-ciples in conflict. The recently released Moral Machine datasetallows us to build a powerful model that can predict the out-comes of these conflicts while remaining simple enough to ex-plain the basis behind human decisions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"machine learning; moral psychology"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bs9d2xg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mayank","middle_name":"","last_name":"Agrawal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Peterson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28644/galley/18515/download/"}]},{"pk":29288,"title":"Using Occam’s razor and Bayesian modelling to compare discrete and continuousrepresentations in numerostiy judgements","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous research has suggested that numerosity judgements are based not just on perceptual data but also past experi-ence, and so may be influenced by the form of this stored information. The representation of such experience is unclear,however: numerical data can be represented by either continuous or discrete systems, each predicting different general-isation effects. This study therefore contrasts discrete and continuous prior formats within numerical estimation usingboth direct comparisons of computational models using these representations and empirical contrasts exploiting differentpredicted reactions of these formats to uncertainty via Occam’s razor. Both computational and empirical results indicatethat numeroisty judgements rely on a continuous prior format, mirroring the analogue approximate number system, ornumber sense. This implies a preference for the use of continuous numerical representations even where both stimuli andresponses are discrete, with learners seemingly relying on innate number systems rather than symbolic forms acquired inlater life.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9710jf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jake","middle_name":"","last_name":"Spicer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sanborn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Ulrik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Beierholm","name_suffix":"","institution":"Durham University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29288/galley/19159/download/"}]},{"pk":28406,"title":"Using replication studies to teach research methods in cognitive science","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"pedagogy; replication; research methods;education"}],"section":"Workshops","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07w8v01b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"de Leeuw","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vassar College","department":""},{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Andrews","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vassar College","department":""},{"first_name":"Ken","middle_name":"","last_name":"Livingston","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vassar College","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Franke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Osnabrück","department":""},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hartshorne","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston College","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hawkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wagge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Avila University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28406/galley/18277/download/"}]},{"pk":28679,"title":"Using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to modulate the faceinversion effect on the N170 ERP component.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we combined tDCS and EEG to examine theelectrophysiological responses to the tDCS-induced effects onthe face inversion effect showed in recent studies. A double-blindprocedure with a between-subjects design (n=48) was used withthe subjects, recruited from the student population, beingrandomly assigned to either tDCS anodal or sham condition. ThetDCS stimulation was delivered over the DLPFC at Fp3 site for10 min at an intensity of 1.5mA while subjects engaged in anold/new recognition task traditionally used to obtain theinversion effect. The behavioural results generally confirmedprevious findings. Critically, the results from the N170 show aneffect of tDCS. Specifically, the tDCS procedure was able tomodulate the N170 peak component by reducing the inversioneffect on the latencies (i.e. less delay between upright andinverted faces) and by increasing the inversion effect on theamplitudes (i.e. larger N170 for inverted vs upright faces). Weinterpret the results based on the previous literature in regard tothe inversion effect on the N170 component.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Inversion effect; tDCS; N170"},{"word":"Perceptual learning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dd0r77d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ciro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Civile","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""},{"first_name":"Brad","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wooster","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Curtis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"McLaren","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""},{"first_name":"I.P.L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"McLaren","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""},{"first_name":"Aureliu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lavric","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Exeter","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28679/galley/18550/download/"}]},{"pk":28896,"title":"Utilizing eye-tracking to explain variation in response to inconsistent message onbelief change in false rumor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Exposure to Inconsistent message has been demonstrated as auseful method to alleviate belief in false rumor. However, thedata from previous research included unexplained variation inresponse to inconsistent message. Existing research alsoincluded the possibility that participants skipped out onreading and therefore they were not exposed to a message.We used an eye tracker to eliminate the possibility. Eyetracking data revealed that participants not only did not skipbut they paid more visual attention to inconsistent messagescomparing with consistent messages. Despite the overalleffectiveness of inconsistent message, some responsesshowed continued belief in rumors even after the exposure.Eye-tracking analyses demonstrated that when participantshad positive pre-belief for a rumor, more visual attention toinconsistent message predicted strengthened the belief. Wediscuss when exposure to inconsistent message does not workwell as a way for harnessing belief in false rumor.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"rumor; belief change; eye tracking; social media"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88r646s2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tanaka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Miwa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Inuzuka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tokyo Gakugei University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rumi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hirayama","name_suffix":"","institution":"Osaka Junior College of Music","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28896/galley/18767/download/"}]},{"pk":29011,"title":"Various sources of distraction in analogical reasoning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Two leading analogical reasoning paradigms: A:B::C:D task and scene analogies, to date studied in isolation, were appliedto the same 61 participants. The former task included 3 types of distracting response options (relational, semantic, andperceptual); the latter task imposed cross-mapping (response options that suggested a wrong structure to be mapped). First,relational and semantic, but not perceptual, distractors were similarly frequently selected, but their choices were weaklycorrelated. These choices were unrelated to cross-mapping in the other task, either. So, various sources of distraction canplay a role in the analogical reasoning process.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06x7p7cs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kucwaj","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jastrzebski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Micha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ociepka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chuderski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29011/galley/18882/download/"}]},{"pk":29211,"title":"Verbal Insight Revisited: fMRI evidence for subliminal processing in bilateralinsulae for solutions with AHA! experience shortly after trial onset","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In insight problem solving solutions with AHA! experience have been assumed to be the consequence of restructuring ofa problem which usually takes place shortly before the solution. However, evidence from priming studies suggests thatsolutions with AHA! are not spontaneously generated during the solution process but already relate to prior subliminalprocessing. We test this hypothesis by conducting an fMRI study using a modified compound remote associates paradigmwhich incorporates semantic priming. We observe stronger brain activity in bilateral anterior insulae already shortly aftertrial onset in problems that were later solved with than without AHA!. This early activity was independent of semanticpriming but may be related to other lexical properties of attended words helping to reduce the amount of solutions to lookfor. In contrast, there was more brain activity in bilateral anterior insulae during solutions that were solved without thanwith AHA!. This timing (after trial start / during solution) x solution experience (with / without AHA!) interaction wassignificant. The results suggest that a) solutions accompanied with AHA! relate to early solution-relevant processing andb) both solution experiences differ in timing when solution-relevant processing takes place. In this context, we discuss thepotential role of the anterior insula as part of the salience network involved in problem-solving by allocating attentionalresources.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30p432dj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Simone","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","department":""},{"first_name":"Tobias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sommer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","department":""},{"first_name":"Maxi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Becker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29211/galley/19082/download/"}]},{"pk":29040,"title":"Verb arguments in Japanese picture books","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous experiments have demonstrated that Japanese children can use the number of arguments and the case markers tolearn novel verbs. However, these cues are mostly omitted in child-directed speech. We revisit this gap between the abilityof children to use syntactic cues and the deficiency of such input by examining a different mode of input in the form ofpicture books. We built a Japanese picture book predicate-argument structure corpus containing annotations of predicate-argument structure and non-linguistic information. The analyses show that Japanese picture books contain more overtarguments and accusative case markers, and that these cues have significant influence on the prediction of verb transitivity.In addition, this study demonstrates that non-linguistic information (animacy and the numbers of potential referents) couldhelp predict transitivity if learners are able to use these cues to infer the presence of null arguments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rk0133z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Naho","middle_name":"","last_name":"Orita","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tokyo University of Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Asumi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Suzuki","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tohoku University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuichiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matsubayashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tohoku University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29040/galley/18911/download/"}]},{"pk":28540,"title":"Verb Frequency Explains the Unacceptability of Factive and Manner-of-speaking\nIslands in English","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The unacceptability of wh-extraction (e.g., question\nformation) out of certain syntactic structures, known as\n‘island’ effects, has been a central topic in theoretical syntax\nfor many years (Ross, 1967; Chomsky, 1973). A prominent\nexample of islands is that extraction out of a sentential\ncomplement introduced by factive and manner-of-speaking\nverbs (‘What did John know/whisper that Mary bought?’) is\nless acceptable than extraction from a clause introduced by\n“bridge” verbs (‘What did John say that Mary bought?’). We\naimed to replicate Ambridge and Goldberg (2008) who\nargued that extraction from a sentential complement is\nunacceptable in proportion to its discourse salience. We failed\nto replicate their results and found that there is no true island\neffect for such structures: instead there are separate, additive\npenalties based on two factors: (a) verb-frame frequency (cf.\nDabrowska, 2008), and (b) the presence of extraction. These\npenalties give rise to apparent island effects as a result of the\nnonlinear relationship between true acceptability and\nacceptability ratings as measured in Likert scales and forced-\nchoice tasks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Sentence Processing; Frequency Effect;\nAcceptability of Sentences; Long-distance Dependencie"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zb7m1zr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yingtong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ryskin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Futrell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Edward","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gibson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28540/galley/18411/download/"}]},{"pk":29208,"title":"Visual, auditory, and temporal sensorimotor discrimination abilities and theirrelationships with complex cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"At dawn of cognitive science, it was hypothesized that performance on diverse sensorimotor tasks is rooted in unitarysensory discrimination ability that shares the same neural resource with complex cognition. A century of research yieldedinconclusive evidence. We modelled the factor structure for 33 diverse visual sensorimotor, memory, and reasoning tasks,completed by 234 young adults. Covariance structure models indicated two considerably correlated, yet statistically sepa-rate, sensorimotor abilities reflecting temporal vs. non-temporal processing. However, initially moderate relationships ofeach simple ability with reasoning disappeared when mediated by working memory, suggesting that sensory discriminationplays no explanatory role for complex cognition. These results were replicated in another study of 255 young adults, whoadditionally attempted auditory sensorimotor tasks. The latter appeared to be separate from temporal and visual abilities.Overall, sensory discrimination does not constitute unitary ability. Moreover, individual differences in complex cognitioncannot be reduced to sensory discrimination.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d08b70w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bartomiej","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kroczek","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jastrzebski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Micha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ociepka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kucwaj","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chuderski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29208/galley/19079/download/"}]},{"pk":29160,"title":"Visual exploration of emotional scenes in aging during a free visualization taskdepending on arousal level of scenes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Research on emotion suggests that the attentional preference observed toward the negative stimuli in young adults tendsto disappear in normal aging and, sometimes, to shifts towards a preference for positive stimuli. However, this age-relatedeffect called the positivity effect may be modulated by several factors, such as the arousal level of stimuli. The presentstudy investigated visual exploration of natural scenes of different emotional valence in three age groups (young, middle-aged and older adults) depending on arousal level of scenes using an eye-tracking paradigm. Participants visualized pairsof emotional scenes either in low or high arousal condition. In contrast with the literature, the preliminary results revealeda reduction in prevalence of negative stimuli relative to other ones in older adults regardless of the arousal conditions. Nodifference between young adults and middle aged adults was observed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44z687wc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Poncet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Elie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Grenoble Alpes University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Galle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Grenoble Alpes University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathalie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guyader","name_suffix":"","institution":"Grenoble Alpes University","department":""},{"first_name":"Moro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Elena","name_suffix":"","institution":"Grenoble Alpes University","department":""},{"first_name":"Aurlie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Campagne","name_suffix":"","institution":"Grenoble Alpes University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29160/galley/19031/download/"}]},{"pk":28961,"title":"Visual Spatial Attention Skills and Holistic Processing in High School StudentsWith and Without Dyslexia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Visual-spatial attention has been shown to influence literacy development, yet studies investigating its influence on readingin non-alphabetic scripts such as Chinese are scarce, despite recent studies demonstrating orthographic and visuo-spatialskills to be key deficits in people with dyslexia in Chinese. Here, we investigate visual-spatial processing skills in Chi-nese adolescents by measuring their 1) exogenous and endogenous attentional orienting, and 2) holistic processinga phe-nomenon typically demonstrated in face perceptionin Chinese character recognition. Compared with typically developingstudents, Chinese high-school students with dyslexia showed deficits in both endogenous and exogenous visual-spatialattention. Dyslexics also perceived characters more holistically than the controls, suggesting that they selectively attendedto individual components within Chinese characters less readily. These results demonstrated irregularities in visual-spatialprocessing skills in students in dyslexia. This study provides implications for reading intervention programs in order tofacilitate selective attention to character components to enhance literacy.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tt186qd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Chin-wai","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kwok","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Duo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Ricky","middle_name":"Van-yip","last_name":"Tso","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Education University of Hong Kong","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28961/galley/18832/download/"}]},{"pk":29309,"title":"Visual Statistical Learning Contributes to Word Segmentation during Reading ofUnspaced Chinese Sentences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether Chinese readers learn to segment words automatically while reading unspaced sentences throughstatistical learning. Experiment 1 replicated Saffran et al.s (1997) study using Chinese monosyllables presented auditorilyto foreign learners of Chinese. The learning outcome was .57 on a two-alternative forced-choice test, statistically betterthan guessing (.5). Experiment 2 repeated Experiment 1 but presented the Chinese monosyllable string visually as acharacter string. Experiment 3 repeated Experiment 2 but doubled the exposure. Experiment 4 repeated Experiment 2with characters of fewer numbers of strokes. The learning outcomes were .53, .52, and .52., not significant when testedindividually, but was significant when the data were combined. At least 60% of the participants in each experiment showedthe effect. We conclude that visual statistical learning does contribute to automatic word segmentation in Chinese reading.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Member Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76v242x4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tsanyu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Taiwan Normal University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jenn-Yeu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Taiwan Normal University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29309/galley/19180/download/"}]},{"pk":28945,"title":"Visuo-Motor Control Using Body Representation of a Robotic Arm with GatedAuto-Encoders","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We present an auto-encoder version of gated networks for learning visuomotor transformations for reaching targets andrepresentating the location of the robot arm. Gated networks use multiplicative neurons to bind correlated images fromeach others and to learn their relative changes. Using the encoder network, motor neurons categorize the induced visualdisplacements of the robot arm when applying their corresponding motor commands.Using the decoder network, it ispossible to infer back the visual motion and location of the robot arm from the activity of the motor units, aka bodyimage.Using both networks at the same time, near targets can simulate a fictious visual displacement of the robot armand induce the activation of the most probable motor command for tracking it. Results show the effectiveness of ourapproach for 2 degree of freedom and 3 degree of freedom robot arms. We discuss then about the network and its use forreaching task and body representation, future works and its relevance for modeling the so-called gain-field neurons in theparieto-motor cortices for learning visuomotor transformation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rp913z6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julien","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abrossimoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universit de Cergy-Pontoise","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexandre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pitti","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universit de Cergy-Pontoise","department":""},{"first_name":"Philippe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gaussier","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universit de Cergy-Pontoise","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28945/galley/18816/download/"}]},{"pk":28747,"title":"Wait for it!Stronger influence of context on categorical perception in Danish than Norwegian","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Speech input is often noisy and ambiguous. Yet listenersusually do not have difficulties understanding it. A keyhypothesis is that in speech processing acoustic-phoneticbottom-up processing is complemented by top-downcontextual information. This context effect is larger when theambiguous word is only separated from a disambiguating wordby a few syllables compared to many syllables, suggesting thatthere is a limited time window for processing acoustic-phoneticinformation with the help of context. Here, we argue that therelative weight of bottom-up and top-down processes may bedifferent for languages that have different phonologicalproperties. We report an experiment comparing two closelyrelated languages, Danish and Norwegian. We show thatDanish speakers do indeed rely on context more thanNorwegian speakers do. These results highlight the importanceof investigating cross-linguistic differences in speechprocessing, suggesting that speakers of different languagesmay develop different language processing strategies.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"categorical perception; speech perception; Danish;Norwegian"},{"word":"cross-linguistic studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h82265g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Byurakn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ishkhanyan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Anders","middle_name":"","last_name":"Højen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Riccardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fusaroli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Christer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johansson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bergen","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tylén","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Morten","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Christiansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28747/galley/18618/download/"}]},{"pk":28435,"title":"Warning: The Exemplars in Your Category Representation May Not Be the Ones\nExperienced During Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Connectionist; Exemplar; Category learning;\nComputational modeling"}],"section":"Publication-based Talks","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w2311g6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Kurtz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Binghamton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Silliman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Binghamton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28435/galley/18306/download/"}]},{"pk":28737,"title":"What are you talking about?: A Cognitive Task Analysis of how specificity incommunication facilitates shared perspective in a confusing collaboration task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how participant’s specificity in shar-ing of information in collaborative problem solving was criti-cal to them reaching a successful shared perspective. We ana-lyzed participants’ communication strategies in a collaborativetask designed to make finding common ground challenging.We set out to better understand the difference between suc-cessful and unsuccessful collaborations by conducting a cog-nitive task analysis. From participants’ utterances, we inferredcognitive processes associated with repeating communicationmoves and coded those processes as if-then production rules.We thereby specified the communication strategies used duringinteractions and developed a production-rule model to explainwhether and how shared perspective developed or not. Ourcognitive task analysis indicated that although all collaboratingpairs described the objects they were seeing with a variety offeatures, the successful pairs were more specific in using com-binations of features. Quantitatively, we found significant cor-relations between frequency of combined feature statementsand success in sharing perspectives.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Collaborative Problem Solving; Scientific Rea-soning; Creativity; Coordination; Cognitive Task Analysis;Production Rules"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41s59946","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yugo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hayashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Koedinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28737/galley/18608/download/"}]},{"pk":35944,"title":"What Error Correction Can(not) Accomplish for Second Language Writers by Dana Ferris","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book and Media Review","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99n23586","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Torres","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Central Florida","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/35944/galley/26798/download/"}]},{"pk":29078,"title":"What Factors of Background Music Disrupt Task Performance? Influence ofTypes of Sound, Tasks, and Working Memory Capacity on IrrelevantSound/Speech Effect","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Task-irrelevant background speech or sounds are known to have detrimental effects on task performance which are calledirrelevant-speech/sound effects (ISEs). In this study, we have investigated the contributing factor responsible for magnitudeof ISE focusing on the meaningfulness of the background noise and working memory capacity (WMC). Participants wereasked to perform reading comprehension task (Exp. 1), serial recall task (Exp 2), and match-to-sample task (Exp.3)with or without task-irrelevant instrumental music and lyrics, and their WMC was measured with the Reading SpanTest. The results revealed that the irrelevant sounds with lyrics, but not instrumental music disrupted the performanceof the participants in both the reading comprehension and serial recall tasks , while that in match-to-sample task was notinterfered by either sound types. The moderating effect of WMC was not observed in any experiments. The results impliedthat ISEs were observed when phonological loop was used to conduct these tasks. Based on these results, the function ofa learners WMC in the ISE is discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations with Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88n5x9m1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maiko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Takahashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Mika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ishikawa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nagoya University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sachiko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kiyokawa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nagoya University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29078/galley/18949/download/"}]},{"pk":28775,"title":"What if everybody did that?: Universalization as a mechanism of moraldecision-making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We describe a cognitive mechanism of moral judgment, universalization, that has received little attention up to now. Underuniversalization, an action’s moral permissibility is determined by calculating what the outcome would be if all people whoare similarly situated to the actor also acted in that way. This mechanism is particularly well-suited to capture our moraljudgments of free-rider cases, where one person doing the action increases utility but many people doing it decreasesutility. Universalization fits into an agreement-based (contractualist) theory of moral cognition, and explains properties ofour moral judgments that an outcome-based or rule-based approach cannot. We show patterns of universalization reasoningin young children as well as adults.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t09x2m6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sydney","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levine","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleiman-Weiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Fiery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cushman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28775/galley/18646/download/"}]},{"pk":28562,"title":"What information shapes and shifts people’s attitudes about capital punishment?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Although most Americans support capital punishment, manypeople have misconceptions about its efficacy andadministration (e.g., that capital punishment deters crime). Cancorrecting people’s inaccurate attitudes change their support forthe death penalty? If not, are there other strategies that mightshift people’s attitudes about the death penalty? Some researchsuggests that statistical information can correct misconceptionsabout polarizing topics. Still, statistics might be irrelevant forsome people because they may support capital punishment forpurely retributive reasons, suggesting other argumentativestrategies may be more effective. In Studies 1 and 2, weexamined what attitudes shape endorsement of capitalpunishment and compared how two different interventionsshifted these attitudes. Altogether, our findings suggest thatattitudes about capital punishment are based on more than justretributive motives, and that correcting misconceptions relatedto its administration reduces support for capital punishment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"capital punishment; coherence; open science"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/234648r7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Olivia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miske","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":""},{"first_name":"N.","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Schweitzer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Zachary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Horne","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28562/galley/18433/download/"}]},{"pk":28692,"title":"What is a good question asker better at? From no generalization, toovergeneralization, to adults-like selectivity across childhood","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior research showed that young children prefer to seek helpfrom actors who have demonstrated active learning compe-tence. What inferences do people make based on the abil-ity to search effectively, for example by asking informativequestions? This project explores across two experiments towhat extent adults and children (3- to 9-year-olds) general-ize the ability to ask informative questions to other abili-ties/characteristics. We presented participants with one mon-ster who always asked informative questions and one whoalways asked uninformative questions. Participants had tochoose which monster they thought was more likely to pos-sess/was better at 12 different characteristics/abilities. Our re-sults show a clear developmental trend. Three- and 4-year-olds draw unsystematic inferences from the monsters question-asking expertise. Five- and 6-year-olds identified the betterquestion asker as better at everything. Seven- to 9-year-oldsshowed adult-like response patterns, selectively associating theability to ask good questions to related characteristics/abilities.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"active learning; social cognition; question asking."}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rq9g8b3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Costanza","middle_name":"","last_name":"De Simone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Azzurra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ruggeri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28692/galley/18563/download/"}]},{"pk":28420,"title":"What makes a good explanation?Cognitive dimensions of explaining intelligent machines","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Explainability is assumed to be a key factor for theadoption of Artificial Intelligence systems in a wide rangeof contexts (Hoffman, Mueller, & Klein, 2017; Hoffman,Mueller, Klein, & Litman, 2018; Doran, Schulz, & Besold,2017; Lipton, 2018; Miller, 2017; Lombrozo, 2016).The use of AI components in self-driving cars, medicaldiagnosis, or insurance and financial services has shownthat when decisions are taken or suggested by automatedsystems it is essential for practical, social, and increasinglylegal reasons that an explanation can be provided tousers, developers or regulators.1Moreover, the reasons forequipping intelligent systems with explanation capabilitiesare not limited to user rights and acceptance. Explainabilityis also needed for designers and developers to enhancesystem robustness and enable diagnostics to prevent bias,unfairness and discrimination, as well as to increase trust byall users in why and how decisions are made. Against thatbackground, increased efforts are directed towards studyingand provisioning explainable intelligent systems, both inindustry and academia, sparked by initiatives like the DARPAExplainable Artificial Intelligence Program (DARPA, 2016).In parallel, scientific conferences and workshops dedicated toexplainability are now regularly organised, such as the ‘ACMConference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency(ACM FAT)’ (Friedler & Wilson, n.d.) or the ‘Workshop onExplainability in AI’ at the 2017 and 2018 editions of theInternational Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.However, one important question remains hithertounanswered: What are the criteria for a good explanation?","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Explainability; Artificial Intelligence; Philosophyof Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Cognitive Science"}],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qd3c6rh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roberto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Confalonieri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Telef ́onica Innovaci ́on Alpha","department":""},{"first_name":"Tarek","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Besold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Telef ́onica Innovaci ́on Alpha","department":""},{"first_name":"Tillman","middle_name":"","last_name":"Weyde","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of London","department":""},{"first_name":"Kathleen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Creel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Tania","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lombrozo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Shane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mueller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Michigan Technological University","department":""},{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shafto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28420/galley/18291/download/"}]},{"pk":28768,"title":"Whats in a Name, and When Can a [Beep] be the Same?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Words influence cognition well before infants know their specific meanings. For example, three-month-olds are more likelyto form visually-based categories when exemplars are paired with spoken words than with sine-wave tones. We testedwhether structure in infants environment can foster this effect. Caregivers often use exaggerated showing gestures whenlabeling objects, presenting words in synchrony with object motion, and creating amodal temporal structure in auditoryand visual modalities. Because attention to amodal structure attenuates encoding information specific to just one modality,we hypothesized that it can lead auditory signals to impact visually-based categorization. Indeed, when 3-month-olds arefamiliarized to videos in which tones occur in synchrony with object motion, tones subsequently facilitate categorization,just like words. Moreover, familiarizing infants to word-object synchrony enhances their subsequent categorization in thepresence of words. These results suggest that structure in infants environment may contribute to the special effects thatwords have on categorization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f6560n4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jill","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lany","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Liverpool","department":""},{"first_name":"Abbie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Ariel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aguero","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28768/galley/18639/download/"}]},{"pk":28816,"title":"What’s in the Adaptive Toolbox and How Do People Choose From It? RationalModels of Strategy Selection in Risky Choice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Although process data indicate that people often rely on sim-plifying processes when choosing between risky options, cur-rent models of heuristics cannot predict people’s choices veryaccurately. To address this apparent paradox, it has been pro-posed that people might adaptively choose from a toolboxof simple strategies. But which strategies are contained inthis toolbox? And how do people decide when to use whichdecision strategy? Here, we develop a model according towhich the decision maker selects a decision strategy for a givenchoice problem rationally from a toolbox of strategies; the con-tent of the toolbox is estimated for each individual decisionmaker. Using cross-validation on an empirical data set, we findthat this model of strategy selection from a personal adaptivetoolbox predicts people’s choices better than any single strat-egy (even when it is allowed to vary across participants) andbetter than previously proposed toolbox models. Our modelcomparisons show that both inferring the content of the tool-box and rational strategy selection are critical for accuratelypredicting people’s risky choices. Furthermore, our analysisreveals considerable individual differences in the set of strate-gies people are equipped with and how they choose amongthem; these individual differences could partly explain whysome people make better choices than others. These findingsrepresent an important step towards a complete formalizationof the notion that people select their cognitive strategies froma personal adaptive toolbox.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"decision making; bounded rationality; strategy se-lection; heuristics; computational modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67d2w5vw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Florian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mohnert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Amsterdam","department":""},{"first_name":"Thorsten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pachur","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Falk","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lieder","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28816/galley/18687/download/"}]},{"pk":28602,"title":"What’s Lagging in our Understanding of Interruptions?: Effects of InterruptionLags in Sequential Decision-Making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Interruptions are an inevitable part of every day life. Previousresearch suggests that interruptions can decrease performanceand increase errors and response time. Additionally, there isevidence that providing a lag time prior to an interruption canmitigate some of the interruption costs. The goal of this pa-per is to investigate the effects of interruptions and interrup-tion lags and explore possible strategies to attenuate interrup-tion costs. A novel sequential decision-making paradigm wasused, where the difficulty of the task and type of interruptionwere the two experimental manipulations. The results indicatethat there is a potential benefit to including a lag time whenpresented with interruptions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"interruption; interruption lag; decision making"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mh1b1sk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sloane","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Donkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Ben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Newell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Garston","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28602/galley/18473/download/"}]}]}