Volume 4 - The Undergraduate Research Journal of Psychology at UCLA
","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Full Issue","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gd494gw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"Undergraduate Research Journal of Psychology at UCLA","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2025-04-23T20:12:54.735000-04:00","date_accepted":"2025-04-23T20:14:25.132000-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-24T20:26:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/urjpucla/article/47294/galley/35696/download/"}]},{"pk":44416,"title":"Staphylococcus-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Complication from Scabies Infestation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv926vj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-24T16:22:34-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44416/galley/33210/download/"}]},{"pk":60762,"title":"Better Representing the “Diffuse and Collective Interests”: Reducing Legalism in Brazil’s Ministério Público to Improve Environmental Enforcement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Brazil’s Ministério Público (“MP”), or prosecuting agency, is a unique institution. Unlike public prosecution entities in other countries, such as federal prosecutors in the United States, the MP is the primary enforcer of Brazil’s environmental laws and initiates the vast majority of environmental public civil actions. In the United States, most environmental suits are citizen suits filed by private actors, but in Brazil, the MP files almost 96 percent of those same cases. These actions have improved compliance with environmental laws and helped contribute to the MP’s reputation as an independent body, separate from the corruption known to plague other governmental bodies in Brazil. While the MP’s lawsuits have proven effective, they are adversarial in nature and preclude more cooperative means of regulation. Additionally, prosecutors within the MP feel as if they must respond to every complaint they receive, which keeps them from prioritizing the largest environmental harms. As scholars like Robert Kagan, John Scholz, and John Braithwaite have noted: a rigid, punitive style of enforcement may not be appropriate in all situations with all regulated actors. This legalistic manner of enforcement creates tension between the MP, the regulated actors, and environmental agencies; slows the enforcement process; and strains the MP’s limited resources.\n \nThis paper proposes creating a second branch of the MP’s offices: a more mediative style of enforcement for less culpable actors, in line with actions that certain members of the MP’s office have already begun to take. Prosecutors within this mediative branch would go beyond judicial remedies and would collaborate with environmental agencies, government bodies, and community members to solve challenging environmental problems. This plan is already within the range of autonomy given to the MP and would allow the MP to retain its reputation as an independent, un-corruptible enforcer, while also remedying some of the problems and inefficiencies that result from the current rigid, legalistic enforcement style.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"brazil"},{"word":"United States of America"},{"word":"Brazil’s Ministério Público"},{"word":"environmental suits"},{"word":"environmental public civil actions"},{"word":"mediative"},{"word":"Enforcement"},{"word":"environmental law"},{"word":"environmental policy"}],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w15g97b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shannon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clark","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA School of Law","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T20:31:53-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T20:31:53-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60762/galley/46725/download/"}]},{"pk":60760,"title":"Bird Take—Death Trade","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) protects 1,027 bird species—the vast majority of native birds in the United States and its territories—by criminalizing the taking, killing, or selling of any migratory bird or bird part.3 Beginning in the 1960s, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) began prosecuting industrial firms for “incidental take,” the unintentional taking or killing of migratory birds. Incidental take is a negative externality of industry: firms kill birds—a natural resource shared by all—and do not compensate for their loss. A split in authority consequently arose on whether the strict liability misdemeanor of the MBTA criminalizes such unintentional killings. In response to concerns of incidental take, the FWS is now in a rulemaking process, by which it hopes to establish an incidental-take permit program, allowing firms to purchase take permits, compensate the FWS for estimated bird take, and evade or at least minimize the risk of prosecution.\n \nWhile the incidental-take circuit split has already received scholarly attention elsewhere, this Article tackles a larger conservation question, drawing on scholarship in the fields of emissions trading and conservation banking. This Article proposes two alternative market-based solutions to the menace of incidental take. First, the Bird Tax: a Pigouvian tax that seeks to correct the inefficient market outcome that results in uncompensated industrial and nonindustrial incidental take. Second, the North American Bird Market: a trilateral initiative building upon decades of successful environmental cooperation between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. By incentivizing clean energy, requiring industry to internalize its bird take, and promoting habitat restoration, the Bird Market is an efficient and clean theoretical solution to the menace of incidental take and the looming threat to our continent’s shared birdscape.\n \nIn contrast to a comprehensive, upstream Bird Tax that targets both industrial and nonindustrial incidental take, the Bird Market would entail potentially restrictive financial and logistical costs due to its limited focus on the regulation of industrial take. As such, it is possible that the Bird Market is a mere flight of fancy—a thought experiment whose doom radiates from its very core—and nothing more. Despite these challenges, this Article’s presentation of the Market serves three other purposes. First, the Market serves as a vehicle to expose the sobering truth that the MBTA and incidental-take prosecutions are an expressive, but ultimately fruitless conservation mechanism. Second, the Market is an investigation of how to quantify and trade death with the goal of conserving life. Finally, the exposition of the Market and the critique of the MBTA is an attempt to tightrope walk the seemingly unbridgeable legal-analytical rift between the ritualized law and economics of Ronald Coase,4 and the touchy-feelythrow-your-hands-up-in-the-air neorealism of Arthur Allan Leff. Ultimately, because incidental industrial take is only a minor anthropogenic stressor, the Market will fail to achieve meaningful conservation goals for the same reasons that incidental-take prosecutions under the MBTA fail to achieve these goals. August 2016 marked the centennial of the first migratory bird treaty with Canada. One hundred years have passed, and this Article calls upon Congress to abandon its ancient conservation precepts and supplement our treaties and the MBTA with a meaningful international habitat-restoration program.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"The Migratory Bird Treaty Act"},{"word":"Fish and Wildlife Service"},{"word":"incidental take"},{"word":"environmental law"},{"word":"environmental policy"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q38n798","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Lockman","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Chicago Law School","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T14:27:43-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T14:27:43-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60760/galley/46723/download/"}]},{"pk":60761,"title":"Democratic Environmental Experimentalism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Scholars of democratic experimentalism and new governance rightly criticize the static allocations of authority found in the American traditional federalism framework for its rigidity and potential to stifle innovation at the state and local levels. Nevertheless, this critique underappreciates the level of experimentation harbored by this framework, as witnessed in the dynamic interaction between the various levels of government. This dynamic interplay, which is very much on exhibit with respect to climate change regulation, is far from being devoid of new policy innovation. It also exhibits something that, in the long run, may be just as important—the adoption, at local and regional levels, of policy innovations developed at other levels, often on a national or international scale. Hence not only do we see policy innovation arising out of traditional American federalism, but also “scale innovation.”\n \nThis backdrop is important when exploring the best governance models for emerging environmental issues, the full scope of which are still poorly understood. Where does climate change adaptation fit? Does it illustrate the market failures and potential gamesmanship that have justified traditional federalism models, complete with a strong policymaking role for the federal government, or is it best addressed as a problem ripe for the multilevel governance solutions offered by collaborative models? Any attempt to answer this question must match up the problems presented by adaption to the tools and processes offered by more traditional environmental federalism and that offered by collaborative governance regimes.\n \nI argue that, as understood so far, adaptation calls for a hybrid between traditional federalism models and models suggested by democratic experimentalism and collaborative governance. Commentators uniformly predict that climate change will bring with it dynamic, complex and potentially abrupt, eco-systemic change at varying scales. Thus, for some, regulations in the service of adaptation should seek to reduce the vulnerability of ecosystems to abrupt and uncertain change and to reinforce the resiliency of such systems. This process would seem ideally suited to democratic experimentalism—a problem in need of a regulatory system that is constantly monitoring its effects and updating its requirements. But for others, adaptation will necessitate national (and possibly international) infrastructure and regulations, which, together with needed minimum standards applicable to intrastate issues, will call for federal, state and local regulation similar to traditional federalism. I conclude that a model for a hybrid of the two—experimentalism and federalism—might be found in the cooperative federalism structure of EPA’s recent Clean Power Plan. Here, states are held accountable by the federal government to regulatory goals of their own making. Thus the Plan incorporates flexibility of experimentalism but also the minimum standards and backstop of federal regulation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"democratic experimentalism"},{"word":"new governance"},{"word":"Federalism"},{"word":"environmental law"},{"word":"environmental policy"},{"word":"EPA"},{"word":"Clean Power Plan"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bb84516","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kirsten","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Engel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona College of Law","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T20:24:00-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T20:24:00-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60761/galley/46724/download/"}]},{"pk":60763,"title":"Enforcing International Climate Change Law in Domestic Courts: A New Trend of Cases for Boosting Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper takes international climate change law norms as a given, and instead turns to their implementation in domestic courts as one of the possible enforcement strategies for advancing the protection of the climate. The enforcement of climate change law is overviewed at the international law level and portrayed in the context of domestic courts. In order to flesh out such a proposal as the latter, the viability of procedural rights, as embodied in Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration, is assessed and compared with substantive rights as a possible leverage of enforcement in the sphere of climate change law. Such leverage is pictured out within the first two judicial decisions applying international law for the protection of the climate in domestic courts, namely the Urgenda decision from the Netherlands, and the Leghari decision from Pakistan. The legacy of each of those is evaluated under the prong of judicial globalization and international climate policy.\n \nThe paper argues that the interpretive techniques deployed in this strand of cases are poised to further advance international climate change law, not only on a substantive plane, but also on a procedural plane, especially with regard to the standing of individuals and NGOs. Indeed, the paper holds such a judicial turn to be a viable enforcement mechanism in the field of climate change law and policy, especially in the aftermath of the 2015 Paris Agreement.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"climate change"},{"word":"international climate change law"},{"word":"domestic courts"},{"word":"Rio Declaration"},{"word":"Urgenda Decision"},{"word":"Netherlands"},{"word":"Leghari decision"},{"word":"pakistan"},{"word":"2015 Paris Agreement"},{"word":"environmental law"},{"word":"environmental policy"},{"word":"climate change law"},{"word":"climate change policy"}],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g98s7f3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Esmeralda","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colombo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bergen","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T20:43:49-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T20:43:49-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60763/galley/46726/download/"}]},{"pk":60757,"title":"Front Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Front matter","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75m9h1zc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T14:14:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T14:14:36-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60757/galley/46720/download/"}]},{"pk":60758,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Masthead","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kh8c21d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T14:15:33-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T14:15:33-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60758/galley/46721/download/"}]},{"pk":60759,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Table of Contents","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n11m1p9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-21T14:16:35-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-21T14:16:35-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-21T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60759/galley/46722/download/"}]},{"pk":386,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Masthead","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w53q1jp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"WestJEM","middle_name":"","last_name":"Publishing Office","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T19:07:23-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T19:07:23-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T19:07:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/386/galley/151/download/"}]},{"pk":385,"title":"Full-Text Issue","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"CPC-EM Full-Text Issue","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vd4q918","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"WestJEM","middle_name":"","last_name":"Publishing Office","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T19:05:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T19:05:36-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T19:05:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/385/galley/150/download/"}]},{"pk":384,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Masthead","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gp340w8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"WestJEM","middle_name":"","last_name":"Publishing Office","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T18:51:40-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T18:51:40-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T18:52:42-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/384/galley/149/download/"}]},{"pk":383,"title":"Full-Text Issue","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"CPC-EM Full-Text Issue","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nf508c9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"WestJEM","middle_name":"","last_name":"Publishing Office","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T18:48:16-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T18:48:16-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T18:48:27-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/383/galley/148/download/"}]},{"pk":10070,"title":"Replacement of Dislodged Gastrostomy Tubes After Stoma Dilation in the Pediatric Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A dislodged gastrostomy tube (GT) is a common complaint that requires evaluationin the pediatric emergency department (ED) and, on occasion, will require stoma dilation tosuccessfully replace the GT. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency that stomadilation is required, the success rate of replacement, complications encountered, and the techniquesused to confirm placement of the GT after dilation.\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of children 0-18 years whopresented to the pediatric ED from February 2013 through February 2015 with a dislodged GT thatrequired stoma dilation by pediatric emergency physicians with serially increasing Foley cathetersizes prior to successful placement of the GT.\nResults: We reviewed a total of 302 encounters in 215 patients, with 97 (32%) of the encountersrequiring stoma dilation prior to replacing a GT. The median amount of dilation was 2 Frenchbetween the initial Foley catheter size and the final GT size. There was a single complication ofa mal-positioned balloon that was identified at the index visit. No delayed complications wereencountered. We performed confirmation of placement in all patients. The two most commonforms of confirmation were aspiration of gastric contents (56/97 [58%]) followed by contrastradiograph in 39 (40%).\nConclusion: The practice of serial dilation of a gastrostomy stoma site to allow successfulreplacement of a gastrostomy tube in pediatric patients who present to the ED with a dislodgedgastrostomy tube is generally successful and without increased complication. All patients received atleast one form of confirmation for appropriate GT placement with the most common being aspirationof gastric contents.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Gastrostomy tube, dislodged feeding tube, dislodged gastrostomy tube, stoma dilation, emergency department, pediatrics"}],"section":"Health Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2849s2kf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shiloni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bhambani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Fremont, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tammy","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Phan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Department of Emergency","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Thorp","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fontana, California\nLoma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Department of Emergency\nMedicine and Pediatrics, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-07-25T21:15:34-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-07-25T21:15:34-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T18:15:09-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10070/galley/5490/download/"}]},{"pk":10395,"title":"Emergency Department Pain Management Following Implementation of a Geriatric Hip Fracture Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Over 300,000 patients in the United States sustain low-trauma fragility hip fracturesannually. Multidisciplinary geriatric fracture programs (GFP) including early, multimodal painmanagement reduce morbidity and mortality. Our overall goal was to determine the effects of a GFPon the emergency department (ED) pain management of geriatric fragility hip fractures.\nMethods:\n We performed a retrospective study including patients age ≥65 years with fragility hipfractures two years before and two years after the implementation of the GFP. Outcomes were timeto (any) first analgesic, use of acetaminophen and fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) in the ED,and amount of opioid medication administered in the first 24 hours. We used permutation tests toevaluate differences in ED pain management following GFP implementation.\nResults:\n We studied 131 patients in the pre-GFP period and 177 patients in the post-GFP period.In the post-GFP period, more patients received FICB (6% vs. 60%; difference 54%, 95% confidenceinterval [CI] 45-63%; p<0.001) and acetaminophen (10% vs. 51%; difference 41%, 95% CI 32-51%;p<0.001) in the ED. Patients in the post-GFP period also had a shorter time to first analgesic (103vs. 93 minutes; p=0.04) and received fewer morphine equivalents in the first 24 hours (15mg vs.10mg, p<0.001) than patients in the pre-GFP period.\nConclusion:\n Implementation of a GFP was associated with improved ED pain management forgeriatric patients with fragility hip fractures. Future studies should evaluate the effects of thesechanges in pain management on longer-term outcomes.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Hip Fractures"},{"word":"Geriatrics"},{"word":"pain management"}],"section":"Treatment Protocol Assessment","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qg2w61b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Casey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dane","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Stevenson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bryn","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Mumma","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Slee","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Quality and Safety, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Wolinsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Katren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tyler","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Hirsch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-16T00:17:39-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-16T00:17:39-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T16:57:19-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10395/galley/5716/download/"}]},{"pk":10528,"title":"Academic Primer Series: Key Papers About Peer Review","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Peer review, a cornerstone of academia, promotes rigor and relevance in scientificpublishing. As educators are encouraged to adopt a more scholarly approach to medical education,peer review is becoming increasingly important. Junior educators both receive the reviews of theirpeers, and are also asked to participate as reviewers themselves. As such, it is imperative for juniorclinician educators to be well-versed in the art of peer reviewing their colleagues’ work. In thisarticle, our goal was to identify and summarize key papers that may be helpful for faculty membersinterested in learning more about the peer-review process and how to improve their reviewing skills.\nMethods:\n The online discussions of the 2016-17 Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM)Faculty Incubator program included a robust discussion about peer review, which highlighted anumber of papers on that topic. We sought to augment this list with further suggestions by guestexperts and by an open call on Twitter for other important papers. Via this process, we created a listof 24 total papers on the topic of peer review. After gathering these papers, our authorship groupengaged in a consensus-building process incorporating Delphi methods to identify the papers thatbest described peer review, and also highlighted important tips for new reviewers.\nResults:\n We found and reviewed 24 papers. In our results section, we present our authorshipgroup’s top five most highly rated papers on the topic of peer review. We also summarize thesepapers with respect to their relevance to junior faculty members and to faculty developers.\nConclusion:\n We present five key papers on peer review that can be used for faculty development fornovice writers and reviewers. These papers represent a mix of foundational and explanatory papersthat may provide some basis from which junior faculty members might build upon as they both undergothe peer-review process and act as reviewers in turn.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Peer Review"},{"word":"Medical Education"},{"word":"faculty development"}],"section":"ALiEM PROMPT","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ft715n5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lalena","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, Oregon","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gottlieb","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rush University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sampson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Missouri, Columbia, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia, Missouri","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rose","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California\nLos Angeles County + USC Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Teresa","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ilgen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-12-23T14:05:47-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-12-23T14:05:47-05:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T16:51:16-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10528/galley/5786/download/"}]},{"pk":10502,"title":"Index to Predict In-hospital Mortality in Older Adults after Non-traumatic Emergency Department Intubations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Our goal was to develop and validate an index to predict in-hospital mortality in olderadults after non-traumatic emergency department (ED) intubations.\nMethods:\n We used Vizient administrative data from hospitalizations of 22,374 adults >75 years whounderwent non-traumatic ED intubation from 2008-2015 at nearly 300 U.S. hospitals to develop andvalidate an index to predict in-hospital mortality. We randomly selected one half of participants for thedevelopment cohort and one half for the validation cohort. Considering 25 potential predictors, wedeveloped a multivariable logistic regression model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operatormethod to determine factors associated with in-hospital mortality. We calculated risk scores using pointsderived from the final model’s beta coefficients. To evaluate calibration and discrimination of the finalmodel, we used Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test and receiver-operating characteristic analysis andcompared mortality by risk groups in the development and validation cohorts.\nResults:\n Death during the index hospitalization occurred in 40% of cases. The final model included sixvariables: history of myocardial infarction, history of cerebrovascular disease, history of metastatic cancer,age, admission diagnosis of sepsis, and admission diagnosis of stroke/ intracranial hemorrhage. Thosewith low-risk scores (<6) had 31% risk of in-hospital mortality while those with high-risk scores (>10) had58% risk of in-hospital mortality. The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square of the model was 6.47 (p=0.09), andthe c-statistic was 0.62 in the validation cohort.\nConclusion:\n The model may be useful in identifying older adults at high risk of death after ED intubation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Mortality prediction, geriatrics, shared decision making"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20611292","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ouchi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine\nBrigham and Women's Hospital\nHarvard Medical School","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hohmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vizient, Center for Advanced Analytics, Irving, Texas\nRush University, Department of Health Systems Management, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tadahiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ueda","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Aaronson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Pallin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts\nHarvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marcia","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Testa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, Massachusetts\nHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Tulsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Boston, Massachusetts\nBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeremiah","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Schuur","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts\nHarvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mara","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Schonberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-12-14T12:52:07-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-12-14T12:52:07-05:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T16:46:51-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10502/galley/5773/download/"}]},{"pk":10161,"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Prehospital Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock: Outcomes of the Cal-PAT Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n The California Prehospital Antifibrinolytic Therapy (Cal-PAT) study seeks to assess thesafety and impact on patient mortality of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in cases of trauma-inducedhemorrhagic shock. The current study further aimed to assess the feasibility of prehospital TXA administrationby paramedics within the framework of North American emergency medicine standards and protocols.\nMethods:\n This is an ongoing multi-centered, prospective, observational cohort study with a retrospectivechart-review comparison. Trauma patients identified in the prehospital setting with signs of hemorrhagicshock by first responders were administered one gram of TXA followed by an optional second one-gram doseupon arrival to the hospital, if the patient still met inclusion criteria. Patients administered TXA make up theprehospital intervention group. Control group patients met the same inclusion criteria as TXA candidates andwere matched with the prehospital intervention patients based on mechanism of injury, injury severity score,and age. The primary outcomes were mortality, measured at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 28 days. Secondaryoutcomes measured included the total blood products transfused and any known adverse events associatedwith TXA administration.\nResults:\n We included 128 patients in the prehospital intervention group and 125 in the control group.Although not statistically significant, the prehospital intervention group trended toward a lower 24-hourmortality rate (3.9% vs 7.2% for intervention and control, respectively, p=0.25), 48-hour mortality rate (6.3%vs 7.2% for intervention and control, respectively, p=0.76), and 28-day mortality rate (6.3% vs 10.4% forintervention and control, respectively, p=0.23). There was no significant difference observed in knownadverse events associated with TXA administration in the prehospital intervention group and control group. Areduction in total blood product usage was observed following the administration of TXA (control: 6.95 units;intervention: 4.09 units; p=0.01).\nConclusion:\n Preliminary evidence from the Cal-PAT study suggests that TXA administration may be safe inthe prehospital setting with no significant change in adverse events observed and an associated decreaseduse of blood products in cases of trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock. Given the current sample size, astatistically significant decrease in mortality was not observed. Additionally, this study demonstrates thatit may be feasible for paramedics to identify and safely administer TXA in the prehospital setting.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"tranexamic acid"},{"word":"anti-fibrinolytic"},{"word":"TXA"},{"word":"hemorrhagic shock"},{"word":"Pre-hospital"},{"word":"Trauma"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92q4f24b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Neeki","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Fanglong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jake","middle_name":"","last_name":"Toy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vara","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jabourian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alex","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jabourian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Reza","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vaezazizi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Inland Counties Emergency Medical Agency, San Bernardino, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kathryn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Seiler","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Troy","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Pennington","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"City of Rialto Fire Department, Rialto, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yoshida-McMath","name_suffix":"","institution":"Inland Counties Emergency Medical Agency, San Bernardino, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kissel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Riverside County Emergency Services Agency, Riverside, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Katharine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz-Costello","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jamish","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mistry","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Surrusco","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karen","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"O’Bosky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daved","middle_name":"","last_name":"Van Stralen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ludi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Riverside County Emergency Services Agency, Riverside, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rodney","middle_name":"","last_name":"Borger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sporer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Benson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Napa County EMS Agency, Napa, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eugene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kwong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pitts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Culhane","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Colton, California\nCalifornia University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-08-15T23:15:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-08-15T23:15:37-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T16:40:49-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10161/galley/5561/download/"}]},{"pk":10319,"title":"Feasibility of an ED-to-Home Intervention to Engage Patients: A Mixed-Methods Investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Older, chronically ill patients with limited health literacy are often under-engagedin managing their health and turn to the emergency department (ED) for healthcare needs. Wetested the impact of an ED-initiated coaching intervention on patient engagement and follow-updoctor visits in this high-risk population. We also explored patients’ care-seeking decisions.\nMethods:\n We conducted a mixed-methods study including a randomized controlled trial andin-depth interviews in two EDs in northern Florida. Participants were chronically ill older EDpatients with limited health literacy and Medicare as a payer source. Patients were assignedto an evidence-based coaching intervention (n= 35) or usual post-ED care (n= 34). Qualitativeinterviews (n=9) explored patients’ reasons for ED use. We assessed average between-groupdifferences in patient engagement over time with the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) tool,using logistic regression and a difference-in-difference approach. Between-group differences infollow-up doctor visits were determined. We analyzed qualitative data using open coding andthematic analysis.\nResults:\n PAM scores fell in both groups after the ED visit but fell signi ficantly more in “usualcare” (average decline -4.64) than “intervention” participants (average decline -2.77) (β=1.87,p=0.043). There were no between-group differences in doctor visits. Patients described wellinformedreasons for ED visits including onset and severity of symptoms, lack of timely provideraccess, and immediate and comprehensive ED care.\nConclusion:\n The coaching intervention significantly reduced declines in pati ent engagementobserved after usual post-ED care. Patients reported well-informed reasons for ED use andwill likely continue to make ED visits unless strategies, such as ED-initiated coaching, areimplemented to help vulnerable patients better manage their health and healthcare.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Health Literacy"},{"word":"Patient Engagement"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"Care Transitions"},{"word":"mixed methods"}],"section":"Health Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q8t832","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Schumacher","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Department of Emergency Medicine, Gainesville, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Lutz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina-Wilmington, College of Health and Human Services, School of Nursing, Wilmington, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Allyson","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Hall","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Health Services Administration, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jesse","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Pines","name_suffix":"","institution":"The George Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Health Policy & Management, Washington, DC","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina-Wilmington, College of Health and Human Services, School of Social Work, Wilmington, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Phyllis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hendry","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Colleen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kalynych","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Donna","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Carden","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Department of Emergency Medicine, Gainesville, Florida","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-09-16T19:02:09-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-09-16T19:02:09-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T15:57:17-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10319/galley/5674/download/"}]},{"pk":10358,"title":"Optimizing the Use of a Precious Resource: The Role of Emergency Physicians in a Humanitarian Crisis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Emergency physicians (EP) are uniquely suited to provide care in crises as a result of their broadtraining, ability to work quickly and effectively in high-pressure, austere settings, and their inherentflexibility. While emergency medicine training is helpful to support the needs of crisis-affected anddisplaced populations, it is not in itself sufficient. In this article we review what an EP should carefullyconsider prior to deployment.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Humanitarian crises, emergency medicine, global health"}],"section":"Ethical and Legal Issues","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24b1044f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Parveen","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Parmar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of International Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"P. Gregg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Greenough","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of International Emergency Medicine and Humanitarian Programs, Cambridge,\nMassachusetts\nBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-01T11:47:00-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-01T11:47:00-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T15:29:50-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10358/galley/5696/download/"}]},{"pk":61257,"title":"[Front Matter]","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s43j99h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"PBLJ","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T16:40:45-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T16:40:45-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61257/galley/47293/download/"}]},{"pk":61262,"title":"Judicial Review of Peace Initiatives","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In Province of North Cotabato v. Government of the Republic of the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, the Supreme Court of the Philippines struck down a preliminary document that identified guideposts for future peace negotiations with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Separatists’ aspirations are unlikely to be embodied in existing Constitutions, since it is precisely because their aspirations are inconsistent with those of the majority that they are fighting against the State. As a result, peace agreements stretch Constitutions to make room for these aspirations. But when judicial review is invoked to check these agreements, peace agreements risk being declared unconstitutional. Few peace agreements then can survive judicial scrutiny because judicial review enforces the status quo, therefore judicial review makes attaining peace difficult or impossible.\n \nTo avoid a legal dead end, I propose an approach to the review of peace agreements. We presume that they are valid and look beyond the provisions relating to the creation of autonomous regions. We should look to other constitutional values and judicial review should be undertaken with a view to ensuring that the goals of peace and tolerance are achieved. This approach skews the review process and places an extraordinary burden on those challenging the peace instrument as unconstitutional.\nThis Paper was originally delivered at the 6th Asian Constitutional Law Forum with the theme “Constitutionalism in the Courts: Judicial Review and the Separation of Powers in Asia,” held at the National University of Singapore on December 10–11, 2015.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Province of North Cotabato v. Government of the Republic of the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain"},{"word":"Supreme Court of the Philippines"},{"word":"Moro Islamic Liberation Front"},{"word":"constitutional law"},{"word":"judicial review"},{"word":"peace agreements"},{"word":"Philippines"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41d3n13n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dante","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gatmaytan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of the Philippines","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T16:55:51-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T16:55:51-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61262/galley/47296/download/"}]},{"pk":61263,"title":"Petro Politics: Russian Conduct in the International Oil and Gas Market and the United States’ Need for a Strategic Administrative Response","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How should the United States respond to Russia’s increasingly anticompetitive conduct in the oil and gas market, especially given the Russian military involvement in the crises in Ukraine and Syria and the Russian leadership’s increasingly vitriolic anti-Western sentiment? This Article contemplates the potential role of several federal agencies, including the Department of Justice, Federal Trade Commission, and the United States Trade Representative, in the resolution of this issue. It then considers these various agencies’ potential restrictions to action, including both jurisdictional limitations and comity concerns. I use the resulting framework to analyze Russia’s anticompetitive conduct in the oil and gas industry to comparable issues, like anticompetitive action in the airline industry by foreign carriers and disruptive conduct in the international agriculture sector. Largely due to foreign policy concerns, previous Russian action, and the legal nuances of unilaterally navigating such a global issue, I find that the United States’ best opportunity is to pursue action through invoking the procedures of the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Body.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Russia"},{"word":"oil and gas market"},{"word":"anti-Western"},{"word":"Department of Justice"},{"word":"Federal Trade Commission"},{"word":"United States Trade Representative"},{"word":"Foreign policy"},{"word":"WTO"},{"word":"World Trade Organization"},{"word":"World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body"}],"section":"Notes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p6628zb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Curfman","name_suffix":"","institution":"American University, Washington College of Law","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T17:01:31-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T17:01:31-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61263/galley/47297/download/"}]},{"pk":61258,"title":"[Table of Contents]","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w9079sw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"PBLJ","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T16:41:35-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T16:41:35-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61258/galley/47294/download/"}]},{"pk":61260,"title":"Transnational Employment Trends in Four Pacific-Rim Countries","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Transnational employment occurs when employees are sent to foreign countries by their employers to perform services. Transnational employment presents both employers and employees with a great deal of uncertainty. Despite drafted agreements, uncertainty still lingers due to the locally-regulated nature of labor and employment relations. Neither domestic regulations of labor and employment relations nor international law has thoroughly considered transnational employment. While transnational employment relationships have become common, the law has not evolved with this growth. This article will address how four countries in the Pacific Rim have confronted the growing complexities of transnational employment, including their visa processes, related laws and regulations, and their potential shortcomings.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"employment"},{"word":"transnational employment"},{"word":"labor relations"},{"word":"employment relations"},{"word":"International Law"},{"word":"Pacific Rim"},{"word":"visas"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hj4663v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bales","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Lia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alizia","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Masako","middle_name":"","last_name":"Banno","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jockel","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Melissa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pang","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tso","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-19T16:49:35-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-19T16:49:35-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-19T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61260/galley/47295/download/"}]},{"pk":44362,"title":"An Atypical, Yet Not Uncommon Patient with Acute Gouty Foot Pain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gt3b0t0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Chen ","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-18T14:08:39-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44362/galley/33158/download/"}]},{"pk":44266,"title":"Management of a Pregnant Woman with Marfan Syndrome and an Ascending Aorta Pseudoaneurysm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k38r9xx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Diana","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Wolfe","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Criley","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Margaret","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Yonekura","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Priya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pillutla","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-17T16:35:28-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44266/galley/33065/download/"}]},{"pk":10366,"title":"Physician Variability in Management of Emergency Department Patients with Chest Pain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Chest pain is a common emergency department (ED) presentation accounting for 8-10million visits per year in the United States. Physician-level factors such as risk tolerance are predictive ofadmission rates. The recent advent of accelerated diagnostic pathways and ED observation units mayhave an impact in reducing variation in admission rates on the individual physician level.\nMethods:\n We conducted a single-institution retrospective observational study of ED patients with adiagnosis of chest pain as determined by diagnostic code from our hospital administrative database.We included ED visits from 2012 and 2013. Patients with an elevated troponin or an electrocardiogram(ECG) demonstrating an ST elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. Patients were divided into twogroups: “admission” (this included observation and inpatients) and “discharged.” We stratified physiciansby age, gender, residency location, and years since medical school. We controlled for patient- andhospital-related factors including age, gender, race, insurance status, daily ED volume, and lab values.\nResults:\n Of 4,577 patients with documented dispositions, 3,252 (70.9%) were either admitted to thehospital or into observation (in an ED observation unit or in the hospital), while 1,333 (29.1%) weredischarged. Median number of patients per physician was 132 (interquartile range 89-172). Averageadmission rate was 73.7±9.5% ranging from 54% to 96%. Of the 3,252 admissions, 2,638 (81.1%) wereto observation. There was significant variation in the admission rate at the individual physician level withadjusted odds ratio ranging from 0.42 to 5.8 as compared to the average admission. Among physicians’characteristics, years elapsed since finishing medical school demonstrated a trend towards associationwith a higher admission probability.\nConclusion:\n There is substantial variation among physicians in the management of patients presentingwith chest pain, with physician experience playing a role.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"chest pain, emergency department, small area variation"}],"section":"Practice Variability","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n63q0xv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Smulowitz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Orit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Barrett","name_suffix":"","institution":"Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Center, Be’er Sheva, Israel","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Hall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of\nEmergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shamai","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Grossman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Edward","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Ullman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Victor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Novak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Internal Medicine, Be’er Sheva, Israel","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-04T02:20:51-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-04T02:20:51-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T15:24:20-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10366/galley/5700/download/"}]},{"pk":2820,"title":"Language, Learning, and Literacy: Understanding the Social Linguistic Context of African-American Students as a Value in Library Services to Diverse Children in the United States","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the impact of language on literacy and learning within the contexts of linguistic theory, language acquisition theory, and social cognition as having a causal relationship with low achievement in reading, writing, and speaking Standard American English. In expanding the concept of literacy, this paper is premised on the notion that African-Americans, who exhibit difficulty learning to read, write, and speak Standard American English, qualify as English Language Learners in the United States. As such, these individuals are entitled to the same considerations as other English Language Learners. Drawing on the 1996 Oakland Resolution on Ebonics and tracing the events that followed its passing, this research aims to provide librarians and library and information science (LIS) educators a contextual framework of African-American students that will be useful in building the unique skills, knowledge, and abilities that today’s librarians need – if they are to effectively provide the cutting-edge library services this country’s growing number of distinctly urban environments require.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Ebonics, Literacy, Children's Library Services, Language, Libraries"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kc0s2hk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shari","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. John's University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-06T04:13:17-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-06T04:13:17-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T14:15:43-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2820/galley/1672/download/"}]},{"pk":44289,"title":"A Life Saving Episode of Low Back Pain -- Discovering an Indolent Multiple Myeloma","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v29c4rb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anthony","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bejjani","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mattimore","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-17T13:42:20-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44289/galley/33088/download/"}]},{"pk":10140,"title":"Screening for Victims of Sex Trafficking in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Estimates suggest that hundreds of thousands of sex trafficking victims live in theUnited States. Several screening tools for healthcare professionals to identify sex trafficking victimshave been proposed, but the effectiveness of these tools in the emergency department (ED) remainsunclear. Our primary objective in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a screening survey toidentify adult victims of sex trafficking in the ED. We also compared the sensitivity of emergencyphysician concern and a screening survey for identifying sex trafficking victims in the ED anddetermined the most effective question(s) for identifying adult victims of sex trafficking.\nMethods:\n We enrolled a convenience sample of medically stable female ED patients, age 18-40 years.Patients completed a 14-question survey. Physician concern for sex trafficking was documented priorto informing the physician of the survey results. A “yes” answer to any question or physician concernwas considered a positive screen, and the patient was offered social work consultation. We defined a“true positive” as a patient admission for or social work documentation of sex trafficking. Demographicand clinical information were collected from the electronic medical record.\nResults:\n We enrolled 143 patients, and of those 39 (27%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [20%-35%])screened positive, including 10 (25%, 95% CI [13%-41%]) ultimately identified as victims of sextrafficking. Sensitivity of the screening survey (100%, 95% CI [74%-100%]) was better than physicianconcern (40%, 95% CI [12%-74%]) for identifying victims of sex trafficking, difference 60%, 95% CI[30%-90%]. Physician specificity (91%, 95% CI [85%-95%]), however, was slightly better than thescreening survey (78%, 95% CI [70%-85%]), difference 13%, 95% CI [4%-21%]. All 10 (100%, 95%CI[74%-100%]) “true positive” cases answered “yes” to the screening question regarding abuse.\nConclusion:\n Identifying adult victims of sex trafficking in the ED is feasible. A screening survey appearsto have greater sensitivity than physician concern, and a single screening question may be sufficient toidentify all adult victims of sex trafficking in the ED","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sex trafficking"},{"word":"Human Trafficking"},{"word":"screening"}],"section":"Injury Prevention and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rr3q8q5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bryn","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Mumma","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Davis","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marisa","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Scofield","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lydia","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Mendoza","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Yalda","middle_name":"","last_name":"Toofan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Justin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Youngyunpipatkul","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-08-08T13:57:22-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-08-08T13:57:22-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:27:43-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10140/galley/5552/download/"}]},{"pk":10412,"title":"Difference in R01 Grant Funding Among Osteopathic and Allopathic Emergency Physicians over the Last Decade","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Receiving an R01 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is regarded as amajor accomplishment for the physician researcher and can be used as a means of scholarly activityfor core faculty in emergency medicine (EM). However, the Accreditation Council for GraduateMedical Education requires that a grant must be obtained for it to count towards a core facultymember’s scholarly activity, while the American Osteopathic Association states that an applicationfor a grant would qualify for scholarly activity whether it is received or not. The aim of the study wasto determine if a medical degree disparity exists between those who successfully receive an EM R01grant and those who do not, and to determine the publication characteristics of those recipients.\nMethods:\n We queried the NIH RePORTER search engine for those physicians who received anR01 grant in EM. Degree designation was then determined for each grant recipient based on aweb-based search involving the recipient’s name and the location where the grant was awarded.The grant recipient was then queried through PubMed central for the total number of publicationspublished in the decade prior to receiving the grant.\nResults:\n We noted a total of 264 R01 grant recipients during the study period; of those who receivedthe award, 78.03% were allopathic physicians. No osteopathic physician had received an R01 grantin EM over the past 10 years. Of those allopathic physicians who received the grant, 44.17% held adual degree. Allopathic physicians had an average of 48.05 publications over the 10 years prior togrant receipt and those with a dual degree had 51.62 publications.\nConclusion:\n Allopathic physicians comprise the majority of those who have received an R01 grantin EM over the last decade. These physicians typically have numerous prior publications and anadvanced degree.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Research Methods","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sk2s43h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Martina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Antony","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke Lifepoint Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Savino","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke Lifepoint Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ashurst","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke Lifepoint Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-23T16:33:27-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-23T16:33:27-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:25:11-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10412/galley/5724/download/"}]},{"pk":10476,"title":"Effectiveness of Resident Physicians as Triage Liaison Providers in an Academic Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Emergency department (ED) crowding is associated with detrimental effects on EDquality of care. Triage liaison providers (TLP) have been used to mitigate the effects of crowding.Prior studies have evaluated attending physicians and advanced practice providers as TLPs, withlimited data evaluating resident physicians as TLPs. This study compares operational performanceoutcomes between resident and attending physicians as TLPs.\nMethods:\n This retrospective cohort study compared aggregate operational performance at anurban, academic ED during pre- and post-TLP periods. The primary outcome was defined ascost-effectiveness based upon return on investment (ROI). Secondary outcomes were defined asdifferences in median ED length of stay (LOS), median door-to-provider (DTP) time, proportion of leftwithout being seen (LWBS), and proportion of “very good” overall patient satisfaction scores.\nResults:\n Annual profit generated for physician-based collections through LWBS capture (afterdeducting respective salary costs) equated to a gain (ROI: 54%) for resident TLPs and a loss(ROI: -31%) for attending TLPs. Accounting for hospital-based collections made both profitable,with gains for resident TLPs (ROI: 317%) and for attending TLPs (ROI: 86%). Median DTP time forresident TLPs was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than attending or historical control. Proportion of “verygood” patient satisfaction scores and LWBS was improved for both resident and attending TLPs overhistorical control. Overall median LOS was not significantly different.\nConclusion:\n Resident and attending TLPs improved DTP time, patient satisfaction, and LWBSrates. Both resident and attending TLPs are cost effective, with residents having a more favorablefinancial profile.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"triage liaison provider"},{"word":"resident"},{"word":"administration"},{"word":"door-to-provider"}],"section":"Education","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k20508j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Victoria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Weston","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sushil","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Jain","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gottlieb","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rush University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Amer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aldeen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Emergency Medical Education, US Acute Care Solutions, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gravenor","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Schmidt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sanjeev","middle_name":"","last_name":"Malik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-11-30T21:24:31-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-11-30T21:24:31-05:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:22:51-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10476/galley/5761/download/"}]},{"pk":10359,"title":"Pain Perception in Latino vs. Caucasian and Male vs. Female Patients: Is There Really a Difference?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Pain is a common emergency department (ED) complaint. It is important tounderstand the differences in pain perception among different ethnic and demographic populations.\nMethods:\n We applied a standardized painful stimulus to Caucasian and Latino adult patients todetermine whether the level of pain reported differed depending on ethnicity (N=100; 50 Caucasian[C], 50 Latino [L] patients) and gender (N=100; 59 female, 41 male). Patients had an initial painscore of 0 or 1. A blood pressure cuff was inflated 20 mm HG above the patient’s systolic bloodpressure and held for three minutes. Pain scores, using both a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) anda five-point Likert scale, were taken at the point of maximal stimulus (2 minutes 50 seconds afterinflation), and at one- and two-minute intervals post deflation.\nResults:\n There was a statistically significant difference between the Likert scale scores of Caucasianand Latino patients at 2min 50sec (mean rank: 4.35 [C] vs. 5.75 [L], p<0.01), but not on the VAS(mean value: 2.94 [C] vs. 3.46 [L], p=0.255). Women had a higher perception of pain than males at2min 50sec on the VAS (mean value: 3.86 [F] vs. 2.24 [M], p<0.0001), and the Likert scale (meanrank: 5.63 [F] vs. 4.21 [M], p<0.01).\nConclusion:\n Latinos and women report greater pain with a standardized pain stimulus as comparedto Caucasians and men.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"gender, ethnicity, pain, emergency department"}],"section":"Health Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2n54f3rj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Molly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aufiero","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Luke’s University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bethlehem,\nPennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Holly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stankewicz","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Luke’s University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bethlehem,\nPennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shaila","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quazi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aria Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia,\nPennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeanne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allentown,\nPennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jill","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stoltzfus","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Luke’s University Hospital, Research institute, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-01T20:39:52-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-01T20:39:52-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:18:49-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10359/galley/5697/download/"}]},{"pk":10353,"title":"Pitfalls in Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Low-Risk Chest Pain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Less than half of patients with a chest pain history indicative of acute coronary syndrome havea diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) on initial presentation to the emergency department. Thephysician must dissect the ECG for elusive, but perilous, characteristics that are often missed bymachine analysis. ST depression is interpreted and often suggestive of ischemia; however, whenexclusive to leads V1‒V3 with concomitant tall R waves and upright T waves, a posterior infarctionshould first and foremost be suspected. Likewise, diffuse ST depression with elevation in aVR shouldraise concern for left main- or triple-vessel disease and, as with the aforementioned, these ECGfindings are grounds for acute reperfusion therapy. Even in isolation, certain electrocardiographicfindings can suggest danger. Such is true of the lone T-wave inversion in aVL, known to precedean inferior myocardial infarction. Similarly, something as ordinary as an upright and tall T wave ora biphasic T wave can be the only marker of ischemia. ECG abnormalities, however subtle, shouldgive pause and merit careful inspection since misinterpretation occurs in 20-40% of misdiagnosedmyocardial infarctions.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency medicine, cardiology, low-risk chest pain"}],"section":"Patient Safety","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nq6n3dk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Semhar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tewelde","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Amal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mattu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nBaltimore, Maryland","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Brady, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nCharlottesville, Virginia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-09-30T00:36:20-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-09-30T00:36:20-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:16:23-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10353/galley/5693/download/"}]},{"pk":10407,"title":"Derivation and Validation of The Prehospital Difficult Airway IdentificationTool (PreDAIT): A Predictive Model for Difficult Intubation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Endotracheal intubation (ETI) in the prehospital setting poses unique challengeswhere multiple ETI attempts are associated with adverse patient outcomes. Early identificationof difficult ETI cases will allow providers to tailor airway-man agement efforts to minimizecomplications associated with ETI. We sought to derive and validate a prehospital difficult airwayidentification tool based on predictors of difficult ETI in other settings.\nMethods:\n We prospectively collected patient and airway data on all airway attempts from 16Advanced Life Support (ALS) ground emergency medical services (EMS) agencies from January2011 to October 2014. Cases that required more than two ETI attempts and cases where analternative airway strategy (e.g. supraglottic airway) was employed after one unsuccessful ETIattempt were categorized as “difficult.” We used a random allocation sequence to split the datainto derivation and validation subsets. Using backward elimination, factors with a p<0.1 wereincluded in the multivariable regression for the derivation cohort and then tested in the validationcohort. We used this model to determine the area under the curve (AUC), and the sensitivity andspecificity for each cut point in both the derivation and valida tion cohorts.\nResults:\n We collected data on 1,102 cases with 568 in the derivation set (155 difficult cases;27%) and 534 in the validation set (135 difficult cases; 25%). O f the collected variables,five factors were predictive of difficult ETI in the derivation m odel (adjusted odds ratio, 95%confidence interval [CI]): Glasgow coma score [GCS] >3 (2.15, 1. 19-3.88), limited neckmovement (2.24, 1.28-3.93), trismus/jaw clenched (2.24, 1.09-4. 6), inability to palpate thelandmarks of the neck (5.92, 2.77-12.66), and fluid in the airwa y such as blood or emesis (2.25,1.51-3.36). This was the most parsimonious model and exhibited good fit (Hos mer-Lemeshowtest p = 0.167) with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI [0.64-0.73]). When applied to the validatio n set,the model had an AUC of 0.63 (0.58-0.68) with high specificity for identifying di fficult ETI if >2factors were present (87.7% (95% CI [84.1-90.8])).\nConclusion:\n We have developed a simple tool using five factors that may aid p rehospitalproviders in the identification of difficult ETI.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"prehospital"},{"word":"out-of-hospital"},{"word":"intubation"},{"word":"paramedic"},{"word":"emergency medical services"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wm8j7wh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jestin","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Carlson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Allegheny Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania\nUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Emergency Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hostler","name_suffix":"","institution":"University at Buffalo, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Buffalo, New York\nUniversity at Buffalo, Department of Emergency Medicine, Buffalo, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francis","middle_name":"X.","last_name":"Guyette","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh, Department of Emergency Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pinchalk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pittsburgh Emergency Medical Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martin-Gill","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh, Department of Emergency Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-20T22:16:56-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-20T22:16:56-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-17T12:13:37-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10407/galley/5721/download/"}]},{"pk":44288,"title":"Olmesartan-Associated Enteropathy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nv7t1k1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hong-Phuc","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tran","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Arun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Karlamangla","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-16T13:41:21-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44288/galley/33087/download/"}]},{"pk":2059,"title":"Teaching Strategies to Develop Inquiry and Literacy Skills: Languaging in Foreign Language Immersion Education","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One-way, or foreign language, immersion schools face unique challenges as they seek to support the literacy development of their students. This manuscript draws on sociocultural theories of literacy development and the concept of \nlanguaging\n, the process of using language to make meaning. Working with two classrooms over one semester, we asked: \nHow were fifth-grade students using language to make meaning and develop new skills during literacy activities? Where and when did students apply their learning?\n Teaching the strategies in English, the authors posit, provided students with moments of languaging, or talk about language, that allowed them to transfer certain strategies to target language instruction. Examples from our work demonstrate how explicit languaging\n \nabout literacy strategies in English\n \nhelped students to develop new research skills, which they later applied to inquiry projects completed in their school’s immersion language. However, while we witnessed students’ languaging\n \nin reference to literacy strategies, we rarely observed translanguaging, or students drawing upon their range of linguistic repertoires (English, Spanish, Bosnian, African American vernacular, and so on) to make meaning. We conclude by highlighting the potential of languaging\n \nto develop new literacy skills in language immersion education, as well as the need for future research on translanguaging\n \nin such contexts.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"translanguaging, immersion schooling, multilingual schooling, primary schooling"}],"section":"Teachers' Forum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v76m8mb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Husbye","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Missouri, St. Louis","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lisa","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Dorner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Missouri","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-28T12:31:43-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-28T12:31:43-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-15T12:38:07-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/2059/galley/1355/download/"}]},{"pk":58928,"title":"Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Contents","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52x659gz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"IPJLCR","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T10:51:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T10:51:37-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58928/galley/44969/download/"}]},{"pk":58933,"title":"Environmentalism and Human Rights Legal Framework: The Continued Frontier of Indigenous Resistance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Indigenous nations need to build a strategic resistance to dismantle the legal status quo and assert their inherent sovereignty and human legal rights to destroy the settler colonial project of climate change. This type of resistance needs to be internalized within the Indigenous nation and actively asserted throughout local, state, national, and international legal systems. This article takes a two-step approach: first, it argues that Native nations must internalize resistance to the settler colonial project of climate change and take substantial steps to implement tribal codes and adopt customary laws, supplemented with U.S. laws and programs, to protect their own people from the impacts of climate change. Second, this article argues that Native nations must assert their inherent sovereign rights, as well as their rights guaranteed under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UN DRIP), to demand government-to-government consultation and participation in future international climate change agreements and in U.S. national, state, and local environmental policies and programs. Settler colonial states are not honoring the sovereignty of Indigenous communities or focusing enough effort on finding solutions to the environmental harms of climate change and the particular impact those harms have on Indigenous communities. The solution is for Indigenous communities to develop a legal strategy that asserts their inherent sovereignty and UN DRIP rights in effort to force colonial settler states to honor and adopt a human rights legal framework that addresses climate change.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"environmentalism"},{"word":"Human Rights"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"native american rights"},{"word":"indigenous resistance"},{"word":"sovereign rights"},{"word":"UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People"},{"word":"UN DRIP"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s6639wt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Geneva","middle_name":"E. B.","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T11:15:58-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T11:15:58-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58933/galley/44974/download/"}]},{"pk":58927,"title":"Front Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Front Matter","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d9729p6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"IPJLCR","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T10:50:45-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T10:50:45-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58927/galley/44968/download/"}]},{"pk":58932,"title":"Gallery I","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Photographs, Standing Rock, North Dakota","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"No DAPL"},{"word":"DAPL"},{"word":"Dakota Access Pipeline"},{"word":"Standing Rock"},{"word":"water protectors"},{"word":"water is life"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"native american rights"}],"section":"Photography","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65h3b980","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T11:04:16-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T11:04:16-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58932/galley/44973/download/"}]},{"pk":58934,"title":"Gallery II","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Photographs, Standing Rock, Dakota","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Standing Rock"},{"word":"Dakota Access Pipeline"},{"word":"DAPL"},{"word":"No DAPL"},{"word":"water protectors"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"native american rights"},{"word":"Resistance"}],"section":"Photography Continued","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hv4t85h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T11:18:40-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T11:18:40-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58934/galley/44975/download/"}]},{"pk":58929,"title":"Letter from the Editor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Letter from the Editor","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Editorial","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v53x690","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Simone","middle_name":"","last_name":"Anter","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T10:52:52-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T10:52:52-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58929/galley/44970/download/"}]},{"pk":58931,"title":"Oceti Sakowin Camp","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Photograph, Oceti Sakowin Camp","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Photography"},{"word":"oceti sakowin camp"},{"word":"water protectors"},{"word":"water is life"},{"word":"DAPL"},{"word":"Dakota Access Pipeline"},{"word":"No DAPL"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"native american rights"}],"section":"Photography","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80s2d03c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cathy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hewitt","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T11:00:35-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T11:00:35-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58931/galley/44972/download/"}]},{"pk":58930,"title":"“Water is Life” Editoon","subtitle":null,"abstract":"“Water is Life” Editoon","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cartoon, water is life"},{"word":"DAPL"},{"word":"Dakota Access Pipeline"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"native american rights"}],"section":"Illustration","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w6177vz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marty","middle_name":"Sr.","last_name":"Two Bulls","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T10:57:00-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T10:57:00-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58930/galley/44971/download/"}]},{"pk":58935,"title":"White Man’s Elixir","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Poem","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Poetry"},{"word":"indigenous rights"},{"word":"indigenous resistance"},{"word":"native american resistance"},{"word":"art"}],"section":"Poetry","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h49k7t4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tekpatl","middle_name":"Tonalyohlotl","last_name":"Kuauhtzin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-14T11:24:04-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-14T11:24:04-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-14T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_ipjlcr/article/58935/galley/44976/download/"}]},{"pk":44287,"title":"Deep Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulable State as Presentation of Nephrotic Syndrome","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mt308kp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Coluzzi","name_suffix":"MD, MPH","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Reese","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-13T13:40:11-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44287/galley/33086/download/"}]},{"pk":44286,"title":"Splenomegaly, No Laughing Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7503s190","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Reese","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Coluzzi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-13T13:39:08-04:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44286/galley/33085/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44286/galley/33085/download/"}]},{"pk":33561,"title":"The Logic of Leaks, reconsidered","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Are leaks fast and slow? Does their “illicit aura” matter? Naomi Colvin dives into the debate about leaking and the politics of journalism today.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m53t0pp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Naomi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colvin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-13T13:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/33561/galley/24634/download/"}]},{"pk":5386,"title":"Vocalizations produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during mouth actions in aggressive and non-aggressive contexts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Dolphins exchange information with conspecifics using different types of vocalizations that are often associated with specific behaviors. The present study used simultaneous acoustic and video recordings of captive bottlenose dolphins (\nTursiops truncatus\n) in Honduras to describe potential correlations between the type of mouthing behavior (open mouth, mouthing, bite) and associated vocalizations (whistle, whistle-squawk, chirp, moan, burst-pulse ‘A’, burst-pulse ‘B’, clicks). Literature on sound-behavior relationships among odontocetes with the noted infrequent systematic analyses of mouth actions highlights the need for this investigation. The influence of aggression on vocalization use was also addressed. From this observational study a series of general expectations on the interaction of sound, mouth action, and aggressive context are presented. Mouth actions are associated with vocalizations more often than not, and results suggest an overall flexible association of vocalizations during mouth actions, with the production of various sounds altered during aggressive contexts. There is an apparent distinction of frequency-modulated sounds with mouthing, suggesting that frequency parameters are an important characteristic of information exchange during mouth actions, and further that mouth actions are individually distinct behaviors. A dichotomy of burst pulse sounds in association with aggressive and non-aggressive contexts also introduces the need to analyze pulsed sounds according to inter-pulse interval. This paper proposes that there may be an interactive function to the use of vocalizations during mouth actions that is not yet understood.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Dolphins"},{"word":"Acoustic communication"},{"word":"Mouthing"}],"section":"Stan Kuczaj Tribute","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01x7h4x2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Perazio","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern Mississippi","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stan","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Kuczaj II","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern Mississippi","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-07-13T21:01:56-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-07-13T21:01:56-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-12T00:04:01-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5386/galley/3241/download/"}]},{"pk":44285,"title":"Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma – A Rare and Aggressive Variant","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kw0q5p3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chow","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-11T13:37:39-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44285/galley/33084/download/"}]},{"pk":33562,"title":"Hacking/Journalism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Philip Di Salvo explores the trading zone between journalism and hacking.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gh405qc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Di Salvo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-11T13:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/33562/galley/24635/download/"}]},{"pk":33563,"title":"The Illicit Aura of Information","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Does the unfiltered, illicit status of a leak change the nature of information? Molly Sauter offers a consideration of the half-life of stolen data.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sz4f9gd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Molly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sauter","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-11T13:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/33563/galley/24636/download/"}]},{"pk":41652,"title":"Procerberus\n (Cimolestidae, Mammalia) from the Latest Cretaceous and Earliest Paleocene of the Northern Western Interior, USA","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Three species of the cimolestid \nProcerberus \nare currently recognized in the northern North American Western Interior in latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleocene (Puercan North American Land Mammal Age) faunas: \nP. formicarum\n,\n P. andesiticus\n, and\n P. grandis\n. Analysis of a new topotypic sample of \nP. formicarum\n from the Bug Creek Anthills locality provides an estimate of the range of variation of its postcanine dentition. The three currently recognized species occur in Puercan 1 (Pu1) interval zone faunas, but two other occurrences indicate that the genus originated and initially diversified prior to the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. Rare occurrences at several localities and entries in faunal lists suggest even greater taxonomic diversity. Limited evidence suggests continued diversification in the later Puercan and possible survival of the genus into the Torrejonian. \nProcerberus grandis\n or a closely related species may be a sister group of primitive taeniodonts.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Procerberus, Cimolestidae, Mammalia, Tullock Member, Fort Union Formation, Puercan, Montana"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dv645n5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Clemens","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Museum of Paleontology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-11T14:39:20-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-11T14:39:20-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-11T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41652/galley/31173/download/"}]},{"pk":3889,"title":"Metaphor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When tracing the epistemological but also thematic development of metaphor studies in Egyptology, what can be seen is a change from a typological perspective, which sought to categorize both motifs and metaphor types, to a more cognitive perspective, which was more interested in the processes behind the linguistic phenomena. In the last few years there has also been increased interest in the development of metaphors in pan-textual as well as multimodal perspective and in the usage and extent of metaphors in all range of phenomena, such as textual, graphemic, and even pictorial media.
","language":"eng","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics"},{"word":"discourse"},{"word":"analogy"},{"word":"Poetics"}],"section":"Language, Text and Writing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z62d3nn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Camilla","middle_name":"","last_name":"Di Biase Dyson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität Göttingen","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-07T09:34:00-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-07T09:34:00-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-10T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3889/galley/2501/download/"},{"label":"Metaphor version 1 with DOI","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3889/galley/31264/download/"}]},{"pk":5383,"title":"The valuation cost decreases as a function of extended exposure to a risky-choice procedure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Several studies in pigeons and rats have reported a predictable relation between latencies during no-choice trials and the ulterior preference in choice trials. The Sequential Choice Model (SCM) was proposed in 2008 to account for these results, and more importantly to make precise predictions about the correlation between latency and preference. Eight male Wistar rats were exposed to 48 sessions in a risk-sensitive procedure, each session was composed by 10 blocks of trials (2 no-choice and 4 choice trials). We analyzed data taking latencies of response and testing the SCM’s predictions. Our data support partially the SCM’s predictions, but a monotonic decrease to a floor effect in all latencies of response does not allow confirming all predictions. The results are discussed regarding a decrease in the valuation cost as a result of extended exposure, and arguing that diminishing latencies in this particular procedure contributed to increase the whole rate of reinforcement.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Latency, Choice, Sequential Choice Model (SCM), Risk-sensitive"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gt4w17m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Héctor","middle_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Camarena Pérez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Guadalajara","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Oscar","middle_name":"","last_name":"García-Leal","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Guadalajara","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-06-03T12:12:56-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-06-03T12:12:56-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-09T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5383/galley/3237/download/"}]},{"pk":10720,"title":"This Article Corrects: “Trends in NRMP Data from 2007-2014 for U.S. Seniors Matching into Emergency Medicine”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Erratum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87r6096z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"WestJEM","middle_name":"","last_name":"Publishing Office","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-04-03T15:00:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-04-03T15:00:50-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-07T17:22:36-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/10720/galley/5851/download/"}]},{"pk":44284,"title":"Extreme Thrombocytosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85m84617","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fukai","middle_name":"Leo","last_name":"Chuang","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-07T13:36:44-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44284/galley/33083/download/"}]},{"pk":44311,"title":"Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gv2p542","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fukai","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Chuang","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Juan","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Alcantar","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-06T15:39:58-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44311/galley/33109/download/"}]},{"pk":44304,"title":"Axillary Nerve Block for Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Fistula Creation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vx4p278","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Claudia","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Cao","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-06T14:17:50-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44304/galley/33102/download/"}]},{"pk":33564,"title":"On Reusable Pasts and Worn-out Futures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sara Tocchetti explores the reusable pasts of hacking and the worn-out productions of biohackers.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7751q4gd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tocchetti","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-05T13:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/33564/galley/24637/download/"}]},{"pk":9886,"title":"Clinician-Performed Bedside Ultrasound in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Dyspnea","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Diagnosing acute dyspnea is a critical action performed by Emergency Department (ED) physicians. It has been shown that ultrasound (US) can be incorporated into the work-up of the dyspneic patient; but there is little data demonstrating its effect on decision-making. \nObjectives\n: 1) To examine the impact of a bedside, clinician-performed cardiopulmonary US protocol on the clinical impression of ED physicians evaluating dyspneic patients; and 2) to measure the change in probability of the leading diagnosis before and after US. \nMethods:\n Prospective observational study of ED physicians treating adult patients with undifferentiated dyspnea in an urban academic center. Exclusion: known cause of dyspnea after evaluation. Outcomes: 1) percentage of post-US diagnosis matching final diagnosis; 2) percentage of time US changed providers’ leading diagnosis; and 3) change in providers’ confidence with the leading diagnosis before and after US. An US protocol was developed and standardized prior to the study. Providers (senior residents, fellows, attendings) were trained on US (didactics, hands-on) prior to enrollment, and were supervised by an US faculty member. After patient evaluation, providers listed likely diagnoses, documenting the probability of their leading diagnosis (scale of 1-10). After US, providers revised their lists and probabilities. Proportions are reported as percentages with 95%CI and continuous variables as medians with quartiles. The Wilcoxon rank-signed test and Cohen’s Kappa statistics were used to analyze data. \nResults:\n 115 patients were enrolled (median age: 61 [51, 73], 59% female). The most common diagnosis before US was CHF (41%, 95%CI, 32-50%), followed by COPD and asthma. CHF remained the most common diagnosis after US (46%, 95%CI, 38-55); COPD became less common (pre-US, 22%, 95%CI, 15-30%; post-US, 17%, 95%CI, 11-24%). Post-US clinical diagnosis matched the final diagnosis 63% of the time (95%CI, 53-70%), compared to 69% pre-US (95%CI, 60-76%). Fifty percent of providers changed their leading diagnosis after US (95%CI, 41-59%). Overall confidence of providers’ leading diagnosis increased after US (7 [6, 8]) vs. 9 [8, 9], p: 0.001). \nConclusions:\n Bedside US did not improve the diagnostic accuracy in physicians treating ED patients presenting with acute undifferentiated dyspnea. US, however, did improve providers’ confidence with their leading diagnosis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"critical care, dyspnea, point-of-care, ultrasound, ultrasonography"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s70k01x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dimitrios","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papanagnou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Thomas Jefferson University\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Secko","name_suffix":"","institution":"The State University of New York (SUNY) at Downstate Medical Center \nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gullett","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital of Harvard Medical School\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shariar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zehtabchi","name_suffix":"","institution":"The State University of New York (SUNY) at Downstate Medical Center \nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-06-13T09:47:23-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-06-13T09:47:23-04:00","date_published":"2017-04-03T15:24:12-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9886/galley/5435/download/"}]},{"pk":44415,"title":"Liver Toxicity Due to Nutritional Supplements","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mc0r65n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-04-02T13:16:20-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44415/galley/33209/download/"}]},{"pk":44303,"title":"Isolated Mechanical Tricuspid Valve Replacement in an Octogenarian, 25 Years Following Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20v4790h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"George","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mitchell","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Megha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Agarwal","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-30T14:16:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44303/galley/33101/download/"}]},{"pk":44302,"title":"Early Diagnosis of MODY","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mr4d259","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pouyan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Famini","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-29T14:15:44-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44302/galley/33100/download/"}]},{"pk":62742,"title":"A Bioenergetics Approach to Setting Conservation Objectives for Non-Breeding Shorebirds in California’s Central Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An extensive network of managed wetlands and flooded agriculture provides habitat for migrating and wintering shorebirds in California’s Central Valley. Yet with over 90% of historical wetlands in the region lost, Central Valley shorebird populations are likely diminished and limited by available habitat. To identify the timing and magnitude of any habitat limitations during the non-breeding season, we developed a bioenergetics model that examined whether currently available shorebird foraging habitat is sufficient to meet the daily energy requirements of the shorebird community, at either the baseline population size surveyed from 1992 to 1995 or double this size, which we defined as our long-term (100-year) population objectives. Using recent estimates of the extent of managed wetlands and flooded agriculture, satellite imagery of surface water, energy content of benthic invertebrates, and shorebird metabolic rates, we estimated that shorebird foraging habitat in the Central Valley is currently limited during the fall. If the population sizes were doubled, we estimated substantial energy shortfalls in the fall (late July–September) and spring (mid-March–April) totaling 4.02 billion kJ (95% CI: 2.23–5.83) and 7.79 billion kJ (2.00–14.14), respectively. We then estimated long-term habitat objectives as the minimum additional shorebird foraging habitat required to eliminate these energy shortfalls; the corresponding short-term (10-year) habitat objectives are to maintain an additional 2,160 ha (5,337 ac) of shallow (<10 cm) open water area in the fall and 4,692 ha (11,594 ac) in the spring. Because the Central Valley is one of the most important regions in the Pacific Flyway for migrating and wintering shorebirds, we expect that achieving these habitat objectives will benefit shorebirds well beyond the Central Valley. Our bioenergetics approach provides a transparent, repeatable process for identifying the timing and magnitude of habitat limitations as well as the most efficient strategies for achieving conservation objectives.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"benthic invertebrates, California, Central Valley Joint Venture, flooded agriculture"},{"word":"habitat objectives, managed wetlands, shorebirds"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd2q7sx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Dybala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Reiter","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Hickey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"David","last_name":"Shuford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Khara","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Strum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Audubon California","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central Valley Joint Venture","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T10:27:25-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T10:27:25-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62742/galley/48423/download/"}]},{"pk":62743,"title":"A General Framework for Setting Quantitative Population Objectives for Wildlife Conservation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Quantitative population objectives are necessary to successfully achieve conservation goals of secure or robust wildlife populations. However, existing methods for setting quantitative population objectives commonly require extensive species-specific population viability data, which are often unavailable or are based on estimates of historical population sizes, which may no longer represent feasible objectives. Conservation practitioners require an alternative, science-based method for setting long-term quantitative population objectives. We reviewed conservation biology literature to develop a general conceptual framework that represents conservation biology principles and identifies key milestones a population would be expected to pass in the process of becoming a recovered or robust population. We then synthesized recent research to propose general hypotheses for the orders of magnitude at which most populations would be expected to reach each milestone. The framework is structured as a hierarchy of four population sizes, ranging from \nvery small\n populations at increased risk of inbreeding depression and extirpation (< 1,000 adults) to \nlarge \npopulations with minimized risk of extirpation (> 50,000 adults), along with additional modifiers describing \nsteeply declining\n and \nresilient\n populations. We also discuss the temporal and geographic scales at which this framework should be applied. To illustrate the application of this framework to conservation planning, we outline our use of the framework to set long-term population objectives for a multi-species regional conservation plan, and discuss additional considerations in applying this framework to other systems. This general framework provides a transparent, science-based method by which conservation practitioners and stakeholders can agree on long-term population objectives of an appropriate magnitude, particularly when the alternative approaches are not feasible. With initial population objectives determined, long-term conservation planning and implementation can get underway, while further refinement of the objectives still remains possible as the population’s response to conservation effort is monitored and new data become available.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Conservation plan, conservation objectives, population viability, recovery plan, resilience"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12c7f6qv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Dybala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clipperton","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gardali","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Golet","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Rodd","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kelsey","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lorenzato","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"","last_name":"Melcer, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources & University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathaniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Seavy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Silveira","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central Valley Joint Venture","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T16:43:08-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T16:43:08-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62743/galley/48424/download/"}]},{"pk":62747,"title":"Bird Species at Risk in California’s Central Valley: A Framework for Setting Conservation Objectives","subtitle":null,"abstract":"http://escholarship.org/uc/item/63j6s1tb\nPopulations of many species of birds are declining worldwide from habitat loss and degradation and the effects of contamination, disease, and alien species. Effects have been great in California’s Central Valley from the loss of over 90% of its historical wetland and riparian habitats. Conservation initiatives at various geographic scales have ranged from protecting and restoring habitats or ecosystems for broad suites of species to ones identifying individual declining and vulnerable taxa and spurring actions to halt or reverse their population declines. In taking the first approach, the Central Valley Joint Venture initially focused on restoring habitats and populations of wintering and breeding waterfowl but currently promotes the conservation of all birds. This joint venture is setting population and habitat objectives for seven taxonomic or habitat bird groups, but to date little attention has been paid to at-risk species of particular conservation concern. We identified 38 at-risk species, subspecies, or distinct populations of birds that warrant heightened conservation efforts in the Central Valley. At-risk birds are unevenly distributed among subregions and habitat types in this valley, but most face the primary threat of habitat loss and degradation. The treatment of at-risk species varies greatly among the seven bird groups considered by the joint venture, and, overall, conservation objectives are not addressed specifically for 50% of the region’s at-risk taxa, though some surely benefit from objectives set for other groups. To adequately treat at-risk species, we recommend a framework for setting conservation objectives that evaluates assumptions about limiting factors, considers objectives already set for threatened and endangered species, assesses whether objectives set for other groups or focal species meet the needs of at-risk species lacking such objectives, establishes objectives for at-risk species for habitats or seasons not currently considered, and highlights information gaps to be filled to effectively set new or refined objectives.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Conservation ranking, species of concern, threatened and endangered, climate vulnerable, habitat loss, conservation planning, joint venture, implementation"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63j6s1tb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"David","last_name":"Shuford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Meghan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hertel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Audubon California","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T17:17:40-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T17:17:40-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62747/galley/48428/download/"}]},{"pk":62746,"title":"Conservation Objectives for Wintering and Breeding Waterbirds in California’s Central Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Birds associated with wetlands have declined historically across North America from extensive habitat loss and degradation. Among the regions most affected is California’s Central Valley, where over 90% of the wetland base has been lost. Still, this region remains of continental importance to waterbirds. On-the-ground conservation efforts for all bird groups are the focus of the Central Valley Joint Venture, guided by a periodically updated implementation plan. To track progress toward goal attainment, that plan sets time-bound, quantitative conservation goals. Lacking robust data on the size and trends of populations of most species of waterbirds in the Central Valley, we set conservation goals for this group by selecting 10 focal species. These species are of heightened conservation concern or are otherwise representative of the habitat needs of Central Valley waterbirds. Given the great loss of historical habitat, we assumed focal species populations have declined by ≥ 50%. Hence, we defined population objectives for most focal species as increasing their current populations by 10% over 10 years and doubling them in 100 years. The corresponding habitat objectives are to increase wetlands or enhance suitable crops for waterbirds in proportion to the population objectives. These include an increase over 10 years of 7,948 ha (19,641 acres) of winter seasonal wetlands, 921 ha (2,276 acres) each of semi-permanent and summer seasonal wetlands, and 573 ha (1,416 acres) of strategically placed riparian forest. Agricultural needs include additional winter flooding of 15,160 ha (37,461 acres) of rice and 2,137 ha (5,281 acres) of corn. We distributed the habitat objectives across five planning regions, in some cases favoring proportionally larger increases in those regions with the greatest need. To maximize success, however, conservationists must take into account the specific needs of individual waterbird species, as a one-size-fits-all approach will not support the highest diversity of waterbirds.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Focal species, habitat objectives, population objectives, joint ventures, waterbirds"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tp5m718","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"David","last_name":"Shuford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Dybala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T17:12:08-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T17:12:08-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62746/galley/48427/download/"}]},{"pk":62749,"title":"Population and Habitat Objectives for Avian Conservation in California’s Central Valley Grassland–Oak Savannah Ecosystems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In California’s Central Valley, grassland and oak savannah ecosystems provide multiple economic and social benefits, ecosystem services, and vital bird habitat. There is a growing interest in protecting, restoring, and managing these ecosystems, and the Central Valley Joint Venture (CVJV) provides leadership in the formulation of conservation goals and objectives. We defined a long-term goal of protecting, restoring, and managing Central Valley grassland and oak savannah ecosystems so that they are capable of supporting genetically robust, self-sustaining, and resilient wildlife populations. To measure progress toward this goal, we selected a suite of 12 landbird focal species that primarily breed in grasslands and oak savannahs as indicators of the state of these ecosystems on the Central Valley floor (primary focus area) and in the Central Valley’s surrounding foothills (secondary focus area). Using data on current densities and habitat extent, we estimated that at least three of the focal species populations in the primary focus area and at least two of the focal species populations in the secondary focus area are currently small (<10,000 individuals) and may be vulnerable to extirpation. Furthermore, at least two species appear to have steeply declining population trends. We defined long-term (100-year) population objectives for each focal species that we expect to meet the goal of genetically robust, self-sustaining, and resilient populations. We then estimated corresponding short-term (10-year) habitat objectives of 4,183 ha of additional grassland and 3,433 ha of additional oak savannah that will be required to make progress toward the long-term objectives. We expect that habitat restoration and enhancement efforts aimed at reaching these long-term conservation objectives will result in improvements to the function of Central Valley grassland and oak savannah ecosystems.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Avian conservation, California, Central Valley Joint Venture, conservation objectives, focal species, habitat restoration, grassland birds, grasslands, oak savannahs"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dn9f9b4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"DiGaudio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Dybala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathaniel","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Seavy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gardali","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T21:18:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T21:18:37-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62749/galley/48430/download/"}]},{"pk":62745,"title":"Population and Habitat Objectives for Avian Conservation in California's Central Valley Riparian Ecosystems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Riparian ecosystems provide important ecosystem services and recreational opportunities for people, and habitat for wildlife. In California’s Central Valley, government agencies and private organizations are working together to protect and restore riparian ecosystems, and the Central Valley Joint Venture provides leadership in the formulation of goals and objectives for avian conservation in riparian ecosystems. We defined a long-term conservation goal as the establishment of riparian ecosystems that provide sufficient habitat to support genetically robust, self-sustaining, and resilient bird populations. To achieve this goal, we selected a suite of 12 breeding riparian landbird focal species as indicators of the state of riparian ecosystems in each of four major Central Valley planning regions. Using recent bird survey data, we estimated that over half of the regional focal species populations are currently small (< 10,000) and may be vulnerable to extirpation, and two species have steeply declining population trends. For each focal species in each region, we defined long-term (100-year) population objectives that are intended to be conservation endpoints that we expect to meet the goal of genetically robust, self-sustaining, and resilient populations. We then estimated the long-term species density and riparian restoration objectives required to achieve the long-term population objectives. To track progress toward the long-term objectives, we propose short-term (10- year) objectives, including the addition of 12,919 ha (31,923 ac) of riparian vegetation in the Central Valley (by planning region: 3,390 ha in Sacramento, 2,390 ha in Yolo–Delta, 3,386 ha in San Joaquin, and 3,753 ha in Tulare). We expect that reaching these population, density, and habitat objectives through threat abatement, habitat restoration, and habitat enhancement will result in improvements to riparian ecosystem function and resilience that will benefit other wildlife populations and the people of the Central Valley and beyond.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Avian conservation, California, Central Valley Joint Venture, conservation objectives, focal species, habitat restoration, riparian ecosystems, riparian landbirds"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fb4k88r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Dybala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clipperton","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gardali","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Golet","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Rodd","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kelsey","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lorenzato","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Ron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Melcer, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources & University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathaniel","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Seavy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Silveira","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central Valley Joint Venture","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T17:07:52-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T17:07:52-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62745/galley/48426/download/"}]},{"pk":62741,"title":"The Science of Setting Conservation Objectives for Birds in California’s Central Valley: An Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Editorial","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hr1m395","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gardali","name_suffix":"","institution":"Point Blue Conservation Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Jaymee","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Marty","name_suffix":"","institution":"Marty Ecological Consulting, Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central Valley Joint Venture","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-26T10:21:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-26T10:21:37-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-29T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62741/galley/48422/download/"}]},{"pk":44307,"title":"Osteomyelitis Leading to Pyogenic Sacroiliitis in a Young Woman","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p17h4vc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steffanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wright","name_suffix":"MPH, MS","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ngo","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Saif","middle_name":"Al","last_name":"Yaseen","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-28T15:34:14-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44307/galley/33105/download/"}]},{"pk":44301,"title":"Coming to Grips with High Pressure Hand Injuries","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87x1m3j5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Miguel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lemus","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Derrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Darnsteadt","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-28T14:14:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44301/galley/33099/download/"}]},{"pk":3786,"title":"Gendered Technologies of Power: Experiencing and unmaking borderscapes in South Asia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Across South Asia, women migrate for employment within their home countries, within the region, and to more distant destination countries. Despite regular and ongoing transit, they are subject to restrictions on their mobility. How do migrant women workers confront and resist these restrictions? This question calls for an analytical approach that considers both the nature of the restrictive forces they confront and the resistance strategies they bring to bear. Scholarship on governmentality traces how nation states, as sovereigns, deploy a dual system of thought and management to exert control over populations and the nations they inhabit. Gendered migration governance at the legal and policy level maps one of many forces that restrict women’s mobility across the region. Within South Asia, social control over women is informed by not only legal, but also political, cultural, and ideological discourses that are anchored in patriarchal social systems. Women workers migrate through varied “borderscapes,” landscapes traversed by competing discourses and practices that seek to define parameters of mobility (Rajaram and Grundy-Warr 2007). Based on fieldwork conducted between October 2015 and July 2016, this paper considers how local, national, and regional networks of migrant women in South Asia circumvent restrictive policies and resist patriarchal binaries. Examining their modes of resistance, this study lends critical insight into how gendered technologies of power are experienced and unmade.","language":null,"license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Gender, Women, Mobility, Migration, Borders, Power"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9981q67g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shikha","middle_name":"Silliman","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-27T14:19:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-27T14:19:50-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-27T19:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3786/galley/2458/download/"}]},{"pk":44265,"title":"A Rare Cause of GI Bleeding in the Adult","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zt4c7d5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hamed","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nayeb-Hashemi","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Rimma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shaposhnikov","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-27T16:33:58-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44265/galley/33064/download/"}]},{"pk":44257,"title":"Diabetes in a Patient Treated with PD-I Inhibitor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tq42719","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oxman","name_suffix":"MD, MPH","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smooke","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-27T14:24:18-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44257/galley/33056/download/"}]},{"pk":44300,"title":"Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone after Orthopedic Surgery","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sh6m2qv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Leonard","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-27T14:13:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44300/galley/33098/download/"}]},{"pk":44264,"title":"Brown Tumor in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70t0c2rf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shira","middle_name":"","last_name":"Grock","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smooke-Praw","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-24T16:32:47-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44264/galley/33063/download/"}]},{"pk":33565,"title":"Refuse and Resist!","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Joan Donovan dives into the dumpster of the Internet, and comes up holding some tasty ideas about what","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bw683jr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Donovan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2017-03-24T13:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/33565/galley/24638/download/"}]},{"pk":2818,"title":"Editor's Note Winter 2017","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editor's Note","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n52g3rc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stacy","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Wood","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-03-23T16:00:09-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-03-23T16:00:09-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-23T16:17:44-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2818/galley/1670/download/"}]},{"pk":2816,"title":"Track Changes: a literary history of the word processor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Kirschenbaum, Matthew G.,\n Track Changes: a literary history of the word processor\n. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-674-41707-6","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"book review"},{"word":"Word Processing"},{"word":"Literature"}],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95t7d2pw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Erickson","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-02-10T12:50:01-05:00","date_accepted":"2017-02-10T12:50:01-05:00","date_published":"2017-03-23T15:58:12-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2816/galley/1668/download/"}]},{"pk":2813,"title":"Microaggressions, Marginality, and Mediation at the Intersections: Experiences of Black Fat Women in Academia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study bridges scholarship on the topic of racial microaggressions and conceptions of body size in relation to gender by focusing on the lived experiences of Black fat women as they navigate academic settings. Previous literature on body size rarely accounts for how other social identities such as race, class, ability, and sexuality impact the particular manifestations of discrimination that is experienced. Further, literature on the experiences of marginalization due to body size primarily focuses on perceptions of health and beauty. Informed by Critical Race Theory, Black Feminism, and Fat Studies the narratives of three Black women who have completed their bachelor’s degree were captured through counterstorytelling, a methodology born out of Critical Race Theory to purposefully center the experiences of People of Color and directly challenge dominant and oppressive ideologies. This study presents the possibilities of how this reality represents a necessary facet of marginalization that should be further examined to deepen our awareness of the heterogeneity of Black people.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Critical Race Theory, Black Feminism, Racial Microaggressions, Fat Studies"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9934r39k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Senyonga","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-10-21T22:06:35-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-10-21T22:06:35-04:00","date_published":"2017-03-23T15:57:54-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2813/galley/1666/download/"}]}]}