{"count":38464,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=22500","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=22300","results":[{"pk":50924,"title":"Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Electrocardiogram","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Visual EM","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p94p41z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brianna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miner","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Patane","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Carrie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chandwani","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-09-13T16:06:08-04:00","date_accepted":"2016-09-13T16:06:08-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_jetem/article/50924/galley/38883/download/"}]},{"pk":46799,"title":"Wyoming: \"A Net Positive Session\"","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Wyoming’s general legislative session concluded March 6, 2015 with the passage of 185 bills and nearly $285 million in new\n \nspending.[1] Because this was a general session rather than a budget session, very few budget issues were addressed. However, key budgetary matters this year included: (1) addressing a $222 million shortfall brought about by falling oil prices and (2) several new capital construction projects spread across the state and at the University of Wyoming. Wyoming democrats in the legislature were profoundly disappointed by one financial measure, the failure to pass a Medicaid expansion plan. According to Mary Throne, House Minority Floor Leader, “We had the ability to insure 17,000 people and save the state money. We had the support of business, local governments—certainly the support of my community, the largest city in the state—and yet for completely illogical reasons it was rejected.\"\n \n[1] This legislative session was a “regular” session rather than a “budget” session, meaning that only supplementary budget issues could be considered. Even-numbered years are reserved for budget sessions, while odd-numbered years are reserved for the general session.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"state government"},{"word":"budget"},{"word":"fiscal policy"},{"word":"taxes"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt4x361","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Schuhmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wyoming","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2017-06-09T17:50:26-04:00","date_accepted":"2017-06-09T17:50:26-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cjpp/article/46799/galley/35399/download/"}]},{"pk":46697,"title":"Wyoming: Timid and Fearful? Wise and Safe?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Wyoming’s twenty-day budget session (the Wyoming Constitution allows for twenty days, but it took only nineteen) concluded with a $3.3 billion state biennial budget that some lawmakers called “timid and fearful” while others called it “strategic”.  Convened on February 10 and adjourned on March 6, lawmakers passed 132 bills, including the biennial budget where the consensus is that this year’s budget is not much different from the current budget.  Indeed, the 2014 session seemed to be dominated more by non-budget items than profound budgetary matters.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3130q8sh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Schuhmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wyoming","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tracy","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Skopek","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wyoming","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2016-02-05T17:58:52-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-02-05T17:58:52-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cjpp/article/46697/galley/35344/download/"}]},{"pk":59169,"title":"Zika: The Formidable Speed of Viral Spread","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95c9d6f5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michelle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verghese","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2017-01-28T11:33:01-05:00","date_accepted":"2017-01-28T11:33:01-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59169/galley/45186/download/"}]},{"pk":34949,"title":"Darai verb agreement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Darai, an Indo-Aryan language of Nepal, displays interactions of person, number, gender, honorifics, and case in its verb agreement system. Darai verbs not only agree with the subject in person, number, gender and case but also with the subject and objects simultaneously in transitive and ditransitive verbs. Moreover, like some other Indo-Aryan languages, such as Maithili (Yadav 1997 [1996]; Yadava 1999), and Rajbanshi (Wilde 2008), Darai shows agreement with the genitive modifier rather than the head noun. Furthermore, the verbs also agree with the dative subject. In addition to the above patterns, verb agreement is complex and is also controlled by the pragmatic status of information. Thus, the selection of agreement markers is triggered not only by certain syntactic constructions but also by pragmatic factors. Darai shares a number of agreement patterns with its Indo-Aryan neighbours, whereas other patterns are specific to Darai. The agreement patterns discussed in this article will be useful in analyses of agreement in other Indo-Aryan languages.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"verb agreement, single agreement, double agreement, dative subject agreement"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15f8q5p9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dubi","middle_name":"Nanda","last_name":"Dhakal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tribhuvan University, \nKathmandu, Nepal","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-03T21:10:13-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-03T21:10:13-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/34949/galley/26064/download/"}]},{"pk":34945,"title":"Outline of Chocha-Ngacha","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first attempt to provide the outlines of the Chocha-ngachakha, a Tibetic language spoken in Eastern Bhutan.\nThis language (particularly the Tokari dialect described here) has preserved many archaic features and can be considered as the 'most archaic Tibetic language' spoken in the southern Himalayas.\nthe linguistic conservatism of Tsamang Chocha-ngachakha is not confined to phonology but extends to grammar and vocabulary.\nThe data from Chocha-ngachakha sheds new light on the evolution of the Tibetic family","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics, Tibeto-Burman, Tibetic, Morphosyntax"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76g8736c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"Laurent","last_name":"Tournadre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Aix Marseille and CNRS (Lacito)","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rigzin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-01-11T08:52:36-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-01-11T08:52:36-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/34945/galley/26060/download/"}]},{"pk":34940,"title":"Raji Orthography Development","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Raji is a little known tribal community whose descendants are the prehistoric Kiratas. They live in dense forests far away from the surrounding Kumauni villages of Pithoragarh district, in the state of Uttarakhand, India. In 2001 census their population was reported to be 680 in all the nine villages. Sir George Grierson, in his book ‘Linguistic Survey of India’ had named this language as ‘janggali which has only spoken form.' Following the framework established by Wurm and the stages of threatenedness discussed in Fishman’s GIDS, Raji can be assessed as ‘potentially endangered andat stage 6 (language) which means the language is at risk.’ While chalking out a revitalization programme for this oral language the author realized the need of orthography development for this language. It is an established fact that Orthography gives stability to a language and not only conserves it but also helps in its standardization. So after preparing a small grammar book, with the help of collected phonologicaland grammatical material of Raji the next important task before the researcher was to develop an orthography system. The present paper focuses on the early stages of orthography development for this previously undocumented indigenous language.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Raji community"},{"word":"endangerment"},{"word":"revitalization"},{"word":"Orthography Development"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74h7j2p6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kavita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rastogi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lucknow","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-08T03:33:10-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-08T03:33:10-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-31T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/34940/galley/26057/download/"}]},{"pk":48165,"title":"A Variety of Approaches to Studying the Value and Implementation of Arts Education","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this introduction to the issue, the editor summarizes the content and comments on the significance of the information provided therein.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Arts Integration"},{"word":"painting"},{"word":"crafts"},{"word":"movable books"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"Geology"},{"word":"History"},{"word":"movies"},{"word":"health sciences"},{"word":"language arts"},{"word":"science"},{"word":"Expression"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"problem solving"},{"word":"Critical thinking"},{"word":"empowerment"},{"word":"Academic Achievement"},{"word":"dropout prevention"}],"section":"Foreword","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qj200cj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kimberly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burge","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-29T15:33:42-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-29T15:33:42-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-29T15:44:22-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/48165/galley/36290/download/"}]},{"pk":39430,"title":"Review: Constructing Green: The Social Structures of Sustainability","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"housing"},{"word":"energy"},{"word":"Habitat"},{"word":"sustainability"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h27t545","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Enzo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ferrara","name_suffix":"","institution":"INRIM","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-03T04:21:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-03T04:21:36-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-28T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39430/galley/29768/download/"}]},{"pk":38205,"title":"Capitalist Systems are Societal Constructs: Not “Clouds” or “Clocks,” but “City States”: A Review of Does Capitalism Have a Future? by Immanuel Wallerstein, Randall Collins, Michael Mann, Georgi Derluguian, and Craig Calhoun (Oxford University Press, 2013","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Does Capitalism Have a Future\n? is the work of five distinguished senior authors addressing the future of capitalism and its recent past. Their book warns that “something big looms on the horizon: a structural crisis much bigger than the recent great recession. Over the next three or four decades, capitalists of the world may simply find it impossible to make their usual investment decisions due to overcrowding of world markets and inadequate accounting for rising social costs. In this situation, capitalism would end in the frustration of the capitalists themselves.”\n \nThe authors have chosen a very broad and important topic that suggests the need for skillful conceptualization, patient historical research, and well-informed, multidisciplinary analysis, all of which inevitably makes for a difficult read. At the same time, I fear that the book’s “bad news” for society might incline some readers to want to “shoot the messengers.” Nevertheless, in my view, these authors deserve credit for having the courage to report the “bad news” they foresee for the future of capitalism and for making some very far-sighted observations about their topic—most significantly, that \ncapitalism is a system of political economy and not just the economics of markets\n. I agree wholeheartedly. In addition, I applaud their assertion that capitalist systems frequently have significant unrecognized costs (externalities) and that the employment prospects for its middle classes are being challenged as never before.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Economics"},{"word":"capitalism"},{"word":"deregulation"}],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z63z6jt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bruce","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard Business School","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-11-04T09:33:14-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-11-04T09:33:14-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-27T11:24:14-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cliodynamics/article/38205/galley/28759/download/"}]},{"pk":38200,"title":"Wheat flour versus rice consumption and vascular diseases: Evidence from the China Study II data","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why does wheat flour consumption appear to be significantly associated with vascular diseases? To answer this question we analyzed data on rice consumption, wheat flour consumption, total calorie consumption, and mortality from vascular diseases obtained from the China Study II dataset. This dataset covers the years of 1983, 1989 and 1993; with data related to biochemistry, diet, lifestyle, and mortality from various diseases in 69 counties in China. Our analyses point at a counterintuitive conclusion: it may not be wheat flour consumption that is the problem, but the culture associated with it, characterized by: decreased levels of physical activity, decreased exposure to sunlight, increased consumption of processed foods, and increased social isolation. Wheat flour consumption may act as a proxy for the extent to which this culture is expressed in a population. The more this culture is expressed, the greater is the prevalence of vascular diseases.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"China"},{"word":"The China–Cornell–Oxford Project"},{"word":"Wheat Flour Consumption"},{"word":"Rice Consumption"},{"word":"Vascular Diseases"},{"word":"Mortality"},{"word":"Path analysis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hk1254d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ned","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kock","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M International University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-29T18:26:55-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-29T18:26:55-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-27T11:23:18-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cliodynamics/article/38200/galley/28755/download/"}]},{"pk":38183,"title":"An empirical study of cultural evolution: the development of European cooking from medieval to modern times","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We have carried out an empirical study of long-term change in European cookery to test if the development of this cultural phenomenon matches a general hypothesis about cultural evolution: that human cultural change is characterized by cumulativity. Data from seven cookery books, evenly spaced across time, the oldest one written in medieval times (~1200) and the most recent one dating from late modernity (1999), were compared. Ten recipes from each of the categories “poultry recipes”, “fish recipes” and “meat recipes” were arbitrarily selected from each cookery book by selecting the first ten recipes in each category, and the numbers (per recipe) of steps, separate partial processes, methods, ingredients, semi-manufactured ingredients, compound semi-manufactured ingredients (defined as semi-manufactured ingredients containing no less than two raw products), and self-made semi-manufactured ingredients were counted. Regression analyses were used to quantitatively compare the cookery from different ages. We found a significant increase in the numbers (per recipe) of steps, separate partial processes, methods, ingredients and semi-manufactured ingredients. These significant increases enabled us to identify the development of cookery as an example of the general trend of cumulativity in long-term cultural evolution. The number of self-made semi-manufactured ingredients per recipe, however, may have decreased somewhat over time, something which may reflect the cumulative characteristics of cultural evolution at the level of society, considering the accumulation of knowledge that is required to industrialize food production.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Cultural evolution, Cooking, Cookery, Pace"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x14s2tw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Patrik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lindenfors","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ida","middle_name":"","last_name":"Envall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sven","middle_name":"","last_name":"Isaksson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Magnus","middle_name":"","last_name":"Enquist","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-16T08:38:04-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-16T08:38:04-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-27T11:20:36-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cliodynamics/article/38183/galley/28742/download/"}]},{"pk":44094,"title":"Varicella-Zoster Vaccine and Herpes Simplex Virus: Is There Cross Immunity?","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56d095sk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gunn","name_suffix":"MD, MFA","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-18T16:50:06-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44094/galley/32897/download/"}]},{"pk":59159,"title":"An Interview with Professor Gian Garriga on Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Distinct Fates of Daughter Cells","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Interviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fb4g723","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Manraj","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gill","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Tiffany","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nguyen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Georgia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:22:09-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:22:09-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59159/galley/45178/download/"}]},{"pk":59158,"title":"An Interview with Professor Kenneth Raymond on Supramolecular Chemistry: Symmetry Based Cluster Formation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Interviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/655288q0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Manraj","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gill","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Yana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petri","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Tiffany","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nguyen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Sabrina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Berger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:20:22-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:20:22-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59158/galley/45177/download/"}]},{"pk":59156,"title":"Blog Highlights","subtitle":null,"abstract":"'The Human Microbiome: Slowly Getting There'; by Alexander Reynaldi\n'Scientists Selling Genetically-Engineered Micro-Pigs'; by Kara Turner","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Blog Highlights","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc8c2v1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexander","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reynaldi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Kara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Turner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:12:26-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:12:26-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59156/galley/45175/download/"}]},{"pk":59162,"title":"Computing the Cure to Cancer","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt743x9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kirk","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mallett","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:32:48-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:32:48-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59162/galley/45181/download/"}]},{"pk":59151,"title":"Cover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Cover","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rk3007w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ongaro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Abigail","middle_name":"","last_name":"Landers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T17:54:03-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T17:54:03-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59151/galley/45170/download/"}]},{"pk":59157,"title":"Extracting Information: Characterizing neuronal cell types in the GPh by their activity profile.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The globus pallidus is a major output station for the basal ganglia, a subcortical region of the brain that is heavilyimplicated in action selection and decision making. A subpopulation of neurons in the internal segment (GPi) projects tothe laternal habenula (LHb), often associated with the limbic system and known to encode for negative motivational value.Dysfunction in these structures have been implicated in neurological diseases, such as depression and schizophrenia,which are ultimately disruptions in the ability to evaluate environmental cues and regulate motor output. In order togain more information about the neurons which encode for this behavior, we conducted extracellular recordings whilethe mice are carrying out a set of reward learning tasks and analyzed the collected spike trains. We detail here themethods of information extraction from the neuronal populations that we have classified. We also present preliminaryresults of their activity profile for various outcomes as well as for reward history and prediction error. With collection ofinformation from a larger set of cells, we might be able to more definitively gain an understanding of the methods bywhich these neurons encode motivation, action selection and outcome evaluation.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xc747cv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Danxun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Undergraduate Research Program, CS HL\nUniversity of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Marcus","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stephenson-Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Bo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:15:57-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:15:57-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59157/galley/45176/download/"}]},{"pk":59160,"title":"Interview with Professor Hitoshi Murayama: Supersymmetry","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Interviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78p2p4x4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sabrina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Berger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Juwon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Yana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petri","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nuckolls","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:30:10-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:30:10-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59160/galley/45179/download/"}]},{"pk":59163,"title":"It’s All Just Smoke &amp; Mirrors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cj1h659","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Liza","middle_name":"","last_name":"Raffi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:34:16-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:34:16-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59163/galley/45182/download/"}]},{"pk":59153,"title":"Origin of Chirality in the Universe","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zv8h2hz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shivaani","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gandhi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:02:25-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:02:25-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59153/galley/45172/download/"}]},{"pk":59161,"title":"Symmetric Proliferation: An Examination of the Fractal Geometry of Tumors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hz02556","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lew","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:31:33-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:31:33-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59161/galley/45180/download/"}]},{"pk":59155,"title":"Symmetry and Visual Appeal","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Features","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bx6w8x4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shirley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:06:21-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:06:21-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59155/galley/45174/download/"}]},{"pk":59152,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hg9b9cx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ongaro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Abigail","middle_name":"","last_name":"Landers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2016-03-04T18:00:38-05:00","date_accepted":"2016-03-04T18:00:38-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-18T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59152/galley/45171/download/"}]},{"pk":9535,"title":"Sponsors and Advertisements December 2015","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Sponsors and Advertising","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wp6h1n6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vincent","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lam","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-17T18:12:07-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-17T18:12:07-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T18:12:36-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9535/galley/5322/download/"}]},{"pk":9534,"title":"Masthead December 2015","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Masthead","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3746c13x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vincent","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lam","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-17T17:51:46-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-17T17:51:46-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T17:52:09-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9534/galley/5321/download/"}]},{"pk":9533,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7536t99r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vincent","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lam","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-17T17:45:12-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-17T17:45:12-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T17:46:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9533/galley/5320/download/"}]},{"pk":9507,"title":"Opioid Considerations for Emergency Practice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Societal Impact on Emergency Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dn7q5z5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Terndrup","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-07T18:54:09-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-07T18:54:09-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T15:22:07-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9507/galley/5312/download/"}]},{"pk":5378,"title":"Interval Timing Behavior: Comparative and Integrative Approaches","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Interval Timing Behavior: Comparative and Integrative Approaches","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"interval timing"},{"word":"Time perception"}],"section":"Introduction to Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gt5t93k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fuat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Balcı","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-14T11:34:40-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-14T11:34:40-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T12:35:42-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5378/galley/3232/download/"}]},{"pk":62708,"title":"Distribution and Habitat Associations of California Black Rail (\nLaterallus jamaicensis cortuniculus\n) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Past studies documenting the distribution and status of state “Threatened\" California black rail (\nLaterallus jamaicensis coturniculus\n; hereafter black rail) have largely omitted the Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta (hereafter Delta). During March to May of 2009–2011, we conducted call–playback surveys to assess the status of the species within a wide range of wetland habitats of the central Delta region. We detected black rails at 21 of 107 discrete wetland sites, primarily on in-channel islands with dense cover. To better understand the habitat and land cover characteristics, we developed a model of habitat suitability from these occurrence data and a fine-scale vegetation and land use dataset using MaxEnt. We also evaluated differences in the size of wetlands at sites where black rails were detected versus where they were not. Through surveys and quantitative modeling, we found black rail presence differed from other regions within California and Arizona, in that it was positively associated with tall (1 to 5 m) emergent vegetation interspersed with riparian shrubs. Specific plants correlated with black rail presence included emergent wetland (\nBolboschoenus\n \nacutus\n, \nB. californicus\n, \nB. acutus\n, \nTypha angustifolia\n, \nT. latifolia\n, \nPhragmites australis\n) and riparian (\nSalix exigua\n, \nS. lasiolepis\n, \nRosa californica\n, \nRubus discolor\n, \nCornus sericea\n) species. Median patch size was significantly larger and perimeter-to-area ratios were significantly lower at wetland sites where black rails were found. These results provide a preliminary characterization of black rail habitat in the Delta region and highlight the need for better understanding of this listed species’ population size and habitat use in the region, in light of anticipated climate change effects and proposed large-scale restoration in the Delta.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"California black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cn2h9tt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Danika","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Tsao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Melcer, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"FloodSAFE Environmental Stewardship and Statewide Resources Office, California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bradbury","name_suffix":"","institution":"Executive Division, California Department of Water Resources","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-13T21:30:33-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-13T21:30:33-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62708/galley/48390/download/"}]},{"pk":62707,"title":"Riverine Nutrient Trends in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins, California: A Comparison to State and Regional Water Quality Policies","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Non-point source (NPS) contaminant control strategies were initiated in California in the late 1980s under the authority of the State Porter–Cologne Act and eventually for the development of total maximum daily load (TMDL) plans, under the federal Clean Water Act. Most of the NPS TMDLs developed for California’s Central Valley (CV) region were related to pesticides, but not nutrients. Efforts to reduce pesticide loads and concentrations began in earnest around 1990. The NPS control strategies either encouraged or mandated the use of management practices (MPs). Although TMDLs were largely developed for pesticides, the resultant MPs might have affected the runoff of other potential contaminants (such as nutrients). This study evaluates the effect of agricultural NPS control strategies implemented in California’s CV before and between 1990 and 2013, on nutrients, by comparing trends in surface-water concentrations and loads. In general, use of MPs was encouraged during a “voluntary” period (1990 to 2004) and mandated during an “enforcement” period (2004 to 2013). Nutrient concentrations, loads, and trends were estimated by using a recently developed Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model. Sufficient total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and nitrate (NO3) data were available to compare the voluntary and enforcement periods for twelve sites within the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin basins. Ammonia concentrations and fluxes were evaluated at a subset of these sites. For six of these sites, flow-normalized mean annual concentrations of TP or NO3 decreased at a faster rate during the enforcement period than during the voluntary period. Concentration changes during similar years and ranges of flow conditions suggest that MPs designed for pesticides may also have reduced nutrient loads. Results show that enforceable NPS policies, and accelerated MP implementation, limits NPS pollution, and may control runoff of non-targeted constituents such as nutrients.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrient transport, nutrient loads, agricultural drainage"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c37m6vz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brandon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schlegel","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Sacramento","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Domagalski","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S Geological Survey, California Water Science Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-13T19:34:22-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-13T19:34:22-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62707/galley/48389/download/"}]},{"pk":62710,"title":"Sturgeon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Watershed: New Insights to Support Conservation and Management","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The goal of a day-long symposium on March 3, 2015, \nSturgeon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Watershed: New Insights to Support Conservation and Management\n, was to present new information about the physiology, behavior, and ecology of the green (\nAcipenser medirostris\n) and white sturgeon (\nAcipenser transmontanus\n) to help guide enhanced management and conservation efforts within the Sacramento–San Joaquin watershed. This symposium identified current unknowns and highlighted new electronic tracking technologies and physiological techniques to address these knowledge gaps. A number of presentations, each reviewing ongoing research on the two species, was followed by a round-table discussion, in which each of the participants was asked to share recom-mendations for future research on sturgeon in the watershed. This article presents an in-depth review of the scientific information presented at the sympo-sium with a summary of recommendations for future research.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"green sturgeon"},{"word":"<i>Acipenser medirostris</i>"},{"word":"white sturgeon"},{"word":"<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>"},{"word":"conservation biology"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7892b2wp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"A.","middle_name":"Peter","last_name":"Klimley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Chapman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Cech, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Dennis","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Cocherell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Nann","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Fangue","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Marty","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gingras","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","department":""},{"first_name":"Zachary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jackson","name_suffix":"","institution":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Ethan","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Mora","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Jamilynn","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Poletto","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Schreier","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Alicia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Seesholtz","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento","department":""},{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Sulak","name_suffix":"","institution":"United States Geological Survey, Gainesville FL","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Thomas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Woodbury","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Rosa CA","department":""},{"first_name":"Megan","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Wyman","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Rosa CA","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-15T12:48:33-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-15T12:48:33-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62710/galley/48392/download/"}]},{"pk":62709,"title":"You Can't Unscramble an Egg: Population Genetic Structure of \nOncorhynchus mykiss\n in the California Central Valley Inferred from Combined Microsatellite and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Data","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Steelhead/rainbow trout (\nOncorhynchus mykiss\n) are found in all of the major tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, which flow through California’s Central Valley and enter the ocean through San Francisco Bay and the Golden Gate. This river system is heavily affected by water development, agriculture, and invasive species, and salmon and trout hatchery propagation has been occurring for over 100 years. We collected genotype data for 18 highly variable microsatellite loci and 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from more than 1,900 fish from Central Valley drainages to analyze genetic diversity, population structure, differentiation between populations above and below dams, and the relationship of Central Valley \nO. mykiss \npopulations to coastal California steelhead. In addition, we evaluate introgression by both hatchery rainbow trout strains, which have primarily native Central Valley ancestry, and imported coastal steelhead stocks. In contrast to patterns typical of coastal steelhead, Central Valley \nO. mykiss \nabove and below dams within the same tributary were not found to be each others’ closest relatives, and we found no relationship between genetic and geographic distance among below-barrier populations. While introgression by hatchery rainbow trout strains does not appear to be widespread among above-barrier populations, steelhead in the American River and some neighboring tributaries have been introgressed by coastal steelhead. Together, these results demonstrate that the ancestral population genetic structure that existed among Central Valley tributaries has been significantly altered in contemporary populations. Future conservation, restoration, and mitigation efforts should take this into account when working to meet recovery planning goals.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Evolution"},{"word":"genetics"},{"word":"adaptation"},{"word":"steelhead, trout, Central Valley"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dk7m218","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Devon","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Pearse","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Garza","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-15T12:07:42-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-15T12:07:42-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-17T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62709/galley/48391/download/"}]},{"pk":5340,"title":"Individual Differences in Novelty-Seeking are Associated with Different Patterns of Preference in a Risk-Sensitivity Procedure in Rats","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The preferences of organisms faced with changing conditions in food delivery situations have been studied under the rubric of risk-sensitivity. Optimal foraging theory often applies the energy budget model to explain the preferences shown by organisms, but in this paper we suggest a different approach, one based on the study of individual differences. A sample of rats was classified as high and low novelty-seeking. Afterwards, they were maintained at 75% or 90% of their body weight and exposed to a risk-sensitivity procedure. The results show that the novelty-seeking model is associated with different patterns of preference under a risk-sensitivity procedure, but that these patterns do not correlate with the level of food deprivation employed. Furthermore, we found that the spontaneous alternation between options in a choice situation correlates with the organism’s preference during a risk procedure. Considering recent findings in the area of animal and human decision-making, our results are explained in terms of altered behavioral processes.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Novelty seeking"},{"word":"risk-sensitivity"},{"word":"spontaneous alternation"},{"word":"individual differences"},{"word":"preference"},{"word":"Choice"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d34q63k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Héctor","middle_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Camarena Pérez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Guadalajara (México)","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Oscar","middle_name":"","last_name":"García-Leal","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Guadalajara (México)","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-08T13:23:38-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-08T13:23:38-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T22:26:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5340/galley/3200/download/"}]},{"pk":5373,"title":"Context effects in temporal differentiation: Some data and a model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We examined whether temporal context influences how animals produce a time interval. Six pigeons pecked one key to start an interval and then another key to end the interval. Reinforcement followed whenever the interval duration fell within a range of values signaled by the keylight colors. During Phase 1, keylight colors S1 and L1, intermixed across trials, signaled the ranges (0.5-1.5 s) and (1.5- 4.5 s), respectively. During Phase 2, colors S2 and L2 signaled the ranges (1.5-4.5 s) and (4.5-13.5 s), respectively. We asked whether the intervals produced in the presence of L1 and S2, stimuli signalling the same range, varied with their temporal context, short in Phase 1, long in Phase 2. The results showed that a) the intervals produced in the presence of the different keylight colors accorded with the main properties of temporal differentiation, including Weber’s law, b) the L1 intervals had slightly higher means than the S2 intervals, a weak contrast effect, c) the L1 intervals also had higher variability than the S2 intervals. An extension of the learning-to-time model to temporal differentiation tasks reproduced some of the major features of the data but left unanswered how context might change the model parameters.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"temporal differentiation"},{"word":"context effect"},{"word":"Learning-to-Time model"},{"word":"Weber’s law"},{"word":"Pigeons"}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/588544v0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marilia","middle_name":"Pinheiro de","last_name":"Carvalho","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minho","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Armando","middle_name":"","last_name":"Machado","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minho, Portugal","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasconcelos","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minho, Portugal\nUniversity of Oxford, UK","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-09T15:51:56-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-09T15:51:56-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T22:13:46-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5373/galley/3229/download/"}]},{"pk":5367,"title":"Melatonin modulates interval timing in rats: effect of pinealectomy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Interval timing is a complex cognitive process that involves the estimation of time within the seconds-to-minutes range. This temporal processing depends on cortico-striatal interactions, as well as an optimal dopaminergic function. On the other hand, the circadian system controls physiological and behavioral functions with periods close to 24 hr. We have previously reported that short-time perception in mice is influenced by the circadian pacemaker, with dopamine signaling as a link between both temporal systems. In this work we evaluated the involvement of melatonin in the circadian modulation of interval timing, as well as the interaction between this hormone and dopamine levels in the striatum. We report that melatonin-depleted rats, by pinealectomy, present an impairment in their ability to estimate a short (24 s) target duration in the peak-interval procedure. Moreover, melatonin administration in drinking water restores interval timing precision in pinealectomized rats. We also show that circadian desynchronization causes a transient impairment in the timing task. In addition, melatonin administration affects interval timing only when rats are trained and tested during the night. Furthermore, we report that melatonin depletion increases striatal dopamine availability, which is reverted by external melatonin administration. Taken together, our findings add further support to the notion that the circadian system modulates interval timing, probably by using melatonin as an output to regulate dopaminergic functions in brain areas that are important for interval timing mechanisms.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Circadian system, Cortico-striatal circuits, Dopamine, Melatonin, Timing and time perception."}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97g5n25v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ivana","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Bussi","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Quilmes / CONICET","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gloria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE). CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutierrez’","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Diego","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Golombek","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Quilmes / CONICET","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"V","last_name":"Agostino","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Quilmes / CONICET","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-06T13:28:07-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-06T13:28:07-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T21:51:57-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5367/galley/3223/download/"}]},{"pk":5372,"title":"Temporal Averaging Across Stimuli Signaling the Same or Different Reinforcing Outcomes in the Peak Procedure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The present study examined factors that affect temporal averaging in rats when discriminative stimuli are compounded following separate training indicating the availability of reward after different fixed intervals (FI) on a peak procedure. One group of rats, Group Differential, learned that a flashing light stimulus signaled that one type of food pellet reward could be earned for lever pressing after an FI 5 s interval and that a second type of food pellet reward could be earned after an FI 20 s interval in the presence of a tone stimulus. A second group of rats, Group Non-Differential, was similarly trained except that both types of rewards were scheduled across flash and tone trials. When given non-reinforced flash + tone compound test trials the interval containing the maximal response rate was no different than on flash alone test trials, although some responding also appeared near the long FI time. After these FI contingencies were reversed (flash signaled FI 20 s and tone signaled FI 5 s), however, further compound test trials more clearly revealed a temporal averaging pattern in both groups. The peak interval was shifted to the right of the FI 5 stimulus. Moreover, Group Differential rats acquired the reversed discrimination somewhat more rapidly than Group Non-Differential rats, and in a final selective satiation test Group Differential rats responded less in later intervals after they had been sated on the FI 20 s reward. These data suggest that temporal averaging in stimulus compound tests occurs even when the stimuli being combined signal qualitatively different rewards, but that decreasing the value of one of those rewards can shift responding away from the relevant time interval in a selective satiation test. However, when an especially salient stimulus (e.g., flashing light) signals a short FI, rats tend to process the compound stimulus more in terms of its individual elements.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Interval Timing, Reward Devaluation, Summation, Stimulus Compounding"}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gc1q7zs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Delamater","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New York\nGraduate Center of the City University of New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dorie-Mae","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nicolas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-31T13:35:52-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-31T13:35:52-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T21:47:39-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5372/galley/3228/download/"}]},{"pk":9513,"title":"Achieving the Triple Aim Through Informed Consent for Computed Tomography","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Healthcare Utilization","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g14874z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dylan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carney","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Rodriguez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-10T17:18:33-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-10T17:18:33-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T14:50:14-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9513/galley/5316/download/"}]},{"pk":9101,"title":"Association of Emergency Department Length of Stay and Crowding for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n With the majority of U.S. hospitals not having primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) capabilities, the time spent at transferring emergency departments (EDs) is predictive of clinical outcomes for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Compounding the challenges of delivering timely emergency care are the known delays caused by ED crowding. However, the association of ED crowding with timeliness for patients with STEMI is unknown. We sought to examine the relationship between ED crowding and time spent at transferring EDs for patients with STEMI.\nMethods:\n We analyzed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) quality data. The outcome was time spent at a transferring ED (i.e., door-in-door-out [DIDO]), was CMS measure OP-3b for hospitals with ≥10 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cases requiring transfer (i.e., STEMI) annually: Time to Transfer an AMI Patient for Acute Coronary Intervention. We used four CMS ED timeliness measures as surrogate measures of ED crowding: admitted length of stay (LOS), discharged LOS, boarding time, and waiting time. We analyzed bivariate associations between DIDO and ED timeliness measures. We used a linear multivariable regression to evaluate the contribution of hospital characteristics (academic, trauma, rural, ED volume) to DIDO.\nResults:\n Data were available for 405 out of 4,129 hospitals for the CMS DIDO measure. These facilities were primarily non-academic (99.0%), non-trauma centers (65.4%), and in urban locations (68.5%). Median DIDO was 54.0 minutes (IQR 42.0,68.0). Increased DIDO time was associated with longer admitted LOS and boarding times. After adjusting for hospital characteristics, a one-minute increase in ED LOS at transferring facilities was associated with DIDO (coefficient, 0.084 [95% CI [0.049,0.119]]; p&lt;0.001). This translates into a five-minute increase in DIDO for every one-hour increase in ED LOS for admitted patients.\nConclusion:\n Among patients with STEMI presenting to U.S. EDs, we found that ED crowding has a small but operationally insignificant effect on time spent at the transferring ED.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ST-elevation myocardial infarction"},{"word":"interhospital transfer"},{"word":"operations"},{"word":"ED Crowding"},{"word":"health services research."}],"section":"Patient Safety","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vj7b0b9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Ward","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Olesya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baker","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeremiah","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Schuur","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-22T15:29:09-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-22T15:29:09-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T14:03:56-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9101/galley/5107/download/"}]},{"pk":5355,"title":"Everywhere and everything: The power and ubiquity of time","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Anticipatory timing plays a critical role in many aspects of human and non-human animal behavior.  Timing has been consistently observed in the range of milliseconds to hours, and demonstrates a powerful influence on the organization of behavior.  Anticipatory timing is acquired early in associative learning and appears to guide association formation in important ways.  Importantly, timing participates in regulating goal-directed behaviors in many schedules of reinforcements, and plays a critical role in value-based decision making under concurrent schedules.  In addition to playing a key role in fundamental learning processes, timing often dominates when temporal cues are available concurrently with other stimulus dimensions.  Such control by the passage of time has even been observed when other cues provide more accurate information and can lead to sub-optimal behaviors.  The dominance of temporal cues in governing anticipatory behavior suggests that time may be inherently more salient than many other stimulus dimensions.  Discussions of the interface of the timing system with other cognitive processes are provided to demonstrate the powerful and primitive nature of time as a stimulus dimension.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Time perception"},{"word":"interval timing"},{"word":"Classical Conditioning"},{"word":"instrumental conditioning"},{"word":"Choice"}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hg831n3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Marshall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kansas State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kimberly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirkpatrick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kansas State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-03-23T15:57:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-03-23T15:57:50-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T13:00:04-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5355/galley/3213/download/"}]},{"pk":9092,"title":"Outcomes of Patients Requiring Blood Pressure Control Before Thrombolysis with tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n The purpose of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in the setting of aggressive blood pressure (BP) control as it compares to standard BP control or no BP control prior to thrombolysis.\nMethods:\n We performed a retrospective review of patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) between 2004-2011. We compared the outcomes of patients treated with tPA for AIS who required aggressive BP control prior to thrombolysis to those requiring standard or no BP control prior to thrombolysis. The primary outcome of interest was safety, defined by all grades of hemorrhagic transformation and neurologic deterioration. The secondary outcome was efficacy, determined by functional status at discharge, and in-hospital deaths.\nResults: \nOf 427 patients included in the analysis, 89 received aggressive BP control prior to thrombolysis, 65 received standard BP control, and 273 required no BP control prior to thrombolysis. Patients requiring BP control had more severe strokes, with median arrival National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 10 (IQR [6-17]) in patients not requiring BP control versus 11 (IQR [5-16]) and 13 (IQR [7-20]) in patients requiring standard and aggressive BP lowering therapies, respectively (p=0.048). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusting for baseline differences, there were no statistically significant differences in adverse events between the three groups (P&gt;0.10).\nConclusion:\n We observed no association between BP control and adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke patients undergoing thrombolysis. However, additional study is necessary to confirm or refute the safety of aggressive BP control prior to thrombolysis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Stroke, thrombolysis, hypertension"}],"section":"Health Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bk8q4vp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Darger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Gonzales","name_suffix":"","institution":"university of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rosa","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Banuelos","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Radecki","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Peng","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Pratik","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Doshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-18T16:43:21-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-18T16:43:21-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9092/galley/5105/download/"}]},{"pk":5371,"title":"Temporal Control Deficits in Murine Models of Huntington's Disease","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Timing is a ubiquitous process that underlies a great variety of human activities and depends on highly conserved neuronal circuitry, the cortico-striatal loops. The peak interval (PI) task is an operant task that conditions subjects to initiate and terminate behavioral responses bracketing a fixed interval associated with reinforcement. Performance in this task depends on the efficacy of temporal control processes that coordinate interval encoding and decoding, instrumental response innitiation, cessation and maintenance, and motor control. Here, we used the PI procedure to characterize temporal control in zQ175 knockin (KI) and BAC HD transgenic (Tg) mice generated to model Huntington's Disease (HD), and contrast the result with previously published R6/2 Tg PI data. HD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves degeneration of the same neural circuits underlying temporal information processing and control of motor output. Our results indicate that temporal control is disrupted in R6/2 Tg and zQ175 KI mice but intact in BAC HD Tg mice. Trial-by-trial analysis of break-run patterns in response rates indicated that shifts in zQ175 KI response curves were driven by significant delays in response initiation and cessation. Similar temporal control deficits were previously reported in HD patients and R6/2 transgenic HD mice. These findings support the use of zQ175 mice in preclinical studies of HD-related cognitive deficits. They provide evidence of a strong homology between the human and rodent neural bases of temporal information processing, temporal response control, and their pathology in neurodegeneration.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Temporal Information Processing"},{"word":"peak interval"},{"word":"Huntington's Disease"},{"word":"temporal deficits"},{"word":"knocking"},{"word":"zQ175"},{"word":"BAC"},{"word":"R6/2"},{"word":"temporal control"},{"word":"basal ganglia"},{"word":"striatum"}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1751272k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dani","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brunner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA\nColumbia University, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Fuat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Balcı","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"C.P.","last_name":"Curtin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Farrar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steve","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oakeshott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sutphen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Berger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychogenics, inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Howland","name_suffix":"","institution":"CHDI management, NY, USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-31T12:10:39-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-31T12:10:39-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-16T00:28:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5371/galley/3227/download/"}]},{"pk":9254,"title":"Single Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block is Safe and Effective for Emergency Pain Relief in Hip-fracture Patients","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nCurrently, it is common practice in the emergency department (ED) for pain relief in hip-fracture patients to administer pain medication, commonly systemic opioids. However, with these pain medications come a high risk of side effects, especially in elderly patients. This study investigated the safety profile and success rate of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) in a busy ED. This ED was staffed with emergency physicians (EPs) and residents of varying levels of experience. This study followed patients’ pain levels at various hourly intervals up to eight hours post procedure.\nMethods: \nBetween September 2012 and July 2013, we performed a prospective pilot study on hip-fracture patients who were admitted to the ED of a teaching hospital in the Netherlands. These patients were followed and evaluated post FICB for pain relief. Secondary outcome was the use of opioids as rescue medication.\nResults: \nOf the 43 patients in this study, patients overall experienced less pain after the FICB (p=0.04). This reduction in pain was studied in conjunction with the use and non-use of opioids. A clinically meaningful decrease in pain was achieved after 30 minutes in 62% of patients (54% with the use of opioids, 8% without opioids); after 240 minutes in 82% of patients (18% with opioids, 64% without opioids); after 480 minutes in 88% of patients (16% with opioids, 72% without opioids). No adverse events were reported.\nConclusion: \nIn a busy Dutch ED with rotating residents of varying levels of experience, FICB seems to be an efficient, safe and practical method for pain reduction in patients with a hip fracture. Even without the use of opioids, pain reduction was achieved in 64% of patients after four hours and in 72% of patients after eight hours.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"fascia iliaca compartment block"},{"word":"pain management"},{"word":"hip fracture"},{"word":"Analgesia"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z80z14p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leonieke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Groot","name_suffix":"","institution":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lea","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Dijksman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Maarten","middle_name":"Peter","last_name":"Simons","name_suffix":"","institution":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mariska","middle_name":"M.S","last_name":"Zwartsenburg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jasper","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Rebel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-23T05:54:32-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-23T05:54:32-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T18:26:50-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9254/galley/5229/download/"}]},{"pk":8713,"title":"Correlation of the National Emergency Medicine M4 Clerkship Examination with USMLE Examination Performance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Assessment of medical students’ knowledge in clinical settings is complex yet essential to the learning process. Clinical clerkships use various types of written examinations to objectively test medical knowledge within a given discipline. Within emergency medicine (EM), a new national standardized exam was developed to test medical knowledge in this specialty. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a new examination is an important issue to address during test development and use. Studies have shown that student performance on selected standardized exams will reveal students’ strengths and/or weaknesses, so that effective remedial efforts can be implemented. Our study sought to address these issues by examining the association of scores on the new EM national exam with other standardized exam scores.\nMethods:\n From August 2011 to April 2013, average National EM M4 examination scores of fourth-year medical students taken at the end of a required EM clerkship were compiled. We examined the correlation of the National EM M4 examination with the scores of initial attempts of the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) examinations. Correlation coefficients and 95% confidence intervals of correlation coefficients are reported. We also examined the association between the national EM M4 examination score, final grades for the EM rotation, and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores.\nResults: \n133 students were included in the study and achieved a mean score of 79.5 SD 8.0 on the National EM M4 exam compared to a national mean of 79.7 SD 3.89. The mean USMLE Step 1 score was 226.8 SD 19.3. The mean USMLE Step 2 CK score was 238.5 SD 18.9. National EM M4 examination scores showed moderate correlation with both USMLE Step 1 (mean score=226.8; correlation coefficient=0.50; 95% CI [0.28-0.67]) and USMLE Step 2 CK (mean score=238.5; correlation coefficient=0.47; 95% CI [0.25-0.65]). Students scoring below the median on the national EM M4 exam also scored well below their colleagues on USMLE exams.\nConclusion: \nThe moderate correlation of the national EM M4 examination and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores provides support for the utilization of the CDEM National EM M4 examination as an effective means of assessing medical knowledge for fourth-year medical students. Identification of students scoring lower on standardized exams allows for effective remedial efforts to be undertaken throughout the medical education process.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"USMLE, shelf exam, emergency medicine, medical student, national emergency medicine M4 exam, education, assessment, evaluation"}],"section":"Education","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nw060pq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Luan","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Lawson","name_suffix":"","institution":"East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Greenville, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Musick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Tech Carillion School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brewer","name_suffix":"","institution":"East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-01-21T11:12:24-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-01-21T11:12:24-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T17:45:27-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8713/galley/4998/download/"}]},{"pk":9372,"title":"Intubating Ebola Patients: Technical Limitations of Extensive Personal Protective Equipment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Ebola"},{"word":"Personal Protective Equipment"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Endemic Infections","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8027h0w3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Warren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wiechmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shannon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Toohey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Cassandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Majestic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Megan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boysen-Osborn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-10-02T01:55:08-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-10-02T01:55:08-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T17:02:41-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9372/galley/5272/download/"}]},{"pk":9187,"title":"Inability of Physicians and Nurses to Predict Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nPatient satisfaction is a commonly assessed dimension of emergency department (ED) care quality. The ability of ED clinicians to estimate patient satisfaction is unknown. We sought to evaluate the ability of emergency medicine resident physicians and nurses to predict patient-reported satisfaction with physician and nursing care, pain levels, and understanding of discharge instructions. \nMethods: \nWe studied a convenience sample of 100 patients treated at an urban academic ED. Patients rated satisfaction with nursing care, physician care, pain level at time of disposition and understanding of discharge instructions. Resident physicians and nurses estimated responses for each patient. We compared patient, physician and nursing responses using Cohen’s kappa, weighting the estimates to account for the ordinal responses.\nResults: \nOverall, patients had a high degree of satisfaction with care provided by the nurses and physicians, although this was underestimated by providers. There was poor agreement between physician estimation of patient satisfaction (weighted κ=0.23, standard error: 0.078) and nursing estimates of patient satisfaction (weighted κ=0.11, standard error: 0.043); physician estimation of patient pain (weighted κ=0.43, standard error: 0.082) and nursing estimates (weighted κ=0.39, standard error: 0.081); physician estimates of patient comprehension of discharge instruction (weighted κ=0.19, standard error: 0.082) and nursing estimates (weighted κ=0.13, standard error: 0.078). Providers underestimated pain and patient comprehension of discharge instructions. \nConclusion: \nED providers were not able to predict patient satisfaction with nurse or physician care, pain level, or understanding of discharge instructions.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Press Ganey"},{"word":"patient satisfaction"}],"section":"Patient Communication","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nh3p9xz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"DeLaney","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Page","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ethan","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Kunstadt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ragan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rodgers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Henry","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-20T15:25:55-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-20T15:25:55-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T16:58:30-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9187/galley/5168/download/"}]},{"pk":9295,"title":"The Changing Use of Intravenous Opioids in an Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nGovernment agencies are increasingly emphasizing opioid safety in hospitals. In 2012, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) started a sentinel event program, the “Safe Use of Opioids in Hospitals.” We sought to determine if opioid use patterns in our emergency department (ED) changed from 2011, before the program began, to 2013, after start of the program.\nMethods: \nThis was a retrospective study of all adult ED patients who received an intravenous opioid and had a serum creatinine measured. We recorded opioids used, dose prescribed, and serum creatinine. As an index of the safety of opioids, uses of naloxone after administration of an opioid was recorded.\nResults: \nMorphine is still the most commonly used opioid by doses given, but its percentage of opioids used decreased from 68.9% in 2011 to 52.8% in 2013. During the same period, use of hydromorphone increased from 27.5% to 42.9%, while the use of fentanyl changed little (3.6% to 4.3%). Naloxone administration was rare after an opioid had been given. Opioids were not dosed in an equipotent manner.\nConclusion: \nThe use of hydromorphone in our ED increased by 56% (absolute increase of 15.4%), while the use of morphine decreased by 30.5% (absolute decrease 16.1%) of total opioid use from 2011 to 2013. The JCAHO program likely was at least indirectly responsible for this change in relative dosing of the opioids. Based on frequency of naloxone administered after administration of an opioid, the use of opioids was safe.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Opioids, Medication Safety"}],"section":"Societal Impact on Emergency Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z62r7x7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Sutter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Sacramento, California; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Garen","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Wintemute","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"O.","last_name":"Clarke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bailey","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Roche","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Sacramento, California; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Chenoweth","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Sacramento, California; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rory","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gutierrez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Pharmacy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Albertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Sacramento, California; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California; University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-16T18:33:27-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-16T18:33:27-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T16:54:58-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9295/galley/5247/download/"}]},{"pk":9149,"title":"Impact of Health Information Exchange on Emergency Medicine Clinical Decision Making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nThe objective of the study was to understand the immediate utility of health information exchange (HIE) on emergency department (ED) providers by interviewing them shortly after the information was retrieved. Prior studies of physician perceptions regarding HIE have only been performed outside of the care environment. \nMethods: \nTrained research assistants interviewed resident physicians, physician assistants and attending physicians using a semi-structured questionnaire within two hours of making a HIE request. The responses were recorded, then transcribed for qualitative analysis. The transcribed interviews were analyzed for emerging qualitative themes.\nResults: \nWe analyzed 40 interviews obtained from 29 providers. Primary qualitative themes discovered included the following: drivers for requests for outside information; the importance of unexpected information; historical lab values as reference points; providing context when determining whether to admit or discharge a patient; the importance of information in refining disposition; improved confidence of provider; and changes in decisions for diagnostic imaging.\nConclusion: \nED providers are driven to use HIE when they’re missing a known piece of information. This study finds two additional impacts not previously reported. First, providers sometimes find additional unanticipated useful information, supporting a workflow that lowers the threshold to request external information. Second, providers sometimes report utility when no changes to their existing plan are made as their confidence is increased based on external records. Our findings are concordant with previous studies in finding exchanged information is useful to provide context for interpreting lab results, making admission decisions, and prevents repeat diagnostic imaging.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"health information technology"},{"word":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Medical Informatics Applications"}],"section":"Technology in Emergency Medicine","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m96v1ss","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bradley","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Gordon","name_suffix":"","institution":"HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Bloomington, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Medical School, Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bernard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Advocate Christ Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Salzman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Critical Care Research Center, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robin","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Whitebird","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of St. Thomas, School of Social Work, Saint Paul, Minnesota","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-14T12:15:30-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-14T12:15:30-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T16:50:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9149/galley/5138/download/"}]},{"pk":9276,"title":"Posterior Scleritis with Inflammatory Retinal Detachment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A 14-year-old African American male presented to the emergency department with worsening left eye redness, swelling, and vision loss over the preceding three days. History was notable for similar eye redness and swelling without vision loss four months earlier, which improved following a brief course of prednisone. He endorsed mild eye irritation and tearing with bright lights. There was no history of fever, respiratory symptoms or trauma. Mother was medicating patient with leftover antibiotic eye drops x3 days without improvement. Physical examination on presentation notable for proptosis of left eye, lid, and periorbital swelling, mild scleral injection, and central vision loss in affected eye (20/200 OS, 20/25 OD). Extraocular movements and pupillary exam were normal. No corneal fluorescein uptake, abnormal cell, flare, or siedel sign were seen during slit lamp exam. Eye pressures were 24 mmHg in both eyes. Bedside ultrasonography was performed (Figure 1 showing retinal detachment, Ultrasound Video 2 showing detachment in orbital scan).","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z40r5x3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jesse","middle_name":"Z.","last_name":"Kellar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lakeland Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Taylor","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lakeland Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph, Michigan","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-04T22:44:46-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-04T22:44:46-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-14T16:47:27-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9276/galley/5240/download/"}]},{"pk":2045,"title":"Sociocultural Theory and a Pragma-linguistic Pedagogical Intervention","subtitle":null,"abstract":"L2 pragmatic instruction in grammar and writing is an area of second language acquisition that is underutilized by many teachers. This paper follows the process of one teacher as the instruction of the pragmatic speech act of requesting is integrated into a low-level grammar class. First, an argument is made for the importance of including explicit pragmatic instruction in an ESL classroom. Then, a recent pedagogical model based on Sociocultural Theory is utilized as a basis for the development of new materials and adaptation of existing materials. Also, the theoretical frameworks of both speech act theory of requesting and politeness theory are examined to inform the materials presented to the students. Finally, the teacher reflects on this process and gives recommendations for others who would integrate pragmatic instruction into their classroom.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Instructed pragmatics"},{"word":"requesting"},{"word":"politeness"},{"word":"SCOBA"},{"word":"Sociocultural Theory"},{"word":"Concept-based instruction"}],"section":"Teachers' Forum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94r5870x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Arizona University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-01-16T13:25:09-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-01-16T13:25:09-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-13T18:44:09-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/2045/galley/1349/download/"}]},{"pk":44093,"title":"A Case of Unilateral Blaschkoid Darier’s Disease","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sw5727t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rabi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Veena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vanchinathan","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-13T16:49:15-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44093/galley/32896/download/"}]},{"pk":39444,"title":"Review:  Civic Ecology:  Adaptation and Transformation from the Ground Up","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book Review","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"urban ecology"},{"word":"Human ecology"},{"word":"Community Development"},{"word":"Environmental Protection"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1668b015","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maret","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-13T16:32:19-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-13T16:32:19-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-13T16:35:52-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39444/galley/29776/download/"}]},{"pk":44092,"title":"Transgender Care","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12b012br","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aarthi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arasu","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-11T16:48:25-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44092/galley/32895/download/"}]},{"pk":9110,"title":"Chest Pain of Suspected Cardiac Origin: Current Evidence-based Recommendations for Prehospital Care","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nIn the United States, emergency medical services (EMS) protocols vary widely across jurisdictions. We sought to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prehospital evaluation and treatment of chest pain of suspected cardiac origin and to compare these recommendations against the current protocols used by the 33 EMS agencies in the state of California.\nMethods: \nWe performed a literature review of the current evidence in the prehospital treatment of chest pain and augmented this review with guidelines from various national and international societies to create our evidence-based recommendations. We then compared the chest pain protocols of each of the 33 EMS agencies for consistency with these recommendations. The specific protocol components that we analyzed were use of supplemental oxygen, aspirin, nitrates, opiates, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regionalization systems, prehospital fibrinolysis and β-blockers.\nResults: \nThe protocols varied widely in terms of medication and dosing choices, as well as listed contraindications to treatments. Every agency uses oxygen with 54% recommending titrated dosing. All agencies use aspirin (64% recommending 325mg, 24% recommending 162mg and 15% recommending either), as well as nitroglycerin and opiates (58% choosing morphine). Prehospital 12-Lead ECGs are used in 97% of agencies, and all but one agency has some form of regionalized care for their STEMI patients. No agency is currently employing prehospital fibrinolysis or β-blocker use.\nConclusion: \nProtocols for chest pain of suspected cardiac origin vary widely across California. The evidence-based recommendations that we present for the prehospital diagnosis and treatment of this condition may be useful for EMS medical directors tasked with creating and revising these protocols.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"chest pain"},{"word":"acute coronary syndrome"},{"word":"12-Lead EKG"},{"word":"emergency medical services"},{"word":"Evidence-based Prehospital Protocols"},{"word":"regionalization"},{"word":"Standardization"}],"section":"Prehospital Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1622v60n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"P.","middle_name":"Brian","last_name":"Savino","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karl","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Sporer","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joe","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Barger","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Gilbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kristi","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Koenig","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California; University of California, Irvine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Rudnick","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Angelo","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Salvucci","name_suffix":"","institution":"EMS Medical Directors Association of California, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-30T18:11:49-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-30T18:11:49-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T16:12:09-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9110/galley/5111/download/"}]},{"pk":9124,"title":"Distracted Driving, A Major Preventable Cause of Motor Vehicle Collisions: “Just Hang Up and Drive”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"For years, public health experts have been concerned about the effect of cell phone use on motor vehicle collisions, part of a phenomenon known as “distracted driving.” The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) article “Mobile Device Use While Driving - United States and Seven European Countries 2011” highlights the international nature of these concerns. Recent (2011) estimates from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration are that 10% of fatal crashes and 17% of injury crashes were reported as distraction-affected. Of 3,331 people killed in 2011 on roadways in the U.S. as a result of driver distraction, 385 died in a crash where at least one driver was using a cell phone. For drivers 15-19 years old involved in a fatal crash, 21% of the distracted drivers were distracted by the use of cell phones. Efforts to reduce cell phone use while driving could reduce the prevalence of automobile crashes related to distracted driving. The MMWR report shows that there is much ground to cover with distracted driving. Emergency physicians frequently see the devastating effects of distracted driving on a daily basis and should take a more active role on sharing the information with patients, administrators, legislators, friends and family.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Injury Prevention and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w5c95b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Kahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Diego, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Victor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cisneros","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ghasem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Imani","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bharath","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chakravarthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-08T21:19:11-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-08T21:19:11-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T15:54:32-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9124/galley/5116/download/"}]},{"pk":9263,"title":"A Delphi Method Analysis to Create an Emergency Medicine Educational Patient Satisfaction Survey","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nFeedback on patient satisfaction (PS) as a means to monitor and improve performance in patient communication is lacking in residency training. A physician’s promotion, compensation and job satisfaction may be impacted by his individual PS scores, once he is in practice. Many communication and satisfaction surveys exist but none focus on the emergency department setting for educational purposes. The goal of this project was to create an emergency medicine-based educational PS survey with strong evidence for content validity. \nMethods: \nWe used the Delphi Method (DM) to obtain expert opinion via an iterative process of surveying. Questions were mined from four PS surveys as well as from group suggestion. The DM analysis determined the structure, content and appropriate use of the tool. The group used four-point Likert-type scales and Lynn’s criteria for content validity to determine relevant questions from the stated goals. \nResults: \nTwelve recruited experts participated in a series of seven surveys to achieve consensus. A 10-question, single-page survey with an additional page of qualitative questions and demographic questions was selected. Thirty one questions were judged to be relevant from an original 48-question list. Of these, the final 10 questions were chosen. Response rates for individual survey items was 99.5%. \nConclusion: \nThe DM produced a consensus survey with content validity evidence. Future work will be needed to obtain evidence for response process, internal structure and construct validity.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Patient Satisfaction, Residency, Communication"}],"section":"Patient Communication","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q12g74h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kory","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"London","name_suffix":"","institution":"Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bonita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singal","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fowler","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Prepejchal","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stefanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Simmons","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Finefrock","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-26T19:45:16-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-26T19:45:16-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T15:26:39-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9263/galley/5234/download/"}]},{"pk":9270,"title":"Evidence-based Comprehensive Approach to Forearm Arterial Laceration","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nPenetrating injury to the forearm may cause an isolated radial or ulnar artery injury, or a complex injury involving other structures including veins, tendons and nerves. The management of forearm laceration with arterial injury involves both operative and nonoperative strategies. An evolution in management has emerged especially at urban trauma centers, where the multidisciplinary resource of trauma and hand subspecialties may invoke controversy pertaining to the optimal management of such injuries. The objective of this review was to provide an evidence-based, systematic, operative and nonoperative approach to the management of isolated and complex forearm lacerations. A comprehensive search of MedLine, Cochrane Library, Embase and the National Guideline Clearinghouse did not yield evidence-based management guidelines for forearm arterial laceration injury. No professional or societal consensus guidelines or best practice guidelines exist to our knowledge.\nDiscussion: \nThe optimal methods for achieving hemostasis are by a combination approach utilizing direct digital pressure, temporary tourniquet pressure, compressive dressings followed by wound closure. While surgical hemostasis may provide an expedited route for control of hemorrhage, this aggressive approach is often not needed (with a few exceptions) to achieve hemostasis for most forearm lacerations. Conservative methods mentioned above will attain the same result. Further, routine emergent or urgent operative exploration of forearm laceration injuries are not warranted and not cost-beneficial. It has been widely accepted with ample evidence in the literature that neither injury to forearm artery, nerve or tendon requires immediate surgical repair. Attention should be directed instead to control of bleeding, and perform a complete physical examination of the hand to document the presence or absence of other associated injuries. Critical ischemia will require expeditious surgical restoration of arterial perfusion. In a well-perfused hand, however, the presence of one intact artery is adequate to sustain viability without long-term functional disability, provided the palmar arch circulation is intact. Early consultation with a hand specialist should be pursued, and follow-up arrangement made for delayed primary repair in cases of complex injury.\nConclusion: \nManagement in accordance with well-established clinical principles will maximize treatment efficacy and functional outcome while minimizing the cost of medical care.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Forearm laceration, forearm arterial injury, forearm arterial laceration"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sw6k0rg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janice","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Thai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jose","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Pacheco","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Autonomous University of Honduras School of Medicine, Tegucigalpa, Honduras","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Margolis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tianyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Swartz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brandon","middle_name":"Z.","last_name":"Massey","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Institute for Plastic Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Guisto","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Sheppard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-01T21:35:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-01T21:35:37-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T15:20:18-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9270/galley/5237/download/"}]},{"pk":9351,"title":"Chilaiditi Sign: Rare Incidental Finding on Chest Radiograph","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/575554nm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Krystal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, Spartansburg, South Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ashurst","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke Lifepoint Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-13T17:25:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-13T17:25:36-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T15:06:22-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9351/galley/5265/download/"}]},{"pk":9109,"title":"Impact of Burnout on Self-Reported Patient Care Among Emergency Physicians","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Burnout is a syndrome of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion and sense of low personal accomplishment. Emergency physicians (EPs) experience the highest levels of burnout among all physicians. Burnout is associated with greater rates of self-reported suboptimal care among surgeons and internists. The association between burnout and suboptimal care among EPs is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate burnout rates among attending and resident EPs and examine their relationship with self-reported patient care practices. \nMethods:\n In this cross-sectional study burnout was measured at two university-based emergency medicine residency programs with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We also measured depression, quality of life (QOL) and career satisfaction using validated questionnaires. Six items assessed suboptimal care and the frequency with which they were performed.\nResults:\n We included 77 out of 155 (49.7%) responses. The EP burnout rate was 57.1%, with no difference between attending and resident physicians. Residents were more likely to screen positive for depression (47.8% vs 18.5%, p=0.012) and report lower QOL scores (6.7 vs 7.4 out of 10, p=0.036) than attendings. Attendings and residents reported similar rates of career satisfaction (85.2% vs 87.0%, p=0.744). Burnout was associated with a positive screen for depression (38.6% vs 12.1%, p=0.011) and lower career satisfaction (77.3% vs 97.0%, p=0.02). EPs with high burnout were significantly more likely to report performing all six acts of suboptimal care.\nConclusion:\n A majority of EPs demonstrated high burnout. EP burnout was significantly associated with higher frequencies of self-reported suboptimal care. Future efforts to determine if provider burnout is associated with negative changes in actual patient care are necessary.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"burnout"},{"word":"Wellness"},{"word":"quality of care"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Provider Workforce","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sx3t800","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dave","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dresden","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Colin","middle_name":"","last_name":"McCloskey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeremy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Branzetti","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Gisondi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-26T17:13:51-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-26T17:13:51-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T13:55:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9109/galley/5110/download/"}]},{"pk":39392,"title":"Youths’ Green Information and Communications Technology Acceptance and Implications for the Innovation Decision Process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"‘Green’ is the trendy word that people pay attention to it. Green ICT is currently highlighted to be an important strategic technology due to its various benefits in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, lowering electricity costs, nurturing corporate images, etc. However, the adoption of green ICT products or services is not prevalent, especially in developing countries. Green consumers, particularly young people, are the key to build the success of the green ICT adoption. Thus, applying the case of university freshmen in Thailand, research objectives are to examine the understanding of youths about the green ICT, to explore the awareness and the acceptance of youths on green ICT practices, to discover the causes of adoption or refusal, and to introduce a systematic guideline for effectively promoting green ICT products or services. The research results could increase the use of green ICT in young people.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"IT diffusion and adoption"},{"word":"User acceptance of IT"},{"word":"Green ICT"},{"word":"Innovation-Decision Process"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rv7s6vk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mathupayas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thongmak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Thammasat University, Bangkok","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-08-20T05:17:29-04:00","date_accepted":"2014-08-20T05:17:29-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-11T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39392/galley/29735/download/"}]},{"pk":8828,"title":"Screening for Fall Risks in the Emergency Department: A Novel Nursing-Driven Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nSeniors represent the fasting growing population in the U.S., accounting for 20.3 million visits to emergency departments (EDs) annually. The ED visit can provide an opportunity for identifying seniors at high risk of falls. We sought to incorporate the Timed Up &amp; Go Test (TUGT), a commonly used falls screening tool, into the ED encounter to identify seniors at high fall risk and prompt interventions through a geriatric nurse liaison (GNL) model.\nMethods:\n Patients aged 65 and older presenting to an urban ED were evaluated by a team of ED nurses trained in care coordination and geriatric assessment skills. They performed fall risk screening with the TUGT. Patients with abnormal TUGT results could then be referred to physical therapy (PT), social work or home health as determined by the GNL.\nResults: \nGait assessment with the TUGT was performed on 443 elderly patients between 4/1/13 and 5/31/14. A prior fall was reported in 37% of patients in the previous six months. Of those screened with the TUGT, 368 patients experienced a positive result. Interventions for positive results included ED-based PT (n=63, 17.1%), outpatient PT referrals (n=56, 12.2%) and social work consultation (n=162, 44%). \nConclusion: \nThe ED visit may provide an opportunity for older adults to be screened for fall risk. Our results show ED nurses can conduct the TUGT, a validated and time efficient screen, and place appropriate referrals based on assessment results. Identifying and intervening on high fall risk patients who visit the ED has the potential to improve the trajectory of functional decline in our elderly population.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"falls, gait, geriatric, emergency department, physical therapy, timed up and go test"}],"section":"Injury Prevention and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rg7c7rh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jill","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Huded","name_suffix":"","institution":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Dresden","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Gravenor","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Theresa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rowe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lee","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Lindquist","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-03-27T13:33:48-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-03-27T13:33:48-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-10T17:52:16-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8828/galley/5036/download/"}]},{"pk":8736,"title":"Abdominal CT Does Not Improve Outcome for Children with Suspected Acute Appendicitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Acute appendicitis in children is a clinical diagnosis, which often requires preoperative confirmation with either ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) studies. CTs expose children to radiation, which may increase the lifetime risk of developing malignancy. US in the pediatric population with appropriate clinical follow up and serial exam may be an effective diagnostic modality for many children without incurring the risk of radiation. The objective of the study was to compare the rate of appendiceal rupture and negative appendectomies between children with and without abdominal CTs; and to evaluate the same outcomes for children with and without USs to determine if there were any associations between imaging modalities and outcomes.\nMethods:\n We conducted a retrospective chart review including emergency department (ED) and inpatient records from 1/1/2009–2/31/2010 and included patients with suspected acute appendicitis.\nResults:\n 1,493 children, aged less than one year to 20 years, were identified in the ED with suspected appendicitis. These patients presented with abdominal pain who had either a surgical consult or an abdominal imaging study to evaluate for appendicitis, or were transferred from an outside hospital or primary care physician office with the stated suspicion of acute appendicitis. Of these patients, 739 were sent home following evaluation in the ED and did not return within the subsequent two weeks and were therefore presumed not to have appendicitis. A total of 754 were admitted and form the study population, of which 20% received a CT, 53% US, and 8% received both. Of these 57%, 95% CI [53.5,60.5] had pathology-proven appendicitis. Appendicitis rates were similar for children with a CT (57%, 95% CI [49.6,64.4]) compared to those without (57%, 95% CI [52.9,61.0]). Children with perforation were similar between those with a CT (18%, 95% CI [12.3,23.7]) and those without (13%, 95% CI [10.3,15.7]). The proportion of children with a negative appendectomy was similar in both groups: CT (7%, 95% CI [2.1,11.9]), US (8%, 95% CI [4.7,11.3]) and neither (12%, 95% CI [5.9,18.1]).\nConclusion: \nIn this uncontrolled study, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis and the incidence of pathology-proven perforation appendix were similar for children with suspected acute appendicitis whether they had CT, US or neither imaging, in conjunction with surgical consult. The imaging modality of CT was not associated with better outcomes for children presenting to the ED with suspected appendicitis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Appendicitis, CT, emergency"}],"section":"Treatment Protocol Assessment","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xn4d6d8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Miano","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Renee","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Silvis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Research, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jill","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Popp","name_suffix":"","institution":"Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Research, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marvin","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Culbertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brendan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Campbell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sharon","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-01-30T14:39:12-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-01-30T14:39:12-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-10T17:49:04-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8736/galley/5007/download/"}]},{"pk":5364,"title":"Sequential Temporal Discrimination in Humans and Mice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous studies showed that humans and mice can maximize their rewards in two alternative temporal discrimination tasks by incorporating exogenous probabilities and endogenous timing uncertainty into their decisions. The current study investigated if the probabilistic relations modulated the temporal discrimination performance in scenarios with more than two temporal options. In order to address this question, we tested humans (Experiment 1) and mice (Experiment 2) in the \ndual-switch task\n, which required subjects to discriminate three time intervals (short, medium, and long durations) in a sequential fashion. The latencies of switches from short to medium and from medium to long option were the main units of analysis. The results revealed that the timing of switches between the first two options (short-to-medium) were sensitive to probabilistic information in both humans and mice. However, mice but not humans adapted the timing of their subsequent switches between the last two options (medium-to-long) based on the probabilistic information associated with these latter options. These results point at a suboptimal tendency in the temporal decisions of humans with multiple options.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"decision-making"},{"word":"Optimality"},{"word":"probability"},{"word":"temporal discrimination"},{"word":"Timing Uncertainty"}],"section":"Special Issue on Timing and Time Perception","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4646g4j1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Filiz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Çoşkun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dilara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Berkay","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Zeynep Ceyda","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sayalı","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Fuat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Balcı","name_suffix":"","institution":"Koç University, Department of Psychology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-02T08:23:32-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-02T08:23:32-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-10T11:07:15-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5364/galley/3220/download/"}]},{"pk":9111,"title":"More Than Just an Abscess: Ultrasound-Assisted Diagnosis of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Ultrasound, Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bq549p2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erik","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Berg","name_suffix":"","institution":"LAC+USC Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Saman","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kashani","name_suffix":"","institution":"LAC+USC Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tarina","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Kang","name_suffix":"","institution":"LAC+USC Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-06T00:02:49-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-06T00:02:49-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-09T17:07:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9111/galley/5112/download/"}]},{"pk":9349,"title":"Ultrasound of Sternal Fracture","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"sternal fracture"}],"section":"Technology in Emergency Medicine","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44g9p663","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shadi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lahham","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Patane","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathaniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lane","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-11T20:06:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-11T20:06:50-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T17:06:47-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9349/galley/5264/download/"}]},{"pk":9340,"title":"Vallecular Varix: A Perplexing Cause of Oral Cavity Bleeding","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Often discovered only after an extensive work up for hemoptysis and hematemesis, vallecular varices are a rare cause of oral bleeding that increase patient morbidity due to delay of diagnosis.We describe an 89-year-old male who presented with a week of intermittent oral blood production. A vallecular varix was identified on fiberoptic laryngoscopy after studies for hematemesis and hemoptysis had been performed, including negative esophagogastroduodenoscopy and bronchoscopy. Awareness of this pathology and key points in the patient history can direct the clinician toward the correct diagnosis, expediting treatment and limiting invasive diagnostic procedures for pulmonary or gastric etiologies of bleeding.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"vallecula, varix, oral, bleeding, hemoptysis"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w73562x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Polacco","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanon, New Hampshire","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jacob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ossoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanon, New Hampshire","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Paydarfar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanon, New Hampshire","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-06T14:46:33-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-06T14:46:33-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T17:04:21-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9340/galley/5259/download/"}]},{"pk":9279,"title":"Oral Ulcerations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Necrotizing Gingivitis, Oral infection"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w88x1nk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brandon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fetterolf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma,\nWashington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alexandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zabella","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jared","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strote","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-05T19:02:06-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-05T19:02:06-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T17:01:23-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9279/galley/5241/download/"}]},{"pk":9022,"title":"The Physiologically Difficult Airway","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Airway management in critically ill patients involves the identification and management of the potentially difficult airway in order to avoid untoward complications. This focus on difficult airway management has traditionally referred to identifying anatomic characteristics of the patient that make either visualizing the glottic opening or placement of the tracheal tube through the vocal cords difficult. This paper will describe the physiologically difficult airway, in which physiologic derangements of the patient increase the risk of cardiovascular collapse from airway management. The four physiologically difficult airways described include hypoxemia, hypotension, severe metabolic acidosis, and right ventricular failure. The emergency physician should account for these physiologic derangements with airway management in critically ill patients regardless of the predicted anatomic difficulty of the intubation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Acute respiratory failure, intubation, hypercapnea, hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, mechanical ventilation, right ventricular failure, airway management"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kv5q8jg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jarrod","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Mosier","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Raj","middle_name":"","last_name":"Joshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Cameron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hypes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Garrett","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pacheco","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Terence","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valenzuela","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Sakles","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-13T23:02:33-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-13T23:02:33-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:58:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9022/galley/5089/download/"}]},{"pk":9049,"title":"The Need for More Prehospital Research on Language Barriers: A Narrative Review","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Despite evidence from other healthcare settings that language barriers negatively impact patient outcomes, the literature on language barriers in emergency medical services (EMS) has not been previously summarized. The objective of this study is to systematically review existing studies of the impact of language barriers on prehospital emergency care and identify opportunities for future research. \nMethods:\n A systematic review with narrative synthesis of publications with populations specific to the prehospital setting and outcome measures specific to language barriers was conducted. A four-prong search strategy of academic databases (PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Clinical Key) through March 2015, web-based search for gray literature, search of citation lists, and review of key conference proceedings using pre-defined eligibility criteria was used. Language-related outcomes were categorized and reported as community-specific outcomes, EMS provider-specific outcomes, patient-specific outcomes, or health system-specific outcomes.\nResults\n: Twenty-two studies met eligibility criteria for review. Ten publications (45%) focused on community-specific outcomes. Language barriers are perceived as a barrier by minority language speaking communities to activating EMS. Eleven publications (50%) reported outcomes specific to EMS providers, with six of these studies focused on EMS dispatch. EMS dispatchers describe less accurate and delayed dispatch of resources when confronted with language discordant callers, as well as limitations in the ability to provide medical direction to callers. There is a paucity of research on EMS treatment and transport decisions, and no studies provided patient-specific or health system-specific outcomes. Key research gaps include identifying the mechanisms by which language barriers impact care, the effect of language barriers on EMS utilization and clinically significant outcomes, and the cost implications of addressing language barriers.\nConclusion:\n The existing research on prehospital language barriers is largely exploratory, and substantial gaps in understanding the interaction between language barriers and prehospital care have yet to be addressed. Future research should be focused on clarifying the clinical and cost implications of prehospital language barriers.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Prehospital emergency care"},{"word":"emergency medical services"},{"word":"communication barriers"},{"word":"language barriers"},{"word":"Interpreter services"}],"section":"Patient Communication","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4254x3xq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ramsey","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Tate","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New Mexico, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-30T13:49:10-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-30T13:49:10-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:55:38-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9049/galley/5099/download/"}]},{"pk":9038,"title":"Lactate Clearance Predicts Survival Among Patients in the Emergency Department with Severe Sepsis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Lactate clearance has been implicated as a predictor of mortality among emergency department (ED) patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. We aimed to validate prior studies showing that lactate clearance during the ED stay is associated with decreased mortality.\n \nMethods:\n Retrospective dual-centered cross-sectional study using patients identified in the Yale-New Haven Hospital Emergency Medicine sepsis registry with severe sepsis or septic shock who had initial lactate levels measured in the ED and upon arrival (&lt;24 hours) to the hospital floor. Lactate clearance was calculated as percent of serum lactate change from ED to floor measurement. We compared mortality and hospital interventions between patients who cleared lactate and those who did not. \n \nResults:\n 207 patients (110 male; 63.17±17.9 years) were included. Two reviewers extracted data with 95% agreement. One hundred thirty-six patients (65.7%) had severe sepsis and 71 patients (34.3%) had septic shock. There were 171 patients in the clearance group and 36 patients in the non-clearance group. The 28-day mortality rates were 15.2% in the lactate clearance group and 36.1% in the non-clearance group (p&lt;0.01). Vasopressor support was initiated more often in the non-clearance group (61.1%) than in the clearance group (36.8%, p&lt;0.01) and mechanical ventilation was used in 66.7% of the non-clearance group and 36.3% of the clearance group (p=0.001). \nConclusion:\n Patients who do not clear their lactate in the ED have significantly higher mortality than those with decreasing lactate levels. Our results are confirmatory of other literature supporting that lactate clearance may be used to stratify mortality-risk among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sepsis, Lactate"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3517r1rv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sundeep","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bhat","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Clara, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kai","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Swenson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Melissa","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Francis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Uniformed Services Residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Wira","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-26T12:02:23-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-26T12:02:23-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:52:33-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9038/galley/5093/download/"}]},{"pk":44091,"title":"Legionellosis in an Immunosuppressed Patient","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49p5m845","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Marshall","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Russell","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Kerbel","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-08T16:47:35-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44091/galley/32894/download/"}]},{"pk":9274,"title":"Troponin Marker for Acute Coronary Occlusion and Patient Outcome Following Cardiac Arrest","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n The utility of troponin as a marker for acute coronary occlusion and patient outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unclear. We sought to determine whether initial or peak troponin was associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), OHCA survival or neurological outcome. \nMethods:\n Single-center retrospective-cohort study of OHCA patients treated in a comprehensive clinical pathway from November 2007 to October 2012. Troponin I levels were acquired at presentation, four and eight hours after arrest, and then per physician discretion. Cardiac catheterization was at the cardiologist’s discretion. Survival and outcome were determined at hospital discharge, with cerebral performance category score 1-2 defined as a good neurological outcome. \nResults:\n We enrolled 277 patients; 58% had a shockable rhythm, 44% survived, 41% good neurological outcome. Of the 107 (38%) patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, 30 (28%) had PCI. Initial ED troponin (median, ng/mL) was not different in patients requiring PCI vs no PCI (0.32 vs 0.09, p=0.06), although peak troponin was higher (4.19 versus 1.57, p=0.02). Of the 85 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization without STEMI (n=85), there was no difference in those who received PCI vs no PCI in initial troponin (0.22 vs 0.06, p=0.40) or peak troponin (2.58 vs 1.43, p=0.27). Regarding outcomes, there was no difference in initial troponin in survivors versus non-survivors (0.09 vs 0.22, p=0.11), or those with a good versus poor neurological outcome (0.09 vs 0.20, p=0.11). Likewise, there was no difference in peak troponin in survivors versus non-survivors (1.64 vs 1.23, p=0.07), or in those with a good versus poor neurological outcome (1.57 vs 1.26, p=0.14).\nConclusion: \nIn our single-center patient cohort, peak troponin, but not initial troponin, was associated with higher likelihood of PCI, while neither initial nor peak troponin were associated with survival or neurological outcome in OHCA patients.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Cardiac arrest, percutaneous coronary intervention"}],"section":"Health Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76v5q4sc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"Andres","last_name":"Pearson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Wares","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Katherine","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Mayer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Runyon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Studnek","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mecklenburg EMS Agency, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shana","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Ward","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Health Care System, Dickson Advanced Analytics Group, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kathi","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Kraft","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Health Care System, Dickson Advanced Analytics Group, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alan","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Heffner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina; Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-04T12:23:09-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-04T12:23:09-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:40:52-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9274/galley/5238/download/"}]},{"pk":9042,"title":"Systematic Review of ED-based Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Research","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Assessment reactivity may be a factor in the modest results of brief interventions for substance use in the emergency department (ED). The presence of assessment reactivity in studies of interventions for intimate partner violence (IPV) has not been studied. Our objectives were to identify ED IPV intervention studies and evaluate the presence of a consistently positive effect on the control groups. \nMethods:\n We performed a systematic search of electronic databases for English=language intervention studies addressing IPV in the ED published since 1990. Study selection and assessment of methodologic quality were performed by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and then independently checked for completeness and accuracy by a second reviewer. \nResults:\n Of 3,620 unique manuscripts identified by database search, 667 underwent abstract review and 12 underwent full-text review. Only three met full eligibility criteria; data on the control arm were available for two studies. In these two studies, IPV-related outcomes improved for both the experimental and control condition.\nConclusion:\n The paucity of controlled trials of IPV precluded a robust evaluation for assessment reactivity. This study highlighted a critical gap in ED research on IPV.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"intimate partner violence"},{"word":"domestic violence"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"Assessment Reactivity"}],"section":"Injury Prevention and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91d8h18k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Esther","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Choo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Sex and Gender in Emergency Care, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Gottlieb","name_suffix":"","institution":"Baystate Health, Springfield, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marie","middle_name":"","last_name":"DeLuca","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Chantal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tape","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Sex and Gender in Emergency Care, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colwell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Caron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zlotnick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-27T09:18:33-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-27T09:18:33-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:35:32-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9042/galley/5096/download/"}]},{"pk":8993,"title":"Derivation and Validation of Predictive Factors for Clinical Deterioration after Admission in Emergency Department Patients Presenting with Abnormal Vital Signs Without Shock","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Strategies to identify high-risk emergency department (ED) patients often use markedly abnormal vital signs and serum lactate levels. Risk stratifying such patients without using the presence of shock is challenging. The objective of the study is to identify independent predictors of in-hospital adverse outcomes in ED patients with abnormal vital signs or lactate levels, but who are not in shock.\nMethods:\n We performed a prospective observational study of patients with abnormal vital signs or lactate level defined as heart rate ≥130 beats/min, respiratory rate ≥24 breaths/min, shock index ≥1, systolic blood pressure &lt;90mm/Hg, or lactate ≥4mmole/L. We excluded patients with isolated atrial tachycardia, seizure, intoxication, psychiatric agitation, or tachycardia due to pain (ie: extremity fracture). The primary outcome was deterioration, defined as development of acute renal failure (creatinine 2x baseline), non-elective intubation, vasopressor requirement, or mortality. Independent predictors of deterioration after hospitalization were determined using logistic regression.\nResults:\n Of 1,152 consecutive patients identified with abnormal vital signs or lactate level, 620 were excluded, leaving 532 for analysis. Of these, 53/532 (9.9±2.5%) deteriorated after hospital admission. Independent predictors of in-hospital deterioration were: lactate &gt;4.0mmol/L (OR 5.1, 95% CI [2.1–12.2]), age ≥80 yrs (OR 1.9, CI [1.0–3.7]), bicarbonate &lt;21mEq/L (OR 2.5, CI [1.3–4.9]), and initial HR≥130 (OR 3.1, CI [1.5–6.1]).\nConclusion:\n Patients exhibiting abnormal vital signs or elevated lactate levels without shock had significant rates of deterioration after hospitalization. ED clinical data predicted patients who suffered adverse outcomes with reasonable reliability.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Pre-shock, Emergency Department"}],"section":"Patient Safety","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zf087fm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Henning","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kimie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oedorf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Day","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Colby","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Redfield","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Colin","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Huguenel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Leon","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Sanchez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Wolfe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Shapiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-03T17:03:27-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-03T17:03:27-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:28:51-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8993/galley/5077/download/"}]},{"pk":9058,"title":"Alcohol Use as Risk Factors for Older Adults’ Emergency Department Visits: A Latent Class Analysis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nLate middle-aged and older adults’ share of emergency department (ED) visits is increasing more than other age groups. ED visits by individuals with substance-related problems are also increasing. This paper was intended to identify subgroups of individuals aged 50+ by their risk for ED visits by examining their health/mental health status and alcohol use patterns.\nMethods: \nData came from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey’s Sample Adult file (n=15,713). Following descriptive analysis of sample characteristics by alcohol use patterns, latent class analysis (LCA) modeling was fit using alcohol use pattern (lifetime abstainers, ex-drinkers, current infrequent/light/moderate drinkers, and current heavy drinkers), chronic health and mental health status, and past-year ED visits as indicators.\nResults: \nLCA identified a four-class model. All members of Class 1 (35% of the sample; lowest-risk group) were infrequent/light/moderate drinkers and exhibited the lowest probabilities of chronic health/mental health problems; Class 2 (21%; low-risk group) consisted entirely of lifetime abstainers and, despite being the oldest group, exhibited low probabilities of health/mental health problems; Class 3 (37%; moderate-risk group) was evenly divided between ex-drinkers and heavy drinkers; and Class 4 (7%; high-risk group) included all four groups of drinkers but more ex-drinkers. In addition, Class 4 had the highest probabilities of chronic health/mental problems, unhealthy behaviors, and repeat ED visits, with the highest proportion of Blacks and the lowest proportions of college graduates and employed persons, indicating significant roles of these risk factors.\nConclusion: \nAlcohol nonuse/use (and quantity of use) and chronic health conditions are significant contributors to varying levels of ED visit risk. Clinicians need to help heavy-drinking older adults reduce unhealthy alcohol consumption and help both heavy drinkers and ex-drinkers improve chronic illnesses self-management.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Alcohol abstention, use, and misuse"},{"word":"ED visits, Older adults"}],"section":"Behavioral Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k20w4d6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Namkee","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Choi","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C. Nate","middle_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Marti","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Diana","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"DiNitto","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"Y.","last_name":"Choi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-06-04T23:26:00-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-06-04T23:26:00-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:22:23-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9058/galley/5101/download/"}]},{"pk":9009,"title":"Voluntary Medical Incident Reporting Tool to Improve Physician Reporting of Medical Errors in an Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Medical errors are frequently under-reported, yet their appropriate analysis, coupled with remediation, is essential for continuous quality improvement. The emergency department (ED) is recognized as a complex and chaotic environment prone to errors. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a web-based ED-specific incident reporting system using an iterative process.\nMethods:\n A web-based, password-protected tool was developed by members of a quality assurance committee for ED providers to report incidents that they believe could impact patient safety.\nResults:\n The utilization of this system in one residency program with two academic sites resulted in an increase from 81 reported incidents in 2009, the first year of use, to 561 reported incidents in 2012. This is an increase in rate of reported events from 0.07% of all ED visits to 0.44% of all ED visits. In 2012, faculty reported 60% of all incidents, while residents and midlevel providers reported 24% and 16% respectively. The most commonly reported incidents were delays in care and management concerns.\nConclusion: \nError reporting frequency can be dramatically improved by using a web-based, user-friendly, voluntary, and non-punitive reporting system.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Medical Errors, Risk Management, Patient Safety, Hospital Incident Reporting"}],"section":"Patient Safety","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70s51301","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nnaemeka","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Okafor","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Pratik","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Doshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"McCarthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Hoot","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Darger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Roberto","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Benitez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Yashwant","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Chathampally","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-05-07T10:55:17-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-05-07T10:55:17-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T16:10:11-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9009/galley/5086/download/"}]},{"pk":9508,"title":"This article corrects: “Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Erratum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qq119hg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jagdipak","middle_name":"","last_name":"Heer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"","last_name":"McPheeters","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Asha","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Atwell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Phillip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aguiniga","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Blake","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-08T15:47:23-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-08T15:47:23-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-08T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9508/galley/5313/download/"}]},{"pk":47994,"title":"A River Runs Through It: Art, Geology and Life on the Upper Mississippi","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article presents a pilot interdisciplinary project for middle-school students including visual literacy, studio art, English-language literacy, geology and the study of indigenous groups.[i] The location of the pilot was in the upper Midwest, along the Mississippi river bluffs of St. Paul, Minnesota. English-as-a-Second Language (ESL) students from a Title I school joined a six week summer program, where they examined the banks and bluffs of the Mississippi river, effigy mound sites, and made visits to the Science Museum of Minnesota and the Minneapolis Institute of Art. This curriculum investigates ‘place’ and effects of time, with the intent to increase students’ knowledge of local history, and their placement within the socio-cultural context of a river-city. Students took digital photographs, created mixed-media art, conducted computer research and wrote about their experiences. Teachers agreed that this combination of learning strategies was a rich interdisciplinary experience for students. This article describes the various components and resources for such interdisciplinary curriculum, with emphasis on skill-building, knowledge acquisition and exploring connections.\n \n[i] This project was funded by a grant from the National Art Education Foundation (NAEF).","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Art Education, Art, Environment, Geology, History, Interdisciplinary"}],"section":"Arts and Sciences","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12f3c2m2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lynette","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Henderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Northridge","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-05T15:13:37-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-05T15:13:37-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-07T09:58:45-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47994/galley/36135/download/"}]},{"pk":47949,"title":"“I’m a writer. But I’m an artist, too. Look at my artist’s notebook”: Developing Voice through Art and Language","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how elementary children develop voice in a classroom where art and language have equal import from four different contexts: group, guided, table, and independent shares. Specifically, this paper highlights one child in particular: Rebecca, a writer who discovers art as a way of knowing and develops a greater appreciation for her love of writing.  My dissertation study took place in a second grade classroom, a ripe context to study a multimodal approach to learning, since many modes of knowing often lose their status (e.g., art) to more privileged ones (e.g., language) as learners progress in the elementary grades. This article investigates how one child develops voice through art and language and serves as an exemplar of how multiple ways of knowing and contexts in which to learn can positively influence children’s sense of self as artist, writer, and meaning maker.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Ways of Knowing"},{"word":"writing"},{"word":"education"}],"section":"Teaching and Learning through the Arts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bg8b99h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Leigh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oakland University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-03-26T15:48:54-04:00","date_accepted":"2012-03-26T15:48:54-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-04T10:21:58-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47949/galley/36107/download/"}]},{"pk":47999,"title":"Education through Movies:   Improving teaching skills and fostering reflection among students and teachers.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Learning through aesthetics—in which cinema is included—stimulates learner reflection. As emotions play key roles in learning attitudes and changing behavior, teachers must impact learners affective domain. Since feelings exist before concepts, the affective path is a critical path to the rational process of learning. Cinema is the audiovisual version of storytelling. It enhances emotions and therefore sets up the foundation for conveying concepts. Movie experiences act like emotional memories for developing attitudes and keeping them as reflective reference in the daily activities and events. To foster reflection is the main goal in this cinematic teaching set. The purpose is not to show the audience how to incorporate a particular attitude, but rather to promote their reflection and to provide a forum for discussion. In this paper, the authors relate their experiences in cinematic teaching, particularly the effectiveness of the movie-clip methodology, in which multiple movie clips are shown in rapid sequence, along with facilitator comments while the clips are shown. The movie clip method can improve faculty teaching and stimulate their professional growth.  Teachers seldom think about themselves and usually lack the time to disclose their feelings. However, they use their own emotions in teaching, so learning proper methods to address their affective side is a complementary way to improve their communication with students. This methodology offers a special environment for fostering open-hearted discussions, helps teachers improve their self-knowledge, and develop closer relationships with colleagues and students through the affective domain. In this paper the authors want to share the methodology and a summary of their experiences in teaching. Although the authors’ field is mostly medical education they have also had some cinematic teaching experience with other audiences, and consequently they want to share with a extensive community of educators. An Appendix is included at the end, with a collection of movie scenes the authors frequently use in medical education.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cinema and Education, Affective education, Innovative Teaching Methodology, Learning through emotions, Reflection among peers."}],"section":"Multimedia Approaches","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dt7s0zk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pablo","middle_name":"Gonzalez","last_name":"Blasco","name_suffix":"","institution":"Scientific Director at SOBRAMFA- Brazilian Society of Family Medicine. Medical Education and Humanism","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Graziela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moreto","name_suffix":"","institution":"SOBRAMFA- Brazilian Society of Family Medicine. Medical Education and Humanism,","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mariluz","middle_name":"González","last_name":"Blasco","name_suffix":"","institution":"SOBRAMFA- Associate Professor.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marcelo","middle_name":"Rozenfeld","last_name":"Levites","name_suffix":"","institution":"SOBRAMFA- Brazilian Society of Family Medicine. Medical Education and Humanism,","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marco Aurelio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Janaudis","name_suffix":"","institution":"SOBRAMFA- Brazilian Society of Family Medicine. Medical Education and Humanism,","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-04-15T10:11:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2014-04-15T10:11:50-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-04T10:14:17-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47999/galley/36138/download/"}]},{"pk":47990,"title":"What Predicts Pre-Service Teacher Use of Arts-Based Pedagogies in the Classroom? An Analysis of the Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes of Pre-Service Teachers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Arts-based pedagogies have a positive, significant impact on various student academic-related outcomes. University teacher preparation programs may want to consider \npre-service\n teacher beliefs, values, and attitudes toward arts-based pedagogies in order to better support teacher growth in using these arts-based approaches. In this study, we administered the \nTeaching with the Arts \nsurvey to 160 pre-service teachers. Results from the survey suggest that pre-service teachers value the arts; however, this was not related to their plans for future use of arts in the classroom. Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of personal creativity and ability to overcome systemic constraints were highly predictive of plans for future use. Implications for policy and practice are included.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Teacher Beliefs"},{"word":"Arts-Based Pedagogy"},{"word":"Pre-Service"},{"word":"Possible Selves"}],"section":"Teacher Preparation and Professional Development","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xg3n0xf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bridget","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cawthon","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-20T14:37:34-04:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-20T14:37:34-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-04T10:06:01-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47990/galley/36133/download/"}]},{"pk":47998,"title":"Theme-based courses foster student learning and promote comfort with learning new material","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this article, we review the literature about theme-based teaching, then report quantitative and qualitative results from surveys from three different courses: one section of a100-level in-person art course; five sections of 300-level on-line art courses; and one section of a 100-level in-person biology course at SUNY Delhi with applied themes (“food,” “healthcare,” and “beer” respectively) in teaching and learning. Our results indicate that\n \nembedding themes across an entire course can be a successful way to improve student perceptions of their learning and comfort with learning about new subjects.  These data expand current gaps in the literature with respect to the measured benefits for students of adopting themes in college teaching and learning.  They will be useful to teachers considering the use of themes in their courses and to anyone looking for a way to help students relate to the disciplines in their courses.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Thematic-approach, Undergraduate Education, On-line Education, Qualitative Analysis, Biology, Art, Food, Healthcare, Beer"}],"section":"Medical Humanities","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5028t6zm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tessier","name_suffix":"","institution":"SUNY Delhi","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jack","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tessier","name_suffix":"","institution":"SUNY Delhi","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-14T13:40:18-04:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-14T13:40:18-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-04T09:53:24-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47998/galley/36137/download/"}]},{"pk":47961,"title":"Learning Through The Arts In Denmark: A Positive Psychology Qualitative Approach.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article disseminates the results of a qualitative, case-based study carried on in Danish schools in 2008-2011. Results show that learning outputs can be seen as more than academic achievement, and the arts’ contribution to learning can be viewed as more than the ancillary support of academic performance. Learning within an artful mindset implies a broader view on school learning, for the key reason that art offers many optimal opportunities for formal, mediated, meaningful and material learning. The main empiric and theoretical issue explored in this article is the experience of positive emotions and cognitive intensity within the artistic activities in school projects and its consequences for individuals’ learning, development and well-being.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"arts, learning, arts-based education, emotions, positive psychology"},{"word":"Education, Positive Psychology, Cultural Studies"}],"section":"Arts and Sciences","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84q9717f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tatiana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chemi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aalborg University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-22T04:21:04-05:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-22T04:21:04-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T21:49:06-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47961/galley/36115/download/"}]},{"pk":47953,"title":"Innovating schools through dialogic arts-based practice: ingredients for engaging students with a whole new mind","subtitle":null,"abstract":"While the “scientific” debate about school dropouts has ensued, some have taken matters into their own hands, creating successful non-school based programs on the arts for at-risk youth based. Their efforts demonstrate powerful results for learning and human development. We suggest that it is time to incorporate this knowledge base, and as well, explore its potential for an integrated model of learning that considers the creative needs of all individuals. During the fall of 2011, we introduced a pilot project to work with storytelling and painting with a group of youth in a full pull-out program. In this article, we share stories from our experience and offer insights about the complex road ahead to inject creativity into mainstream schools. The importance here is to insure that all students will be better equipped for a future that engages the whole mind and being.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"creativity, storytelling, at-risk, learning environments"},{"word":"education"}],"section":"Teaching and Learning through the Arts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vd3k1qh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Snyder","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mid Sweden University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cooper","name_suffix":"","institution":"CooperArt","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-05-28T12:06:43-04:00","date_accepted":"2012-05-28T12:06:43-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T21:38:02-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47953/galley/36110/download/"}]},{"pk":47954,"title":"Pilot Study on Kindergarten Teachers’ Perception of Linguistic and Musical Challenges in Nursery Rhymes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Nursery rhymes provide a unique learning context for preschoolers in regard to their emergent literacy and musical development. According to Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory (1978), in order for learning to occur, children must face challenges, and adults must provide support to guide them toward mastery of new skills. The current pilot study began with the aim of  documenting teachers’ reactions to nursery rhymes in relation to their level of difficulty. Eighty-eight kindergarten teachers were asked to use the new nursery rhymes in their classrooms. Then, they were asked fill out a questionnaire to document their reactions and their ratings of the linguistic and musical difficulty. Teachers’ reactions were measured by their overall impression of the nursery rhymes, their perception of pupils’ enjoyment of the nursery rhymes and the time they spent using these nursery rhymes in their classrooms. The results revealed that the teachers tended to have a better impression of the nursery rhymes, perceive their pupils’ enjoyment of the nursery rhymes as more positive, and spend more time on those nursery rhymes judged the easiest in regard to their vocabulary and their rhythm. According to Ezell and Justice (2005), by putting more emphasis on easier nursery rhymes, teachers might target only what children have already mastered, leaving less opportunity for new emergent literacy and music skills to develop. The results point to the necessity of improving educators’ training in regard to the use of nursery rhymes by focusing on the educational opportunities provided by linguistic and musical challenges in nursery rhymes, an important starting point for explicit instruction and scaffolding (Bruner, 1983).","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Nursery Rhymes"},{"word":"music education"},{"word":"Emergent Literacy"},{"word":"teachers"},{"word":"kindergarten"}],"section":"Teacher Preparation and Professional Development","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gw4v7mp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pascal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lefebvre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bolduc","name_suffix":"","institution":"Université Laval","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pirkenne","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-06-24T00:21:09-04:00","date_accepted":"2012-06-24T00:21:09-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T21:10:59-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47954/galley/36111/download/"}]},{"pk":47988,"title":"Upper Elementary Students Creatively Learn Scientific Features of Animal Skulls by Making Movable Books","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Arts integration in science has benefits of increasing student engagement and understanding.  Lessons focusing on form and function of animal skulls provide an effective example of how handicrafts integrated with science instruction motivate students and support learning.  The study involved students ages 9-12 during a week-long summer day camp.  Students applied animal skull concepts of eye positions of predators and prey, relative eye sizes of nocturnal animals compared to tunnel-dwellers, shapes and functions of different types of teeth, and terminology and functions of different bones, openings, and structures of animal skulls in making moveable book pages. These pages featured pop-up constructions, a lift-the-flap page, and a turning wheel behind cut-out windows in a page to convey the skull concepts. Additional creativity was incorporated through making a three-dimensional cover related to the Mexican Day of the Dead with skulls made from pieces of recycled plastic bottles, drawing figural-transformations, and creating animal skull models from household or discarded materials. The lessons included classification of images of skull features on cards and examination of realistic animal skull models. Pretest-posttest science content results indicated large gains with a very large effect size; attitude surveys and student work showed high motivation and creativity.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"handicrafts"},{"word":"Creativity"},{"word":"attitudes"},{"word":"science-art integration"}],"section":"Arts and Sciences","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mp8h0sj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Klein","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Phyllis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gray","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ksenia","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Zhbanova","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Audrey","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Rule","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Northern Iowa","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-13T18:36:49-04:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-13T18:36:49-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T20:55:59-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cla_jlta/article/47988/galley/36132/download/"}]},{"pk":39443,"title":"Review:  Cultivating the Nile:  The Everyday of Politics of Water in Egypt","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Water resources development"},{"word":"Water use"},{"word":"egypt"},{"word":"Nile River"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j690999","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryder","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Freelance environmental and science reporter","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-03T16:03:57-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-03T16:03:57-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T16:05:36-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39443/galley/29775/download/"}]},{"pk":39442,"title":"Review:  The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Mass extinctions"},{"word":"extinction"},{"word":"Environmental disasters"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tf5v0jw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryder","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Freelance environmental and science reporter","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-03T15:58:50-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-03T15:58:50-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T16:00:20-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39442/galley/29774/download/"}]},{"pk":39441,"title":"Review:  The Last Beach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Beaches--Environmental aspects"},{"word":"Seashore ecology"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dz4g5d1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryder","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Freelance environmental and science reporter","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-12-03T15:53:08-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-12-03T15:53:08-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T15:55:13-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39441/galley/29773/download/"}]},{"pk":39434,"title":"Review:  Power Density:  A Key to Understanding Energy Sources and Uses","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"energy"},{"word":"Power density"},{"word":"coal"},{"word":"Oil"},{"word":"renewable energy"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9392s1nk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Troy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vettese","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-11-08T12:20:01-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-11-08T12:20:01-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T15:36:14-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39434/galley/29769/download/"}]},{"pk":8833,"title":"A Massive Overdose of Dalfampridine","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system. Dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in January 2010 for treatment of MS. Our patient was a 34-year-old male with a history of MS, who was brought to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. His current medications were valacyclovir, temazepam, dalfampridine (4-AP) and a tysabri intravenous (IV) infusion. Fifteen minutes after arrival the patient seized. The seizures were refractory to benzodiazepines, barbiturates and phenytoin. The 4-AP level was 530ng/mL (25ng/mL and 49ng/mL). The patient stopped seizing on hospital day 3 and was discharged 14 days later with normal mental status and neurologic exam. 4-AP is a potassium channel blocker that blocks the potassium ion current of repolarization following an action potential. The blockade of the potassium channel at the level of the membrane widens the action potential and enhances the release of acetylcholine, thus increasing post-synaptic action potentials. The treatment of patients with 4-AP overdose is supportive. Animal data suggest that patients with toxic levels of 4-AP may respond to phenytoin. Our case illustrates the highest recorded level of 4-AP in an overdose. Our patient appeared to be refractory to a combination of high doses of anticonvulsants and only improved with time.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Overdose, dalfampridine, seizure"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67c451bv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Fil","name_suffix":"","institution":"North Shore University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manhasset, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Payal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sud","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steve","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sattler","name_suffix":"","institution":"Good Samaritan Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, West Islip, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-03-31T12:46:50-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-03-31T12:46:50-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-03T13:56:07-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8833/galley/5037/download/"}]},{"pk":44090,"title":"A Case Report of Hereditary Pick’s Disease","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wb429j0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lucia","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Dattoma","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Zaldy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tan","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-01T16:46:29-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44090/galley/32893/download/"}]},{"pk":44089,"title":"Squamous Cell Cancer of the Breast","subtitle":null,"abstract":null,"language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t8315gm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Evangelia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirimis","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2015-12-01T16:21:13-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44089/galley/32892/download/"}]},{"pk":41396,"title":"Mapping sequences involved in induction of decline by Citrus tristeza virus T36 on the sour orange rootstock.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Historically, decline (or tristeza) has been a devastating disease of citrus caused by \nCitrus tristeza virus\n (CTV). Decline is a man-made disease based largely on propagation of sweet orange, grapefruit, and mandarins on the sour orange rootstock. In Florida, the major problem caused by CTV has been decline, since severe stem-pitting isolates are absent. Although this disease can be controlled by using alternative rootstocks, there are soils in which all other rootstock choices are less desirable in terms of fruit quality and yield. A major goal has been to develop measures that allow growers to use the sour orange rootstock in the presence of CTV. Florida has 2 predominant strains of CTV, a decline (T36) strain and a non-decline strain (T30). A first step was to map the viral determinant that induces decline. This was done by creating hybrids with T30 sequences substituted into T36 to identify sequences correlated with loss of decline symptoms. This project was delayed considerably because greenhouse assays to definitively assay decline symptoms did not work. In order to examine decline in field trees, a permit from the US Department of Agriculture Biotechnology Regulatory Service was obtained to test the recombinant-DNA-produced virus hybrids. This permit required that we test small trees inoculated with CTV at the time of planting. Under these conditions, those constructs that retained the T36 p23 and 3ʹ non-translated sequences induced greater amounts of stunting.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hz37649","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"O.","last_name":"Dawson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Robertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Albiach-Martí","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA; ValGenetics SL, C/Caterdrático Agustín, 9, Parc Cientific UV,\nEdificio 3 CUE, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bar-Joseph","name_suffix":"","institution":"The S Tolkowsky Laboratory, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel (retired)","department":"None"},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Garnsey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-11-09T15:22:08-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-11-09T15:22:08-05:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T14:42:31-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41396/galley/30994/download/"}]},{"pk":9383,"title":"Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Caused Sudden Airway Obstruction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, airway obstruction, oncologic emergency"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55b4c333","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yudai","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iwasaki","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Fukushima, Japan","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-10-02T00:27:56-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-10-02T00:27:56-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T14:01:51-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9383/galley/5276/download/"}]},{"pk":9347,"title":"When the Secondary Survey is Primary: Knife Blade in the Spine","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Retained Knife Blade, Penetrating Trauma, Secondary Survey"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09z89305","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Porter","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Barraco","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Surgery, Allentown, Pennsylvania; University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goren-Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeanne","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allentown, Pennsylvania; University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-14T15:35:44-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-14T15:35:44-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T13:59:59-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9347/galley/5262/download/"}]},{"pk":9330,"title":"Mal-positioned Gastrojejunostomy Tube","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"gastrojejunostomy tube, vomiting"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h56909s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shadi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lahham","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Samer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Assaf","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Romeo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fairley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-09-01T12:16:42-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-09-01T12:16:42-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T13:57:48-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9330/galley/5255/download/"}]},{"pk":9324,"title":"Adult Female with Abdominal Pain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"abdominal pain"},{"word":"Tubo-Ovarian Abscess"},{"word":"ultrasound"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ws6f2fc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Frasure","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kimberly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stanford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-08-29T10:50:20-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-08-29T10:50:20-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T13:55:56-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9324/galley/5254/download/"}]},{"pk":9259,"title":"Iliac Pseudoaneurysm from Endoleak","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09d96763","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moffett","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Richmond, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Travis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Redmon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Richmond, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Vitto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Richmond, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Evans","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Richmond, Virginia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-07-24T10:05:51-04:00","date_accepted":"2015-07-24T10:05:51-04:00","date_published":"2015-12-01T13:54:17-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/9259/galley/5233/download/"}]}]}