{"count":38441,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=24800","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=24600","results":[{"pk":7797,"title":"Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Aspects of the One-Percenter Culture for Emergency Department Personnel to Consider","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) are an iconic element of the criminal landscape in the United States, the country of their origin. Members of OMGs may present to the emergency department (ED) as a result of motor vehicle accidents or interpersonal violence. When one member of an OMG is injured, other members and associates are likely to arrive in the ED to support the injured member. The extant literature for ED personnel lacks an overview of the culture of OMGs, a culture that promotes the display of unique symbols and that holds certain paraphernalia as integral to an outlaw biker’s identity and pride. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss various aspects of the culture of OMGs so that ED personnel may better understand the mentality of the outlaw biker. Knowledge of their symbols, values, and hierarchy can be crucial to maintaining order in the ED when an injured outlaw biker presents to the ED. We used standard search engines to obtain reports from law enforcement agencies and studies in academic journals on OMGs. We present the observations of 1 author who has conducted ethnographic research on outlaw bikers since the 1980s. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):523-528.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"one-percenter"},{"word":"outlaw biker"},{"word":"outlaw motorcycle gang"},{"word":"patches"},{"word":"tattoos"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Societal Impact on Emergency Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3123c48g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anand","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bosmia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Children’s of Alabama, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quinn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Texas, Department of Rehabilitation, Social Work, and Addictions, Denton, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Todd","middle_name":"","last_name":"Peterson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christoph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griessenauer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R. Shane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tubbs","name_suffix":"","institution":"Children’s of Alabama, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-04-09T17:29:17-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-04-09T17:29:17-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-12T18:03:58-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7797/galley/4549/download/"}]},{"pk":8065,"title":"“Whirl Sign” of Primary Small Bowel Volvulus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):359–360.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"whirl sign, primary small bowel volvulus"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2604s0fs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tamura","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nobuo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kuniyoshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Surgery Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shuichi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maruwaka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joji","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shiroma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sunao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miyagi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hitoshi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Orita","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hiroshi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sakugawa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Fukunori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kinjo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fujita","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Department of Endoscopy, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Akira","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hokama","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-12T20:58:35-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-12T20:58:35-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-12T18:01:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8065/galley/4659/download/"}]},{"pk":8147,"title":"The Law of Unintended Consequences: Illicit for Licit Narcotic Substitution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):561–563.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Discourse on Integrating Emergency Care and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gg4x42v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Martin","middle_name":"Richard","last_name":"Huecker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisville, Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hugh","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Shoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisville, Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-02-18T14:36:28-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-02-18T14:36:28-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-12T17:58:26-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8147/galley/4691/download/"}]},{"pk":7993,"title":"Facial Firework Injury: A Case Series","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Fireworks are used to celebrate a variety of religious, patriotic, and cultural holidays and events around the world. Fireworks are common in the United States, with the most popular holiday for their use being national Independence Day, also known as July Fourth. The use of fireworks within the context of celebrations and holidays presents the ideal environment for accidents that lead to severe and dangerous injuries. Injuries to the face from explosions present a challenging problem in terms of restoring ideal ocular, oral, and facial function. Despite the well documented prevalence of firework use and injury, there is a relatively large deficit in the literature in terms of firework injury that involves the face. We present a unique case series that includes 4 adult male patients all with severe firework injuries to the face that presented at an urban level 1 trauma center. These four patients had an average age of 26.7 years old and presented within 5 hours of each other starting on July Fourth. Two patients died from their injuries and two patients underwent reconstructive surgical management, one of which had two follow up surgeries. We explore in detail their presentation, management, and subsequent outcomes as an attempt to add to the very limited data in the field of facial firework blast injury. In addition, the coincidence of their presentation within the same 5 hours brings into question the availability of the fireworks involved, and the possibility of similar injuries related to this type of firework in the future.  [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):387-393.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Facial Trauma, Blast Injury, Firework Injuries"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cx3q10s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kashyap","middle_name":"Komarraju","last_name":"Tadisina","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Arianne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abcarian","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ellen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Omi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Trauma Surgery, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois;\nUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-28T07:05:39-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-28T07:05:39-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-12T17:27:24-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7993/galley/4631/download/"}]},{"pk":44047,"title":"Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Coccidioidomycosis, a Case Control Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p2702q4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dickey","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Arash ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Heidari","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Greti ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petersen","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Brian ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jean ","name_suffix":"Ph.D.","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Royce ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-05-11T22:56:28-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44047/galley/32850/download/"}]},{"pk":5307,"title":"Training for Variability and Innovative Behavior","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Abstract\nThis paper provides a summary of a 1969 report (Pryor, Haag, &amp; O’Reilly) of the spontaneous emergence of innovative behavior of a dolphin, a replication of this event through training in another dolphin, and the effect this work has had on current animal training technology. This paper provides a review of laboratory based research in support of some of the procedures found effective in modern animal training in developing innovative behavior, specifically use of the conditioned reinforcer to mark a behavior, differential reinforcement of variability, and intentional use of positive reinforcement procedures. The authors describe specific processes for establishing innovative skills, practical applications presently in use with animals, consequent human and animal welfare benefits, and suggestions for further research.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"behavioral variability"},{"word":"behavioral enrichment"},{"word":"clicker training"},{"word":"creativity training"},{"word":"event marker"},{"word":"innovative behavior"},{"word":"marker based training"},{"word":"novel behavior"},{"word":"conditioned reinforcer"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs2q3nr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Karen","middle_name":"Wylie","last_name":"Pryor","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sheila","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chase","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hunter College CUNY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-04-17T07:18:15-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-04-17T07:18:15-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-11T12:59:16-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5307/galley/3177/download/"}]},{"pk":5302,"title":"Behavioral Variability in the Service of Constancy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"From a stimulus-response (S-R) point of view, or even with an intermediate step, involving cognition (S-O-R), the existence of behavioral variablity in organisms, even under tightly controlled experimental conditions, suggests that 1) the relevant inputs to the system have not been fully characterized, 2) even the most minute difference in system inputs can produce vastly variable behavioral output, or 3) that behavior is fundamentally variable.  Any of these possibilities leads to the conclusion that precise behavioral prediction, at any given moment, is virtually impossible. One can, however, re-conceptualize the challenge of understanding behavior such that it involves not what the organism will do from moment to moment, but what the characteristics of the system that governs the behavior of the organism are. In this paper, I outline a closed-loop cybernetic approach to understanding behavior, for which behavioral variability is actually a requirement. Findings are presented from a series of experiments across species, and using computer simulations, that support a cybernetic interpretation of behavior.  I argue that behavioral variability provides adaptive advantages to organisms – regardless of whether that variability is produced by noise, or is actively generated by nervous systems. Finally, I discuss some ideas from embodied cognition that impose constraints on the variability of behavior.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Cybernetics, Perceptual Control Theory, Behavior, Cross-species Comparison, Agent Based Model, Eshkol Wachman Movement Analysis, Stimulus-Response, Circular Causality, Ethology"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch4g2x6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Heather","middle_name":"Christine","last_name":"Bell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-03T12:35:53-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-03T12:35:53-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-11T12:41:45-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5302/galley/3173/download/"}]},{"pk":5298,"title":"Modulation of variation by response-reward spatial proximity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"There has been a recent surge in the experimental investigation of the control of behavioral variability. Currently, it is understood that variability in behavior is predictably modulated by reinforcement parameters (e.g., a probability of reward delivery and reward magnitude). In two experiments, we investigated how spatial proximity between response and reward locations impacts the production of behavioral variability in both response rate and lever press duration.  Rats were trained to lever press on two levers in a standard operant chamber that only differed from one another in their proximity to a food niche (i.e., Near vs. Far); a second experimental factor, the probability of reward, was signaled by an auditory cue.   In Experiment 1, trials with a high-probability stimulus terminated with reward on 100% of trials, while trials with a low-probability stimulus terminated with reward 25% of the time. We conducted a similar procedure in Experiment 2, but reduced the likelihood of reward on low-probability trials to 10%; additionally, we collected data in a post-acquisition extinction test.  Overall, reduced proximity and probability increased variation of response rate, whereas only the probability factor affected lever press duration. Proximity also interacted with probability to influence variation in response rate.  These findings extend the factors modulating behavioral variability to include the spatial proximity between a response and reward.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Variation"},{"word":"spatial proximity"},{"word":"reward probability"},{"word":"behavioral variability"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Operant"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"reward proximity"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gz4t2dr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Leising","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Chad","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Ruprecht","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"W. David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stahlman","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-28T14:16:26-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-28T14:16:26-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-11T11:02:23-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5298/galley/3169/download/"}]},{"pk":5301,"title":"Variability of manual dexterity performance in non-human primates (\nMacaca fascicularis\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to quantify the inter-individual and intra-individual variability of manual (digits) skill in adult macaque monkeys, over a motor learning phase and, lateron, when motor skills were consolidated. The hypothesis is that several attributes of the stable manual dexterity performance can be predicted from learning characteristics. The behavioral data were collected from 20 adult <em>Macaca fascicularis</em>, derived from their dominant hand, defined as the hand exhibiting a better performance than theother. Two manual dexterity tasks were tested: (i) the modified Brinkman board task, consisting in the retrieval of food pellets placed in 50 slots ina board, using the precision grip (opposition of the thumb and index finger);(ii) the reach and grasp drawer task, in which the grip force and the load force were continuously monitored while the monkey opened a drawer against a resistance, before grasping a pellet inside the drawer. The hypothesis was verified for the performance of manual dexterity after consolidation, correlated with the initial score before learning. Motor habit, reflected by the temporal order of sequential movements executed in the modified Brinkman board task, was established very early during the learning phase. As mostly expected, motor  learning led to an optimization of manual dexterity parameters, such as score, contact time, as well as a decrease in intra-individual variability. Overall,the data demonstrate the substantial inter-individual variability of manual dexterity in non-human primates, to be considered for further pre-clinical applications based on this animal model.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"inter individual"},{"word":"intraindividual variability"},{"word":"motor learning"},{"word":"Macaque"},{"word":"Monkey"},{"word":"dexterity"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"precision grip"},{"word":"reach"},{"word":"grasp"},{"word":"force"},{"word":"skill"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6037m62g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mélanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaeser","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Pauline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chatagny","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anne-Dominique","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gindrat","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Savidan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Simon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Badoud","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fregosi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Véronique","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moret","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roulin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schmidlin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rouiller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-02-18T23:50:46-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-02-18T23:50:46-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-11T10:47:19-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5301/galley/3172/download/"}]},{"pk":5296,"title":"Spatial Variability in Serial Response Learning and Performance by Pigeons (\nColumba livia\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pigeons can learn structured sequences of cued responses and perform them quickly, even when random variability is later introduced into the originally learned sequence, making some cue locations unpredictable.  In order to determine if initial learning shows the same tolerance of spatial variability as steady-state performance, naïve pigeons were trained on random distortions around a structured sequence without having seen the original sequence itself.  Learning was possible, but accommodated less variability than did performance of the same sequence previously learned in an undistorted context.  Analysis of results indicated that performance of a randomly distorted sequence is best when birds are initially trained with little or no variability, and randomness is later introduced in a gradual fashion.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Procedural memory, variability, serial response time, sequence learning, pigeons, prototypes"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69m5249f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Walter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Herbranson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Whitman College","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Xi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Claremont Graduate University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Yvan","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Trinh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Whitman College alum","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-21T16:04:35-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-21T16:04:35-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T18:56:49-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5296/galley/3167/download/"}]},{"pk":5294,"title":"Use of self-organizing maps for exploring coordination variability in the transition between walking and running","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigated multi-dimensional coordination instability and variability in the transitions between walking and running for a 26 year old female runner using self-organizing maps (SOMs) in three experimental procedures. We found different multi-dimensional coordination patterns for walking and running using the output from SOMs as stride trajectories on U-matrices and attractor diagrams. In transient conditions, the participant showed multi-stability, or instability, in the transition region for decreasing but not for increasing speeds. She also clearly showed increased multi-dimensional coordination variability around the transition region only for decreasing speeds and only in transient conditions. These findings may not be general across runners nor were they conclusive enough to support variability as a facilitator of the change from running to walking. Self-organizing maps provide us with a tool to study multi-dimensional coordination (and coordination variability) and to reduce its complexity to relatively simple map outputs, including basins of attraction and attractor landscapes.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Self-Organizing Maps"},{"word":"coordination"},{"word":"Movement Variability"},{"word":"Gait Transitions"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s43n24d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roger","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Bartlett","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Otago","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Lamb","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Otago","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"O’Donovan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Otago","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gavin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kennedy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Otago","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-19T14:34:36-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-19T14:34:36-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T18:30:03-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5294/galley/3165/download/"}]},{"pk":5295,"title":"Effects of Response Frequency Constraints on Learning in a Non-Stationary Multi-armed Bandit Task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An \nn-\narmed bandit task was used to investigate the trade-off between exploratory (choosing lesser-known options) and exploitive (choosing options with the greatest known probability of reinforcement) human choice in a trial-and-error learning problem. A different probability of reinforcement was assigned to each of eight response options using random-ratios (RRs), and participants chose by clicking buttons in a circular display on a computer screen using a computer mouse.  To differentially increase exploration, relative frequency thresholds were randomly assigned to each participant and acted as task constraints limiting the proportion of total responses that could be attributed to any response option. The potential benefit of increased exploration in non-stationary environments was investigated by changing payoff probabilities so that the leanest options became the richest or the richest options became the leanest. On the average, forcing participants to explore at moderate to high levels always resulted in their earning less reinforcement, even when the payoffs changed.  This outcome may be due to humans’ natural level of exploration in our task being sufficiently high to create sensitivity to environmental dynamics.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Exploration"},{"word":"exploitation"},{"word":"variability"},{"word":"decision making"},{"word":"Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"payoff"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xp0g0sf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Young","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kansas State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Deborah","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Racey","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-20T09:22:46-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-20T09:22:46-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T17:40:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5295/galley/3166/download/"}]},{"pk":5287,"title":"How Molecular, Molar, and Unified Analyses Change the Meaning of Behavioral Variability","subtitle":null,"abstract":"What effects reinforcement is assumed to have and what data are collected depend on what <em>behavioral variability</em> means. It has extremely different meanings in molecular, molar, and unified behavior analyses. In molecular analyses the term relates reinforcement and moment-to-moment behaving of an individual organism, as when hand shaping creates new complex paterns extended in time or as when cumulative records show complex patterns. Molecular behavioral variability is easy to see, as in these two examples, but is hard to describe quantitatively. Behavioral variability in the context of molar analyses requires first aggregating behaviors, then counting them or finding their cumulative durations, and finally quantitatively summarizing the aggregate by a statistic, usually an average rate of occurrence of, or an average time allocated to, the aggregated behaviors. The statistic can also be a measure of variabiity, like the U statistic, rather than of central tendency.  Molar behavioral variability can also be quantitatively defined as the variabiity of a statistic describing some property of an aggregate as a function of time, individuals, or, most commonly, experimental parameters. Some molar accounts interpret the aggregate statistic itself (average rate, time allocation, or variaibity) as an operant response. Quantitative theories account for over 90 percent of this kind of variability in thousands of molar analyses. Molar variability, however, seldom describes or explains molecular variability, and a common molar interpretation of free-operant behaving is that molecular behavior varies ony randomly over time with a constant probability. There is little, if any, evidence for this interpretation and a considerable literature that suggests it is incorrrect. A unified analysis combines automated shaping of molecular, quantitative patterns of behaviors, a molar aggregate of those patterns, and one or more statistics descriptive of the aggregate.  A unified analysis involves both kinds of quantitative behavioral variability: moment-to-moment variability of shaped patterns resembling target patterns, and molar variability of a statistic defined over an aggregate of such shaped patterns, such as the variability of the average rate of, or time allocated to, a shaped pattern. Only simulation theories seem sufficiently powerful to produce a general and unified theory to account for both moment-to-moment behaving and statistics that describe molar aggregates.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Molar, Molecular, Unified Behavior Analyses, Reinforcement, Behavioral Variability"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q6267jq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"Patterson","last_name":"Shimp","name_suffix":"","institution":"Other","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-02T11:44:18-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-02T11:44:18-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T17:10:57-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5287/galley/3161/download/"}]},{"pk":5300,"title":"Operant Variability and the Evolution of Volition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Volition has been debated for thousands of years:  what is it, how is it possible for biophysical beings to behave in a voluntary manner, indeed, does volition exist?  Evolution of volition has rarely been part of the discussion.  In this paper, I argue that operant-conditioning studies provide evidence for evolved volition.  Three attributes are common to operant and voluntary behaviors.  One is that responses are goal-directed, purposeful, some say rational, or controlled by reinforcing consequences.  A second is that the responses vary – from random-like to repetitive – with predictability (or unpredictability) depending upon contexts and consequences.  A third attribute is that responses appear to be self-generated or, in operant terms, emitted.  These attributes are found in many species, simple to complex, but species also differ in details.  Taken together, the evidence supports an evolutionary basis of volition.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Voluntary behavior"},{"word":"Operant behavior"},{"word":"Response Class"},{"word":"variability"},{"word":"reinforcement"},{"word":"evolution"},{"word":"Free Will"},{"word":"Comparative"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s78k28c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Neuringer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Reed College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-02-15T12:29:45-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-02-15T12:29:45-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T16:02:15-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5300/galley/3171/download/"}]},{"pk":5297,"title":"How Little We Know: Big Gaps in Psychology and Economics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A rule about the control of variability is \nreducing expectation of reward increases variation of the form of rewarded actions. \nThis is a rule about how food-getting knowledge is gathered, something we know almost nothing about. Almost all instrumental learning experiments are about how food-getting knowledge is used. Not only do we know almost nothing about how such knowledge is gathered, the question is almost never studied. Similar gaps exist in the study of human learning and economics. In human learning, how the environment controls curiosity is never studied. Likewise,  economics theories are almost entirely about how people use economically-valuable knowledge. How the environment controls creation of that knowledge is a mystery that textbooks and researchers ignore.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"psychology learning variation economics innovation stagnation foraging"}],"section":"Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n67x0st","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-26T22:51:58-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-26T22:51:58-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T15:49:23-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5297/galley/3168/download/"}]},{"pk":5308,"title":"Selections on the Empirical and Theoretical Investigations of Behavioral Variability:  An Introduction to the Special Issue","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Special Issue Introduction","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21m8h2qp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W. David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stahlman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Mary Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Aaron","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Blaisdell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-04-28T16:21:22-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-04-28T16:21:22-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-10T15:11:12-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5308/galley/3178/download/"}]},{"pk":5276,"title":"Correlates of recovery from incentive downshift: A preliminary selective breeding study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rats exposed to a downshift in the concentration of a sucrose solution from 32% to 4% exhibit a transient suppression of consummatory behavior relative to an unshifted control always exposed to 4% sucrose. One explanation of this effect, known as consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC), explains consummatory suppression as arising from an emotional state of frustration that redirects behavior away from the source of the devalued solution. A preliminary selective breeding protocol consisting of three experiments was performed. Experiment 1 reports results from 5 generations of selected breeding for either high (H) or low (L) recovery rates from cSNC. A control line of randomly (R) mated rats was included. cSNC was reduced in H rats, but L and R rats did not differ across generations. H rats also provided no evidence of behavioral activation in acquisition or increased persistence in extinction after partial reinforcement, rather than continuous reinforcement. L and R rats, by contrast, showed both of these effects. H rats were also significantly smaller in body size than R rats, but did not differ in terms of water intake, sucrose sensitivity, open-field activity, or responding to sucrose solutions before the downshift. In Experiment 2, H infants from the sixth selected generation showed increased bandwidth in vocalizations induced by mother-infant separation relative to L and R rats. Experiment 3 showed that H rats failed to show increased response to incentive downshift after treatment with the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone, as done by L and R rats. The results, if replicated, may provide support for the interpretation of a significant role of frustration in cSNC.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Incentive contrast"},{"word":"Selective breeding for recovery from contrast"},{"word":"Partial reinforcement"},{"word":"Infant vocalizations"},{"word":"Frustration"},{"word":"successive negative contrast"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t47w0rr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leonardo","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Ortega","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jacob","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Norris","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Florencia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lopez-Seal","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramos","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mauricio","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Papini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas Christian University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-12-03T15:33:11-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-12-03T15:33:11-08:00","date_published":"2014-05-06T20:21:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5276/galley/3153/download/"}]},{"pk":8245,"title":"Table of Contents May 2014","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32v4x5xv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-05T16:09:28-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-05T16:09:28-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-05T16:13:11-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8245/galley/4726/download/"}]},{"pk":8244,"title":"Masthead May 2014","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Masthead","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hz34156","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-05T16:08:38-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-05T16:08:38-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-05T16:10:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8244/galley/4725/download/"}]},{"pk":44050,"title":"Implementing the Discharge Pilot Program at UCLA","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81k0c3xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael ","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Pfeffer","name_suffix":"MD, FACP","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael ","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Lazarus","name_suffix":"MD, FACP","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-05-01T23:07:07-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44050/galley/32853/download/"}]},{"pk":1978,"title":"Multi-storied Lives: Global Simulation as an Approach to Developing Multiliteracies in an Intermediate French Course","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship has proposed a pedagogy of multiliteracies to frame FL curricula and instruction, and encourage critical reflection about language use through a variety of discourses and textual genres. One pedagogical framework conducive to fostering learners’ intersemiotic awareness is Global Simulation (GS). GS consists in the creation of a culturally grounded, fictitious scenario, wherein students adopt specific character roles through which they enact discourse styles associated with their characters’ identities and the simulation’s attendant social demands. The adoption of characters reinforces the notion of literacies based on participation in a variety of discourses from the standpoint of particular social roles. This article reports on the development and implementation of a multiliteracies-based GS in fourth semester French applying a genre-based framework. First, we provide background on GS and its compatibility with multiliteracies and genre-based approaches. Next, we outline the framework and various texts and modules used in the course under study. Finally, we demonstrate through our findings the potential for this approach to foster learners’ awareness of language and other communication modes as social signifying practice, and their abilities to draw upon multiple Available Designs in making meaning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"multiliteracies, global simulation, beliefs, FL education, French"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48q5m6vq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Michelson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Beatrice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dupuy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-13T15:07:49-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-13T15:07:49-07:00","date_published":"2014-05-01T12:51:42-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1978/galley/1311/download/"}]},{"pk":7958,"title":"Giant Hydronephrosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014; 15(4):356.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"Giant hydronephrosis"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74z0w431","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yalcin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Golcuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Murat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ozsarac","name_suffix":"","institution":"Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Emrah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eseroglu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mehmet","middle_name":"Bilgehan","last_name":"Yuksel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Celal Bayar University, Department of Urology, Manisa, Turkey","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-02T05:16:07-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-02T05:16:07-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-30T17:45:20-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7958/galley/4614/download/"}]},{"pk":7754,"title":"Novel Ultrasound Guidance System for Real-time Central  Venous Cannulation: Safety and Efficacy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Real-time ultrasound guidance is considered to be the standard of care for central venous access for non-emergent central lines. However, adoption has been slow, in part because of the technical challenges and time required to become proficient. The AxoTrack® system (Soma Access Systems, Greenville, SC) is a novel ultrasound guidance system recently cleared for human use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\nMethods: After FDA clearance, the AxoTrack® system was released to three hospitals in the United States. Physicians and nurse practitioners who work in the intensive care unit or emergency department and who place central venous catheters were trained to use the AxoTrack® system. De-identified data about central lines placed in living patients with the AxoTrack® system was prospectively gathered at each of the three hospitals for quality assurance purposes. After institutional review board approval, we consolidated the data for the first five months of use for retrospective review.\nResults: The AxoTrack® system was used by 22 different health care providers in 50 consecutive patients undergoing central venous cannulation (CVC) from September 2012 to February 2013. All patients had successful CVC with the guidance of the AxoTrack® system. All but one patient (98%) had successful cannulation on the first site attempted. There were no reported complications, including pneumothorax, hemothorax, arterial puncture or arterial cannulation.\nConclusion: The AxoTrack® system was a safe and effective means of CVC that was used by a variety of health care practitioners. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):536-540.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound, central venous access, procedures"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Procedures"},{"word":"ultrasound"}],"section":"Technology in Emergency Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28q1c3q1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robinson","middle_name":"Mark","last_name":"Ferre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mercier","name_suffix":"","institution":"Palmetto Health Baptist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia, South\nCarolina","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-04-01T17:02:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-04-01T17:02:00-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-30T17:43:09-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7754/galley/4534/download/"}]},{"pk":8008,"title":"Emergency Medicine Clerkship Directors: Current Work Force","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergency medicine clerkship director serves an important role in the education of medical students. The authors sought to update the demographic and academic profile of the emergency medicine clerkship director. Methods: We developed and implemented a comprehensive questionnaire, and used it to survey all emergency medicine clerkship directors at United States allopathic medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. We analyzed and interpreted data using descriptive statistics.Results: One hundred seven of 133 (80.4%) emergency medicine clerkship directors completed the survey. Clerkship Director’s mean age was 39.7 years (SD-7.2), they were more commonly male 68.2%, of Caucasian racial backgrounds and at the instructor or assistant professor (71.3%) level. The mean number of years of experience as clerkship director was 5.5 (SD-4.5). The mean amount of protected time for clerkship administration reported by respondents was 7.3 hours weekly (SD-5.1), with the majority (53.8%) reporting 6 or more hours of protected time per week. However, 32.7% of emergency medicine clerkship directors reported not having any protected time for clerkship administration. Most clerkship directors (91.6%) held additional teaching responsibilities beyond their clerkship and many were involved in educational research (49.5%). The majority (79.8%), reported being somewhat or very satisfied with their job as clerkship director. Conclusion: Most clerkship directors were junior faculty at the instructor or assistant professor rank and were involved with a variety of educational endeavors beyond the clerkship. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):498–403.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emergency medicine clerkship director"}],"section":"Emergency Department Administration","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06c3847s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Wald","name_suffix":"","institution":"Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sorabh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khandelwal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Manthey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Way","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Ander","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lorraine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thibodeau","name_suffix":"","institution":"Albany Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-15T06:47:35-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-15T06:47:35-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-30T17:38:01-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8008/galley/4637/download/"}]},{"pk":41608,"title":"Middle Eocene trees of the Clarno Petrified Forest,  John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the iconic fossils of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon, USA, is the Hancock Tree—a permineralized standing tree stump about 0.5 m in diameter and 2.5 m in height, embedded in a lahar of the Clarno Formation of middle Eocene age. We examined the wood anatomy of this stump, together with other permineralized woods and leaf impressions from the same stratigraphic level, to gain an understanding of the vegetation intercepted by the lahar. Wood of the Hancock Tree is characterized by narrow and numerous vessels, exclusively scalariform perforation plates, exclusively uniseriate rays, and diffuse axial parenchyma. These features and the type of vessel-ray parenchyma indicate affinities with the Hamamelidaceae, with closest similarity to the Exbucklandoideae, which is today native to Southeast and East Asia. The Hancock Tree is but one of at least 48 trees entombed in the same mudflow; 14 others have anatomy similar to the Hancock Tree; 20 have anatomy similar to \nPlatanoxylon haydenii\n (Platanaceae), two resemble \nScottoxylon eocenicum\n (probably in order Urticales). The latter two wood types occur in the nearby Clarno Nut Beds. Two others are distinct types of dicots, one with features seen in the Juglandaceae, the other of unknown affinities, and the rest are very poorly preserved and of unknown affinity. Leaf impressions in and immediately below the layer containing the trees include the extinct genera \nMacginitiea\n and \nPlatimeliphyllum\n (Platanaceae), and \nTrochodendroides\n (Saxifragales).","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Eocene, Clarno Formation, paleobotany, fossil wood, Hamamelidaceae, Platanaceae, wood anatomy"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20n1p06q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elisabeth","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Wheeler","name_suffix":"","institution":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Manchester","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-04-28T14:44:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-04-28T14:44:00-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-28T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41608/galley/31148/download/"}]},{"pk":44001,"title":"Primary Hyperaldosteronism Presenting with Severe Hypokalemia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m41x3gn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rumi ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cader","name_suffix":"MD, MPH, FACP","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Huma ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hasnain","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Aarthi ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arasu","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-26T18:09:16-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44001/galley/32805/download/"}]},{"pk":1973,"title":"Film as Source Material in Advanced Foreign Language Classes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests new ways filmic texts might be employed in advanced foreign language classes. Typically, film has been seen as source material for broadening students’ vocabulary or for developing communicative competence. This paper considers what a close reading of a filmic text might offer foreign language educators and students by exploring how three semiotic systems—language, image, and music/sound—are employed in film to create meaning. Specifically, drawing on film’s employment of language in a rich audiovisual context, we demonstrate various tasks that move beyond the denotative function of language to develop students’ understanding of the relationship between utterances and the context in which they are made, as well as foster an understanding of how language is used subtly to obfuscate, evade, or project positions of power. Finally, we demonstrate how film might be used to develop students’ potential for using their second language (L2) to create meaning in new ways. The tasks we describe here address the goals of a foreign language curriculum as articulated in the MLA Report (2007)  (developing students’ translingual and transcultural competence) and in the writings of Claire Kramsch (developing students’ symbolic competence; e.g., 2006).","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"symbolic competence, film"}],"section":"Teachers' Forum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qv811wv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaiser","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Chika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shibahara","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-11T12:22:13-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-11T12:22:13-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-25T12:52:31-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1973/galley/1307/download/"}]},{"pk":1976,"title":"\"Something for Linguists\": On-the-fly Grammar Instruction in a Dutch as Foreign Language Classroom","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article examines grammar instruction produced on the fly by a teacher in response to students' questions in a Dutch as foreign language classroom. Such sequences merit attention because they present teachers with the opportunity and the challenge to provide unplanned instruction on an aspect of grammar to which a student has shown herself to be attending. Using the tools of conversation analysis, we examine two sequences in which a student initiates talk about Dutch grammar and the teacher constructs a mini-lesson using talk, gesture and writing on the blackboard. In first, the teacher produces a paradigm, a practice used widely in linguistics and L2 education. In the second, he produces a contrastive pair, a common practice in linguistics. We consider tensions entailed in on-the-fly grammar instruction produced in response to students' questions.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"student questions, conversation analysis, Dutch, L2 grammar"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jj5z18h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leslie","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Moore","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Seo Hyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Park","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-12T09:57:12-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-12T09:57:12-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-25T12:49:37-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1976/galley/1310/download/"}]},{"pk":293,"title":"The Habit of Meeting Together: Enacting Masculinity in a Men's Bible Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In American evangelical culture, men’s Bible studies are a key site for negotiating and reproducing ideologies about ‘godly masculinity.’ Here, the ideal of an evangelical man is modeled, tried on, and held up for inspection. In their gender performances, these young men draw from three different models of masculinity, each with its own superaddressee (Bakhtin, 1981) and gender schedule (Goffman, 1977). The two more widely-used models are associated with a more hegemonic young American masculinity and with an evangelical model of masculinity— models which directly conflict with one another in terms of their prescriptions for masculinity. Through such strategies as competitive but self-deprecating narration, use of military and sexual analogies, and humor rooted in the Bible, the men are able to simultaneously draw from these two conflicting models. In their interactions, these men also creatively navigate between the two by appealing to a highly local third model of masculinity associated with their local congregation. This model, which offers semiotic resources from ‘hipster’ or ‘intellectual’ culture, resists both of the more widely-used models.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Masculinity"},{"word":"Christianity"},{"word":"Language and Gender"},{"word":"Non-Hegemonic Masculinity"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sawin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of South Carolina","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-10-08T06:53:05-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-10-08T06:53:05-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-21T09:44:49-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/293/galley/85/download/"}]},{"pk":292,"title":"The Pitfalls of Democracy and Debate: Authority and Inequality in Classrooms in Southeast Spain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the role of teachers in shaping spoken interactions in civics education classrooms in southeast Spain. The main mode of instruction in such classes is what I call \ndialogic debate\n, a genre requiring agentive exchange among classroom participants and predicated upon the notion that competitive stancetaking yields salutary orientations toward contemporary life. Class discussions were to move youth toward critically reflexive and broadly humanist stances, but the oppositional exchanges that actually took place were at odds with the peaceful dispositions that the lessons were meant to inspire. I introduce the notion of \nontological status attribution\n—a variant of stancetaking resources well documented in the linguistic anthropological literature—to show that, in their quest to socialize youth to civic ideals, teachers fomented face-threatening classroom atmospheres in which developmental and cultural differences constituted key indexes of students’ perceived democratic fitness.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Civic Education"},{"word":"Debate"},{"word":"democracy"},{"word":"Difference"},{"word":"Immigration"},{"word":"Spain"},{"word":"Stance"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Taha","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-10-01T14:32:40-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-10-01T14:32:40-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-21T09:44:33-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/292/galley/84/download/"}]},{"pk":289,"title":"Gestural Resonance: The Negotiation of Differential Form and Function in Embodied Action","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have shown that gestures may be used to organize interactive engagement, including such things as turn-taking, participation, and narrative structure (e.g., Goodwin, 1984; Haddington, 2006). More recent work has shown that gestures may also serve as a type of dialogic embodied action (Arnold, 2012), connecting and relating utterances to one another and promoting engagement among speakers. However, within the research tradition that looks at the ways in which gestures resemble each other within interactional sequences, less attention has been given to examining how gestures are not simply reproduced but are actively negotiated as a crucial part of the meaning-making process. In this article, I will examine the ways in which participants negotiate the relationship between sequences of focal and iconic gestures that are formally and/or functionally related to each other. Similar to dialogic resonance in speech (Du Bois, 2007, 2010b), gestural resonance involves the activation of affinities across utterances—and here I take an utterance to be the interactionally gestalt boundaries of both speech and bodily behavior. While much previous work has focused on the ways in which gestural resemblance can promote agreement and understanding, here I investigate the relation of gestures by analyzing the differentials between gestures—that is, the degrees to which across-turn gestures are \nand are not \nthe same. The defining feature of gestural resonance is that gestures are actively reformulated to varying degrees in order to achieve a variety of interactional functions. That is, participants are—through embodied action—actively commenting on the semantic content of a prior gesture and, where present, its accompanying talk.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Gesture"},{"word":"Resonance"},{"word":"Iconic"},{"word":"Focal"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shawn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Warner-Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Barbara","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-09-14T11:09:26-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-09-14T11:09:26-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-21T09:44:14-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/289/galley/83/download/"}]},{"pk":43959,"title":"A Case of Methanol Toxicity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63g175s0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Craig","middle_name":"","last_name":"Allred","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-20T14:15:56-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/43959/galley/32763/download/"}]},{"pk":5980,"title":"Exploring the Nuances, Ethicality and Functionality of ‘Consent’:  Prior Informed Consent as a Legal Mechanism to Protect Malaysia’s Indigenous Communities’ Rights to Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Indigenous communities worldwide face a new type of capitalist accumulation by the outside world – not only are lands and livelihoods illegitimately seized, as has been the case throughout history, but today indigenous innovations and knowledge systems are commoditized and ascribed commercial value as they present a biotechnological and pharmaceutical marketplace. Researchers, corporations, and governments seek access to and ownership over native plant resources and their associated traditional knowledge, and often do so unjustly, unlawfully, and violently. Thorough and meaningful consent processes for the utilization of such knowledge are rarely undertaken by access-seekers, and when they are, they often have many problems. Governments additionally sideline and marginalize indigenous individuals from the political process that governs these resources. Methodologically, this study utilizes scholarly research to analyze current formal and informal frameworks used to protect such traditional knowledge systems, posing a comparative analysis of the international, national, and grass roots frameworks. It focuses largely on the legal concept of ‘Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC),’ its historical foundations, ethical boundaries, nuances, and the potential functionality of a mandatory FPIC policy governing indigenous biodiversity matters within Malaysian national law. The research concludes by detailing visits to and interviews with four indigenous communities in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak and in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, sharing locals’ concerns, hopes, and methods for knowledge protection, and recommendations for indispensable legislative action to be taken by both the state and federal governments of Malaysia and other biodiversity-rich countries.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge, Consent, Free Prior Informed Consent"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hx9p158","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kaya","middle_name":"Marie","last_name":"Allan Sugerman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T23:50:48-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T23:50:48-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5980/galley/3645/download/"}]},{"pk":5957,"title":"Getting Our Feet Wet: Water Management at Mt. Laguna in Cleveland National Forest","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Integrated regional water management (IRWM) helps us to comprehend the ecological, political, and economic complexities of broad watershed regions in California. In this case study, stakeholder theory served as the framework for an assessment of water management at Mt. Laguna, CA, a rural community on the outskirts of San Diego, CA. After identifying stakeholders, I conducted interviews and surveys to gauge perspectives on water management at Mt. Laguna and to develop categories speaking to the major concerns. In addition, I used a document review to help understand the policy framework surrounding water management in this community. I created four categories: water scarcity and access, fire protection, environmental protection and recreation, and costs of infrastructure and water quality testing. A complex, fractured aquifer system led to disagreements about water scarcity in the region, which combined with rule of capture water law to illustrate how unbridled water extraction could lead to stresses and conflict. I identified fire protection as a top priority, demanding extensive water resources in the wake of the Cedar Fire of 2003. The U.S. Forest Service continues to balance conservation and recreational goals through environmental impact assessments. Finally, costs of infrastructure and water quality testing produced great strain on rural communities, particularly those less affluent than Mt. Laguna. To mitigate these conflicts, it is important that stakeholders develop an understanding of each other’s priorities and the ecological realities of the surrounding region, and participate in collaborative management. Low Impact Development measures to conserve water could also help alleviate conflicts.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"Groundwater, stakeholder theory, Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM), water scarcity, fire management"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p04c1mj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"Cade","last_name":"Mumby","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-22T21:56:54-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-22T21:56:54-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5957/galley/3640/download/"}]},{"pk":5977,"title":"Inmate-to-Inmate: Socialization, Relationships, and Community Among Incarcerated Men","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prison's walls keep prisoners in, but in many ways, they simultaneously keep the public out. Although researchers have studied and investigated different aspects of prisons, an area with particularly little notice has been the interactions between and amongst incarcerated men. With all of the concerted efforts and discussions attempting to create more stable inmate communities, the importance of understanding the social relationships is critical and significant for policy makers and the general public. I focus on California's male prison institutions where, due to sentencing procedures and isolated geographical locations of prisons, men are often sent to prisons far from hometowns, making it particularly difficult for friends and family to visit. Given the difficulty accessing home community relationships, inmate-to-inmate relations often form the basis of social interaction during an individual's sentence, and the inmate community forms a significant aspect of the prison experience.\n \nIn attempting to understand the social environment of inmates, the previous discourse has highlighted and emphasized negative occurrences to explain the community and the interactions of its members in its entirety. The mystery of this community by lack of research, combined with hyped news and misconstrued popular media portrayals, has led to suppositions and theories about the relational dynamics amongst incarcerated men that remain simplistic and shallow. In particular, accounts of gang organization and rapes in prison have received exceptional attention. While striking and noteworthy, these types of incidences have overpowered the literature on inmate-to-inmate relationships.\n \nIn this thesis, social relations between incarcerated men are given context by recognizing effects of both the institutional structural setting and informal social organization, including oft left-out positive inmate interactions of non-violent, non-criminal relations. By examining inmate-to-inmate relationships from the incarcerated men's perspectives, utilizing documented verification, and placing violent actions into the institutional framework, understandings of inmate-to-inmate relationships are further developed for a truer comprehension of the community, and ultimately of the incarcerated individuals.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6469m059","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chong","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T23:04:58-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T23:04:58-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5977/galley/3644/download/"}]},{"pk":5937,"title":"Reducing Suggestibility in Preschool Children through Developing Intuitions of Free Will","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The current study investigated preschool-aged children’s understanding of their own free will capacities to choose whether to believe or not believe information from an informant. Specifically, we investigated the potential relationship between children’s intuition of their own free will, and their ability to produce accurate testimony in light of a suggestive interviewer. Forty-eight 3- to 5-year-old children participated in the study with two tasks. In the first task, children listened to a scenario, and said whether they had to believe what they were told, or if they could choose to believe that something else might be true. The second task was adapted from the Giles and Gopnik (2002) procedure. The children watched a video followed by suggestive questions regarding what they had just watched. Children’s understanding of choice in regard to belief was highly correlated with their ability to resist suggestion. The results indicated that preschool-aged children are developing an understanding of free will in respect to how they conceptualize belief\n. \nFurthermore, children with a more developed conception of their own free will capacities are able to produce more accurate eyewitness testimony, and resist the suggestive nature of biased interviewers.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"child development, free will, testimony, suggestibility, theory of mind"},{"word":"psychology"},{"word":"Law"},{"word":"developmental psychology"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z3622n2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gabriella","middle_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Libin","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-05-12T17:01:47-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-05-12T17:01:47-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5937/galley/3638/download/"}]},{"pk":5972,"title":"Seems a Fate in It: Misdirection and Foreshadowing in Bleak House and A Pair of Blue Eyes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Foreshadowing in a novel would seem to imply that that novel takes place in a world of fate, but Charles Dickens’s \nBleak House \nand Thomas Hardy’s \nA Pair of Blue Eyes \ncomplicate this assumption. Instead of directly arguing against a world of fate, however, their foreshadowing techniques present fate as a subjective experience, most likely shared by people who have been trained to read their own lives novelistically. While Dickens’s novel shows readers a meaningful world in which all secret plot information will be revealed eventually, Hardy’s novel stresses readers’ inability to know the whole story and teases them with withheld information all the way to its end. \nIn this thesis, I attempt to explore foreshadowing in especially cryptic passages of \nBleak House\n and \nA Pair of Blue Eyes\n.  In \nBleak House\n, I focus on the foreshadowing in the scenes leading up to Krook and Tulkinghorn’s deaths.  In \nA Pair of Blue Eyes\n, my focus is less chapter-centric, although I spend considerable time examining Henry Knight’s near-death experience on the Cliff Without a Name.  Much of the critical framework for my close readings comes from Peter Brook’s \nReading for the Plot\n and Michael André Bernstein’s \nForegone Conclusions\n.  While \nReading for the Plot\n supplements my commentary on repetition’s relation to resolution in a plot, \nForegone Conclusions\n gives me the vocabulary to discuss different types of foreshadowing and their effects.\n \nAlthough these critics, and others, inform my work, I add my own perspective on the features of foreshadowing, by looking at how readers’ experiences of foreshadowing change when they re-read a text.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"Foreshadowing, Bleak House, A Pair of Blue Eyes, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h66z8ct","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Meredith","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bradfield","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T19:00:11-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T19:00:11-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5972/galley/3642/download/"}]},{"pk":5943,"title":"Sensational and Sensual: Monstrous Birth Broadsides and Female Readership","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This research paper addresses the rapid rise of monstrous birth literature in Renaissance England and its intended influence on females. Strangely, immersing the public in printed ephemeral depictions of deformed children conflicts with contemporary philosophies about women reading. At a time when women were believed to physically absorb what they read, this literature risked infecting the minds of female readers with monstrous images that could manifest themselves in the women's bodies. This study seeks to explain this paradox by investigating the historical, iconographical, and religious influences of these monstrous birth broadsides and pamphlets.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"Monstrous Births"},{"word":"Renaissance England"},{"word":"Gender and Women's Studies"},{"word":"print culture"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37w6k479","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paige","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Walker","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-25T00:49:32-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-25T00:49:32-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5943/galley/3639/download/"}]},{"pk":5963,"title":"Staging Queer Temporalities: A Look at Miss Gay Western Cape","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Miss Gay Western Cape is a beauty pageant that takes place once a year in Cape Town. Though the event began during apartheid, it is only recently that it has gained visibility and emerged as the largest (recognized) gay pageant in South Africa. This project considers the ways in which different queer communities in Cape Town strive to be seen in spaces that remain governed by the logics of racialized segregation. As evidenced with this event, queer communities in Cape Town bare the wounds of the colonial and apartheid mechanism of informing and controlling groups on the basis of race. “Queer” as a politics, aesthetic, and movement takes many shapes within different contemporary contexts and serves as a necessary axis of conflict in relation to the imported, Westernized gay rights discourse. By representing an imagined world—a haven for oppressed, queer individuals to bear tiaras and six-inch heels to freely express their sexualities through feminized gender identities—the pageant becomes a space in which queer practices supersede dominant gay rights discourse. It articulates an untold history through performance.  I thus understand the pageant as both an archive and an act of resistance, in which participants enact a fragmented freedom and declare their existence in the supposed rainbow nation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"queer theory"},{"word":"Post-Apartheid South Africa"},{"word":"archive"},{"word":"Gay Rights"},{"word":"Pageant"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vx702hw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Olivia","middle_name":"Fairbanks","last_name":"Bronson","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-23T23:13:28-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-23T23:13:28-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5963/galley/3641/download/"}]},{"pk":5976,"title":"Über Alles? Bavarian Particularism and German Integration during the Limbo Years","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the fundamental challenges the 28 member-states of the European Union face today is a dichotomy between state-level and European priorities.\nThe Kingdom of Bavaria faced a similar situation between 1866 and 1871, as the state gradually ceded sovereignty to Prussia in the process of German unification.\n \nThis essay seeks to illuminate how the members of the Bavarian state legislature responded to Prussian efforts of national integration.\n \nDocuments examined include parliamentary records of the Upper and Lower Chambers of the Bavarian legislature, a pamphlet published by the Bavarian branch of the Progress Party (\nFortschrittspartei\n), and the state’s court reference books. Legislative records of the 1867 Treaty Regarding the Continuance of the Customs and Trade Union with Prussia as well as of the 1870 Treaty between the North German Confederation and Bavaria regarding the Founding of a German Federation are also discussed.\n \nThis paper’s proposed conclusion is that in the process of German unification, Prussia’s imposed unity further exacerbated traditional divisions in the Bavarian legislature. Split between a National Liberal fraction eager to join a unified Lesser Germany, and a federally, if not democratically, minded Conservative wing that would in 1869 organize the Patriot Party, Bavarians were far from forming a united front vis-à-vis an expansionist Prussia.\n \nOf course this conclusion is very much specific to late 19th century Bavarian politics. However, it does suggest that sustainable (supra)national integration ought to be instigated from the bottom up; spearheaded by, and tailored to the needs of EU member-states.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"Germany"},{"word":"Bavaria"},{"word":"sovereignty"},{"word":"National Liberalism"},{"word":"Progress Party"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qn3w2mg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elena","middle_name":"Vanessa Caroline","last_name":"Kempf","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T23:36:41-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T23:36:41-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5976/galley/3643/download/"}]},{"pk":44040,"title":"Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in End of Life Care","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41q799wp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maristela ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Garcia","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Jonathan ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wanagat","name_suffix":"MD, PhD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-16T22:39:45-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44040/galley/32843/download/"}]},{"pk":7997,"title":"Adherence to Head Computed Tomography Guidelines in the  Setting of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health concern. While 70-90% of TBI cases are considered mild, decision-making regarding imaging can be difficult. This survey aimed to assess whether clinicians’ decision-making was consistent with the most recent American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) clinical recommendations regarding indications for a non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) in patients with mild TBI.\nMethods: We surveyed 2 academic emergency medicine departments. Six realistic clinical vignettes were created. The survey software randomly varied 2 factors: age (30, 59, or 61 years old) and presence or absence of visible trauma above the clavicles. A single important question was asked: “Would you perform a non-contrast head CT on this patient?”\nResults: Physician decision-making was consistent with the guidelines in only 62.8% of total vignettes. By age group (30, 59, and 61), decision-making was consistent with the guidelines in 66.7%, 47.4%, and 72.7% of cases, respectively. This was a statistically-significant difference when comparing the 59- and 61-year-old age groups. In the setting of presence/absence of trauma above the clavicles, respondents were consistent with the guidelines in 57.1% of cases. Decision-making consistent with the guidelines was significantly better in the absence of trauma above the clavicles.\nConclusion: Respondents poorly differentiated the “older” patients from one another, suggesting that respondents either inappropriately apply the guidelines or are unaware of the recommendations in this setting. No particular cause for inconsistency could be determined, and respondents similarly under-scanned and over-scanned in incorrect vignettes. Improved dissemination of the ACEP clinical policy and recommendations is a potential solution to this problem. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):459-464.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"TBI, CT, adherence, clinical policy, guidelines"}],"section":"Emergency Department Operations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1630q5bn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Landon","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Morley","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Grant","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Wojcik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Paolo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-03T17:45:39-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-03T17:45:39-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-16T14:01:47-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7997/galley/4632/download/"}]},{"pk":7973,"title":"Wordsmithing in Medical Toxicology: A Primer on Portmanteaus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med.2014;15(4):558–560.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Medical Humanities"}],"section":"Wit in Emergency Medicine","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qn3x51f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Meehan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Chicago, Illinois;\nJesse Brown VA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-09T13:38:46-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-09T13:38:46-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-16T13:56:22-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7973/galley/4621/download/"}]},{"pk":7959,"title":"A Case of Rivaroxaban Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rivaroxaban is a newer anticoagulant initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban has several characteristics that are more favorable than warfarin. One of the characteristics is decreased risk of hemorrhage. We report one of the first case reports of severe intracranial hemorrhage associated with rivaroxaban in an elderly patient with decreased renal function. We aim to alert emergency medicine providers regarding the likelihood of encountering these patient as newer anticoagulants rise in popularity. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):375-377.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Rivaroxaban, intracranial hemorrhage"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d54f924","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"CY","last_name":"Lo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Roy","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Gerona","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-30T15:59:53-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-30T15:59:53-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-16T13:51:45-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7959/galley/4615/download/"}]},{"pk":8037,"title":"Expansion of U.S. Emergency Medical Service  Routing for Stroke Care: 2000-2010","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Organized stroke systems of care include preferential emergency medical services (EMS) routing to deliver suspected stroke patients to designated hospitals. To characterize the growth and implementation of EMS routing of stroke nationwide, we describe the proportion of stroke hospitalizations in the United States (U.S.) occurring within regions having adopted these protocols.\nMethods: We collected data on ischemic stroke using International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) coding from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from the years 2000-2010. The NIS contains all discharge data from 1,051 hospitals located in 45 states, approximating a 20% stratified sample. We obtained data on EMS systems of care from a review of archives, reports, and interviews with state emergency medical services (EMS)  officials. A county or state was considered to be in transition if the protocol was adopted in the calendar year, with establishment in the year following transition.\nResults: Nationwide, stroke hospitalizations remained constant over the course of the study period: 583,000 in 2000 and 573,000 in 2010. From 2000-2003 there were no states or counties participating in the NIS with EMS systems of care. The proportion of U.S. stroke hospitalizations occurring in jurisdictions with established EMS regional systems of acute stroke care increased steadily from 2004 to 2010 (1%, 13%, 28%, 30%, 30%, 34%, 49%). In 2010, 278,538 stroke hospitalizations, 49% of all U.S. stroke hospitalizations, occurred in areas with established EMS routing, with an additional 18,979 (3%) patients in regions undergoing a transition to EMS routing.\nConclusion: In 2010, a majority of stroke patients in the U.S. were hospitalized in states with established or transitioning to organized stroke systems of care. This milestone coverage of half the U.S. population is a major advance in systematic stroke care and emphasizes the need for novel approaches to further extend access to stroke center care to all patients. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):499–503.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medical Services, stroke, hospitalization"}],"section":"Prehospital Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9756d0rj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Natalie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hanks","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ge","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shuhan","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Song","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rush University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Saver","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Roxanna Todd Hodges Comprehensive Stroke Clinic, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"May","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim-Tenser","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Roxanna Todd Hodges Comprehensive Stroke Clinic, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mack","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Roxanna Todd Hodges Comprehensive Stroke Clinic, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nerses","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sanossian","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Roxanna Todd Hodges Comprehensive Stroke Clinic, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-14T22:43:37-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-14T22:43:37-08:00","date_published":"2014-04-16T13:34:45-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8037/galley/4645/download/"}]},{"pk":7951,"title":"Pediatric Patient with a Rash","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A 2 year old fully immunized male with no personal history of chicken pox presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of a rash for one week after returning from a hiking trip in a remote island in Canada. After initially being diagnosed with contact dermatitis, a diagnosis of herpes zoster was made by confirmatory viral polymerase chain reaction testing. The purpose of this case report is to examine the literature for the incidence and etiology of shingles in children without a prior history of a primary varicella rash outbreak. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):372-374.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"rash"},{"word":"shingles"},{"word":"Children"},{"word":"Immunizations"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89j9z1bj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jared","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sutton","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Walsh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jillian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Franklin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-22T17:13:06-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-22T17:13:06-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-16T13:19:55-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7951/galley/4610/download/"}]},{"pk":44058,"title":"Protein-losing Enteropathy and Ascites Associated with Clostridium difficile Infection in a Peripartum Woman","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pv5x2mk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christie ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Masters","name_suffix":"MD. MBA. MHA","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Spencer ","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Adams","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-15T23:35:10-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44058/galley/32861/download/"}]},{"pk":7853,"title":"Assessment of the Acute Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department: Legal Cases and Caveats","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(3):312–317.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emergency"},{"word":"Acute Psychiatric Assessment"},{"word":"Legal Cases"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Psychiatry"},{"word":"Legal"}],"section":"Ethical and Legal Issues","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dt2h0zp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Good","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Walsh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Geoffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alexander","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moore","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-05-28T13:45:01-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-05-28T13:45:01-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-14T18:06:31-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7853/galley/4571/download/"}]},{"pk":7728,"title":"Does Prolonged Length of Stay in the Emergency Department Affect Outcome for Stroke Patients?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Conflicting data exist regarding the association between the length of stay (LOS) of critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED) and their subsequent outcome. However, such patients are an overall heterogeneous group, and we therefore sought to study the association between EDLOS and outcomes in a specific subgroup of critically ill patients, namely those with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (AIS/TIA).\nMethods: This was a retrospective review of adult patients with a discharge diagnosis of AIS/TIA presenting to an ED between July 2009 and February 2010. We collected demographics, EDLOS, arrival stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale - NIHSS), intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) use, functional outcome at discharge, discharge destination and hospital-LOS. We analyzed relationship between EDLOS, outcomes and discharge destination aftercontrolling for confounders.\nResults: 190 patients were included in the cohort. Median EDLOS was 332 minutes (Inter-Quartile Range -IQR: 250.3–557.8). There was a significant inverse linear association between EDLOS and hospital-LOS (p¼0.049). Patients who received IV tPA had a shorter median EDLOS (238 minutes, IQR: 194–299) than patients who did not (median: 387 minutes, IQR: 285–588 minutes; p,0.0001). There was no significant association between EDLOS and poor outcome (p¼0.40), discharge destination (p¼0.20), or death (p¼0.44). This remained true even after controlling for IV tPA use, NIHSS and hospital-LOS; and did not change even when analysis was restricted to AIS patients alone.\nConclusion: There was no significant association between prolonged EDLOS and outcome for AIS/ TIA patients at our institution. We therefore suggest that EDLOS alone is an insufficient indicator of stroke care in the ED, and that the ED can provide appropriate acute care for AIS/TIA patients. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(3):267–275.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Length of Stay"},{"word":"stroke"},{"word":"Outcome"},{"word":"Mortality"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Emergency Department Operations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0116124j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Minal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jain","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dushyant","middle_name":"","last_name":"Damania","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anunaya","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Jain","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Abhijit","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Kanthala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Latha","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Stead","name_suffix":"","institution":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurological Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Babak","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Jahromi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-02-18T10:30:58-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-02-18T10:30:58-08:00","date_published":"2014-04-14T18:05:43-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7728/galley/4524/download/"}]},{"pk":7950,"title":"Informed Consent Documentation for Lumbar Puncture in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Informed consent is a required process for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED), though it is not clear how often or adequately it is obtained by emergency physicians.Incomplete performance and documentation of informed consent can lead to patient complaints,medico-legal risk, and inadequate education for the patient/guardian about the procedure. Weundertook this study to quantify the incidence of informed consent documentation in the ED setting forlumbar puncture (LP) and to compare rates between pediatric (,18 years) and adult patients.\nMethods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the ED electronic health records (EHR) for allpatients who underwent successful LPs in 3 EDs between April 2010 and June 2012. Specific elementsof informed consent documentation were reviewed. These elements included the presence of generalED and LP-specific consent forms, signatures of patient/guardian, witness, and physician,documentation of purpose, risks, benefits, alternatives, and explanation of the LP. We also reviewedthe use of educational material about the LP and LP-specific discharge information.\nResults: Our cohort included 937 patients; 179 (19.1%) were pediatric. A signed general ED consent form was present in the EHR for 809 (86%) patients. A consent form for the LP was present for 524 (56%) patients, with signatures from 519 (99%) patients/guardians, 327 (62%) witnesses, and 349 (67%) physicians. Documentation rates in the EHR were as follows: purpose (698; 74%), risks (742; 79%), benefits (605; 65%), alternatives (635; 68%), and explanation for the LP (57; 6%). Educational material about the LP was not documented as having been given to any of the patients and LP-specific discharge information was documented as given to 21 (2%) patients. No significant differences were observed in the documentation of informed consent elements between pediatric and adult patients.\nConclusion: General ED consent was obtained in the vast majority of patients, but use of a specific LP consent form and documentation of the elements of informed consent for LP in the ED were suboptimal, though comparable between pediatric and adult patients. There is significant opportunity for improvement in many aspects of documenting informed consent for LP in the ED. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(3):318–324.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"informed consent documentation"},{"word":"lumbar puncture"},{"word":"patient education"}],"section":"Ethical and Legal Issues","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c76w311","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pankaj","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, Sacramento and Roseville, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hannah","middle_name":"Elise","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, Sacramento and Roseville, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lisa","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Keenly","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, Sacramento and Roseville, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Vinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, Sacramento and Roseville, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-22T14:37:15-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-22T14:37:15-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-08T16:26:29-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7950/galley/4609/download/"}]},{"pk":44063,"title":"Pustular Psoriasis Masquerading as Chronic Onychomycosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30d0p7ph","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elisabeth ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clayton","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Vanessa ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Holland","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Aparche ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Melinda ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Braskett","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-07T23:51:04-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44063/galley/32866/download/"}]},{"pk":44060,"title":"Psoriasis: An update for the Internist","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b9289fm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Young ","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Choi","name_suffix":"B.S.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"C. ","last_name":"Levins","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-04-04T23:39:52-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44060/galley/32863/download/"}]},{"pk":7979,"title":"Effect of Prior Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Knowledge on Compression Performance by Hospital Providers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge of hospital providers and whether knowledge affects performance of effective compressions during a simulated cardiac arrest.\nMethods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the CPR knowledge and performance of medical students and ED personnel with current CPR certification. We collected data regarding compression rate, hand placement, depth, and recoil via a questionnaire to determine knowledge, and then we assessed performance using 60 seconds of compressions on a simulation mannequin.\nResults: Data from 200 enrollments were analyzed by evaluators blinded to subject knowledge. Regarding knowledge, 94% of participants correctly identified parameters for rate, 58% for hand placement, 74% for depth, and 94% for recoil. Participants identifying an effective rate of  ≥100 performed compressions at a significantly higher rate than participants identifying &lt;100 (µ=117 vs. 94, p&lt;0.001). Participants identifying correct hand placement performed significantly more compressions adherent to guidelines than those identifying incorrect placement (µ=86% vs. 72%, p&lt;0.01). No significant differences were found in depth or recoil performance based on knowledge of guidelines.\nConclusion: Knowledge of guidelines was variable; however, CPR knowledge significantly impacted certain aspects of performance, namely rate and hand placement, whereas depth and recoil were not affected. Depth of compressions was poor regardless of prior knowledge, and knowledge did not correlate with recoil performance. Overall performance was suboptimal and additional training may be needed to ensure consistent, effective performance and therefore better outcomes after cardiopulmonary arrest. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):404-408.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"cardiopulmonary resuscitation"},{"word":"cardiac arrest"},{"word":"In-Hospital, Training, Simulation"}],"section":"Education","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4m6cx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"N","last_name":"Burkhardt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Glick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Terndrup","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-15T01:45:35-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-15T01:45:35-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-04T15:36:27-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7979/galley/4624/download/"}]},{"pk":8074,"title":"Man with Abdominal Distension","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):354–355.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"pseudo-obstruction"},{"word":"Ogilvie's"},{"word":"distension"},{"word":"Abdomen"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/072277kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Caleb","middle_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Canders","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gezman","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Abdullahi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Sylmar, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jorge","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Diaz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sylmar, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hui","name_suffix":"","institution":"Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sylmar, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-12-20T15:09:03-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-12-20T15:09:03-08:00","date_published":"2014-04-04T14:47:08-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8074/galley/4663/download/"}]},{"pk":8010,"title":"Asystolic Cardiac Arrest from Near Drowning Managed with Therapeutic Hypothermia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):369–371.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bg3r8f4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"Michael","last_name":"Aronovich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami Beach, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","middle_name":"Lynne","last_name":"Ritchie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami Beach, Florida","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Mesuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami Beach, Florida","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-17T09:44:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-17T09:44:00-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-04T14:44:14-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8010/galley/4638/download/"}]},{"pk":8042,"title":"Man with Altered Mentation after Trauma","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):352–353.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"iatrogenic"},{"word":"Air embolism"},{"word":"altered mental status"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b4375qb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Landon","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Cox South Emergency and Trauma Center, Springfield, Missouri","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Sarsfield","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-18T09:16:57-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-18T09:16:57-08:00","date_published":"2014-04-04T14:43:08-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8042/galley/4649/download/"}]},{"pk":7893,"title":"Characteristics of United States Emergency Departments that Routinely Perform Alcohol Risk Screening and Counseling for Patients Presenting with Drinking–related Complaints","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Emergency department (ED) screening and counseling for alcohol misuse have been shown to reduce at-risk drinking. However, barriers to more widespread adoption of this service remain unclear.\nMethods: We performed a secondary analysis of a nationwide survey of 277 EDs to determine the proportion of EDs that routinely perform alcohol screening and counseling among patients presenting with alcohol-related complaints and to identify potential institutional barriers and facilitators to routine screening and counseling. The survey was randomly mailed to 350 EDs sampled from the 2007 National Emergency Department Inventory (NEDI), with 80% of ED medical directors responding after receiving the mailing or follow-up fax/email. The survey asked about a variety of preventive services and ED directors’ opinions regarding perceived barriers to offering preventive services in their EDs.\nResults: Overall, only 27% of all EDs and 22% of Level I/II trauma center EDs reported routinely screening and counseling patients presenting with drinking-related complaints. Rates of routine screening and counseling were similar across geographic areas, crowding status, and urban-rural status. EDs that performed routine screening and counseling often offered other preventive services, such as tobacco cessation (P&lt;0.01) and primary care linkage (P=0.01). EDs with directors who expressed concern about increased financial costs to the ED, inadequate follow-up, and diversion of nurse/physician time all had lower rates of screening and counseling and also more frequently reported lacking the perceived capacity to perform routine counseling and screening. Among EDs that did not routinely perform alcohol screening and counseling, more crowded than non-crowded (P&lt;0.01) and more metro than rural (P&lt;0.01) EDs reported lacking the capacity to perform routine screening and counseling. The capacity to perform routine screening also decreased as ED visit volume increased (P=0.04).\nConclusion: To increase routine alcohol screening and counseling for patients presenting with alcohol-related complaints, ED directors’ perceived barriers related to an ED’s capacity to perform screening, such as limited financial and staff resources, should be addressed, as should directors’ concerns regarding the implementation of preventive health services in EDs. Uniform reimbursement methods should be used to increase ED compensation for performing this important and effective service. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):438-445.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"alcohol screening"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"preventive services"},{"word":"Medicine"},{"word":"Public health"}],"section":"Emergency Department Operations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98v221nz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Yokell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carlos","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Camargo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"N. Ewen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M. Kit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Delgado","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-06-30T17:36:36-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-06-30T17:36:36-07:00","date_published":"2014-04-04T13:47:45-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7893/galley/4585/download/"}]},{"pk":44033,"title":"A Case of Disseminated Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Complicating Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k83q9wq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Rebecca ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chester","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Maureen ","middle_name":"","last_name":"McMahon ","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Antonio ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pessegueiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-28T22:17:46-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44033/galley/32836/download/"}]},{"pk":44039,"title":"Autoimmune Pancreatitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5264r6v9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jennifer ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Logan","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-26T22:37:22-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44039/galley/32842/download/"}]},{"pk":4783,"title":"Saddle-Billed Stork (Ba-Bird)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The ba, whose notion spanned from the divine to the manifestation of the divine, and from the supernatural (or rather super-human) manifestation of the dead to the notion of the soul (psyche) or reputation, counts among the most important Egyptian religious concepts. The term and its hieroglyphic renderings are attested for all periods of ancient Egyptian history. In the process of time the word ba was written with various signs, including that of a stork (G 29), a ram (E 10), and a human-headed falcon (G 53). Its representation with sign G 29—the saddle-billed stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis)—is both the earliest and the most attested depiction connected to the religious concept of the ba. Thus it serves as a crucial witness to the original meaning and main aspect of the ba.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"bird"},{"word":"Religion"},{"word":"soul"},{"word":"hieroglyph"}],"section":"Natural Environment","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r77f2f8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jíří","middle_name":"","last_name":"Janák","name_suffix":"","institution":"Czech Institute of Egyptology, Charles University in Prague","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-03-29T13:47:51-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-03-29T13:47:51-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-26T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4783/galley/2689/download/"},{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4783/galley/2690/download/"}]},{"pk":44062,"title":"Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma in a Veteran with Latent Tuberculosis and Agent Orange Exposure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16s2q6mz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dell Pena","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Jaime","middle_name":"","last_name":"Betancourt","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Scott ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oh","name_suffix":"DO ","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lewis","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-24T23:47:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44062/galley/32865/download/"}]},{"pk":60871,"title":"A Failure to Consider: Why Lawmakers Create Risk by Ignoring International Trade Obligations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Congress frequently passes laws facially unrelated to trade that significantly impact U.S. trade relations. These impacts are often harmful, significant, and long-lasting. Despite this fact, these bills rarely receive adequate consideration regarding how they will impact trade. Without this consideration, Congress cannot properly conduct the benefit-cost analysis necessary to pass effective laws. Failure to consider a law’s unintended consequences almost guarantees poor outcomes. To remedy this problem, the U.S. Congress committee structure could be amended so that laws that impact trade are considered appropriately. However, the domestic focus of Congressional politics leaves the Legislature in a poor position to enforce stable trade policy. Thus, a Presidential Executive Order requiring agencies to consider the trade implications of rules is ultimately necessary.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65s0762x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Kocan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-21T09:04:42-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-21T09:04:42-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-21T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60871/galley/46833/download/"}]},{"pk":60872,"title":"Can Islam and \"Islamization\" Be a Force for Refugee Rights in Malaysia?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Malaysia has ratified neither the 1951 Refugee Convention nor the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Accordingly, refugees in Malaysia are not accorded legal status and, like other irregular migrants, face arrest, detention, and basic human rights violations on a daily basis. This Article argues that invoking the importance of asylum in Islam (Malaysia’s “official religion” according to the Federal Constitution) will provoke moral sensibilities and inspire legal reform of Malaysia’s refugee rights protection framework, given the aggrandized role of Islam in Malaysian politics and public law, which now extends beyond the syariah (Islamic law) jurisdiction. This Article then considers whether the court is the most appropriate forum for such advocacy: it proposes a constitutional litigation strategy, analyzes Malaysia’s constitutional jurisprudence, and examines the larger implications of this litigation strategy in Malaysian society, especially regarding the religious freedom of Muslims who seek to renounce their Islamic faith. More broadly, this Malaysian case study supports a religious, rather than a secular model of human rights, and demonstrates why and when religion can be a force for, rather than an obstacle to, human rights. It also challenges the Vienna Declaration’s claims that human rights are inalienable, universal, indivisible and inter-related.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4410t14b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Seet","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-21T09:07:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-21T09:07:00-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-21T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60872/galley/46834/download/"}]},{"pk":60873,"title":"Front Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No Abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j95p3rh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pacific Basin Law Journal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Editors","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-21T09:09:16-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-21T09:09:16-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-21T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60873/galley/46835/download/"}]},{"pk":60870,"title":"Going Barefoot in the Middle Kingdom: A Preliminary Study of the Strategic Choices of Non-Licensed \nWeiquan\n Lawyers in Modern China","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the phenomenon of unlicensed, “barefoot” weiquan lawyers in China. Although these unorthodox lawyers play an integral role in the protection of rights in China’s legal system today, surprisingly little academic literature has been devoted to their study, and knowledge of what they are like and how they operate is limited. In light of this, eleven unlicensed weiquan lawyers from various parts of mainland China were selected for in-depth interviews. I discovered that despite the separation of the interviewees from the state, they were no more aggressive or radical than their licensed counterparts. Although they often employed extra-judicial methods in addition to legal methods, the interviewees emphasized the need to stay within the framework of the law. In addition, contrary to the expectation that unlicensed weiquan lawyers are comparatively lacking in legal competence, several interviewees often employed sophisticated and technical legal arguments when advocating in court. Based on these observations, this article concludes with preliminary comments on the role of barefoot weiquan lawyers in China’s legal system and future developments for the profession.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9289078g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tin Muk Daisy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheung","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-21T09:02:33-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-21T09:02:33-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-21T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60870/galley/46832/download/"}]},{"pk":62625,"title":"Agricultural Losses from Salinity in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sea level rise, large-scale flooding, and new conveyance arrangements for water exports may increase future water salinity for local agricultural production in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Increasing salinity in crop root zones often decreases crop yields and crop revenues. Salinity effects are nonlinear, and vary with crop choice and other factors including drainage and residence time of irrigation water. Here, we explore changes in agricultural production in the Delta under various combinations of water management, large-scale flooding, and future sea level rise. Water management alternatives include through-Delta water exports (current conditions), dual conveyance (through-Delta and a 6,700 Mm3 yr‑1 [or 7500 cfs] capacity peripheral canal or tunnel) and the flooding of five western islands with and without peripheral exports. We employ results from previous hydrodynamic simulations of likely changes in salinity for irrigation water at points in the Delta. We connect these irrigation water salinity values into a detailed agro-economic model of Delta agriculture to estimate local crop yield and farm revenue losses. Previous hydrodynamic modeling work shows that sea level rise is likely to increase salinity from 4% to 130% in this century, depending on the increase in sea level and location. Changes in water management under dual conveyance increase salinity mostly in the western Delta, and to a lesser extent in the north, where current salinity levels are now quite low. Because locations likely to experience the largest salinity increases already have a lower-value crop mix, the worst-case losses are less than 1% of total Delta crop revenues. This result also holds for salinity increases from permanent flooding of western islands that serve as a salinity barrier. Our results suggest that salinity increases could have much smaller economic effects on Delta farming than other likely changes in the Delta such as retirement of agricultural lands after large-scale flooding and habitat development. Integrating hydrodynamic, water salinity, and economic models can provide insights into controversial management issues.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta"},{"word":"Salinity"},{"word":"Positive Mathematical Programming"},{"word":"Calibration"},{"word":"California"},{"word":"Hydro-Economic Models"},{"word":"Agricultural Production"},{"word":"Drought Analysis"},{"word":"Economic Impacts"},{"word":"Economics, Engineering, Agronomy"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b7295m9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Josué","middle_name":"","last_name":"Medellín-Azuara","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Howitt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Ellen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hanak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Public Policy Institute of California","department":""},{"first_name":"Jay","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Lund","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fleenor","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2012-11-26T14:05:05-08:00","date_accepted":"2012-11-26T14:05:05-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-20T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62625/galley/48346/download/"}]},{"pk":62637,"title":"Genetic Considerations for Sourcing Steelhead Reintroductions: Investigating Possibilities for the San Joaquin River","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Steelhead trout (\nOncorhynchus mykiss\n) historically occurred in all major watersheds along the west coast of the United States. They can be a vital part of a healthy riverine ecosystem, are highly valued for fishing, and have been greatly affected by human activities. Given these traits, and that the San Joaquin River in the Central Valley of California is under consideration for steelhead reintroduction, emphasis has recently been placed on conservation efforts to reintroduce steelhead into streams in which they were once native. There are many issues to consider when deciding how, where, and in what manner to reintroduce steelhead, including genetic considerations. One primary factor is determining the source population for reintroduction. In this paper, we consider the many important genetic aspects to consider when determining the source for steelhead reintroduction, and outline the genetic data needs when determining sources for reintroduction. We discuss the lessons learned from previous reintroductions in relation to a reintroduction scenario in the San Joaquin River, and recommend potential source populations.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"steelhead"},{"word":"reintroduction"},{"word":"genetic management"},{"word":"hatchery"},{"word":"rainbow trout"},{"word":"restoration"},{"word":"San Joaquin River"},{"word":"anadromy"},{"word":"Oncorhynchus mykiss"},{"word":"Ecology"},{"word":"Conservation"},{"word":"Genetics"}],"section":"Policy and Program Analysis","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wn5q90h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mariah","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Meek","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Molly","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Stephens","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Katharine","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Tomalty","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Bernie","middle_name":"","last_name":"May","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Melinda","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Baerwald","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-02-15T12:40:12-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-02-15T12:40:12-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-20T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62637/galley/48351/download/"}]},{"pk":62638,"title":"Macroinvertebrate Prey Availability and Fish Diet Selectivity in Relation to Environmental Variables in Natural and Restoring North San Francisco Bay Tidal Marsh Channels","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Tidal marsh wetlands provide important foraging habitat for a variety of estuarine fishes. Prey organisms include benthic–epibenthic macroinvertebrates, neustonic arthropods, and zooplankton. Little is known about the abundance and distribution of interior marsh macroinvertebrate communities in the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). We describe seasonal, regional, and site variation in the composition and abundance of neuston and benthic–epibenthic macroinvertebrates that inhabit tidal marsh channels, and relate these patterns to environmental conditions. We also describe spatial and temporal variation in diets of marsh-associated inland silverside, yellowfin goby, and western mosquitofish. Fish and invertebrates were sampled quarterly from October 2003 to June 2005 at six marsh sites located in three river systems of the northern estuary: Petaluma River, Napa River, and  the west Delta. Benthic/epibenthic macroinvertebrates and neuston responded to environmental variables related to seasonal changes (i.e., temperature, salinity), as well as those related to marsh structure (i.e., vegetation, channel edge). The greatest variation in abundance occurred seasonally for neuston and spatially for benthic–epibenthic organisms, suggesting that each community responds to different environmental drivers. Benthic/epibenthic invertebrate abundance and diversity was lowest in the west Delta, and increased with increasing salinity. Insect abundance increased during the spring and summer, while Collembolan (springtail) abundance increased during the winter. Benthic/epibenthic macroinvertebrates dominated fish diets, supplemented by insects, with zooplankton playing a minor role. Diet compositions of the three fish species overlapped considerably, with strong selection indicated for epibenthic crustaceans—a surprising result given the typical classification of \nMenidia beryllina\n as a planktivore, \nAcanthogobius flavimanus\n as a benthic predator, and \nGambusia affinis\n as a larvivorous surface-feeder. Fish diets were influenced by position along the estuarine gradient and season. Overall, our data show that local-scale site effects and marsh position within the estuary influence invertebrate community composition and abundance. Additionally, we show that restoring marsh ecosystems can subsidize fishes similarly to reference marshes. We, thus, recommend that managers focus on the ability of restoring marshes to produce food subsidies for target species when planning and designing tidal marsh restoration projects, especially those targeted for food web support.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Tidal marsh, macroinvertebrate ecology, fish ecology, estuarine ecology, community composition, tidal marsh restoration, San Francisco estuary"},{"word":"Ecology"},{"word":"Fisheries"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p01q99s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Howe","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Simenstad","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Toft","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Cordell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Bollens","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-03-18T21:52:49-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-03-18T21:52:49-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-20T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62638/galley/48352/download/"}]},{"pk":62635,"title":"Status of the Siberian Prawn, \nExopalaemon modestus\n, in the San Francisco Estuary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The freshwater Siberian prawn, \nExopalaemon modestus \n(Heller 1862, Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), was likely introduced into the San Francisco Estuary in the late 1990s. Since the initial collection in 2000, \nE. modestus \nspread rapidly throughout the estuary and into upstream areas, and is now the most common caridean shrimp in the upper estuary, including the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We summarized data collected from 2000 to 2011 by several long-term monitoring projects, special studies, and the public concerning \nE. modestus \nin California. Although some specific ecological effects of this introduced species have been documented, broader effects are largely unknown. \nE. modestus \nis likely to expand its distribution within the estuary and watershed and become established in other freshwater areas of California.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Exopalaemon modestus"},{"word":"San Francisco Estuary"},{"word":"Siberian prawn"},{"word":"invasive species"},{"word":"Biology"},{"word":"Ecology"},{"word":"Introduced Species"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36t046cq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tiffany","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Kathryn","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Hieb","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-17T14:06:51-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-17T14:06:51-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-20T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62635/galley/48350/download/"}]},{"pk":62652,"title":"The Role of Tidal Marsh Restoration in Fish Management in the San Francisco Estuary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Tidal marsh restoration is an important management issue in the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). Restoration of large areas of tidal marsh is ongoing or planned in the lower estuary (up to 6,000 ha, Callaway et al. 2011). Large areas are proposed for restoration in the upper estuary under the Endangered Species Act biological opinions (3,237 ha) and the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (26,305 ha). In the lower estuary, tidal marsh has proven its value to a wide array of species that live within it (Palaima 2012). In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta), one important function ascribed to restoration of freshwater tidal marshes is that they make large contributions to the food web of fish in open waters (BDCP 2013). The Ecosystem Restoration Program ascribed a suite of ecological functions to tidal marsh restoration, including habitat and food web benefits to native fish \n(\nCDFW 2010\n)\n. This background was the basis for a symposium, \nTidal Marshes and Native Fishes in the Delta: Will Restoration Make a Difference? \nheld at the University of California, Davis, on June 10, 2013. This paper summarizes conclusions the authors drew from the symposium.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Tidal Marsh"},{"word":"Restoration"},{"word":"Productivity"},{"word":"Dispersion"},{"word":"Ecology"}],"section":"Essay","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1147j4nz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bruce","middle_name":"","last_name":"Herbold","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, retired","department":""},{"first_name":"Donald","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Baltz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Larry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Geological Survey","department":""},{"first_name":"Robin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Grossinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Wim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kimmerer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Peggy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lehman","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"(Si)","last_name":"Simenstad","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Carl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilcox","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Dept. Fish and Wildlife","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nobriga","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-06-29T18:04:18-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-06-29T18:04:18-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-20T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62652/galley/48359/download/"}]},{"pk":8180,"title":"Masthead March 2014","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Masthead","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f6244fr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-19T16:26:04-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-19T16:26:04-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T16:35:19-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8180/galley/4706/download/"}]},{"pk":8179,"title":"Table of Contents March 2014","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w4536z0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-19T16:25:23-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-19T16:25:23-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T16:33:02-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8179/galley/4705/download/"}]},{"pk":19302,"title":"Hospital Factors Impact Variation in Emergency Department Length of Stay More Than Physician Factors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To analyze the correlation between the many different emergency department (ED) treatment metric intervals and determine if the metrics directly impacted by the physician correlate to the “door to room” interval in an ED (interval determined by ED bed availability). Our null hypothesis was that the cause of the variation in delay to receiving a room was multifactorial and does not correlate to any one metric interval.Methods: We collected daily interval averages from the ED information system, Meditech©. Patient flow metrics were collected on a 24-hour basis. We analyzed the relationship between the time intervals that make up an ED visit and the “arrival to room” interval using simple correlation (Pearson Correlation coefficients). Summary statistics of industry standard metrics were also done by dividing the intervals into 2 groups, based on the average ED length of stay (LOS) from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2008 Emergency Department Summary.Results: Simple correlation analysis showed that the doctor-to-discharge time interval had no correlation to the interval of “door to room (waiting room time)”, correlation coefficient (CC) (CC=0.000, p=0.96). “Room to doctor” had a low correlation to “door to room” CC=0.143, while “decision to admitted patients departing the ED time” had a moderate correlation of 0.29 (p &lt;0.001). “New arrivals” (daily patient census) had a strong correlation to longer “door to room” times, 0.657, p&lt;0.001. The “door to discharge” times had a very strong correlation CC=0.804 (p&lt;0.001), to the extended “door to room” time. Conclusion: Physician-dependent intervals had minimal correlation to the variation in arrival to room time. The “door to room” interval was a significant component to the variation in “door to discharge” i.e. LOS. The hospital-influenced “admit decision to hospital bed” i.e. hospital inpatient capacity, interval had a correlation to delayed “door to room” time. The other major factor affecting department bed availability was the “total patients per day.” The correlation to the increasing “door to room” time also reflects the effect of availability of ED resources (beds) on the patient evaluation time. The time that it took for a patient to receive a room appeared more dependent on the system resources, for example, beds in the ED, as well as in the hospital, than on the physician. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):158–164.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"throughput"},{"word":"Health Services Administration"}],"section":"Emergency Department Operations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79k1z6tg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Krall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Corpus Christi, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Angela","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Cornelius","name_suffix":"","institution":"Christus Spohn Hospital, Corpus Christi, Texas","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J","middle_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Addison","name_suffix":"","institution":"Christus Spohn Hospital, Corpus Christi, Texas","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-07-25T12:15:37-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-07-25T12:15:37-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:24:31-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/19302/galley/9547/download/"}]},{"pk":7841,"title":"Popliteal Artery Injury Associated with Blunt Trauma to the Knee without Fracture or Dislocation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Popliteal artery injuries are frequently seen with fractures, dislocations, or penetrating injuries. Concern about arterial injury and early recognition of the possibility of arterial injury is crucial for the salvage of the extremity. This article provides an outline of the diagnostic challenges related to these rare vascular injuries and emphasizes the necessity for a high level of suspicion, even in the absence of a significant penetrating injury, knee dislocation, fracture, or high-velocity trauma mechanism. The importance of a detailed vascular examination of a blunt trauma patient is emphasized. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):145–148.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"blunt trauma"},{"word":"amputation"},{"word":"emergency"},{"word":"popliteal artery"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w35x8t2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ahmet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Imerci","name_suffix":"","institution":"Erzurum Palandoken State Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erzurum, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kemal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Özaksar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hand Microsurgery Orthopaedic Traumatology (EMOT) Hospital, Izmir, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Yusuf","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gürbüz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hand Microsurgery Orthopaedic Traumatology (EMOT) Hospital, Izmir, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tahir","middle_name":"Sadık","last_name":"Sügün","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hand Microsurgery Orthopaedic Traumatology (EMOT) Hospital, Izmir, Turkey","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Umut","middle_name":"","last_name":"Canbek","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman Univercity of Medicine,","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ahmet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Savran","name_suffix":"","institution":"Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turkey","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-05-20T18:54:08-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-05-20T18:54:08-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:14:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7841/galley/4569/download/"}]},{"pk":7514,"title":"Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Attempt Presenting to the Emergency Department: Differences Between These Cohorts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that one million people die by suicide every year. Few studies have looked at factors associated with disposition in patients with chief complaints of depression, suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempts (SA) who present to the emergency department (ED). Our objective was to assess individual determinants associated with ED disposition of patients in depressed patients presenting to the ED.\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective study using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2008. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with discharge, in SI, SA and depression patients. Independent variables included socio-demographic information, vital signs, mode of arrival, insurance status, place of residence and concomitant psychiatric diagnosis.\nResults: Of the 93,030 subjects, 2,314 met the inclusion criteria (1,362 depression, 353 SI and 599 SA). Patients who arrived by ambulance were less likely to be discharged (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-0.92). Hispanic patients and patients age 15 to 29 were likely to be discharged (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.24 and OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15-2.10 respectively). Insurance status and housing status were not significantly associated patient was being discharge from EDs.\nConclusion: The Hispanic population had higher discharge rates, but the reasons are yet to be explored. Patients with SA and SI are discharged less frequently than those with depression, regardless of insurance type or housing status. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):211–216.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, depression, discharge, disposition, Ethnicity disparity"},{"word":"Injury Prevention, Psychiatric emergency,"}],"section":"Societal Impact on Emergency Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bs9r96g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bharath","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chakravarthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Wirachin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hoonpongsimanont","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Craig","middle_name":"Lander","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Habicht","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bruckner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-30T19:45:47-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-30T19:45:47-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:11:59-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7514/galley/4431/download/"}]},{"pk":7948,"title":"Delayed Presentation of Deep Sternal Wound Infection","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) are infections of the sternum, mediastinum, or the muscle, fascia and soft tissue that overlie the sternum, typically occurring within a month of cardiac surgery.  They are infrequent though severe complications of cardiac surgery. Diagnosis is made by the clinical presentation of fever, chest pain, or sternal instability in the setting of wound drainage, positive wound cultures, or chest radiographic findings.  We describe the case of an elderly man presenting 6 months after cardiac surgery with DSWI. Due to the atypical nature of such a late presentation, definitive therapy was delayed. Given a severely ill patient with multiple risk factors for poor wound healing, the clinician must maintain a high index of suspicion for DSWI despite a delayed presentation. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):134–136.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"sepsis, sternotomy, mediastinitis"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zr9g7jc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Linda","middle_name":"","last_name":"Joseph","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Luke’s University Hospital and Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Jeanmonod","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Luke’s University Hospital and Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-21T18:28:27-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-21T18:28:27-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:10:16-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7948/galley/4608/download/"}]},{"pk":7961,"title":"The Ethics of the Missing Straw","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This case report details the emergency department course of a 34 year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding after reportedly falling one week earlier. She was subsequently found to have a drinking straw within her uterus next to an eight week-old live intrauterine pregnancy on ultrasound. This case report and discussion reviews the literature on retained foreign bodies in pregnancy while addressing the added complications of an evasive patient and a difficult consultant with significant intra-specialty disagreement. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):131–133.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Uterine Foreign Body, Emergency Department, pregnancy, ethics"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88c9q567","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maricopa Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Katz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maricopa Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Klokow","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maricopa Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-08-31T16:49:04-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-08-31T16:49:04-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:08:03-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7961/galley/4617/download/"}]},{"pk":7909,"title":"Dysuria in the Emergency Department: Missed Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The clinical presentation of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia) in women is often indistinguishable from a urinary tract infection. While merited in the setting of dysuria, emergency department (ED) clinicians do not routinely test for chlamydia in women. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of chlamydia testing among women presenting to the ED with dysuria.\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of women 19-25 years of age presenting with dysuria to an urban ED and who had been coded with urinary tract infection (UTI) as their primary diagnosis (ICD-9 599.0) from October 2005 to March 2011. We excluded women who were pregnant, had underlying anatomical or neurological urinary system pathology, had continuation of symptoms from UTI or a sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosed elsewhere, or were already on antibiotics for a UTI or STI. We identified the rates of sexual history screening, pelvic examination and chlamydia assay testing and evaluated predictors using univariate and multivariate analyses.  \nResults: Of 280 women with dysuria and a UTI diagnosis, 17% were asked about their sexual history, with 94% reporting recent sexual activity. Pelvic examination was performed in 23%. We were unable to determine the overall chlamydia prevalence as only 20% of women in the cohort were tested. Among the 20% of women tested for chlamydia infection, 21% tested positive. Only 42% of chlamydia-positive women were prescribed treatment effective for chlamydia (azithromycin or doxycycline) at their visit; the remaining were prescribed UTI treatment not effective against chlamydia. Predictors of sexual history screening included vaginal bleeding (OR 5.4, 95% CI=1.5 to 19.6) and discharge (OR 2.8, 95% CI=1.1 to 6.9). Predictors of a pelvic examination being performed included having a complaint of vaginal discharge (OR 11.8, 95% CI=4.2 to 32.9), a sexual history performed (OR 2.5, 95% CI=1.1 to 5.8), abdominal pain (OR 2.2, 95% CI=1.1 to 4.4), or pelvic pain (OR 15.3, 95% CI=2.5 to 92.2); a complaint of urinary frequency was associated with a pelvic examination not being performed (OR 0.34, 95% CI=0.13 to 0.86). \nConclusion: Sexual histories, pelvic examinations, and chlamydia testing were not performed in the majority of women presenting with dysuria and diagnosed with UTI in the ED. The performance of a sexual history along with the availability of self-administered vaginal swab and first-void urine-based chlamydia tests may increase identification of chlamydia infection in women with dysuria. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):227–230.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"sexually transmitted disease, chlamydia, urinary tract infections, dysuria"},{"word":"emergency medicine, infectious disease"}],"section":"Injury Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1317x6b5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Morgan","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Wilbanks","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Galbraith","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Geisler","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Alabama at Birmingham\nDepartment of Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-07-15T10:53:46-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-07-15T10:53:46-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:05:18-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7909/galley/4594/download/"}]},{"pk":8039,"title":"Lemierre's Syndrome","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):125-126.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Lemierre's syndrome, postanginal septicemia, septic thrombophlebitis,"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k84x8g0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jayten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shook","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lakeland Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, St Joseph, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trigger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lakeland Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, St Joseph, Michigan","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-19T19:58:41-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-19T19:58:41-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:03:39-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8039/galley/4647/download/"}]},{"pk":8053,"title":"Cardiac Sarcoma: Unusual Cause of Intracardiac Contrast Filling Defect","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):123–124.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Cardiac Sarcoma"}],"section":"Diagnostic Acumen","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26c5q9z8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Cleveland","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Melissa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Beckmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-25T12:16:22-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-25T12:16:22-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:02:38-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8053/galley/4653/download/"}]},{"pk":8014,"title":"Tackling The Global Challenge: Humanitarian Catastrophes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"“Humanitarian catastrophes,” conflicts and calamities generating both widespread human suffering and destructive events, require a wide range of emergency resources. This paper answers a number of questions that humanitarian catastrophes generate: Why and how do the most-developed countries—those with the resources, capabilities, and willingness to help—intervene in specific types of disasters? What ethical and legal guidelines shape our interventions? How well do we achieve our goals? It then suggests a number of changes to improve humanitarian responses, including better NGO-government cooperation, increased research on the best disaster response methods, clarification of the criteria and roles for humanitarian (military) interventions, and development of post-2015 Millennium Development Goals with more accurate progress measures. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):231–240.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Crisis response, Millennium Development Goals, ethics, international law"}],"section":"Injury Outcomes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3128p4pc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Iserson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-24T17:55:21-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-24T17:55:21-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-19T14:02:12-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8014/galley/4639/download/"}]},{"pk":44037,"title":"A Presentation of Carcinoid Masked by Long Term Opioid Use: A Diagnostic Challenge in the Primary Care Setting","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x10v4sk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jennifer ","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Chew","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Edward ","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Hui","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-17T22:29:57-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44037/galley/32840/download/"}]},{"pk":44052,"title":"Ischemic Colitis Masquerading as Pseudomembranous Colitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t92b9qx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeremy ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lorber","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Antonio ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pessegueiro","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-16T23:16:21-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44052/galley/32855/download/"}]},{"pk":40508,"title":"Three Poems by Giacomo Leopardi","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Translation of three poems by Giacomo Leopardi.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Leopardi"},{"word":"La quiete dopo la tempesta"},{"word":"A Silvia"},{"word":"La sera del dí di festa"}],"section":"Sound and Sense","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fk9v0wh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Creagh","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-02-22T18:44:10-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-02-22T18:44:10-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40508/galley/30435/download/"}]},{"pk":40503,"title":"Translator Patrick Creagh and the Sound of Italy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This is a brief introductory essay about the life and achievements of translator Patrick Creagh (1930-2012), whose previously unpublished versions of three of Giacomo Leopardi's Idilli appear in this volume of CIS devoted to \"Italian Sound\". Includes commentary on Creagh's ideas about translation and the challenges of translating lyric poetry.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Poetry translation"},{"word":"Italian poetry"},{"word":"Giacomo Leopardi"},{"word":"Patrick Creagh"}],"section":"Sound and Sense","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jz2g35b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lucia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Re","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-15T15:54:28-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-15T15:54:28-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40503/galley/30434/download/"}]},{"pk":44048,"title":"Huntington’s Disease-Associated Psychosis in a Patient Misdiagnosed with Tourette’s Syndrome","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vz530v8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sayumi","middle_name":"","last_name":"De Silva","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-10T22:59:33-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44048/galley/32851/download/"}]},{"pk":40490,"title":"Il mondo visto da sud e \nLa prima volta\n.  Una conversazione con Franco Cassano","subtitle":null,"abstract":"IL MONDO VISTO DA SUD E LA PRIMA VOLTA.\n \nUNA CONVERSAZIONE CON FRANCO CASSANO\n \nABSTRACT\n \n \n \nIl 13 aprile 2013 presso l'Università dell' Oregon in Eugene si è svolto il trentatresimo convegno annuale dell'American Association of Italian Studies. Franco Cassano era in quell'occasione uno degli oratori delle sessioni plenarie ed è stato al centro di una tavola rotonda attorno al suo pensiero che ha avuto come protagonisti alcuni studiosi particolarmente impegnati nelle problematiche storiche, filosofiche e politiche del pensiero Mediterraneo: gli italianisti Norma Bouchard, Alessandro Carrera, Roberto Dainotto, Valerio Ferme, Claudio Fogu e il filosofo latino-americano Alejandro Vallega. I due eventi, considerati insieme, costituiscono un'interessante e produttiva conversazione con Franco Cassano, un'efficace messa a punto della sua visione del Sud d'Italia e dei Sud del mondo, in rapporto ai temi e valori fondamentali della cultura Mediterranea. In questa breve introduzione Lollini presenta i protagonisti di questo dialogo e i principali temi emersi nel dibattito, sottolineando al tempo stesso quelli che  a suo giudizio sono gli elementi più proficui e passibili di auspicabili sviluppi positivi del pensiero meridiano sul piano culturale e politico.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Vol. 4: Italian Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wz6n8z1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Massimo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lollini","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oregon","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-07-17T11:13:15-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-07-17T11:13:15-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-09T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40490/galley/30430/download/"}]},{"pk":40512,"title":"Introduction to Volume 4, Issue 2","subtitle":null,"abstract":"TBA","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Vol. 4: Italian Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n76c1hs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shemek","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Santa Cruz","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Arielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saiber","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowdoin College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-05T22:07:07-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-05T22:07:07-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-09T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40512/galley/30438/download/"}]},{"pk":44051,"title":"Integrative East-West Medicine for Dysconjugate Gaze In a Patient with Graves’ Orbitopathy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r9092h9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Malcolm ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Taw","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Mamta ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singhvi","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Catherine ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hwang","name_suffix":"MD ","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-06T22:11:59-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44051/galley/32854/download/"}]},{"pk":40511,"title":"Italian Sounds, Lost and Found: Introduction to Volume 4, Issue 1","subtitle":null,"abstract":"TBA","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Vol. 4: Italian Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/608541wc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shemek","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Santa Cruz","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Arielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saiber","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowdoin College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-05T21:59:46-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-05T21:59:46-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-05T22:02:47-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40511/galley/30437/download/"}]},{"pk":40510,"title":"Sound Bytes: Experimental Electronic Music and Sound Art in Italy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"TBA","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Coda","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9900n7qd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saiber","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowdoin College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-05T15:11:18-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-05T15:11:18-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-05T15:38:09-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40510/galley/30436/download/"}]},{"pk":43981,"title":"Dercum’s Disease – A Mimic of Fibromyalgia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k99r9k4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gihyun ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Myung","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Meike ","middle_name":"A. ","last_name":"Fang","name_suffix":"M.D.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2014-03-05T15:20:14-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/43981/galley/32785/download/"}]},{"pk":40482,"title":"“Italian Tango” Between Buenos Aires and Paolo Conte","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This essay will attempt to disentangle the “DNA” of the intricate music of tango in order to reveal the Italian strand of its genetic sequence, following it trans-historically and trans-continentally from its inception in Buenos Aires to its contemporary return to one of its ancestral homes, Italy. Outlining a little-studied version of “Italian sound,” in the following pages I will aim to unearth the Italian roots of tango in Argentina, which require a thorough description because they are often overlooked, by considering some textual examples. I will then follow the tango’s long branching out to Italy, through a brief treatment of the successful arrival of this music on the peninsula and through consideration of some of its most original all-Italian versions, the tangos by singer and songwriter Paolo Conte. The perspective offered here will be that of an overview covering a century of “Italian tango” and will especially privilege the connection between the tangos of Buenos Aires and those of the Asti-born Italian composer.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"tango, Argentina, migration, Paolo Conte"},{"word":"Music, Migration Studies, Italian Studies"}],"section":"Transnational Pop","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1811064h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ilaria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Serra","name_suffix":"","institution":"Florida Atlantic University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-06-08T08:03:34-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-06-08T08:03:34-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:08:12-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40482/galley/30426/download/"}]},{"pk":40462,"title":"Transnational Neomelodica Music and Alternative Economic Cultures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s, another popular Neapolitan vocal music scene emerged that today thrives in a position of ambiguous alterity to the once-dominant “traditional” music industry that thrived in the decades before and after the turn of the 20th century. \nLa canzone neomelodica\n, or neo-melodic song, is produced, distributed, performed and consumed in an alternative political economic culture, where the so-called formal, informal and illicit economies overlap. The neomelodica music scene constitutes an alternative music industry that encompasses a range of affective-aesthetic sensibilities and economic practices that cause friction with dominant attitudes in Naples regarding “Neapolitan culture” and dominant aesthetic and economic norms performed by the mainstream Italian music industry and its publics.\n \nUnlike classic Neapolitan song, neomelodica song has enjoyed national and transnational success largely limited to circulation among southern Italians living throughout Italy, in parts of Europe, and in North America. We describe the neomelodica music scene from an aesthetic and moral/political economic perspective. We analyze how the unique ethico-aesthetic qualities of the neomelodico milieu and neomelodica song’s relationship to other Neapolitan and Italian music genres have conditioned neomelodica song’s national and transnational articulations while at the same time transforming transnational neomelodica music into a unitary and fragmenting repertoire of southern Italian identity.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"neomelodica music, naples, transnational, camorra"},{"word":"anthropology, ethnomusicology, cultural studies"}],"section":"Transnational Pop","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rm113j6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pine","name_suffix":"","institution":"SUNY Purchase","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francesco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pepe","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-02-15T12:04:10-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-02-15T12:04:10-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:08:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40462/galley/30415/download/"}]},{"pk":40458,"title":"‘100% Italian’: The Coming of Sound Cinema in Italy and State Regulation on Dubbing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"During the critical transition from silent to synchronised sound cinema, various commercial and politically oriented solutions were adopted in Italy to cope with the challenges posed by the advent of sound film technology in domestic screens. This paper sets out to describe how in the first half of the 1930s the fascist government intervened to solve the question of audible foreign languages in Italian cinemas, and to limit the economic expansion of foreign distribution in the national territory. I shall observe the position taken by the translation of foreign cinema within the increasingly nationalistic environment and the function of dubbing in reinforcing the cultural and linguistic standardisation promoted by the regime. Economic protectionism, political film censorship, cultural propaganda and social concerns related to Italians’ literacy will be discussed as important factors leading to state intervention in the development of the dubbing practice.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Transition to Sound"},{"word":"Foreign Film Distribution"},{"word":"Italian Language"},{"word":"State Intervention"},{"word":"Dubbing"},{"word":"Italian, Film and Translation Studies"}],"section":"Fascism and Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f86023v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Carla","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mereu Keating","name_suffix":"","institution":"Independent researcher","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-28T06:20:23-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-28T06:20:23-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:07:19-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40458/galley/30413/download/"}]},{"pk":40455,"title":"Da Yeah a Ueee senza passare dal MinCulPop - Strategie di coesistenza e resistenza del jazz italiano durante il fascismo.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to explore the ambivalent relationship between jazz and Italian authorities during the fascist regime, with a particular focus on the case of Alberto Rabagliati, the singer/actor who, along with other acts such as Trio Lescano, had managed to mediate American jazz with the Italian melodic tradition, creating an insitutionally-acceptable genre. During the years of the so-called MinCulPop (the ministry of propaganda), several jazz events and musicians were banned, on the basis that they would promote foreign and, particularly, \nnegro\n cultures. Other songs, from other genres, the so-called \ncanzoni della fronda\n,\n \nwere also censored, when the authorities would perceive that the lyrics would contain anti-fascist messages.\n \nIn this essay, the author suggests that a particular \ncanzone della fronda\n (surprisingly untouched by the MinCulPop) was actually a swing number by Rabagliati himself: \nQuando canta Rabagliati\n. In it, it is argued, the singer (and the song’s authors D’Anzi and Galdieri) provide a subtle yet accurate description of a \nreal \njazz performance, literally under the nose of the fascist authorities (the song was the signature tune of a successful national radio program). Far from being a \npolitical \ntype of protest, the song is here analyzed as a statement of artistic resistance: the resistance of performing a certain genre of music in a country where such genre was prohibited.","language":"it","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Jazz"},{"word":"fascism"},{"word":"Alberto Rabagliati"},{"word":"censorship"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"Resistance"},{"word":"Musicology"},{"word":"History"},{"word":"Cultural Studies"},{"word":"Semiotics"}],"section":"Fascism and Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fw7c793","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dario","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martinelli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaunas University of Technology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-20T13:16:48-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-20T13:16:48-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:07:06-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40455/galley/30410/download/"}]},{"pk":40489,"title":"Il suono dei futuristi: la musica in «Lacerba» e altre polemiche musicali  (1913-1915)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the reception and discussion of the new futurist music in the Florentine journal Lacerba, generally considered one of the most important avant-garde Italian literary journals in the early twentieth century. As is well known, materials published in journals help us understand the climate and the spirit of a period in its making. However, such sources must be carefully contextualized by taking into account both the authors biographical backgrounds and the historical and social milieu of the journal. This article discusses and contextualizes the thirty musical contributions that appeared in Lacerba as well as other articles that were published in the same period in the journals La Voce and Il Marzocco, which were involved in an ongoing controversy with Lacerba. Between 1913 and 1915, figures such as Marinetti, musicians Francesco Balilla Pratella and Francesco Cangiullo, painter-inventor Luigi Russolo, music critics Giannotto Bastianelli and Fausto Torrefranca, all actively participated in the raging controversy on Futurist sound and its highly innovative character. Each of the above, as a creator and/or observer, contributed to the reflection on the quality of sound, whose fruits – though mainly theoretical - broke new ground for the development music in the twentieth century.","language":"it","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Futurist Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fx1q075","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gangale","name_suffix":"","institution":"Università degli Studi di Firenze","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-07-11T16:11:35-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-07-11T16:11:35-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:06:18-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40489/galley/30429/download/"}]},{"pk":40456,"title":"Futurist War Noises: Confronting and Coping with the First World War","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to examine the Futurists’ understanding and interpretation of war noises and sounds before, during and after their First World War combat experiences. Firstly, the article examines the Futurist interest in war noises prior to the outbreak of the First World War, secondly, it analyses the Futurists’ experience of war noises during their time in combat, focusing particularly on the figures of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, and Luigi Russolo. Finally, the article examines how the Futurist pre-war pronouncements on war noises offered them a ‘road map’ of how to behave in battle and provided them with successful strategies for coping with the intensity of life in the trenches.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Futurism, noise, Marinetti, Boccioni, Russolo, First World War"},{"word":"Italian Studies"},{"word":"History"}],"section":"Futurist Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fx1p115","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Selena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Daly","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College Dublin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-24T04:12:34-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-24T04:12:34-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:06:01-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40456/galley/30411/download/"}]},{"pk":40481,"title":"Futurism in Venice, Crisis and “la musica dell’avvenire,” 1924*","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In January 1924 the latest incarnation of Futurist music theatre, Il Nuovo Teatro Futurista, began a twenty-eight city tour of the peninsula. The Venice stopover, at the Teatro Goldoni on January 25, prompted a flurry of media activity. Press reports, manifestos, and one-off periodicals advertized and then discussed the performance. Central to this Futurist-controlled discourse was the notion of \nla musica dell’avvenire\n, one that built on recent technological developments to provide a way out of a perceived crisis of musical language. The Futurists positioned themselves as inhabiting a moment of transition: soothsayers of a musical future that no one else could imagine. In this article I argue that these three aspects—Futurism as a media enterprise, \nla musica dell’avvenire,\n and cultural crisis—share a common impulse, as offshoots of contemporary concerns with media and technology, culture and posterity, and language and crisis, all of which had a pervasive import in postwar Italian culture. I suggest that the Futurists sought to control media networks, so as to take charge amid a culture of crisis. Yet in the process, their rhetoric of extremes saw a disavowal of all they were most reliant on—something that in the end proved their undoing. In particular, their futurology was contradicted by a reliance on older media, genres, and sounds, which revealed them to be an embodiment of the crisis from which they were trying to detach themselves. I seek to excavate the aesthetic and historical stakes that contributed to this deep-seated contradiction, and to illustrate the predicament at the heart of postwar 1920s Italian culture: of forging a path to the future amid the ever-present ruins of the past.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Music Theatre, Futurism, Venice, Crisis"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"cultural history"}],"section":"Futurist Sound","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xt580tr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Harriet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boyd","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-05-29T00:43:35-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-05-29T00:43:35-07:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:05:41-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40481/galley/30425/download/"}]},{"pk":40452,"title":"From Brighton Beach to Bellagio","subtitle":null,"abstract":"American composer Elliott Schwartz, born and raised in Brooklyn, discusses the various ways in which the legacy of Italian music has shaped his stylistic development. He also recounts the circumstances which led to his 1980 resident fellowship at the Villa Serbelloni in Bellagio, and the creation of his string quartet \"Bellagio Variations.\" Schwartz's essay includes a brief non-technical analysis of the quartet, and links to a recorded performance.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Resoundings","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j84j7rp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elliott","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schwartz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowdoin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-01-15T13:33:29-08:00","date_accepted":"2013-01-15T13:33:29-08:00","date_published":"2014-03-02T21:04:54-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cisj/article/40452/galley/30407/download/"}]}]}