Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"History"},{"word":"Cesar Chavez"},{"word":"Farm Workers"},{"word":"UFW"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hd3w3cw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Racco","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-15T20:55:35+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-15T20:55:35+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ssha_uhj/article/52634/galley/39690/download/"}]},{"pk":52632,"title":"Review of Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"History"},{"word":"Homosexuality"},{"word":"Gay"},{"word":"New York"},{"word":"Urban Culture"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n92693k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aaron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-15T20:53:03+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-15T20:53:03+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ssha_uhj/article/52632/galley/39688/download/"}]},{"pk":52631,"title":"Review of The Comanche Empire","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"History: Comanche Empire"},{"word":"Comanche"},{"word":"empire"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sx6v3qk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luneburg","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-15T20:51:34+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-15T20:51:34+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ssha_uhj/article/52631/galley/39687/download/"}]},{"pk":52633,"title":"Review of The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"History"},{"word":"King Philip's War"},{"word":"United States"},{"word":"Colony"},{"word":"identity"},{"word":"Native Americans"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n43g135","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rocco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bowman","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-05-15T20:54:22+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-05-15T20:54:22+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ssha_uhj/article/52633/galley/39689/download/"}]},{"pk":37742,"title":"Richmond Ellis, Robert. They Need Nothing: Hispanic-Asian Encounters of the Colonial Period","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review of They need nothing by Robert Richmond Ellis","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bz467s7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"David","last_name":"Green","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-24T07:50:14+02:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-24T07:50:14+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37742/galley/28460/download/"}]},{"pk":41245,"title":"Risk-based residential HLB/ACP survey for California, Texas and Arizona","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The recent discoveries of HLB in the Los Angeles Basin and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas underscore the imminent danger of HLB spread in these two States and the urgent need for highly sensitive survey methods for early detection of new residential infections of HLB combined with rapid intervention to contain and eliminate further spread. The Arizona citrus industry is also at considerable risk due to the proximity to the Mexican border and continued immigration of ACP from Mexico. The 2008 economic downturn has led to dwindling fiscal resources for many regulatory agencies including those tasked with conducting the survey for HLB. Therefore, sampling efforts need to be deployed based on potential risk introduction and threat to commercial citrus to optimize early detection. A risk-based residential survey has recently been constructed and deployed in Southern California and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and is being designed for Southern Arizona.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99c6v21q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"T.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gottwald","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA;\nCIPM, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"N.","middle_name":"","last_name":"McRoberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, California, USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T19:45:28+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T19:45:28+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41245/galley/30844/download/"}]},{"pk":41272,"title":"RNAi-Based Strategy for Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) Control: A Method to Reduce the Spread of Citrus Greening Disease","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Citrus greening disease is a serious bacterial disease of citrus worldwide and is vectored by the Asian citrus pysllid (\nDiaphorina Citri\n). The only effective control strategy includes vigorous control of the psyllid, primarily through heavy reliance on pesticides. As a more sustainable and environmentally friendly method of psyllid control, we evaluated a RNA interference (RNAi) approach based on psyllid oral uptake of dsRNA molecules that target specific psyllid genes. This approach is based on the finding that cellular uptake of dsRNAs, that match the sequence of essential genes, results in down regulation of those genes and can lead to cell/organism death. These dsRNA molecules were introduced into the psyllids through feeding on citrus engineered to express the dsRNA using a Citrus tristeza virus as a paratransgenesis vector. Increased toxicity was observed when adult psyllids were fed on citrus producing dsRNA targeting either gut protease genes. No increased psyllid toxicity was observed in psyllids fed on citrus producing green fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA. Toxicity related to specific psyllid gene knockout will be discussed. These results suggest that RNAi-based control may be a viable alternative to current pesticide use for control of psyllids and all phloem feeding pests.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w22b4pz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chloe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hawkings","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"K.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morgan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shaffer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"D.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Borovsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cave","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"B.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dawson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gowda","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Shatters, Jr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-16T23:13:46+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-16T23:13:46+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41272/galley/30871/download/"}]},{"pk":41268,"title":"RNA Interference Screening Reveals Redox Processes to be Most Responsive to Low dsRNA Doses in Asian Citrus Psyllid","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Asian citrus psyllid (\nDiaphorina citri\n Kuwayama) is an invasive Homopteran that has crippled citrus production in Florida with the spread of the Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) disease, which yields small discolored and bitter fruit. The disease is associated with the bacterium ‘\nCandidatus\n’ Liberibacter and is rapidly spreading to other citrus producing states. Gene targets were competitively deposited by experts from diverse fields for RNAi screening through an Innocentive challenge funded by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation. Four of the fifty genes were identified in dsRNA feeding trials to induce both significantly high mortality as well as concentration dependent dose response. Three of these are involved in redox biochemistry. These results indicate that gene silencing of proteins involved in metabolism by redox chemistry can induce mortality at low doses and that functional targeting in this organism may be the best strategy for psyllid control by RNAi.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cr8c0cp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Ramos","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA/ARS USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Shatters","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA/ARS USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"UF IRREC, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dov","middle_name":"","last_name":"Borovsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA/ARS USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ritesh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jain","name_suffix":"","institution":"UF IRREC, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lindsay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shaffer","name_suffix":"","institution":"UF IRREC, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sulley","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Ben-Mahmoud","name_suffix":"","institution":"UF IRREC, Fort Pierce, FL","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T21:55:08+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T21:55:08+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41268/galley/30867/download/"}]},{"pk":63759,"title":"Rudy P. Guevarra, Jr., Becoming Mexipino: Multiethnic Identities and Communities in San Diego","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book reivew of Rudy P. Guevarra, Jr., \nBecoming Mexipino: Multiethnic Identities and Communities in San Diego.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"racially mixed people"},{"word":"multiracial identity"},{"word":"mixed race identity"},{"word":"multiethnic Asian Americans"},{"word":"multiethnic Mexican Americans"},{"word":"mixed race studies"},{"word":"critical mixed race studies"},{"word":"multiracial studies, critical multiracial studies."}],"section":"Book & Media Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81b8z5mr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cathy","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Schlund-Vials","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-27T03:54:43+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-27T03:54:43+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jcmrs/article/63759/galley/48962/download/"}]},{"pk":37740,"title":"San Juan, escritura y amor: una entrevista a Eduardo Lalo sobre su novela Simone","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Entrevista a Eduardo Lalo","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Eduardo Lalo"},{"word":"Simone, Premio Romulo Gallegos"}],"section":"Interview","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z4365qn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nitzaira","middle_name":"","last_name":"Delgado-García","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Whitesell","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-13T03:22:37+02:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-13T03:22:37+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37740/galley/28458/download/"}]},{"pk":41368,"title":"Screening of citrus and its close relatives for tolerance to huanglongbing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of citrus, has become a serious problem for the citrus industries in Brazil and Florida, and both the disease and its psyllid vector, \nDiaphorina citri\n continue to spread to other citrus growing regions. Host resistance or tolerance to the pathogen would be extremely valuable to the citrus industry. A field trial was established in Fort Pierce, Florida where HLB has become endemic to assess the HLB tolerance level of different cultivars of citrus and citrus relatives. Over 800 seedlings representing over 100 accessions (8 replications of each) belonging to 18 genera of the subfamily Aurantioideae and family Rutaceae were evaluated over a period of four years. Leaf samples were collected at 6 month intervals during the spring and fall seasons and tested for the presence of HLB associated bacterium, \nCandidatus\n Liberibacter asiaticus (LAS) by real time PCR. While most accessions were found to be susceptible to HLB, the bacterium (LAS) was not detectable in about 20 accessions for up to four years of analysis. These include many trifoliates and trifoliate hybrids, some species of \nBergera, Casimiroa, Clausena, Eremocitrus, Glycosmis, Microcitrus, Murraya, Naringi, \nand\n Zanthoxylum. \nInformation on varietal tolerance of citrus and its relatives to HLB is very important for management of the disease. While most accessions in Citrus were susceptible, partial resistance was observed in some clonal populations of \nCitrus latipes\n. The probable basis of resistance is being investigated.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zm106vv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramadugu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dept. of Botany and Plant Sciences, Univ. of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA 92511","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Keremane","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, CA, USA 92507","department":"None"},{"first_name":"E.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stover","name_suffix":"","institution":"US Horticultural Research Lab, Ft. Pierce, FL. USA 34945","department":"None"},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Halbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"Florida Dept. of Agricultural and consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL, USA 32614","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Y.","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Duan","name_suffix":"","institution":"US Horticultural Research Lab, Ft. Pierce, FL. USA 34945","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, CA, USA 92507","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-23T00:55:15+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-23T00:55:15+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41368/galley/30967/download/"}]},{"pk":41365,"title":"Screening of Transgenic Citrus for HLB Resistance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Transgenic citrus scion (mostly grapefruit and sweet orange) and rootstock cultivars (Carrizo and experimental complex tetraploids) were transformed with gene(s) encoding antimicrobial peptides or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) proteins. Each transgene was under control of an enhanced CaMV 35S promoter. Several genes were also under control of a phloem specific \nArabidopsis\n SUC2 (\nAtSUC2\n) promoter. A number of clones of each transgenic line (at least 3 replicate plants per clone) were evaluated for resistance to Huanglongbing (HLB, caused by \nCandidatus \nLiberibacter\n \nasiaticus). 650 clones, from over 180 individual transgenic lines planted in spring 2009 in a heavily HLB infected Martin County grove were tested using qPCR for infection to HLB after 30 months in field. 396 trees tested negative for the HLB bacterium. Approximately 200 clones were observed to be healthy and flushing after 40 months in the field and were again evaluated using qPCR during June 2012. We did not detect the \nCa. \nLiberibacter asiaticus bacterium in a majority of these trees. In a separate trial in St. Lucie County, 300 clones, from over 80 individual transgenic lines planted during 2010 were evaluated in October 2012. Similar trends were observed to that seen in our Martin County site. 345 transgenic clones and controls containing the same transgene(s) were also placed in a greenhouse containing free flying HLB-infected Asian citrus psyllids (ACP) during April 2011. All trees were evaluated for infection after 12 months by qPCR, and 80% of the transgenic trees tested negative for the bacterium. These results suggest that some of the antimicrobial peptides and SAR-inducing proteins can provide long-term resistance against HLB.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fc892b7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dutt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"A.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Omar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"G.","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Barthe","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"V.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Orbovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Irey","name_suffix":"","institution":"US Sugar Corporation, Clewiston, FL 33440","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Grosser","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-23T00:44:41+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-23T00:44:41+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41365/galley/30964/download/"}]},{"pk":41344,"title":"Seasonal Concentration of Macro and Micronutrients in Different Vegetative Organs of Valencia Oranges Tree Affected By HLB","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Plants infected with HLB have obstructions that affect the phloem transport of carbohydrates for developing organs such as fruit and other organs as the cambial region and roots. Some nutrients may be affected and it is usual the observation of foliar symptoms characteristic for the deficiency of minerals such as Mg and Zn. As the root system can also be harmed it is possible that the deficiency symptoms are also caused by decreased absorption and not only by lack of redistribution through phloem. The objective of this study was to investigate throughout the year concentrations of different nutrients in young leaves, mature leaves, young branches and the cambial region of Valencia Orange trees (\nC.sinensis\n), 12 years old, grafted on Rangpur lime (\nCitrus limonia\n) . 1) symptomatic branches of flowers (PCR+), 2) asymptomatic branches of flowers (PCR+) and 3) flowers of healthy plants (PCR -). Healthy plants showed higher levels of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. There were variations in function of the analyzed organs over time. The results are discussed according to the mobility of nutrients in plants.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03h187mc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Medina","name_suffix":"","institution":"CONPLANT, Training Consultancy, Agricultural Research and Development, Ltd., Campinas, SP, Brazil;\nGCONCI/Citrus Consultants Group","department":"None"},{"first_name":"V.","middle_name":"A.V.","last_name":"Saccini","name_suffix":"","institution":"FCAV / Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil","department":"None"},{"first_name":"D.","middle_name":"M.M.","last_name":"Dos Santos","name_suffix":"","institution":"FCAV / Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Machado","name_suffix":"","institution":"CONPLANT, Training Consultancy, Agricultural Research and Development, Ltd., Campinas, SP, Brazil","department":"None"},{"first_name":"O.","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Bataglia","name_suffix":"","institution":"CONPLANT, Training Consultancy, Agricultural Research and Development, Ltd., Campinas, SP, Brazil","department":"None"},{"first_name":"P.","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Furlani","name_suffix":"","institution":"CONPLANT, Training Consultancy, Agricultural Research and Development, Ltd., Campinas, SP, Brazil","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-19T01:37:49+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-19T01:37:49+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41344/galley/30943/download/"}]},{"pk":41265,"title":"Seasonal shifts in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus prevalence in the vector Diaphorina citri in Florida","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Psyllid populations at six locations in central Florida and one location in southern Florida were sampled monthly and the proportion of adult psyllids carrying Liberibacter asiaticus was measured using QPCR of pooled samples. The Florida Automated Weather Network was used to estimate environmental conditions at these locations. Prevalence was highest during the last three months of the year, but psyllids with Liberibacter asiaticus could be found at all times. Fluctuations in prevalence associated with gender and abdominal color are also examined.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82b958bx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Ebert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Brlansky","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Rogers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T21:49:03+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T21:49:03+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41265/galley/30864/download/"}]},{"pk":60225,"title":"Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act: A \"Good Samaritan\" Law Without the Requirement of Acting as a \"Good Samaritan\"","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When Congress enacted Section 230 of the Communications\n \nDecency Act, it made an implicit deal with every Interactive Computer\n \nService (ICS): at least attempt to clean your website of defamatory or\n \notherwise illegal third-party content in exchange for immunity from\n \nvicarious liability. However, the majority of courts applying Section\n \n230 have since construed this aptly-titled \"good Samaritan\" law as a\n \ngrant of blanket ICS immunity, offering protection regardless of\n \nwhether an ICS actually regulates or edits its website. This piece\n \nanalyzes an aparent split among the circuit courts, and explains that\n \nblanket ICS immunity does not square with Congress' underlying\n \nintent of encouraging ICS self-regulation. In the end, this article\n \nhighlights four potential scenarios in which an ICS could lose its\n \nSection 230 \"good Samaritan\" immunity status when it does not act\n \nlike a \"good Samaritan.\"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g87m864","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Sevanian","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T18:40:49+02:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T18:40:49+02:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60225/galley/46184/download/"}]},{"pk":41264,"title":"SEM- and TEM-informed anatomical observations of Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) parasite localization in its psyllid host","subtitle":null,"abstract":"With SEM, we studied external midgut surfaces of all potato psyllid instars, and, additionally with SEM and TEM, the anterior alimentary system of adults. The ontogenetically earliest point of Lso detection was in the 3rd instar, then in consecutively greater percentages of 4th and 5th instars, then in a lower percentage of teneral and mature adults. Two age-based patterns of proliferation were identified in the oral region of mature adults- streaming, in which Lso were confined to passageways, and diffuse, in which Lso occurred inside of, and around, cells of mouthpart components, muscles and epidermis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kj4t6tf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Cicero","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T21:47:46+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T21:47:46+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41264/galley/30863/download/"}]},{"pk":41250,"title":"Sequencing and annotation of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri by the CG-HLB Genome Resources group reveals candidate sources of interaction with the insect host","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Citrus Greening – Huanglongbing (CG-HLB) Genome Resources group serves as a bioinformatics resource for diverse projects related to the biology of CG-HLB. A major recent project concerns the generation and annotation of a draft genome sequence for the Wolbachia endosymbiont (wDi) of the\n \nAsian citrus psyllid, of particular interest given the potential for control of psyllid behavior through manipulation of its bacterial endosymbionts. The Wolbachia draft genome was assembled and contigs aligned using the wPip strain from mosquito, its closest relative among completed Wolbachia genome sequences. OrthoMCL analysis of the annotated draft genome sequence confirmed the presence of 670 genes common to all sequenced Wolbachia genomes. Candidate host interaction factors include 54 predicted ankyrin proteins hypothesized to play a role in host reproductive manipulation, a Type IV secretion system linked to ankyrin protein export, and a bacterioferritin linked to host iron homeostasis. Several metabolic capabilities were identified in wDi that are absent from Liberibacter\n.\n FtsZ and Wsp phylogenies indicate that the Wolbachia strain in the Florida \nD. citri\n isolate falls into a sub-clade of supergroup B, distinct from Wolbachia present in Chinese \nD. citri\n isolates, supporting the hypothesis that the \nD. citri\n introduced into Florida did not originate from China. The Wolbachia sequence and annotation can be viewed on the CG-HLB Genome Resources Website (http://citrusgreening.org/), together with the sequences of publically available Liberibacter genomes sequenced to date. Future plans involve development of a searchable Liberibacter diagnostic sequence database using the over 1700 publically available \nCa\n. Liberibacter gene sequences.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29589688","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Surya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saha","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dept. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Wayne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hunter","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Magdalen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lindeberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dept. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T20:26:28+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T20:26:28+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41250/galley/30849/download/"}]},{"pk":41251,"title":"Sexual Transmission of a Plant Pathogenic Bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, between Conspecific Insect Vectors during Mating","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Candidatus\n Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is a fastidious, phloem-inhabiting, gram-negative bacterium transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid, \nDiaphorina citri\n Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The bacterium is the presumed causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most destructive and economically important diseases of citrus. In this study, we investigated whether Las is transmitted between infected and uninfected \nD. citri \nadults during courtship. Our results demonstrate that Las is sexually transmitted from Las-infected male \nD. citri\n to uninfected females at a low rate (4%) during mating. Sexual transmission was not observed following mating of infected females and uninfected males or among adult pairs of the same sex. Las was detected in genitalia of both sexes and in eggs of infected females. A minimum latent period of 7 days was required to detect the bacterium in recipient females. Rod shaped and spherical structures resembling Las were observed in ovaries of Las-infected females with transmission electron microscopy, but were absent in ovaries from uninfected \nD. citri\n females. The size of the rod shaped structures varied from 0.39 to 0.67 mm in length and 0.19 to 0.39 mm in width. The spherical structures measured from 0.61 to 0.80 mm in diameter. This investigation provides convincing evidence that a plant pathogenic bacterium is sexually transmitted from male to female insects during courtship and established evidence that bacteria persist in reproductive organs. Moreover, these findings provide an alternative sexually horizontal mechanism for the spread of Las within populations of \nD. citri\n, even in the absence of infected host plants.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sf1v8nc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kirsten","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Pelz-Stelinski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850 USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rajinder","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Mann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850 USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Hermann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850 USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Siddharth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tiwari","name_suffix":"","institution":"Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850 USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lukasz","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Stelinski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850 USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-25T20:28:15+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-25T20:28:15+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41251/galley/30850/download/"}]},{"pk":19631,"title":"Siete poetas franciscanos hispano-filipinos","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Siete poetas franciscanos hispano-filipinos","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s3573sk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cayetano","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sánchez Fuertes, O.F.M.","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-04T19:39:03+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-04T19:39:03+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transmodernity/article/19631/galley/9718/download/"}]},{"pk":41224,"title":"Single chain antibodies against ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Antibodies are widely used as microbiological reagents, but antibodies that recognize ‘\nCa\n. Liberibacter asiaticus’ are generally lacking. We have developed and applied immunization and affinity screening methods to create a primary library of recombinant single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies in an M13 vector, pKM19. The antibody population is enriched for antibodies that bind antigens of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ and \nDiaphorina citri\n. The primary library has more than 107 unique antibodies and the genes that encode them. We have screened this library of antibodies for antibodies that bind to specifically chosen proteins that are present on the surface of ‘\nCa\n. Liberibacter asiaticus’. These proteins were used as ‘bait’ for affinity-based selection of scFvs that bind to the major outer membrane protein, OmpA; the polysaccharide capsule expressing protein KpsF; a protein component of the type IV pilus (CapF); and two flagellar proteins FlhA and FlgI. These scFvs have been used in ELISA and dot blot assays against purified protein antigens and ‘\nCa\n. Liberibacter asiaticus’ infected plant extracts. We also have isolated scFv that bind to surface exposed portions of the TolC proteins and of a protein called InvA. These proteins may have critical roles in pathogenicity. Thus far, screening of these scFvs is more efficient when using phage bound, rather than soluble scFvs. We have demonstrated a technology to produce antibodies and select at will and against any protein target encoded by ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’. Future applications will include advanced diagnostic methods for huanglongbing and the development of immune labeling reagents for in planta applications.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90m9p27n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Q.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yuan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan Province, China","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jordan","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA ARS Beltsville, MD","department":"None"},{"first_name":"R.H.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brlansky","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"O.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Minenkova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sigma Tau Pharmaceutical, Rome, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J.S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hartung","name_suffix":"","institution":"USDA ARS Beltsville, MD","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-20T00:23:26+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-20T00:23:26+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41224/galley/30823/download/"}]},{"pk":63763,"title":"Slimy Subjects and Neoliberal Goods: Obama and the Children of Fanon","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article documents the various metaphors that have been used to depict mixed-race individuals as animalistic, infantile, or commodified subjects in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In doing so, McNeil’s article reveals the discordant affinities between the politics and poetics of Frantz Fanon and anti-colonial intellectuals in the 1950s and 60s. It also calls attention to postcolonial theorists who emphasize Fanon’s continuing relevance in the fight against neocolonialism and neoliberalism in the twenty-first century. Moreover, McNeil’s analysis not only brings into sharp focus the carefully constructed civility of contemporary politicians and journalists who seek to distance themselves from Fanon’s trenchant radicalism but also encourages further reflection on the language and style of academic debates in critical mixed race studies.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"racially mixed people"},{"word":"mixed race studies"},{"word":"critical mixed race studies"},{"word":"critical race studies"},{"word":"multiracial studies"},{"word":"critical multiracial studies"},{"word":"Black Atlantic"},{"word":"Frantz Fanon"},{"word":"Barack Obama"},{"word":"anticolonial"},{"word":"postcolonial"},{"word":"neoliberalism"},{"word":"multiculturalism."}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zd330bh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"McNeil","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-27T14:34:59+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-27T14:34:59+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jcmrs/article/63763/galley/48966/download/"}]},{"pk":6020,"title":"Socialized: An Investigation into How the Phrase \"As If\" Is Used in Henry James's Novel What Maisie Knew","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Socialized: An Investigation into How the Phrase \"As If\" Is Used in Henry James's Novel What Maisie Knew","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54v548w0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Doyle","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-11-23T05:54:48+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-11-23T05:54:48+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/6020/galley/3658/download/"}]},{"pk":41298,"title":"Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides for Control of Asian citrus psyllid in Newly Planted Citrus Trees","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Orchard renewal is a special challenge where HLB is endemic. Young trees are especially susceptible to the disease and continuously attractive to the psyllid vector due to frequent flushing. Heavy reliance is placed on systemic insecticides to protect young trees. However, all presently labeled for citrus are neonicotinoids (IRAC Group 4a) making resistance likely and the long term viability of this strategy questionable. Rotation partners are needed to forestall selection for resistance. Therefore, we conducted a multiyear study to evaluate rotations of neonicotinoid insecticides rotated with cyantraniliprole a Group 28 insecticide in a block of ‘Hamlin’ orange on ‘US802’ rootstock planted in May 2010. Four treatment programs using two rates of Verimark 20 SC, rotated with Platinum 75 and Admire Pro in two different sequences were compared to an untreated check in an RCBD with 4 replicates. Adult psyllid populations were monitored monthly and immatures counted when natural flush was present. Incidence of HLB was assessed by PCR in Aug 2011, and Jan, May and Aug 2012. Psyllid populations on treated trees averaged 1.43 per tap compared to a range of 0 to 0.8 on treated trees. Incidence of HLB reached 29% in Aug 2011 on untreated trees compared to 0-8.3% on treated trees. In May 2012 these numbers had increased to 67 % and 11-26% respectively. Diameter of scions was 33% larger on treated trees in Sep 2012. Although effective, the 90 day treatment regimen was not enough to protect trees from HLB and additional strategies are necessary.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jb0c68b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Phil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stansly","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Barry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kostyk","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-17T08:52:05+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-17T08:52:05+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41298/galley/30897/download/"}]},{"pk":41336,"title":"Spatial Imaging of Zinc and Other Elements in Huanglongbing-affected Grapefruit by Microscopically Focused Synchrotron X-Ray Investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive, fast spreading disease of citrus that causes substantial economic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Nutrient levels and their cellular distribution patterns in HLB-affected grapefruit were analyzed after graft-inoculation with infected lemon scions containing ‘\nCandidatus Liberibacter\n asiaticus’, the heat-tolerant Asian type of HLB bacterium. After 12 months, infected plants showed typical HLB symptoms including leaf curling and blotchy mottle on leaves. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in young, mature, and old leaves of grapefruit significantly decreased by HLB infection. Micro-XRF imaging of Zn and other elements showed that preferential distribution of Zn was observed in the phloem tissues of leaves and stems collected from healthy grapefruit plants but was absent from HLB-affected samples. Quantitative analysis of Zn intensity in the cross-sections of leaves using standard samples revealed that Zn concentration in phloem tissues of healthy grapefruit leaves was more than 10 times higher than that in the HLB-affected leaves. No significant variation was observed in the distribution patterns of other elements such as K and Ca in stems and leaves of grapefruit plants before or after graft-inoculation withHLB infected lemon scions. These results suggest that reduced phloem transport of Zn is one of the most important constraints that contribute to HLB-induced Zn deficiency in citrus such as grapefruit. Our report provides the first \nin situ \nvisualization of elements’ variation within the tissues of HLB-infected citrus at cellular level.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Abstracts of Presentations at the 3rd International Research Conference on Huanglongbing","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69r912ms","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Z.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Tian","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"L.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","department":"None"},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"Q.","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River REC, Fort Pierce, USA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-19T01:09:40+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-19T01:09:40+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41336/galley/30935/download/"}]},{"pk":56462,"title":"Stephen Biko and the Torture Aesthetic","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Stephen Biko’s death in South Africa in 1977 under the apartheidregime has become an iconic event for the global human-rightscommunity for whom he is an international symbol. In the aestheticrealm—in works of art in a wide variety of forms including poetry,drama, popular song, film, and visual arts—his memory has beenkept alive for over three decades. This essay focuses on three popular,transnational works of art that lay claim on global audiencesto participate in an idealized universal citizenship founded on anobjection to torture that is both the assumption and motivation fortheir art. Peter Gabriel’s 1980 song “Biko,” Richard Attenborough’s1987 film “Cry Freedom,” and Saira Essa and Charles Pillai’s 1985documentary play Steve Biko: The Inquest each in its own formalregister (song, film, play), memorializes torture to produce an iconographyof political martyrdom that I will call the torture aesthetic.Biko iconography stands here as a particularly potent example of alarger trend within aesthetic practices in which a historical exampleof brutality is invoked to activate audiences and to raise concernswithin human rights discourse itself.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays / Articles Part I: Re-understanding Biko, Mandela and Memory","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1854j3hz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eide","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M University","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-12-14T04:25:30+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-12-14T04:25:30+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56462/galley/42870/download/"}]},{"pk":63756,"title":"Stephen Murphy-Shigematsu, When Half Is Whole: Multiethnic Asian Americans Identities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review of Stephen Murphy-Shigematsu's \nWhen Half Is Whole: Multiethnic Asian Americans Identities.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"racially mixed people"},{"word":"mixed Asian Americans"},{"word":"mixed-race Asian Americans"},{"word":"multiethnic Asian Americans"},{"word":"multiracial Asian Americans"},{"word":"multiracial identity"},{"word":"mixed race studies"},{"word":"critical mixed race studies"},{"word":"multiracial studies, critical multiracial studies."}],"section":"Book & Media Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cm7m8dp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Miki","middle_name":"Ward","last_name":"Crawford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio University Southern Campus","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-27T03:50:14+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-27T03:50:14+01:00","date_published":"2014-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jcmrs/article/63756/galley/48959/download/"}]}]}