{"count":38415,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=29300","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=29100","results":[{"pk":3968,"title":"Drama","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Drama is to be understood as a subset of performance involving verbal and physical interaction between two or more persons. Finding evidence for this activity in ancient Egyptian sources is challenging, but not without results. Dramatic texts appear to cluster between the 26th Dynasty and the Roman Period up to the second century CE and may point to the influence of Hellenic culture.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"performance"},{"word":"art"},{"word":"ritual"},{"word":"oral tradition"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Social and Cultural Anthropology"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tv88003","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gillam","name_suffix":"","institution":"York University, Toronto","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-02-28T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-02-28T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-10-11T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3968/galley/2544/download/"}]},{"pk":3962,"title":"Wooden Statuary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Wood was a widely used material for sculpture in ancient Egypt from the earliest times. It was mostly native timber, but from the New Kingdom onwards, sculptors also used imported wood species. The majority of extant examples are from funerary contexts, found in both private and royal tombs, although the art of fine wood carving was also employed for furniture and other ritual objects.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Funerary cult"},{"word":"serdab"},{"word":"model"},{"word":"shabti"},{"word":"votive"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65m484sn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harvey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-12-14T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2007-12-14T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-10-11T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3962/galley/2538/download/"}]},{"pk":3953,"title":"Seafaring","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Seafaring either to or from Egypt cannot be specifically documented before the Old Kingdom, but evidence points to the possibility of sea contact between Egypt and the Syro-Palestinian coast in the Early Dynastic Period, and it is not implausible to suggest that such contacts could have been established in the Predynastic Period or earlier. Egypt’s wooden boat-building industry appears to extend back that far, and while all currently available evidence is oriented towards Nile River shipping, there is no obvious reason why Predynastic Egyptian vessels could not have navigated coastal waters, as Mesolithic and Neolithic Aegean watercraft certainly did. Old Kingdom texts and images confirm seafaring on both the Mediterranean and Red Seas, and this activity continued throughout documented Egyptian history. By the Roman Period, Egypt was the nexus of a far-flung international maritime system that tied the Mediterranean to distant ports in East Africa, Arabia, and India.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"transportation"},{"word":"Trade"},{"word":"relations"},{"word":"sea"},{"word":"shipping"},{"word":"boat"},{"word":"navy"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Art History, Criticism and Conservation"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Individual and Society","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d93885v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steve","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University, Bloomington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-09-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2007-09-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-21T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3953/galley/2529/download/"}]},{"pk":56823,"title":"African Mosaic","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2688x8tn","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-09-28T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-28T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56823/galley/43124/download/"}]},{"pk":56826,"title":"Alienation and Revolutionary Vision in East  African Post-Colonial Dramatic Literature","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper is a trans-disciplinary inquiry into the principles of alienation and revolutionary ethos in two East African plays of postcolonial society. It engages literary-textual exegesis and sociological theories to unravel the multi-dimensional forms of alienation as an interrogation of contemporary postcolonial history. The writers, though somewhat in throes and dilemma of exilic consciousness, ‘commodify’ and appropriate the literary enterprise as weapon of active physical revolt and textual indignation against the post-independent maladies and conditions of alienation. We discover a paradigm shift from obvious ironic strain of political, economic dissonance and use of prison as metaphor for psychic/physical and spatial dislocation in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi to religio-genic instrument of oppression, exploitation and revolutionary fervor in I Will Mary When I Want. While the latter play x-rays the combative struggle of the mau-mau warriors for an end to colonialism, the former deploys the resources of ‘reversed-alienation’ and nostalgia to enact a melodrama of psychic and intellectual rebellion against the African capitalists of post-colonial Kenya. Thus, African drama is an active participant in the critical, ideological and sociological transactions of historical materialism in post-colonial Kenya.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"East African plays"},{"word":"Postcolonial"},{"word":"physical and textual revolt"},{"word":"economic dissonance"},{"word":"African capitalists"},{"word":"Historical Materialism"},{"word":"alienation"},{"word":"revolutionary"},{"word":"Melodrama"},{"word":"Rebellion"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63k8d46k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nelson O.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fashina","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa.","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-22T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-07-22T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56826/galley/43127/download/"}]},{"pk":56825,"title":"Artifacts as Social Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Traditional Urhobo Society of Nigeria's Niger Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Traditional Urhobo society attempts to achieve stability by resolving personal and public social conflicts. The mechanisms employed for this include using art objects in rituals.  No detailed scholarly attention, however, seems to have been given to identifying and classifying these conflict-resolution devices in previous studies of the art and culture histories of the Urhobo. In this paper, the social conflict situations prevalent in Urhobo traditional society and their resolution mechanisms are examined. Three categories of social conflicts and two resolution mechanisms are identified and classified.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"artifacts"},{"word":"Conflict Resolution"},{"word":"Urhobo Society"},{"word":"Criminology"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80v732qx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abel","middle_name":"Mac","last_name":"Diakparomre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Delta State University, Abraka - Nigeria","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-10T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2009-02-10T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56825/galley/43126/download/"}]},{"pk":56821,"title":"Editors' Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Editors' Introduction","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sg4z294","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foulds","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Pojar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-12-03T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2009-12-03T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56821/galley/43122/download/"}]},{"pk":56824,"title":"Kidnapping: An Underreported Aspect of African Agency During the Slave Trade Era (1440-1886)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the issue of African agency—that is, the active involvement by some of continental Africa’s indigenous inhabitants, i.e., members of various ethnic, religious, and cultural communities—in aiding and abetting the European slave traders during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade era (1440-1886).  They committed innumerable acts of kidnapping on their neighbors with whom they cohabited the sub-Saharan regions of the African continent: western, central, and to a lesser extent, eastern.  There exist in some current societies memories of their past enslaving activities for which they have created various ceremonies to atone for their ancestors' predacious practices.\n\n\nMany of the abducted unfortunates, besides being incorporated into the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, were sold into other slavery systems as well, i.e., the Trans-Saharan, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and the ubiquitous internal networks for which there is a dearth of verifiable documentation translated into English.\n\n\nThis lack of written records reflecting the numbers of humans absorbed into these systems means that there will never be an accurate accounting; however the European slave-ship captains maintained fairly good ship -logs of their slave purchases for the duration of the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade system era, deficient in some aspects, they nevertheless provide a general picture of the enterprise from the mid-fifteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"African"},{"word":"Arts and Humanities"},{"word":"History"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kf4m24x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Felton","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Perry","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-22T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-07-22T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56824/galley/43125/download/"}]},{"pk":56822,"title":"Mother Africa","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Mother Africa","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tq8b4kk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nebila","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abdulmelik","name_suffix":"","institution":"university of california los angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-28T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-28T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56822/galley/43123/download/"}]},{"pk":56827,"title":"Review: Promoting the African Union","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review: Promoting the African Union","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"African Union"},{"word":"African politics"},{"word":"Pan-Africanism"},{"word":"African economic development"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hd0060j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Katharine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stuffelbeam","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-18T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-07-18T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56827/galley/43128/download/"}]},{"pk":56828,"title":"Review: The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan 1983-1989","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Sudan"},{"word":"famine"},{"word":"relief policy"},{"word":"political economy"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hk1n4vq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allison","middle_name":"A","last_name":"DePasquale","name_suffix":"","institution":"Univesity of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-08-06T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-08-06T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56828/galley/43129/download/"}]},{"pk":3969,"title":"Pottery Production","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pottery represents one of the earliest complex technologies—that of changing a plastic material, clay, into an aplastic material, ceramic, more colloquially known as pottery. In order to produce pottery it is necessary to obtain clay, either from a water course or sometimes by mining, and to process it by adding “opening materials” (“temper”) to improve its working properties, or by removing materials such as calcite. Egyptologists recognize two broad types of clay, that containing silt from the Nile River and the calcareous marl clays obtained from the desert. The clay, or mixture of clay and other materials, is then shaped either by hand-forming, using the potter’s wheel, or by molding. The finished form is then dried. This is the last point at which the potter could rework the material by simply adding water to it. Once dry, the material is fired either in the open or in a kiln. Firing leads to the fusion of the clay platelets, which renders the material aplastic. It is the sherds of this aplastic material that are most commonly encountered in the archaeological record.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"ceramics"},{"word":"kiln"},{"word":"craft"},{"word":"clay"},{"word":"production"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nq7k84p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Nicholson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales, Cardiff","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-03T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-03-03T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-09-09T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3969/galley/2545/download/"}]},{"pk":43399,"title":"Cultural Nationalism, Orientalism, Imperial Ambivalence: The \nColored American Magazine\n and Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This essay examines African American novelist Pauline Hopkins’s deployment of the trope of respectable domesticity to contest black disenfranchisement in the context of African Americans’ ambivalent relationship to late-nineteenth-century US imperial expansion in the Asia Pacific.  This essay analyzes \nContending Forces\n (1900) in relation to two crucial yet underexplored contexts: first, Hopkins’s commentaries on international race relations; second, African American intellectuals’ commentaries on US imperial ventures in the Asia Pacific and on Chinese immigration in the \nColored American Magazine\n, where Hopkins’s fictional works were serialized.  Situated within these contexts of comparative racialization,  Hopkins’s works offer critical responses to the masculine nationalist representations of black–Asian relations, illuminating the divisive effects of nationalist identification on differentially racialized subjects, the uneven effects of marriage on the black community, and this institution’s structural ties to imperialism and to the color-based class hierarchy within the imagined black community—all of which call for radical reimagining of race relations beyond the nation form.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins"},{"word":"US Imperialism"},{"word":"Asia Pacific"},{"word":"interracial relations"},{"word":"marriage"},{"word":"Black Orientalism"},{"word":"American Studies"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x5280hq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yu-Fang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cho","name_suffix":"","institution":"Miami University of Ohio","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-02T10:27:03+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-02T10:27:03+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-02T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/43399/galley/32310/download/"}]},{"pk":62447,"title":"Literature Review of Unconsolidated Sediment in San Francisco Bay and Nearby Pacific Ocean Coast","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A review of the geologic literature regarding sedimentation in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system shows that the main part of the bay occupies a structural tectonic depression that developed in Pleistocene time. Eastern parts, including San Pablo Bay and Suisun Bay, have had sedimentation throughout late Mesozoic and Tertiary. Carquinez Strait and the Golden Gate may represent antecedent stream erosion. Sedimentation has included estuarine, alluvial, and eolian deposition. The ages of estuarine deposition includes the modern high sea level stand and earlier Pleistocene interglacial periods. Sediment sources can be generally divided into the Coast Ranges, particularly the Franciscan Complex, and “Sierran.” Much of the estuarine system is floored by very fine sediment, with local areas of sand floor. Near the Golden Gate, sediment size decreases in both directions away from the deep channel. Bedforms include sand waves (submarine dunes), flat beds, and rock and boulders. These are interpreted in terms of dominant transport directions. Near the Golden Gate is an ebb-tidal delta on the outside (including San Francisco bar) and a flood-tidal delta on the inside (parts of Central Bay). The large tidal prism causes strong tidal currents, which in the upper part of the estuary are normally much stronger than river currents, except during large floods.  Cultural influences have altered conditions, including hydraulic mining debris, blasting of rocks, dredging of navigation channels, filling of the bay, and commercial sand mining. Many of these have served to decrease the tidal prism, correspondingly decreasing the strength of tidal currents.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"tectonic depression"},{"word":"estuarine"},{"word":"alluvial"},{"word":"sources"},{"word":"grain size"},{"word":"bedforms"},{"word":"glacial"},{"word":"tidal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rh9t1jj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barry","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Keller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keller Hydrogeophysicist","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-10-08T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-10-08T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-02T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62447/galley/48276/download/"}]},{"pk":62448,"title":"Old School vs. New School: Status of Threadfin Shad (\nDorosoma petenense\n) Five Decades After Its Introduction to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Threadfin shad (\nDorosoma petenense\n) is a schooling pelagic forage fish native to watersheds of the Gulf Coast of North America. Around 1962 it invaded the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta from upstream reservoirs, where it was stocked to support sport fisheries. It quickly became, and continues to be, one of the most abundant fishes collected by ongoing monitoring programs in the delta. A substantial portion of the delta provides suitable abiotic habitat and so the species is widely distributed. However, in routine sampling it is most commonly collected and most abundant in the southeastern delta, where suitable abiotic habitat (relatively deep, clear water with low flow) coincides with high prey abundance.  Apparent growth rate appears to be relatively fast with summer-spawned age-0 fish attaining fork lengths of 70 to 90 mm by the onset of winter.  During fall months (September through December) apparent growth rate of age-0 fish has exhibited no long-term trend but has been negatively related to abundance, suggesting that density-dependent factors may be important to the population.  Although abundance has fluctuated since its introduction almost five decades ago, it has recently dropped to persistent near-record lows since 2002, which has been coincident with similar declines for other pelagic species in the delta.  The recent decline is apparent in two long-term monitoring programs, fish salvaged from the diversions of the state and federal water projects, and commercial fishing harvest.  It appears that the decline is, at least in part, a function of fewer and smaller schools of threadfin shad encountered relative to the past. There was little evidence from the data examined for consistent stock-recruit or stage-recruit effects on the population. It is likely that a combination of abiotic and biotic factors regionally-focused where threadfin shad are most abundant, which may sometimes be episodic in nature, have a large effect on abundance. Focused studies and sampling of threadfin shad are lacking but are necessary in order to better understand population dynamics in the delta.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Dorosoma petenense"},{"word":"baitfish"},{"word":"clupeidae"},{"word":"San Francisco Estuary"},{"word":"pelagic organism decline"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dt6p4bv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Frederick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feyrer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Applied Science Branch, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","department":""},{"first_name":"Ted","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sommer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aquatic Ecology Section, California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Slater","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long-Term Monitoring Unit, California Department of Fish and Game","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-24T08:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-03-24T08:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-09-02T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62448/galley/48277/download/"}]},{"pk":62450,"title":"Quantifying Activated Floodplains on a Lowland Regulated River: Its Application to Floodplain Restoration in the Sacramento Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We describe a process and methodology for quantifying the extent of a type of historically prevalent, but now relatively rare, ecologically-valuable floodplains in the Sacramento lowland river system: frequently-activated floodplains. We define a specific metric the “Floodplain Activation Flow” (FAF), which is the smallest flood pulse event that initiates substantial beneficial ecological processes when associated with floodplain inundation. The “Activated Floodplain” connected to the river is then determined by comparison of FAF stage with floodplain topography. This provides a simple definition of floodplain that can be used as a planning, goal setting, monitoring, and design tool by resource managers since the FAF event is the smallest flood and corresponding floodplain area with ecological functionality—and is necessarily also inundated in larger flood events, providing additional ecological functions. For the Sacramento River we selected a FAF definition to be the river stage that occurs in two out of three years for at least seven days in the mid-March to mid-May period and \"Activated Floodplains\" to be those lands inundated at that stage. We analyzed Activated Floodplain area for four representative reaches along the lower Sacramento River and the Yolo Bypass using stream gauge data. Three of the most significant conclusions are described: (1) The area of active functional floodplain is likely to be less than commonly assumed based on extent of riparian vegetation; (2) Levee setbacks may not increase the extent of this type of ecologically-productive floodplain without either hydrologic or topographic changes; (3) Within the Yolo Bypass, controlled releases through the Fremont Weir could maximize the benefits associated with Activated Floodplain without major reservoir re-operation or grading. This approach identifies a significant opportunity to integrate floodplain restoration with flood management by establishing a FAF stage metric as an engineering design criterion alongside the commonly-used 100-year flood stage for flood hazard reduction.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Floodplain restoration"},{"word":"functional floodplains"},{"word":"activated floodplains"},{"word":"floodplain activation flood"},{"word":"response indicator"},{"word":"design criteria"},{"word":"regulated river"},{"word":"reservoir re-operation"},{"word":"Sacramento River"},{"word":"Yolo Bypass"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sn8r310","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Andrews","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Jeff","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Opperman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis and The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Setenay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bozkurt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Moyle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Watershed Sciences, Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-04T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-04-04T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-02T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62450/galley/48278/download/"}]},{"pk":62446,"title":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science\n: Next Steps","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Abstracts are not presented with Editorials. -SFEWS Editors","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Editorial board"},{"word":"submission guidelines"},{"word":"California state budget crisis"},{"word":"journal progress"}],"section":"Editorial","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2425t8t5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Luoma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Editor-in-Chief, San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-01T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-01T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-09-02T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62446/galley/48275/download/"}]},{"pk":3949,"title":"Ostrich Eggshell","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Ostriches were hunted in Egypt from the earliest times. From their eggshells beads, pendants, and vessels were manufactured. Decorated eggshells were used from the Predynastic Period onward and seem to have a religious meaning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"container"},{"word":"ceremonial"},{"word":"beads"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Art History, Criticism and Conservation"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tm87064","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacke","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"School for Oriental and African Studies, London","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-08-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2007-08-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-31T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3949/galley/2525/download/"}]},{"pk":4007,"title":"Mud-Brick","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Made from a mixture of silt, clay, sand, and straw formed into regular molded units, unfired mud-bricks were the primary construction material employed in ancient Egypt—being quite literally the most basic of building blocks for all levels of domestic structures, from simple one-room buildings to lavishly decorated palace complexes, as well as administrative and storage structures, and even early phases of temples. Modern methods of mud-brick fabrication accord with ancient evidence, suggesting that the production of unfired mud-brick has remained a stable technology through the millennia. Ancient evidence concerning mud-brick not only illuminates mud-brick production organization, but also highlights the symbolic significance of bricks in religious contexts, especially relating to birth and death.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"mud brick"},{"word":"sun dried brick"},{"word":"unfired brick"},{"word":"adobe"},{"word":"domestic architecture"},{"word":"palace"},{"word":"house"},{"word":"mold"},{"word":"construction material"},{"word":"production"},{"word":"birth brick"},{"word":"magic brick"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Other Architecture"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v84d6rh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Virginia L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Emery","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of 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The present article, based on research in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, redresses this imbalance by showing an “up close and personal” view of a classical den site.  It shows first how to respect the security and privacy of the animals, and then how to recognize and interpret the basic elements of a site such as pathways, den openings, and tracks. This kind of look at the “material culture” of a typical pack can replace ideology and fantasy about the species with respect, awe, and intimacy, and so help to form a corresponding “pack” of knowledgeable stakeholders committed to its preservation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Endangered Species"},{"word":"gray wolf"},{"word":"tracking"},{"word":"Montana"},{"word":"Idaho"},{"word":"Wyoming"}],"section":"Research Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d6366ss","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kowalewski","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-08-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-08-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39097/galley/29522/download/"}]},{"pk":39098,"title":"The Political History of Federal Land Exchanges","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores land exchanges as an integral part of federal natural resources policy. The purpose of this essay is to present a broad historical and political overview of the policies regarding federal land exchanges. A second important purpose of this essay is to review the acts of official malfeasance that have surrounded federal land exchanges since the beginning. We argue that land exchanges must be understood in the broader context of the expansionist character of the U.S. as a developing nation and the later attempts to conserve natural resources; and, the policies supporting that expansion must be seen through the catalyst of constitutional and statutory law. Land exchanges policy is the product of history and its economic dynamics.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Federal Land Exchanges"},{"word":"FLPMA"},{"word":"Equal Value"},{"word":"Policy History"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ss162d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Giancarlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Panagia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University - Purdue University - Indianapolis","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39098/galley/29523/download/"}]},{"pk":3966,"title":"Palettes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Flat stone palettes for the grinding of pigments are particularly associated with Predynastic Egypt, when they were made almost exclusively of mudstone and were formed into distinctive geometric and zoomorphic shapes. Ceremonial palettes of the late Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods are linked with the emerging ideology of kingship, and are especially elaborate, as they are often decorated with carved relief over the entire surface. Following the Early Dynastic period, the importance of palettes diminishes significantly.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"cosmetic"},{"word":"minerals"},{"word":"ceremonial"},{"word":"functional"},{"word":"kingship"},{"word":"grey-wacke"},{"word":"predynastic"},{"word":"Early Dynastic"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dh0x2n0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stevenson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-02-15T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-02-15T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-10T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3966/galley/2542/download/"}]},{"pk":3971,"title":"Dance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"According to the Egyptian iconographical and textual sources, dance is performed by animals, human beings (dwarfs, men, women, and children appear in the reliefs), the bas of Pe, the deceased king or individual, the living king in a divine role, and gods and goddesses. Problems concerning the classification, representation, and interpretation of dance in ancient Egypt are addressed here by structuring our knowledge through a focus on the performer, resulting in an overview of the dancer, the occasion of the performance, the location of the performance, and the imagined space that the dancing produces. These four criteria can be attested in natural-environmental, royal, funeral, and religious-festival contexts. The ancient Egyptian perceived dance in relation to leisure activities, gendered space, and also the negotiation of liminal space.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"dance"},{"word":"ritual"},{"word":"Religion"},{"word":"Festival"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Social and Cultural Anthropology"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5142h0db","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Meyer-Dietrich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-05-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-05-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-07T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3971/galley/2547/download/"}]},{"pk":17035,"title":"Approach to Working the Night Shift","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z5921h2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sharon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17035/galley/8611/download/"}]},{"pk":16963,"title":"Balancing Potency of Platelet Inhibition with Bleeding Risk in the Early Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review available evidence and examine issues surrounding the use of advanced antiplatelet therapy in an effort to provide a practical guide for emergency physicians caring for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).\n\n\nData Sources: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), AHA/ACC 2007 focused update for the management of patients with STEMI, selected clinical articles identified through the PubMed database (1965-February 2008), and manual searches for relevant articles identified from those retrieved.\n\n\nStudy Selection: English-language controlled studies and randomized clinical trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapy in treating patients with all ACS manifestations.\n\n\nData Extraction and Synthesis: Clinical data, including treatment regimens and patient demographics and outcomes, were extracted and critically analyzed from the selected studies and clinical trials. Pertinent data from relevant patient registries were also evaluated to assess current clinical practice.\n\n\nConclusions: As platelet activation and aggregation are central to ACS pathology, antiplatelet agents are critical to early treatment. A widely accepted first-line treatment is aspirin, which acts to decrease platelet activation via inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thienopyridines, which inhibit ADP-induced platelet activation, and glycoprotein (GP) receptor antagonists, which bind to platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptors and hinder their role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, provide complementary mechanisms of platelet inhibition and are often employed in combination with aspirin. While the higher levels of platelet inhibition that accompany combination therapy improve protection against ischemic and peri-procedural events, the risk of bleeding is also increased. Thus, the challenge in choosing appropriate therapy in the emergency department lies in balancing the need for potent platelet inhibition with the potential for increased risk of bleeding and future interventions the patient is likely to receive during the index hospitalization.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:163-175.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"acute coronary syndrome"},{"word":"antiplatelet agents"},{"word":"atherosclerosis"},{"word":"blood platelets"},{"word":"myocardial infarction"},{"word":"Thrombosis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hv750b9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Slattery","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Las Vegas, NV","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"V","last_name":"Pollack","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, PA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-08-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-08-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16963/galley/8579/download/"}]},{"pk":17034,"title":"California Medical Association and Emergency Medicine - A Vital Link","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37r4j6xw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lieser","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17034/galley/8610/download/"}]},{"pk":17030,"title":"Carnage in Sacramento","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74b0m1rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brosnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"CAL/ACEP Policy & Advocacy Fellow; Associate Director of Provider Relations, CEP","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17030/galley/8608/download/"}]},{"pk":5264,"title":"Chronic Pain, Memory, and Injury: Evolutionary Clues from Snail and Rat Nociceptors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The sensory component of chronic pain is amenable to comparative study and evolutionaryinterpretations. Pain is usually initiated by activation of nociceptors, which detect damaging stimuli.A comparison of rats and a marine snail, Aplysia, shows that nociceptors in each group satisfy thesame functional definition and exhibit similar functional alterations, including persistenthyperexcitability and synaptic potentiation following noxious stimulation. These alterations are alsoassociated with conventional learning and memory. Because of the ancient divergence of theselineages, some similarities probably reflect independent evolution. However, the molecular signalslinked thus far to known forms of long-term neuronal plasticity represent homologous processes thatare found in all metazoan cells. Persistent plasticity mechanisms now used for chronic pain andmemory may have evolved originally in the earliest neurons by selective recruitment of core cellsignaling and effector systems for neuronal repair, sensory compensation, and protective functionsrelated to peripheral injury.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Pain"},{"word":"memory"},{"word":"Snail"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"Nociception"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz8q9r2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edgar","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Walters","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T04:05:13+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T04:05:13+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5264/galley/3143/download/"}]},{"pk":16999,"title":"Counter-Point: Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: Meeting Society’s Needs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z3847tg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"A","last_name":"McPheeters","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-24T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2009-02-24T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16999/galley/8596/download/"}]},{"pk":16953,"title":"Factors Applicants Value when Selecting an Emergency Medicine Residency","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: Little is known about the factors important to applicants when selecting an emergency medicine residency. We sought to identify which residency-specific criteria applicants value in selecting a training program.\n\n\nMethods: We conducted an anonymous survey of emergency medicine interviewees at our residency. Applicants were asked to rate each of 18 factors on a four-point scale from 1 (“not at all important”) to 4 (“very important”) in their selection of a residency.\n\n\nResults: Of 82 interviewees, 73 (89%) completed the survey. The factors with the top six mean scores were: how happy the residents seemed (3.9), program personality (3.8), faculty enthusiasm (3.7), geographic location (3.6), experience during interview day (3.5), and pediatrics training (3.5).\n\n\nConclusion: The top three factors deemed most important to emergency medicine applicants are primarily intangibles, while programs have no control over the fourth most important factor, location.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:159-162.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Graduate Medical Education"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Internship and Residency"},{"word":"Interviews"},{"word":"personnel selection"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86k6p9wq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lalena","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine and the Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"DeIorio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine and the Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Lowe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Portland, OR","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-06-24T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16953/galley/8578/download/"}]},{"pk":16991,"title":"Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: Risky Business","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Frequent"},{"word":"user"},{"word":"emergency"},{"word":"department"},{"word":"risks"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q24s4gw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Casey","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Grover","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Reb","middle_name":"JH","last_name":"Close","name_suffix":"","institution":"Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula, Department of Emergency Medicine, Monterey, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-25T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-25T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16991/galley/8594/download/"}]},{"pk":16986,"title":"Iatrogenic Digital Compromise with Tubular Dressings","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: This case report describes a digit amputation resulting from an improperly applied tubular dressing. The safe application of digital tubular dressings, and the rationale behind it, is detailed to raise emergency physician (EP) awareness.\n\n\nMethods: We present a case report of a recent iatrogenic-induced digit ischemia caused by improperly applied tube gauze. We review the literature on the subject and the likely sources of poor outcomes presented. The proper application of tubular gauze dressings is then outlined.\n\n\nConclusion: EPs and emergency department personnel must be educated on the safe application of tubular gauze dressings to avoid dire outcomes associated with improper applications.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:190-192.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Tubegauz"},{"word":"tubular gauze dressings"},{"word":"tubular elastic net digit dressings"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t2594rc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Corre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Ruth and Harry Roman Emergency Department, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alissa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arnold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Ruth and Harry Roman Emergency Department, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16986/galley/8592/download/"}]},{"pk":17016,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Cecal Diverticulitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"diverticulitis"},{"word":"Cecal"},{"word":"Right-Sided"},{"word":"appendicitis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23h7586k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chiles","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"I","last_name":"Langdorf","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-09T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-04-09T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17016/galley/8605/download/"}]},{"pk":17014,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Infected Thyroglossal Duct Cyst","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Thyroglossal duct"},{"word":"Cyst"},{"word":"Infection"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn479v7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Deaver","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-26T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-06-26T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17014/galley/8603/download/"}]},{"pk":17004,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Irritant Contact Dermatitis from Jet Fuel","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"jet fuel exposure"},{"word":"irritant dermatitis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k84b16n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Trigger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Wesley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eilbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-08-12T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-08-12T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17004/galley/8600/download/"}]},{"pk":17010,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Sporotrichosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sporotrichosis"},{"word":"Sporothrix schenkii"},{"word":"lymphocutaneous nodule"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kp1w2jf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burns","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Neel","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Kapadia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-03-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17010/galley/8601/download/"}]},{"pk":17021,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: What’s Hot, With Spots and Red All Over? Murine Typhus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Murine Typhus"},{"word":"Rickettsia typhi"},{"word":"rash"},{"word":"fever"},{"word":"Insect vector"},{"word":"Endemic Typhus"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h42m9mq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Gorchynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas, Southwestern, Department of Emergency Medicine; JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Tx","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carlyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Langhorn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Simmons","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-06-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17021/galley/8606/download/"}]},{"pk":5265,"title":"Incentive Relativity and the Specificity of Reward Expectations in Honey Bees","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Honey bees were trained in a proboscis extension response procedure on a high quality reward to one of two odors under one of two contexts and then on a lower quality reward under the alternative context to the alternative odor. The performance decrement induced by the reduced reward, revealed by comparisons with subjects trained continually on the lower reward, was independent of odor context combinations or the order of experience with stimuli. In a second experiment subjects were forward or backward conditioned to a high quality reward or fed unconditionally and then trained ona low reward in a novel context to a novel odor. The observed performance decrement depended only on exposure to the high quality reward. These results suggest that incentive contrast effects arise from a simple mechanism—the comparison of a current incentive with experienced incentives— that is effectively independent of cues that signal a reward.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Reward Expectation"},{"word":"Incentive relativity"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56j7408n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Wiegmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowling Green State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T04:09:22+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T04:09:22+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5265/galley/3144/download/"}]},{"pk":16944,"title":"International Perspective from Saudi Arabia on “Procedural Skills Training During Emergency Medicine Residency: Are We Teaching the Right Things?”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t48z49n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nadeem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qureshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-07T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-07-07T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16944/galley/8576/download/"}]},{"pk":17003,"title":"International Perspective from Singapore on “Methemoglobinemia and Sulfhemoglobinemia in Two Pediatric Patients after Ingestion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cc8715j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hoon","middle_name":"Chin","last_name":"Lim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Changi General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Republic of Singapore","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hock","middle_name":"Heng","last_name":"Tan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Changi General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Republic of Singapore","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-02T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-06-02T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17003/galley/8599/download/"}]},{"pk":16929,"title":"International Perspective from the United Kingdom on “Surgeons’ and Emergency Physicians’ Perceptions of Trauma Management and Training”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"Surgery"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"training"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sx5h6b8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vijayshil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gautam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Associate Dean, Post Graduate Medical Education, London Deanery, University of London","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-02T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-06-02T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16929/galley/8570/download/"}]},{"pk":16913,"title":"International Perspective from Turkey on “Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism in Observation Unit Patients”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72h5m3mm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arif","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Cevik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-06T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-06-06T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16913/galley/8562/download/"}]},{"pk":16923,"title":"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy May Be Transient in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: While research has established that the bedside electrocardiogram (ECG) is an insensitive test for the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the finding, when present, is thought to be reproducible.\n\n\nObjective: To assess the reproducibility of serial ECGs done in the emergency department (ED) with regard to the presence or absence of LVH.\n\n\nMethod: A prospective study on consecutive patients admitted to an ED-run cardiac observation unit. A single reviewer collected and scored ECGs for the presence of LVH, using three established criteria (Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt-Estes). Demographic and medical history was also collected.\n\n\nResults: Over a three-year time period, 295 patients were enrolled; 132 males and 163 females with a mean age of 54.4 years (range, 19-89 years). The prevalence of LVH ranged from 11-14% and the agreement among all three criteria was fair (kappa = 0.325). Using the Cornell criteria, 33 patients had ECG#1 consistent with LVH. Of the patients meeting LVH criteria on ECG #1, only 15 retained their diagnosis of LVH on ECG#2 (i.e. 55% of the LVH identified in ECG#1 was not seen in ECG#2). Additionally, nine patients developed an ECG diagnosis of LVH between ECG#1 and ECG#2. In total, 27 (nine percent of the total) had ECG measurements that changed between ECG#1 and ECG#2. We made similar findings with the Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt-Estes criteria. The results were not modified by gender, blood pressure or medication use.\n\n\nConclusion: The finding of LVH on ECG was not very reproducible during serial measurements on the same person during a single 24-hour observation period.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:140-143]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Ventricular Hypertrophy"},{"word":"ECG"},{"word":"Cardiac Risk Factors"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60p2j50d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Shoenberger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Serineh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Voskanian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Terence","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahern","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"O","last_name":"Henderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-17T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-07-17T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16923/galley/8568/download/"}]},{"pk":16918,"title":"Linear Correlation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure and Volume","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Endotracheal tube cuff (ETTc) inflation by standard methods may result in excessive ETTc pressure. Previous studies have indicated that methods of cuff inflation most frequently used to inflate ETTcs include palpation of the tension in the pilot balloon or injection of a predetermined volume of air to inflate the pilot balloon. If a logarithmic relationship exists between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure, small volumes of additional air will result in dramatic pressure increases after a volume threshold is reached. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure is linear or non-linear.\n\n\nMethods: In this Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved study, we recorded ETTc volume and pressure in four anesthetized and mechanically-ventilated canines ranging between 30-40 pounds (mean 34.7lb, SD 3.8lb) that were endotracheally intubated with a 7.0 mm ETT. The varying cuff pressures associated with a distribution of 28 progressively increasing volumes of air in the ETTc were recorded. Spearman correlation was performed to determine if a linear or non-linear relationship existed between these variables.\n\n\nResults: The Spearman rho coefficient of correlation between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure was 0.969, or approximately 97%, suggesting near-perfect linear relationship between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure over the range of volumes and pressures tested.\n\n\nConclusions: Over the range of volumes and pressures tested a linear relationship between volume and pressure results in no precipitous increase in slope of the pressure:volume curve as volume increases.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:137-139.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"endotracheal"},{"word":"intubation"},{"word":"cuff"},{"word":"pressure"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w90s626","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Hoffman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jefrey","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Dahlen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lipovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kai","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Stürmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brookhaven Memorial Hospital Medical Center, East Patchogue, NY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16918/galley/8566/download/"}]},{"pk":16901,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f91t20k","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16901/galley/8559/download/"}]},{"pk":17002,"title":"Methemoglobinemia and Sulfhemoglobinemia in Two Pediatric Patients after Ingestion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This case report describes two pediatric cases of immediate oxygen desaturation from methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia after one sip from a plastic water bottle containing hydroxylamine sulfate used by a relative to clean shoes. Supplemental oxygen and two separate doses of methylene blue given to one of the patients had no effect on clinical symptoms or pulse oximetry. The patients were admitted to the pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with subsequent improvement after exchange transfusion. Endoscopy showed ulcer formation in one case and sucralafate was initiated; both patients were discharged after a one-week hospital stay. [WestJEM. 2009;10:197-201.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sulfhemoglobinemia"},{"word":"methemoglobinemia"},{"word":"hypoxia"},{"word":"Hydroxylamine sulfate"},{"word":"toxicology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dd4j26k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Laleh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gharahbaghian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bobby","middle_name":"","last_name":"Massoudian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Giancarlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"DiMassa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Beach, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17002/galley/8598/download/"}]},{"pk":16984,"title":"Overcoming Barriers to the Use of Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques (OMT) have been shown to be effective therapeutic modalities in various clinical settings, but appear to be underutilized in the emergency department (ED) setting.\n\n\nObjective: To examine barriers to the use of OMT in the ED and provide suggestions to ameliorate these barriers.\n\n\nMethods: Literature review\n\n\nResults: While the medical literature cites numerous obstacles to the use of OMT in the ED setting, most can be positively addressed through education, careful planning, and ongoing research into use of these techniques. Recent prospective clinical trials of OMT have demonstrated the utility of these modalities.\n\n\nConclusion: Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques are useful therapeutic modalities that could be utilized to a greater degree in the ED. As the number of osteopathic emergency physicians increases, the opportunity to employ these techniques should increase.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:184-189.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"musculoskeletal disorders"},{"word":"acute"},{"word":"barriers"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31547932","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raymond","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Roberge","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Roberge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, PA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-04-16T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16984/galley/8591/download/"}]},{"pk":17024,"title":"President's Message August 2009","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w91x9wk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ingrid","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Lim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; University of California, San Francisco","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17024/galley/8607/download/"}]},{"pk":16937,"title":"Procedural Skills Training During Emergency Medicine Residency: Are We Teaching the Right Things?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The Residency Review Committee training requirements for emergency medicine residents (EM) are defined by consensus panels, with specific topics abstracted from lists of patient complaints and diagnostic codes. The relevance of specific curricular topics to actual practice has not been studied. We compared residency graduates’ self-assessed preparation during training to importance in practice for a variety of EM procedural skills.\n\n\nMethods: We distributed a web-based survey to all graduates of the Denver Health Residency Program in EM over the past 10 years. The survey addressed: practice type and patient census; years of experience; additional procedural training beyond residency; and confidence, preparation, and importance in practice for 12 procedures (extensor tendon repair, transvenous pacing, lumbar puncture, applanation tonometry, arterial line placement, anoscopy, CT scan interpretation, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, slit lamp usage, ultrasonography, compartment pressure measurement and procedural sedation). For each skill, preparation and importance were measured on four-point Likert scales. We compared mean preparation and importance scores using paired sample t-tests, to identify areas of under- or over-preparation.\n\n\nResults: Seventy-four residency graduates (59% of those eligible) completed the survey. There were significant discrepancies between importance in practice and preparation during residency for eight of the 12 skills. Under-preparation was significant for transvenous pacing, CT scan interpretation, slit lamp examinations and procedural sedation. Over-preparation was significant for extensor tendon repair, arterial line placement, peritoneal lavage and ultrasonography. There were strong correlations (r>0.3) between preparation during residency and confidence for 10 of the 12 procedural skills, suggesting a high degree of internal consistency for the survey.\n\n\nConclusions: Practicing emergency physicians may be uniquely qualified to identify areas of under- and over-preparation during residency training. There were significant discrepancies between importance in practice and preparation during residency for eight of 12 procedures. There was a strong correlation between confidence and preparation during residency for almost all procedural skills, re-enforcing the tenet that residency training is the primary locus of instruction for clinical procedures.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:152-156.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"education"},{"word":"Procedures"},{"word":"needs assessment"},{"word":"curriculum"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt1w5q6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Druck","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Morgan","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Valley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Lowenstein","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-31T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-07-31T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16937/galley/8573/download/"}]},{"pk":16977,"title":"Reimbursement for Emergency Department Electrocardiography and Radiograph Interpretations: What Is It Worth for the Emergency Physician","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Physician reimbursement laws for diagnostic interpretive services require that only those services provided contemporaneously and /or contribute directly to patient care can be billed for. Despite these regulations, cardiologists and radiologists in many hospitals continue to bill for ECG and plain film diagnostic services performed in the emergency department (ED). The reimbursement value of this care, which is disconnected in time and place from the ED patient encounter, is unknown. In a California community ED with a 32,000 annual census, the emergency physicians (EPs) alone, by contract, bill for all ECG readings and plain film interpretations when the radiologists are not available to provide contemporaneous readings.\n\n\nObjectives: To determine the impact of this billing practice on actual EP reimbursement we undertook an analysis that allows calculation of physician reimbursement from billing data.\n\n\nMethods: An IRB-approved analysis of 12 months of billing data cleansed of all patient identifiers was undertaken for 2003. From the data we created a descriptive study with itemized breakdown of reimbursement for radiograph and ECG interpretive services (procedures) and the gross resultant physician income.\n\n\nResults: In 2003 EPs at this hospital treated patients during 32,690 ED visits. Total group income in 2003 for radiographs was $173,555 and $91,025 for ECGs, or $19/EP hour and $6/EP hour respectively. For the average full-time EP, the combined total is $2537/month or $30,444 per annum, per EP. This is $8/ED visit (averaged across all patients).\n\n\nConclusion: As EP-reimbursement is challenged by rising malpractice premiums, uninsured patients, HMO contracts, unfunded government mandates and state budgetary shortfalls, EPs are seeking to preserve their patient services and resultant income. They should also be reimbursed for those services and the liability that they incur. The reimbursement value of ECGs and plain film interpretations to the practicing EP is substantial. In the ED studied, it represents $30,444 gross income per full-time EP annually. Plain film interpretation services produce three times the hourly revenue of ECG reading at the hospital studied.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:178-183.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Billing"},{"word":"Reimbursement"},{"word":"interpretations"},{"word":"Revenue"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9880x5mj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergent Medical Associates, Manhattan Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Blakeman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergency Groups' Office, Arcadia, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Irv","middle_name":"","last_name":"Edwards","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergent Medical Associates, Manhattan Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Mallon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-19T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-06-19T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16977/galley/8587/download/"}]},{"pk":5267,"title":"Role of Opioid Receptors in Incentive Contrast","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A downshift from a more preferred to a less preferred incentive leads to a transient rejection of the lower incentive. This phenomenon, known as successive negative contrast (SNC), has been reported in studies with mammals, but not with fish, amphibians, or reptiles, all showing gradual adjustments to the new incentive conditions. It is assumed that an understanding of the brain systems involved in the onset of SNC in mammals will suggest likely brain areas for a comparative analysis in non mammalian vertebrates. Studies reviewed in this article show that opioid receptors are normally engaged during SNC, participate in the detection of the incentive downshift, play a role in SNC onset (delta receptors), and modulate recovery from SNC (kappa receptors). However, opioid receptors do not seem to be involved in the consolidation of the downshift memory. These results suggest a relationship between the evolution of the opioid system and the evolution of learning mechanisms involved in the adjustment to incentive downshifts in vertebrates.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Language"},{"word":"Opioids"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"Incentive contrast"},{"word":"Downshift"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zk5h8n2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mauricio","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Papini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas Christian University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T04:16:45+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T04:16:45+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5267/galley/3146/download/"}]},{"pk":16928,"title":"Surgeons’ and Emergency Physicians’ Perceptions of Trauma Management and Training","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study objective was to determine whether surgeons and emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) have differing opinions on trauma residency training and trauma management in clinical practice.\n\n\nMethods: A survey was mailed to 250 EMPs and 250 surgeons randomly selected.\n\n\nResults: Fifty percent of surgeons perceived that surgery exclusively managed trauma compared to 27% of EMPs. Surgeons were more likely to feel that only surgeons should manage trauma on presentation to the ED. However, only 60% of surgeons currently felt comfortable with caring for the trauma patient, compared to 84% of EMPs. Compared to EMPs, surgeons are less likely to feel that EMPs can initially manage the trauma patient (71% of surgeons vs. 92% of EMPs).\n\n\nConclusion: EMPs are comfortable managing trauma while many surgeons do not feel comfortable with the complex trauma patient although the majority of surgeons responded that surgeons should manage the trauma.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:144-149.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"residency training"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Surgery"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6072g3h3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robin","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Hemphill","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, TN","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sally","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Santen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, TN","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Heavrin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, TN","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-11-17T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2008-11-17T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16928/galley/8569/download/"}]},{"pk":16894,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22z15579","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16894/galley/8556/download/"}]},{"pk":5266,"title":"The Roles of Endogenous Opioids in Fear Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors play important roles in Pavlovian fear conditioning in many species, including mice, rats, and humans. These roles are best viewed as regulating the conditions for fear learning by determining the actions of predictive error on association formation. Evidence will be reviewed showing such roles for opioid receptors in ventrolateral quadrant of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). These roles are shared across mammalian species because many of the effects of opioid receptor manipulations on fear learning first reported in rodents have now been documented in humans.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Language"},{"word":"Periaqueductal grey"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"Opioid"},{"word":"Pavlovian"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74d1s3z9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gavan","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"McNally","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of New South Wales","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T04:12:36+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T04:12:36+01:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5266/galley/3145/download/"}]},{"pk":16907,"title":"Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism in Observation Unit Patients","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: Many emergency department (ED) patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms such as chest pain or dyspnea are placed in observation units but do not undergo specific diagnostic testing for pulmonary embolism (PE). The role of observation units in the diagnosis of PE has not been studied. We hypothesized that there was a small but significant rate of unsuspected PE in our observation unit population.\n\n\nMethods: We performed a retrospective chart review at an urban academic hospital of all ED patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of PE between January 2005 and July 2006. The number of such patients assigned to observation at any point in their stay was recorded, in addition to events leading to diagnosis and subsequent in-hospital outcomes.\n\n\nResults: Thirteen of the 190 ED patients diagnosed with PE were placed in the observation unit. Six of these either had a known recent diagnosis of PE or had testing for PE initiated prior to placement in the observation unit. Two of the remaining seven patients with undiagnosed PE were placed in observation for undifferentiated chest pain, accounting for 0.09% of the 2190 patients under the chest pain protocol. Twelve of 13 PE patients (92%) were admitted with an average stay of 4.3 days. Of the 13 patients, five were ultimately determined after admission to not have PE, leaving a rate of confirmed PE in the observation unit population of 0.12% (8/6182), with five of eight being classified as unsuspected prior to assignment to observation (0.08% rate).\n\n\nConclusion: We identified a small number of patients assigned to observation with unsuspected PE. The high rate of hospital admission and prolonged hospital stay suggests that patients with PE are inappropriate for observation status. Given the low incidence of unsuspected PE, there may be a need for a specific approach to screening for PE in observation unit patients.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:130-134.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"observation unit"},{"word":"pulmonary embolism"},{"word":"chest pain"},{"word":"Dyspnea"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g09t6v4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexander","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Limkakeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Glickman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Cairns","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Abhinav","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chandra","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-17T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-07-17T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16907/galley/8561/download/"}]},{"pk":16971,"title":"Violent Hiccups: An Infrequent Cause of Bradyarrhythmias","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A hiccup, or singultus, results from a sudden, simultaneous, vigorous contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory muscles, accompanied by closure of the glottis. Hiccups can be associated with bradyarrhythmias. The mechanism of this phenomenon is likely hiccup-induced Valsalva maneuver and increased parasympathetic tone. We present a case of a patient with violent hiccups producing a bradyarrhythmia.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:176-177.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"hiccups"},{"word":"bradyarrhythmia"},{"word":"Valsalva"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7913w14x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Suh","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Orange CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Subramaniam","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Krishnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Orange CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-10-04T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2008-10-04T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16971/galley/8581/download/"}]},{"pk":16902,"title":"WestJEM Top Section Editors and Reviewers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b33h567","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-08-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-08-01T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16902/galley/8560/download/"}]},{"pk":6930,"title":"A Field of Exciting and Diversified Opportunities: An Interview with Donna Brinton","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2652473x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Innhwa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Park","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6930/galley/4034/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6930/galley/4035/download/"}]},{"pk":6927,"title":"Brave New Digital Classroom: Technology and Foreign Language Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qp5p574","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hye Ri","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6927/galley/4028/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6927/galley/4029/download/"}]},{"pk":6933,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hp251nx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bahiyyih","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Hardacre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Olinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-07-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-07-14T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6933/galley/4040/download/"}]},{"pk":6925,"title":"L2 Learners' Self-Appraisal of Motivational Changes Over Time","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study is an interview-based grounded theory investigation that explores the phenomenon of the changes in L2 motivation over time and across contexts. Two Taiwanese international students who studied at a higher educational institution in the U.S. were interviewed about their motivational orientations prior to and after the study abroad transition and about how their study abroad experience over one academic year subsequently shaped their L2 motivation. Data analysis of the two participants’ self appraisal of their L2 motivational changes indicated that the study abroad transition had a great impact on the development of the participants’ L2 motivational self system (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). The participants’ L2 goals, attitudes toward the English-speaking community, and self concept changed as a result of their study abroad experience. Several interacting internal and external factors shaped and reshaped the changes in their L2 self images, and these changes varied intra-person and across individuals, depending upon the individual learner’s self-determination and action control associated with specific contextual challenges. Furthermore, the changes in the participants’ ideal L2 self as a competent English user appeared to be temporary, and long-term stability of the ideal self images was observed.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/490613hh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ching-Ni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsieh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Michigan State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6925/galley/4024/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6925/galley/4025/download/"}]},{"pk":6931,"title":"Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs & Really Learn 100 More Phrasal Verbs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6118n355","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Myrna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldstein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Are You in Your English File?® Second Language Learning Research Center, Milan, Italy","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-29T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6931/galley/4036/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6931/galley/4037/download/"}]},{"pk":6932,"title":"Study Abroad and Second Language Use: Constructing the Self","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38q9d4wc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-05-25T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-05-25T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6932/galley/4038/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6932/galley/4039/download/"}]},{"pk":6929,"title":"The Effects of Video Media in English as a Second Language Listening Comprehension Tests","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The emergence of powerful computers in language testing permits the use of video media in second language computer assisted listening comprehension tests. Little research is available on what the effects of the video media are in listening comprehension test tasks. The present study examines two video formats (close-up view of the head of the lecturer, and full body view of the lecturer) and compares these to the audio-only format in a listening comprehension test setting. A simulated UCLA classroom lecture was videotaped and used, and one hundred and one students took the test. The aim of the research was to explore whether there were any performance differences when students took these tests in the different formats. The results of the present study show that the addition of the visual channel does not contribute to or take away from the performance in English as a second language listening comprehension test.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c080191","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zsuzsa","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Londe","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6929/galley/4032/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6929/galley/4033/download/"}]},{"pk":6928,"title":"The Word Weavers: Newshounds and Wordsmsiths","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1w07w4sf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eun Young","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bae","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6928/galley/4030/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6928/galley/4031/download/"}]},{"pk":6926,"title":"What Linguists Need to Know About Child Care: Access, Service, and Ethics in Community-Based Research","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of language researchers to the potential value of conducting research from a position within a child care program in a community of interest and to the ways in which this degree of subordination might mitigate inequalities of power between researcher and researched. Child care centers are community hubs of rich and complex interactions of interest to field linguists, and linguists have skills which can benefit child care programs. Characteristics of child care programs are described in relation to linguistic interests, program and community interests, and potential roles for researchers within a center or program. The suggestion is made that linguistics graduate programs might encourage students to take courses in child development and early childhood education to enhance logistical resources for new community-based field researchers.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nv356w8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burns","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-27T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6926/galley/4026/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6926/galley/4027/download/"}]},{"pk":3951,"title":"Rituals Related to Animal Cults","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Two kinds of cult animal existed in ancient Egypt: specific faunal representatives of a given deity that lived in a temple and were ceremonially interred, and creatures killed and mummified to act as votive offerings. The former are attested from the earliest times, while the latter date from the Late Period and later.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"ritual"},{"word":"animal cult"},{"word":"kingship"},{"word":"popular religion"},{"word":"catacombs"},{"word":"votive"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Religion/Religious Studies"}],"section":"Religion","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wk541n0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aidan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dodson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bristol","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-09-05T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2007-09-05T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-16T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3951/galley/2527/download/"}]},{"pk":34910,"title":"A Kharia-English Lexicon [HL Archive 5]","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Kharia is a South Munda language spoken primarily in the southwestern districts of the state of Jharkhand in central eastern India, as well as in the adjacent districts in eastern Chattisgarh and northwestern Orissa. It is also spoken in Assam, Tripura, West Bengal, Nepal and elsewhere. Its closest relative is Juang, spoken in Orissa. Kharia is the only South Munda language spoken in Jharkhand and is also the only South Munda language spoken in the direct vicinity of the North Munda languages, most notably Mundari, which is spoken in many of the same villages as Kharia in the more southerly Kharia-speaking areas, as well as the North Dravidian language Kurux, found more to the north.\n \nThe present study is a revision of the second volume of my Habilitationsschrift or “professorial dissertation” which was submitted at the University of Osnabrück in 2006 (Peterson, 2006). Volume I of that three-volume study was an extensive grammar, which is currently being reviewed (in revised form) for publication, while Volume III consisted of a collection of texts, glossed, annotated and translated into English.\n \nThis Kharia-English lexicon contains all of the morphemes found in the texts in Volume III of that study as well as many which occurred in conversations with native speakers. In addition, it contains all of the morphemes found in the texts in Pinnow (1965a; b), in the first half of the texts in Kerkeʈʈā (1990), as well as in the Kharia-English lexicon in Biligiri (1965). There are also a few entries from Roy & Roy (1937) and Malhotra (1982).","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Kharia"},{"word":"South Munda"},{"word":"lexicon"}],"section":"Archives","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4566c4bw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Peterson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität Leipzig","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-08-29T00:02:51+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-08-29T00:02:51+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-15T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/34910/galley/26027/download/"}]},{"pk":34908,"title":"Koyi Rai: An Initial Grammatical Sketch [HL Archive 4]","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Koyi Rai is a previously undescribed language of the Kiranti group of the Himalayan branch of Tibeto-Burman. Koyi, also referred to by speakers as Koyu or Kohi, is spoken in the Khotang district in Eastern Nepal, near the headwaters of the Rawa Khola, in the villages of Sungdel and, to a lesser extent, Dipsung. There are also some speakers in the villages of Lethang and Bharauli in the Tarai. My work was carried out in the Kathmandu Valley, political conditions at the time (2004) not being well-suited to fieldwork in the villages. There are said to be 2~3000 speakers.\n \nAccording to van Driem (2001: 711), the homeland of the Koyi is the Upper Dudh Kosi area, along with Khaling and Dumi, and the languages share a subgrouping: “Kohi [sic], Dumi and Khaling show shared phonological innovations ...”. Koyi appears to be quite distinct from Dumi, despite rumors of mutual intelligibility (van Driem 2001: 711). There are a number of lexical similarities between the two languages (despite rather different phonological inventories), but many morphological markers are different. Michailovsky’s (MS c) initial reconstruction work on the Kiranti languages suggests that the same sound change which distinguishes Thulung from other Western and Central Kiranti languages is also found in Koyi. This sound change is *p > b, and is found in only these two languages among those which are geographically close, the reflex in Hayu, Bahing, Sunwar, Dumi and Khaling being p. The following set exemplifies the initial b in Thulung and Koyi: ‘flower’ Hayu\n puŋmi\n, Bahing\n p\nh\nuŋ\n, Sunwar \np\nh\nu:\n, Dumi \npuma\n, Khaling \npungme\n, but Thulung \nbuŋma\n and Koyi \nbuwa\n.\n \nClearly, Kiranti subgrouping and the position of Koyi remain to be clarified.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Koyi Rai, Tibeto-Burman, Kiranti, Grammatical Sketch"}],"section":"Archives","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v01m1v6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aimée","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lahoussois","name_suffix":"","institution":"LACITO-CNRS, Villejuif, France","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-08-28T23:51:26+02:00","date_accepted":"2014-08-28T23:51:26+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-15T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/himalayanlinguistics/article/34908/galley/26025/download/"}]},{"pk":43396,"title":"“All for the sake of Freedom”: Hannah Arendt’s Democratic Dissent, Trauma, and American Citizenship","subtitle":null,"abstract":"As an intellectual Jewish immigrant, Hannah Arendt’s work is informed by two key factors: the failures of German intellectuals regarding the rise of fascism and the promise of American democracy. Arendt was haunted by the past and the memories of how the democratic structures of the Weimar Republic had been undermined, manipulated, and finally transformed into a totalitarian terror regime. The issues of freedom, equality, and the shortcomings of democratic societies form a transcultural nexus in her oeuvre. This reading of Arendt will reveal how her efforts to deal with a transatlantic traumatic past shaped the felt need to voice democratic dissent in the United States. While much has been said about her theoretical groundwork on the mechanisms of totalitarian systems, Arendt’s living conditions as a naturalized foreigner, her enthusiasm for American democracy, and her refusal to return to Germany have been largely neglected. Arendt is usually rooted firmly in a European philosophical context. She has been canonized as one of the foremost philosophical thinkers from Germany on the emergence of totalitarian systems and the Holocaust. This transatlantic force field looms large over the second half of the twentieth century in the realm of culture and politics. Among her fellow intellectual émigrés and exiles such as Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, or Fraenkel, Arendt stands out. She decided not to return to the new democratic Germany with its Grundgesetz fashioned along the lines of the American Constitution. Instead, she insisted on becoming naturalized and used her transnational background as a basis to address democratic gaps from the vantage point of an American citizen. First, Mehring shows in which ways Arendt identified herself as an American and wished to become recognized as an American citizen. Second, he reconnects Arendt’s democratic dissent with her efforts to become recognized as an American citizen.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Hannah Arendt"},{"word":"Democratic Theory"},{"word":"Transatlantic Traumas"},{"word":"citizenship"},{"word":"Patriotic Dissent"},{"word":"recognition"},{"word":"American Studies"},{"word":"Cultural Studies"},{"word":"German Literature"},{"word":"philosophy"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j88q162","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Frank","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mehring","name_suffix":"","institution":"John F. Kennedy Institute, Free University of Berlin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-05T14:13:57+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-07-05T14:13:57+02:00","date_published":"2009-07-05T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/43396/galley/32309/download/"}]},{"pk":3961,"title":"Queen","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The queens of ancient Egypt (i.e., the kings’ wives and kings’ mothers) were distinguished by a set of specific titles and insignia that characterized them as the earthly embodiment of the divine feminine principle. By ensuring the continued renewal of kingship, they played an important role in the ideology of kingship. As the highest-ranking female members of the royal household, queens occupied a central position at court, as well. However, only in individual cases did they hold substantial political power.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Royal Family"},{"word":"Harem"},{"word":"Court"},{"word":"Ruling House"},{"word":"Succession to the Throne"},{"word":"Ideology of Kingship"},{"word":"Consort"},{"word":"Royal Wife"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Individual and Society","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3416c82m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Silke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roth","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-12-05T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2007-12-05T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-07-03T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3961/galley/2537/download/"}]},{"pk":41603,"title":"A new immigrant mustelid (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the middle Miocene Temblor Formation of central California","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A new mustelid genus from the Barstovian (middle Miocene) marine Temblor Formation in California is described. The material of \nLegionarictis fortidens\n includes an incomplete cranium with partial upper dentition. The straight lingual border and slightly expanded posterointernal cingulum of M1 are plesiomorphic traits, as in the European \nDehmictis\n. However, the M1 is not as posteriorly expanded, and the P4 does not have a lingual hypoconal crest, differentiating \nL. fortidens\n from younger North American forms. Furthermore, the P4 protocone is posteriorly placed from the parastyle crest, as in the extant South American \nEira\n. An autapomorphic feature of \nL. fortidens\n is its highly hypertrophied P4 paracone with a bulbous crown. The robust upper carnassial, very strong development of the sagittal crest, and derived enamel microstructure all suggest a hard food component in its diet. The coastal depositional environment indicated by the presence of marine taxa in the Temblor Formation suggests that hard shelled invertebrates might have been a food source of \nL. fortidens\n.\n \nA combination of plesiomorphic and derived dental characteristics puts the new form at an evolutionary stage basal to otters and closer to the living \nEira\n. Cladistic analysis of craniodental characters suggests that \nL. fortidens\n is more derived than generalized basal mustelines of the Old World, and may have diverged from the lutrine lineage in a separate immigration event to the New World.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Mustelid"},{"word":"Temblor Formation"},{"word":"Miocene"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gj4j3z2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zhijie","middle_name":"Jack","last_name":"Tseng","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California and Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Xiaoming","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Stewart","name_suffix":"","institution":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-18T21:56:03+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-18T21:56:03+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-22T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41603/galley/31145/download/"}]},{"pk":41604,"title":"New record of an extinct fish, \nFisherichthys folmeri\n Weems (Osteichthyes), from the lower Eocene of Berkeley County, South Carolina, USA","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Fisherichthys folmeri\n Weems 1999 (Sciaenidae?) is an extinct teleostean fish occurring in marine strata of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains, USA. We report isolated teeth collected from a lower Eocene (Ypresian) deposit in Berkeley County, South Carolina. Crowns of unworn teeth bear apical papillae surrounding a central depression, but these features are lost as teeth are worn through \nin vivo\n usage. The pulp cavity appears to become reduced in size as the tooth matures in the alveolus. \nFisherichthys folmeri\n is thus far only known from Mississippi, South Carolina, and Virginia in strata ranging in age from 50.8 to 55 Ma.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"teleost"},{"word":"eocene"},{"word":"Osteichthyes"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8094p086","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Cicimurri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Clemson University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Knight","name_suffix":"","institution":"South Carolina State Museum","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-18T22:26:45+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-18T22:26:45+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-22T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41604/galley/31146/download/"}]},{"pk":41602,"title":"Pleistocene lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave, Nevada","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Faunal data from Cathedral Cave, Nevada, provide insight into biotic changes that occurred within the Great Basin prior to the latest Pleistocene. Taxonomic identifications of lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave were made using a morphological approach intended to minimize geographic and temporal assumptions. Although this approach to identification is conservative, the resultant data set is appropriate for inclusion in future analyses of regional biotic change. Lagomorphs recovered from the site include new regional records of two extinct taxa, \nAztlanolagus agilis\n and \nBrachylagus\n \ncoloradoensis\n. Other lagomorphs from Cathedral Cave include \nBrachylagus\n \nidahoensis\n, \nOchotona\n sp., and \nSylvilagus\n or \nLepus\n sp. The presence of a posterorinternal reentrant fold on the p3 of some specimens of \nOchotona\n sp. suggests that the range of variation present in the individual teeth of pikas needs to be described in further detail. In contrast to a previously established hypothesis of increasing enamel complexity in the p4 of \nAztlanolagus\n \nagilis\n, evaluation of crenulation patterns of \nAztlanolagus agilis\n from Cathedral Cave showed no distinct trends.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Pleistocene"},{"word":"lagomorphs"},{"word":"Cathedral Cave"},{"word":"Nevada"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rx7v4bt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Jass","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-18T21:49:36+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-18T21:49:36+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-22T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41602/galley/31144/download/"}]},{"pk":41605,"title":"The earliest North American record of the Antilocapridae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Family Antilocapridae is considered to have first appeared in the Early Hemingfordian of western North America. Here we report a mandible of a merycodontine antilocaprid from the Late Arikareean Harrison Formation of eastern Wyoming. The mandible has three lower molars preserved and mandibular ramus features that allow it to be differentiated from other contemporaneous selenodont artiodactyl families, yet the lack of detailed understanding of intraspecific variation in \nParacosoryx\n and \nMerycodus\n warrant caution in assigning this to a genus. This new material predates the previous first appearance of antilocaprids by approximately 3–4 million years and suggests that antilocaprid immigration from Eurasian ruminant stock occurred earlier than previously assumed and that caution should be exercised when using first appearances in broader analyses.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Antilocaprid"},{"word":"Artiodactyl"},{"word":"Harrison Formation"},{"word":"Wyoming"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z85917c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Beatty","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York College of Osteopathic Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Larry","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Martin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-18T22:31:01+01:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-18T22:31:01+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-22T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41605/galley/31147/download/"}]},{"pk":6320,"title":"China's Global Oil Strategy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"China’s rapid rate of economic growth in the last few decades has increased its appetite for energy resources far beyond its production capability. China is now the world’s second-largest consumer of oil. To satisfy this need, Beijing has pursued an aggressive ‘going out’ policy to secure oil resources in every market it can. The resulting webs of interdependence have influenced China’s foreign policy, as it now finds itself bound to political, economic and security situations around the globe. This paper looks at how China has developed its oil strategy and what impact the search for oil has had on its foreign policy. By focusing on three case studies—Sudan, Iran and Venezuela—the paper evaluates different formulations of Chinese oil strategy, and examines possible inferences about the future implications of this strategy.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"China"},{"word":"Oil"},{"word":"Iran"},{"word":"Venezuela"},{"word":"Sudan"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18c5s4vw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Thomas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-17T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2009-02-17T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-06T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/6320/galley/3770/download/"}]},{"pk":6319,"title":"Combating the Privatization of Life in a Neo-Liberal Regime:  The Fight for Water Democracies in India","subtitle":null,"abstract":"“Natural” water scarcity is often touted by international banks and trade organizations as a justification for the wholesale privatization of common water supplies and urban water infrastructure, giving powerful multinational corporations ownership over the most precious precondition for Life.  Through participatory research, fieldwork, and a critical anthropological lens, this paper examines two struggles against water privatization in South India: the fight for water rights in the village of Plachimada against the exploitation and pollution of water by the Coca-Cola company, and the fight against privatization of the municipal water supply in the “Silicon Valley” of India – Bangalore - which would effectively cut off free access to drinking water for the city’s massive population of urban slum dwellers.  I seek to deconstruct the notion of water crises as a “natural” phenomenon by showing how British colonial practices and the modern Indian State have created water scarcity by systematically destroying indigenous water harvesting technologies that have long created ecological abundance in village India and by usurping control and the ownership of water.  With the recognition that water scarcity, ecological destruction, and accompanying poverty are man-made phenomena, I explore the inverse by arguing that human design systems can instead create local ecological abundance and economic self-sufficient communities.  And it all starts with water: Earth’s most precious free gift to Life.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"water privatization"},{"word":"ecological democracy"},{"word":"water democracy"},{"word":"rainwater harvesting"},{"word":"Coca-Cola"},{"word":"permaculture"},{"word":"ecological design"},{"word":"water crisis"},{"word":"groundwater exploitation"},{"word":"post-colonialism"},{"word":"emancipatory anthropology"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d73n733","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gavin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Raders","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-03T09:00:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2009-04-03T09:00:00+02:00","date_published":"2009-06-06T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/6319/galley/3769/download/"}]},{"pk":6321,"title":"ICE Raids: Compounding Production, Contradiction, and Capitalism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Taking into consideration recent Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) workplace raids, this project argues that American and Mexican factory workers’ subjectivities are constructed within factory walls and (re)produced in the process of ICE raids. Works by gender theorists Leslie Salzinger, Donna Haraway, and Gloria Anzaldúa serve as a critical lens from which to analyze how changing legal, economic, and political notions of the nation and its citizens reconstruct laborers' rights and bodies. By tracing back economic and immigration policies such as NAFTA and Homeland Security developments, workers’ subjectivities are situated within the larger context of expanding neoliberal economic institutions. The paper culminates in the argument that the current construction of non-citizen workers in the United States is both potentially constraining and enabling. Though workers are held complacent by their vulnerability and ambiguity, their contradictory positions also offer spaces of resistance from which to understand, act upon, and subvert their present condition.","language":"en","license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[{"word":"labor"},{"word":"citizenship"},{"word":"Globalization"},{"word":"subjectivity"},{"word":"cyborg"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rx3r2gp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"I","last_name":"Reas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-18T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2009-02-18T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"2009-06-06T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/6321/galley/3771/download/"}]}]}