{"count":39543,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=29700","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=29500","results":[{"pk":61214,"title":"A South Seas State of Nature: The Legal History of Pitcairn Island, 1790-1900","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pitcairn Island was uninhabited in 1790 when the mutineers of the Royal Navy's Bounty settled there with men and women from Tahiti to serve as slaves and wives for the sailors. Murders and accidents claimed the lives the leader of the mutiny, Fletcher Christian, and those of every adult male save John Adams. Adams led the remaining islanders under a benevolent dictatorship for the rest of his life, a South Seas Christian monarchy cut off from the rest of the world. After the island was rediscovered, new settlers arrived, including a delusional Englishman named Joshua Hill who took over the island and ruled the islanders by fear. After he was removed by the Royal Navy, it supervised the island for decades, its ships regularly visiting the island and its officers writing several simple legal codes for the Pitcairners. The islanders consented as they considered themselves to be English and were fervently loyal to Queen Victoria. The British administration was very light for decades, the islanders largely running their own affairs.  That changed after a Pitcairner murdered two islanders in 1897. The British realized there was no way to try the defendant short of taking him to London. The solution was to place the island under the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. The High Commissioner was a British official based in Fiji whose job was to bring law and order to a vast swath of the Pacific and suppress the slave trade among the islands. The High Commissioner arranged for a trial for the murderer, who was convicted and hanged. Pitcairn's government operated under the High Commissioner until 1952 and now is run by the British ambassador to New Zealand.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48v4f6rb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"O.","last_name":"Eshleman","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:50:35-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:50:35-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61214/galley/47243/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61214/galley/47244/download/"}]},{"pk":60705,"title":"A Way through the Impasse in U.S. Climate Change Legislation: A GHG Tax That Possesses Political and Administrative Feasibility and Conforms to International Law","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g76060s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lowe","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:06:03-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:06:03-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60705/galley/46670/download/"}]},{"pk":34728,"title":"California Rural Legal Assistance: The Struggles and Continued Survival of a Poverty Law Practice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zq6s468","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jose","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Padilla","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:25:01-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:25:01-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34728/galley/25869/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34728/galley/25870/download/"}]},{"pk":60696,"title":"Constitutional Problems with Judicial Takings Doctrine and the Supreme Court's Decision in Stop the Beach Renourishment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z04r9vz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Wydra","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:55:52-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:55:52-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60696/galley/46661/download/"}]},{"pk":61213,"title":"Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v41x67h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"PBLJ","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:49:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:49:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61213/galley/47242/download/"}]},{"pk":61230,"title":"Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xf6r10c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[no author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"PBLJ","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-04-26T18:14:26-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-04-26T18:14:26-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61230/galley/47269/download/"}]},{"pk":34723,"title":"Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstact]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zg260pv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"CLLR","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:17:28-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:17:28-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34723/galley/25860/download/"}]},{"pk":60694,"title":"Crude Injustice in the Gulf: Why Categorical Exclusions for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico are Inconsistent with U.S. International Ocean Law and Policy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0530j2rs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Hull","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:53:16-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:53:16-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60694/galley/46659/download/"}]},{"pk":60697,"title":"Environmental Challenges of Climate-Nuclear Fusion: A Case Study of India","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/102391fb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deepa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Badrinarayan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:56:58-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:56:58-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60697/galley/46662/download/"}]},{"pk":60701,"title":"Environmental Review of Western Water Project Operations: Where NEPA Has Not Applied, Will It Now Protect Farmers from Fish","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hm385nk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Reed","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Benson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:01:29-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:01:29-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60701/galley/46666/download/"}]},{"pk":34725,"title":"Exploiting Borders: The Political Economy of Local Backlash against Undocumented Immigrants","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c70t26j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jamie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Longazel","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fleury-Steiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:20:50-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:20:50-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34725/galley/25863/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34725/galley/25864/download/"}]},{"pk":61211,"title":"From Socialist Ethics to Legal Ethics: Legal Ethics, Professional Conduct, and the Chinese Legal Profession","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When the first lawyers of the modern Chinese legal regime began work in 1980, the role they played in society was radically different from the role played by lawyers in China today, as were the professional requirements placed upon them. This paper examines the development of the legal profession and the conception of what it means to be a \"lawyer\" in China. Consideration is also extended to the increasing independence granted to the legal profession by the Chinese government as well as the controls and supervision still in place. The system of professional responsibility is presented through an analysis of the Lawyer's Law, which serves as the legislative basis of the Chinese legal profession, and the ethical and professional problems that present themselves in the day-to-day practice of Chinese lawyers. Finally, some modest suggestions for how to improve the situation are offered.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ww9z3mz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leland","middle_name":"","last_name":"Benton","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:44:36-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:44:36-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61211/galley/47239/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61211/galley/47240/download/"}]},{"pk":60187,"title":"[Front Matter]","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2663x96p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Editors","middle_name":"","last_name":"ELR","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T00:08:07-06:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T00:08:07-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60187/galley/46146/download/"}]},{"pk":61212,"title":"Front Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85t7p74r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"PBLJ","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:48:07-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:48:07-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61212/galley/47241/download/"}]},{"pk":61209,"title":"Hong Kong's Policies Relating to Asylum-Seekers: Torture and the Principle of Non-Refoulment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the years following the transfer of sovereignty from British to Chinese rule, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has consistently tried to maintain a reputation as a jurisdiction that enjoys an independent judiciary and the rule of law. However, over the past decade, a series of events in particular areas have challenged this perception. The status of refugees and how they are treated represents one such area. The status of asylum seekers has always been a matter of concern as Hong Kong has never been a signatory to the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Additionally, recent court decisions regarding the question of non-refoulement and the absence of a government screening process for refugees make it increasingly difficult for observers to accept Hong Kong as a forward-looking, world-class city.\n \nThis article examines recent decisions that deal with Hong Kong's obligations under international law regarding avoiding the ejection of refugees to jurisdictions where they will likely face persecution or torture. In particular, this article focuses on C. and Others v. Director of Immigration, in which Hong Kong's Court of First Instance considered whether an obligation of non-refoulement exists, and whether Hong Kong's government has a duty to provide a screening process to determine the status of all refugee claimants. Also explored is an earlier decision by Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal, Secretary for Security v. Prabakar, in which a screening procedure for torture claimants was established.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gb628bm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Rice","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:42:10-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:42:10-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61209/galley/47235/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61209/galley/47236/download/"}]},{"pk":34724,"title":"Indian Gaming and Native Identity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fv5620v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"King","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:18:25-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:18:25-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34724/galley/25861/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34724/galley/25862/download/"}]},{"pk":60189,"title":"Indianizing Hollywood: The Debate Over Copyright Infringement By Bollywood","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zg193zk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hariqbal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Basi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T00:10:52-06:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T00:10:52-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60189/galley/46148/download/"}]},{"pk":61215,"title":"Legislative Reform of the Kaesong Industrial Complex in North Korea","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) in North Korea is the last vestige of inter-Korean cooperation. It contributes to economic modernization of North Korea, peace and stability in East Asia, and international trade and nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. However, flaws in the KIC legislative framework leave businesses and individuals unprotected and threaten the very existence of the KIC. This Article examines the legislative problems facing the KIC and offers proposals for legislative reform. Part I demonstrates that the KIC plays an important role in the domestic, regional, and international contexts. Part II presents a critical analysis of KIC legislation. It identifies three main problems: (1)\n \nflaws in the statutory text; (2) questions regarding the effectiveness of KIC laws; and (3)\n \ninadequate dispute resolution provisions. It argues that the combined effect of these legislative problems is to give North Korean authorities control over KIC businesses, personnel, and operations. Part III presents proposals for KIC legislative reform. It shows that two approaches are most promising foreign assistance in improving and reforming KIC laws and inter-Korean agreements. The Article concludes that only through legislative reform can the KIC realize its domestic, regional, and international potential by\n \nsafeguarding its businesses and individuals and by\n \nensuring its stability and sound development.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bt0h0ww","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeehye","middle_name":"","last_name":"You","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:51:56-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:51:56-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61215/galley/47245/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61215/galley/47246/download/"}]},{"pk":60703,"title":"Methane Digesters and Biogas Recovery - Masking the Environmental Consequences of Industrial Concentrated Livestock Production","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52g318rv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Di Camillo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:03:53-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:03:53-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60703/galley/46668/download/"}]},{"pk":60698,"title":"One Sea Lion's Worth - Evaluating the Role of Values in Section 120","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b86t9zv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:57:57-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:57:57-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60698/galley/46663/download/"}]},{"pk":60695,"title":"Parens Patriae Litigation to Redress Societal Damages from the BP Oil Spill: The Latest Stage in the Evolution of Crimtorts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m97t4cw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Rustad","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Koenig","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:54:39-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:54:39-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60695/galley/46660/download/"}]},{"pk":60702,"title":"Plastic, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and International Misfires at a Cure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pp84809","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Grant","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Harse","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:02:24-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:02:24-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60702/galley/46667/download/"}]},{"pk":60190,"title":"Sailing Toward a Truly Globalized World: WTO, Media Piracy in China, and Transnational Capital Flows","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fr7z5bh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lai","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T00:12:06-06:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T00:12:06-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60190/galley/46149/download/"}]},{"pk":60700,"title":"Shotguns, Spray, and Smoke: Regulating Atmospheric Deposition of Pollutants under the Clean Water Act","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03w9r548","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anil","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Antony","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:00:21-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:00:21-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60700/galley/46665/download/"}]},{"pk":60699,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jp2923g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:58:37-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:58:37-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60699/galley/46664/download/"}]},{"pk":60693,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz595z1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T22:52:14-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T22:52:14-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60693/galley/46658/download/"}]},{"pk":34730,"title":"The Impact of Hope VI Housing Policy on Gang-Related Crime: A Case Study of the Pico-Aliso Neighborhood in Los Angeles","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tb5j0kv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pablo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Orozco","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:27:28-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:27:28-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34730/galley/25873/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34730/galley/25874/download/"}]},{"pk":60193,"title":"The Publicity Rights of \nAvatar\n's Avatars","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rr2z2hh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kendall","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T00:16:46-06:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T00:16:46-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60193/galley/46152/download/"}]},{"pk":61210,"title":"The Shareholder Derivative Action and Good Corporate Governance in China: Why the Excitement is Actually for Nothing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Despite high expectations that shareholder derivative actions would serve as an important tool for improving corporate governance in China, only one lawsuit has been brought against a publicly listed Chinese company since such actions were formally introduced in 2005. Among the various barriers to such suits, and perhaps the most difficult obstacle for plaintiffs to surmount, is holding the requisite minimum of 1 % of corporate shares. It is difficult to reduce the threshold figure to a more accessible level, in part because using the minimum shareholding requirement as a mechanism for screening out frivolous litigation is inherently flawed. Yet, attempting to screen frivolous litigation through a judicial determination on the merits of a suit rather than using a minimum shareholding requirement is unlikely to work properly in China. The judiciary is weak, unsophisticated, and riddled with corruption. When the judicial system is in such a condition, it is unrealistic to expect that a derivative action specifically, or indeed, the private enforcement of law in general, can play a significant role in corporate governance. This paper considers these points, and examines how to improve corporate governance in a country with a weak judiciary.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dk6989m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zhong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:43:28-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:43:28-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61210/galley/47237/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61210/galley/47238/download/"}]},{"pk":61208,"title":"The Use of Economic Analysis in Court Judgments: A Comparison between the United States, Australia and New Zealand","subtitle":null,"abstract":"As a theoretical paradigm, the use of economics has dominated legal analysis both in academia and the courts in the United States for the last three decades. This popularity, though, does not extend to most other jurisdictions. Judge Richard Posner, one of the pioneers of the law and economics movement, developed a model comparing the structures of the legal profession in the United States, the United Kingdom, and continental Europe to explain the lack of the use of law and economics in the latter two regions compared with the United States.\n \nThis paper compares the use of economic analysis in judicial decisions in the United States with the extent of such use in two other common law jurisdictions: Australia and New Zealand. Judge Posner's model is used to examine the structure of the legal professions in Australia and New Zealand to predict the extent to which law and economics is used by each jurisdiction's respective judiciary. It is observed that Australian courts do not use economic analysis to any great extent, with senior members of the judiciary adopting an explicitly negative view of the value of economic reasoning in resolving legal disputes. Even those judges who attempt to apply economic tools to justify their decisions tend to do so in a simplistic fashion that does not draw on the full advantages such an approach offers and does nothing to counteract the claims of the paradigm's critics. New Zealand's judiciary has demonstrated a more receptive attitude, with little if any hostility expressed openly (unlike Australia), with notable senior members of the judiciary openly advocating for the courts to make greater use of economic reasoning in resolving legal disputes. These findings are in line with the expectations formed under Judge Posner's model.\n \nFurther observations are made regarding the legal education systems in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, finding that law and economics is taught to a greater extent in line with the    use of economic reasoning in the respective court system. While it is difficult to draw conclusions as to any causal relationship, an explanation is suggested that judicial attitudes, especially in Australia and New Zealand, have a strong influence on the extent to which law and economics is taught in law schools. Australia's and New Zealand's systems of legal education are much more focused, by necessity, on fundamental legal knowledge useful for a career in law, a restriction that does not exist to the same extent in the United States. The popularity of law and economics courses in Australia and New Zealand reflects the judicial attitudes observed in this paper's main analysis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31k3s62k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Keith","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kendall","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:41:11-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:41:11-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61208/galley/47233/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61208/galley/47234/download/"}]},{"pk":61216,"title":"The Yang Obeys, but the Yin Ignores: Copyright Law and Speech Suppression in the People's Republic of China","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Copyright law can either promote or restrict free speech: while copyright preserves economic incentives to create and publish new expression, it also fences off expression from public use. For this reason, the effect of copyright law on speech in a given country depends on the particular manner in which it is understood, legislated, and enforced.\n \nThis Article argues that copyright law in the People's Republic of China (PRC) serves as a tool for speech suppression and censorship. Whereas China has engaged in official censorship for thousands of years, there has historically been little appreciation for proprietary rights in art and literature. Just as China's early twentieth century attempts to recognize copyright overlapped with strict publication controls, the PRC's modern copyright regime embodies the view that copyright is a mechanism for policing speech and media.\n \nThe decade-long debate that preceded the PRC's first copyright statute was shaped by misunderstanding, politics, ideology, and historical forces. Scholars and lawmakers widely advocated that Chinese copyright law discriminate based on media content and carefully circumscribe authors' rights. These concerns, intensified by the Tiananmen Square crackdown, bore directly on the content of China's 1990 Copyright Law. While the Copyright Law has evolved over the past two decades (especially in response to the advent of digital technology), a censorship-oriented philosophy has continued to inform its content and interpretation. China's conflation of copyright protection and speech control is especially egregious at the enforcement stage: government \"anti-piracy\" efforts double as censorship campaigns, and copyright enforcement is often subjugated to the objectives of China's media control bureaucracy.\n \nThis unhappy reality highlights the need for the United States to revise its approach to Chinese intellectual property reform. Although the U.S. has both pushed for stronger copyright protection in China and criticized PRC censorship practices, it has largely ignored the impact of Chinese copyright law on free speech. U.S. political interests and Chinese society would be better served by a more holistic policy.","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j750316","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"McIntyre","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T22:53:23-06:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T22:53:23-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61216/galley/47247/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61216/galley/47248/download/"}]},{"pk":60192,"title":"To \nInfinity\n and Beyond: FCC Enforcement Limiting Broadcast Indecency from George Carlin to Cher and into the Digital Age","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sn5s0n0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Blake","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lawrence","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-25T00:15:01-06:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-25T00:15:01-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60192/galley/46151/download/"}]},{"pk":34726,"title":"Washington Park Lead Committee, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency\n: Helen Person and the Landmark Struggle against Environmental Injustice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zj9k6vv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Armen","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Merjian","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:22:26-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:22:26-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34726/galley/25865/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34726/galley/25866/download/"}]},{"pk":60704,"title":"Water Rx - The Problem of Pharmaceuticals in Our Nation's Waters","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Student Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j06r620","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Melanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leitman","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-10-08T23:04:59-06:00","date_accepted":"2013-10-08T23:04:59-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60704/galley/46669/download/"}]},{"pk":34729,"title":"What Does a Wise Latina Look Like? An Intersectional Analysis of Sonia Sotomayor's Confirmation to the U.S. Supreme Court","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vk07886","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marrero-Otero","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-10T00:26:30-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-10T00:26:30-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-31T17:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34729/galley/25871/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34729/galley/25872/download/"}]},{"pk":4006,"title":"Hiw (Predynastic)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Predynastic remains of the Hiw region (Diospolis Parva) are mainly from cemetery sites first excavated by W. M. Flinders Petrie at the end of the nineteenth century. They cover the material culture of most of the 4th millennium BCE. Although reportedly more than 1100 Predynastic tombs were excavated, the sites have remained some of the poorest published Predynastic cemeteries in Egypt.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"cemetery"},{"word":"Predynastic tombs"},{"word":"Semaina"},{"word":"Petrie"},{"word":"Naqada II"},{"word":"Naqada III"},{"word":"beetles"},{"word":"black incised pottery"},{"word":"N-Ware"},{"word":"geoarchaeology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Geography","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55b9t6d7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hikade","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-03T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-06-03T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-23T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4006/galley/2582/download/"}]},{"pk":35304,"title":"Complexity, Ecology, Finance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Andrew Haldane, Senior Bank of England official, has called for more ecology in the study of finance (read his report). A Financial Times Article reports and offers analysis by prodigal anthropologist Gillian Tett (and co-authors).","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[]},{"pk":35300,"title":"How Shit Happens, or, How Audit Systems and Sewer States Lead to Tainted Beef","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Elizabeth Cullen Dunn takes a hard look at how risk management systems create the risks they are supposed to eliminate.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elizabeth Cullen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dunn","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35300/galley/26227/download/"}]},{"pk":35301,"title":"How W32.stuxnet works","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Symantec security response demonstrates how to hack a nuclear power plant. Read their report.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[]},{"pk":35295,"title":"Introduction: Systemic Risk","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Stephen J. Collier and Andrew Lakoff introduce the concept of \"systemic risk\" and the focus of Limn Number 1.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78b0z9vb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Collier","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lakoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35295/galley/26222/download/"}]},{"pk":35298,"title":"Logistics’ Liabilities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Deborah Cowen  tracks how the movement of goods shapes the meaning of risk.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deborah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cowen","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35298/galley/26225/download/"}]},{"pk":35297,"title":"Resilience and Homeland Security: Patriotism, Anxiety, and Complex System Dynamics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the realm of U.S. homeland security, the word of the day seems to be “resilience.” Benjamin Sims explains.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sims","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35297/galley/26224/download/"}]},{"pk":35309,"title":"Running Amok in Labyrinthine Systems: The Cyber-Behaviorist Origins of Soft Torture","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rebecca Lemov explores the systematizing and regularizing of an American brand of torture.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lemov","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35309/galley/26233/download/"}]},{"pk":35312,"title":"Systemic Financial Risks and How to Cope With Them","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Grahame Thompson explores the Efficient Market Hypothesis and models of Systemic Risk in Economics.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Grahame","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35312/galley/26236/download/"}]},{"pk":35311,"title":"Systemic Risk in Consumer Finance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"At the end of the great credit bubble there was still a tremendous amount of borrowing potential in the hands of consumers.  Of the $5 trillion in US credit card lines outstanding only $800 billion was reportedly in use.  So in the spring of 2009, with unemployment and bankruptcy on the rise, the card companies started to purge their books of plastic.  Lenders began unilaterally closing unused accounts in a furious attempt to control costs and reduce exposure.  They also began ‘balance chasing’, the practice of systematically trimming down credit line limits as debts get paid off.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Martha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Poon","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35311/galley/26235/download/"}]},{"pk":35299,"title":"Systems at Risk as Risk to the System","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Systemic risk in finance refers to at least three things, according to George G. Kaufman and Kenneth E. Scott: It connotes a macro shock that produces nearly simultaneous, large, adverse effects in most or all of the domestic economy or even international financial system. It can also refer to the risk of a chain reaction of falling interconnected dominos or a type of spillover that involves weaker and more indirect connections.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Myriam Dunn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cavelty","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35299/galley/26226/download/"}]},{"pk":35306,"title":"System Vulnerability and the Problem of National Survival","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Stephen J. Collier and Andrew Lakoff explode strategic bombing theory and the emergence of system-vulnerability thinking.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Collier","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lakoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35306/galley/26230/download/"}]},{"pk":35305,"title":"The ‘Becoming’ Insurable of Terrorism Risk in the US: Imagining Systemic Risk","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Philip Bougen explores terrorism risks and making the unthinkable insurable.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bougen","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35305/galley/26229/download/"}]},{"pk":35307,"title":"The Emergence of Systemic Financial Risk: From Structural Adjustment (Back) To Vulnerability Reduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How did “systemic risk” emerge from the Latin American Debt Crisis? Onur Ozgöde explains","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Onur","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ozgöde","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35307/galley/26231/download/"}]},{"pk":35303,"title":"The Morris Worm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Morris worm was released in November of 1988.  It was launched surreptitiously from an MIT computer by graduate student Robert Tappan Morris at Cornell University, and spread to internet-connected computers running the BSD variant of UNIX.  The worm was designed to be undetectable, but a design flaw led it to create far more copies of itself than Morris estimated, and resulted in the drastic over-taxing of all the computers on which it was installed.  This in turn allowed for its immediate detection and the repair of the flaws that it exploited.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Kelty","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35303/galley/26228/download/"}]},{"pk":35302,"title":"The Morris Worm on television","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[]},{"pk":35310,"title":"The Pre-History of Resilience in Ecological Research","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Brian Lindseth explains how “resilience” migrated from ecology of the 1970s to the systemic risks of the present.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lindseth","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35310/galley/26234/download/"}]},{"pk":35308,"title":"Uncertain about risk","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It was hard not be impressed with how this simple chart summarized the course of an astoundingly complex historical event.","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Holmes","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35308/galley/26232/download/"}]},{"pk":35296,"title":"What Is Systemic Risk?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0","short_name":"CC BY-SA 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2010-12-19T13:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35296/galley/26223/download/"}]},{"pk":4005,"title":"Quarrying and Mining (Stone)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Ancient quarrying and mining sites, which represent some of the most threatened archaeological sites in Egypt, often present extensive cultural landscapes comprising a range of material culture; however, their research potential is still not fully recognized. Hard and soft stone quarrying and gemstone mining in ancient Egypt are poorly understood activities, although both are well attested throughout the Pharaonic era. Current research is re-shaping ideas about, for example, the major use of stone tools and fire in extracting hard stones, transmission of stone-working technologies across often deep time depths, and the role of skilled kin-groups as a social construct rather than large unskilled labor forces.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"quarry"},{"word":"mine"},{"word":"hard stone"},{"word":"soft stone"},{"word":"gem stone"},{"word":"stone working"},{"word":"technology"},{"word":"raw material"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bb918sd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bloxam","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London, UK","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-31T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-03-31T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-17T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4005/galley/2581/download/"}]},{"pk":4004,"title":"Opet Festival","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The annual Opet Festival, during which the bark of Amun—and ultimately those of Mut, Khons, and the king as well—journeyed from Karnak to Luxor, became a central religious celebration of ancient Thebes during the 18th Dynasty. The rituals of the Opet Festival celebrated the sacred marriage of Amun—with whom the king merged—and Mut, resulting in the proper transmission of the royal ka and thus ensuring the maintenance of kingship.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Luxor Temple"},{"word":"Karnak"},{"word":"Amun"},{"word":"Mut"},{"word":"Khonsu"},{"word":"kingship"},{"word":"Sacred Marriage"},{"word":"Amenemope"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Religion/Religious Studies"}],"section":"Religion","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4739r3fr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Darnell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-18T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2008-04-18T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-12-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4004/galley/2580/download/"}]},{"pk":4003,"title":"Child Deities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Child deities constitute a unique class of divinities in Egyptian religion. A child deity is the child member (usually male) in a divine triad, constituting a family of father, mother, and child. The theology of child deities centered on fertility, abundance, and the legitimation of royal and hereditary succession. Child deities grew in importance in temple cult and popular worship in the first millennium BCE and became particularly prominent in the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Harpokrates"},{"word":"Ihi"},{"word":"Chons"},{"word":"Heka"},{"word":"Harsomtus"},{"word":"Harpara"},{"word":"Mammisi"},{"word":"Children"},{"word":"Horus"},{"word":"side lock"},{"word":"African"},{"word":"Religion/Religious Studies"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Other Religion"}],"section":"Religion","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cf2v6q3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dagmar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Budde","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Mainz","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-30T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-30T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-12-06T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4003/galley/2579/download/"}]},{"pk":4002,"title":"Kilns and Firing Structures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The purpose of firing pottery is to change clay, a plastic material, into ceramic, which is aplastic. Examined here are structures designed to fire pottery or faience or to make glass (although the latter might be better described as furnaces). Firing can take place in an open, bonfire-like environment, which can also be enclosed as a firing structure. Beyond this is the development of the true kiln of which there are two main types: updraft and downdraft. The first of these is by far the most common on archaeological sites throughout the world dating to before the nineteenth century CE. Here the firing technology of ancient Egypt is discussed in particular.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"ceramics"},{"word":"firing"},{"word":"bonfire"},{"word":"pyrotechnology"},{"word":"technology"},{"word":"kiln"},{"word":"updraft kiln"},{"word":"faience"},{"word":"glass"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Ceramic Materials"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47x6w6m0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nicholson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales, Cardiff, UK","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-03T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-03-03T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-20T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4002/galley/2578/download/"}]},{"pk":4001,"title":"Body","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The human body is both the physical form inhabited by an individual “self” and the medium through which an individual engages with society. Hence the body both shapes and is shaped by an individual’s social roles. In contrast to the cognate fields of archaeology, anthropology, and classics, there has been little explicit discussion or theorization of the body in Egyptology. Some recent works, discussed here, constitute an exception to this trend, but there is much more scope for exploring ancient Egyptian culture through the body, especially as evidenced in works of art and pictorial representation.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"body"},{"word":"self"},{"word":"person"},{"word":"art"},{"word":"Representation"},{"word":"social role"},{"word":"enculturation"},{"word":"physical form"},{"word":"fate"},{"word":"lifetime"},{"word":"shadow"},{"word":"magic"},{"word":"force"},{"word":"soul"},{"word":"heart"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Individual and Society","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f21r7sj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Riggs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of East Anglia, UK","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-10-21T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2008-10-21T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-17T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4001/galley/2577/download/"}]},{"pk":4000,"title":"Archaism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Certain features of ancient Egyptian culture display a conscious return to bygone times. Texts, architecture, and works of art often referred to elements of the remote past. This revival of the past is known as “archaism,” provided that there was a substantial gap in time between the model and the copy, and that the elements referred to had fallen out of use. Archaism appears to have been an elite phenomenon and is found in the royal as well as the (elite) non-royal sphere. It occurred during the Pharaonic Period, from at least the Old Kingdom onward, and was most obvious during the Third Intermediate and Late Periods.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"art"},{"word":"revival"},{"word":"text"},{"word":"copy"},{"word":"architecture"},{"word":"names"},{"word":"titles"},{"word":"Literature"},{"word":"writing"},{"word":"library"},{"word":"house of life"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tn7q1pf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jochem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kahl","name_suffix":"","institution":"Freie Universität Berlin","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-12-20T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-12-20T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-11T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4000/galley/2576/download/"}]},{"pk":17804,"title":"Accountable Care Organizations - The Basics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gp492ph","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lieser","name_suffix":"","institution":"CAL/ACEP Advocacy Fellow, Sacramento, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17804/galley/9093/download/"}]},{"pk":17758,"title":"Adaptation of the EPEC-EM™ Curriculum in a Residency with Asynchronous Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care for Emergency Medicine Project (EPEC™-EM) is a comprehensive curriculum in palliative and end-of-life care for emergency providers. We assessed the adaptation of this course to an EM residency program using synchronous and asynchronous learning.\n\n\nMethods: Curriculum adaptation followed Kern’s standardized six-step curriculum design process. Post-graduate year (PGY) 1-4 residents were taught all EPEC™-EM cognitive domains, divided as seven synchronous and seven asynchronous modules. All synchronous modules featured large group didactic lectures and review of EPEC™-EM course materials. Asynchronous modules use only EPEC™-EM electronic course media for resident self-study. Targeted evaluation for EPEC™-EM knowledge objectives was conducted by a prospective case-control crossover study, with synchronous learning serving as the quasi-control, using validated exam tools. We compared de-identified test scores for effectiveness of learning method, using aggregate group performance means for each learning strategy.\n\n\nResults: Of 45 eligible residents 55% participated in a pre-test for local needs analysis, and 78% completed a post-test to measure teaching method effect. Post-test scores improved across all EPEC™-EM domains, with a mean improvement for synchronous modules of +28% (SD=9) and a mean improvement for asynchronous modules of +30% (SD=18). The aggregate mean difference between learning methods was 1.9% (95% CI -15.3, +19.0). Mean test scores of the residents who completed the post-test were: synchronous modules 77% (SD=12); asynchronous modules 83% (SD=13); all modules 80% (SD=12).\n\n\nConclusion: EPEC™-EM adapted materials can improve resident knowledge of palliative medicine domains, as assessed through validated testing of course objectives. Synchronous and asynchronous learning methods appear to result in similar knowledge transfer, feasibly allowing some course content to be effectively delivered outside of large group lectures. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):491-498.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"palliative care"},{"word":"Graduate Medical Education"},{"word":"educational models"},{"word":"curriculum"},{"word":"Curriculum and Instruction"},{"word":"Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13b9r92m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Gisondi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dave","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"May","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nashville General Hospital, Meharry Medical School, Nashville, TN","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Norris","name_suffix":"","institution":"NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"D Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Courtney","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Paula","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tanabe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Engel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Linda","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Emanuel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Buehler Center for Health, Aging, and Society, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tammie","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Quest","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-12-17T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-12-17T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17758/galley/9068/download/"}]},{"pk":17726,"title":"Adherence to Dose of Succinylcholine and Etomidate in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"weight"},{"word":"RSI"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49b0s55z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"C","last_name":"McGillicuddy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"de la Pena","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goudie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fisher","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shapiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Leon","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Sanchez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-14T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-14T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17726/galley/9053/download/"}]},{"pk":17808,"title":"CAL/AAEM Supports Western Regional Emergency Medicine Symposium","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fs4j2gv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frumin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lacey","middle_name":"","last_name":"King","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shieh","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17808/galley/9095/download/"}]},{"pk":17792,"title":"Cardiomyopathy Following Latrodectus Envenomation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Latrodectus envenomations are common throughout the United States and the world.  While many envenomations can result in catecholamine release with resultant hypertension and tachycardia, myocarditis is very rare.  We describe a case of a 22- year-old male who sustained a Latrodectus envenomation complicated by cardiomyopathy. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):521-523.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"black widow"},{"word":"latrodectus"},{"word":"cardiomyopathy"},{"word":"pulmonary edema"},{"word":"Envenomation"},{"word":"cardiology"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Other Medical Specialties"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fv3t15n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levine","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center.  Phoenix, AZ","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Canning","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Medical Toxicology.  Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center.  Phoenix, AZ","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chase","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Internal Medicine.  Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center.  Phoenix, AZ","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anne-Michelle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ruha","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Medical Toxicology.  Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center.  Phoenix, AZ","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-12-11T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-12-11T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17792/galley/9085/download/"}]},{"pk":17793,"title":"Cholinergic Crisis after Rodenticide Poisoning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rodenticides have historically been common agents in attempted suicides. As most rodenticides in the United States (U.S.) are superwarfarins, these ingestions are generally managed conservatively with close monitoring for coagulopathy, and if necessary, correction of any resulting coagulopathy. However, alternate forms of rodenticides are imported illegally into the U.S. and may be ingested either accidentally or in suicide attempts. We present an unusual case of poisoning by the illegally imported rodenticide, “Tres Pasitos.” The main ingredient of this rat poison is aldicarb, a potent carbamate pesticide that causes fulminant cholinergic crisis. This case is relevant and timely because carbamates and organophosphates are still used as insecticides and emergency physicians (EP) working in rural areas may have to evaluate and manage patients with these poisonings. As international travel and immigration have increased, so has the possibility of encountering patients who have ingested toxic substances from other countries. In addition, there has been increased concern about the possibility of acts of terrorism using chemical substances that cause cholinergic toxidromes. ,  EPs must be able to recognize and manage these poisonings. This report describes the mechanism of action, clinical manifestations, laboratory evaluation and management of this type of poisoning. The pertinent medical literature on poisoning with aldicarb and similar substances is reviewed. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):524-527.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Tres Pasitos”"},{"word":"cholinergic crisis"},{"word":"aldicarb"},{"word":"carbamate"},{"word":"resuscitation"},{"word":"decontamination"},{"word":"Atropine"},{"word":"Pralidoxime"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hk4v64g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Muhammad","middle_name":"","last_name":"Waseem","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lincoln Medical & Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Perry","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lincoln Medical & Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bomann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lincoln Medical & Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Meena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pai","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York, Downstate School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gernsheimer","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York, Downstate Kings County Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-18T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-18T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17793/galley/9086/download/"}]},{"pk":17712,"title":"Chronic or Recurrent Pain in the Emergency Department:  A National Telephone Survey of Patient Experience","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: Persons with chronic or recurrent pain frequently visit the emergency department (ED), yet little research examines this experience. We conducted this national survey to assess patients’ ED experiences.\n\n\nMethods: We developed and conducted a ten-minute telephone survey using random digit dial methodology. We included adults with chronic or recurrent pain reporting an ED visit within two years.\n\n\nResults: We interviewed 500 adults. Sixty percent were female, their median age was 54, two-thirds were under a physician’s care, and 14% were uninsured. They reported an average of 4.2 ED visits within the past two years. Almost one-half reported “complete” or “a great deal” of pain relief during the ED visit, while 78% endorsed as “somewhat or definitely true” that “the ED staff understood how to treat my pain.” Although over three-fourths of patients felt that receiving additional information on pain management or referrals to specialists was “extremely” or “very” important, only one-half reported receiving such referrals or information. A significant minority (11%) reported that the “ED staff made me feel like I was just seeking drugs.” The majority (76%) were “somewhat” to “completely satisfied” with their treatment while 24% were \"neutral\" to “completely dissatisfied”. In multivariate models, age, recurrent pain, waiting time, imaging, receiving analgesics and pain relief predicted patient satisfaction.\n\n\nConclusion: Although those with chronic or recurrent pain report relatively high satisfaction with the ED, our findings suggests that specific areas, such as unmet needs for information and specialty referral, might be targeted to improve care. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5): 408-415.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"chronic pain"},{"word":"health services"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"survey study"},{"word":"Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wj0f36m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Knox","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Todd","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pain and Emergency Medicine Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Penney","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cowan","name_suffix":"","institution":"American Chronic Pain Association, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kelly","name_suffix":"","institution":"American Chronic Pain Association, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Homel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-28T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-28T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17712/galley/9043/download/"}]},{"pk":17735,"title":"Competitive Wrestling-related Injuries in School Aged Athletes in U.S. Emergency Departments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the characteristics of wrestling injuries occurring in male athletes aged 7-17 treated in United States (U.S.) emergency departments (ED) from 2000-2006, and to compare injury patterns between younger & older youth wrestlers.\n\n\nMethods: A stratified probability sample of U.S. hospitals providing emergency services in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used for 2000-2006. ED visits for injuries sustained in organized wrestling were analyzed for male patients ages 7-17 years old (subdivided into 7-11 years old [youth group] and 12-17 years old [scholastic group]).\n\n\nResults: During the study period, there were an estimated 167,606 ED visits for wrestling injuries in 7-17 years old U.S. males, with 152,710 (91.1%) occurring in the older (12-17 years old) group. The annual injury incidence was 6.49 injuries/1,000 wrestlers in the youth group and 29.57 injuries/1,000 wrestlers in the scholastic group. The distribution of diagnoses was similar in both age groups, with sprain/strain as the most common diagnosis, followed by fracture and contusion/abrasion. Distributions of injury by location were significantly different between groups (p=0.02), although both groups exhibited approximately 75% of all injuries from the waist up. Overexertion and struck by/against were the most common precipitating and direct mechanisms in both groups, respectively. Over 97% of all injured wrestlers were treated and released.\n\n\nConclusion: The types of injury in youth (7-11 years old) wrestlers are similar to those of scholastic (12-17 years old) wrestlers, although the distribution of body parts injured differs between the age groups. The majority of injuries occurs above the waist and may be a target for prevention strategies. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):442-449.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"injury prevention"},{"word":"Wrestling"},{"word":"child"},{"word":"adolescent"},{"word":"sports"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57n1z0d2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Myers","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Linakis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Mello","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Linakis","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-28T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-28T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17735/galley/9056/download/"}]},{"pk":17778,"title":"Dolor de Pecho","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"WPW"},{"word":"atrial fibrillation"},{"word":"Procainamide"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gq9p036","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anthony","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Arguija","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Beach Memorial Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-07-06T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-07-06T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17778/galley/9078/download/"}]},{"pk":17753,"title":"Emergency Medicine Residency Applicants’ Perceptions about Being Contacted after Interview Day","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: We sought to characterize the experiences and preferences of applicants to emergency medicine (EM) residency programs about being contacted by programs after their interview day but before the rank list submission deadline.\n\n\nMethods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all applicants to an academic EM residency during the 2006-2007 interview cycle. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. We used a Web-based survey software program to administer the survey in February 2007, after rank lists were submitted. Two additional invitations to participate were sent over the next month. The instrument contained multiple-choice and free-text items. This study was submitted to our Institutional Review Board and was exempt from formal review.\n\n\nResults: 240/706 (34%) of applicants completed the survey. 89% (214/240) of respondents reported being contacted by a residency program after their interview but before rank lists were due. Of those contacted, 91% report being contacted by e-mail; 67% by mail; and 55% by phone. 51% of subjects reported that being contacted changed the order of their rank list in at least one case. A majority of contacted applicants felt “happy” (58%) or “excited” (56%) about being contacted, but significant numbers reported feeling “put on the spot” (21%) or “uncomfortable” (17%). A majority felt that it is appropriate for programs to contact applicants after interview day but before the rank lists are submitted, but 39% of contacted subjects responded that contact by phone is either “always inappropriate” or “usually inappropriate.” Regarding perceptions regarding the rules of the match, 80% (165/206) of respondents felt it was appropriate to tell programs where they would be ranked, and 41% (85/206) felt it was appropriate for programs to notify applicants of their place on the program’s rank list.\n\n\nConclusion: Most EM residency applicants report being contacted by programs after the interview day but before rank lists are submitted. Although applicants feel this practice is appropriate in general, over a third of subjects feel that contact by phone is inappropriate. These findings suggest that residency programs can expect a majority of their applicants to be contacted after an interview at another program, and shed light on how applicants perceive this practice. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):474-478.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"education"},{"word":"Medical"},{"word":"Graduate  Emergency Medicine  Internship and Residency  Interviews  Ethics"},{"word":"Economics"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14f8p622","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lalena","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"DeIorio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Gaines","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-02T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-02T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17753/galley/9064/download/"}]},{"pk":17785,"title":"Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Pneumo-Vena Cava","subtitle":null,"abstract":"West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5):518-519.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emphysematous pyelonephritis"},{"word":"Pneumo-Vena Cava"},{"word":"sepsis"},{"word":"pyelonephritis"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Infectious disease"},{"word":"Nephrology"},{"word":"Urology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wc2p4vv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Center.  University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.  National Institutes of Health.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Diane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scheer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Silverberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-03-22T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-03-22T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17785/galley/9080/download/"}]},{"pk":17757,"title":"Evaluating Emergency Medicine Faculty at End-of-Shift","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Faculty often evaluate learners in the emergency department (ED) at the end of each shift. In contrast, learners usually evaluate faculty only at the end of a rotation. In December 2007 [X] School of Medicine changed its evaluation process, requiring ED trainees to complete end-of-shift evaluations of faculty.\n\n\nObjective: Determine the feasibility and acceptance of end-of-shift evaluations for emergency medicine faculty.\n\n\nMethods: We conducted this one-year observational study at two hospitals with 120,000 combined annual ED visits. Trainees (residents and students) anonymously completed seven-item shift evaluations and placed them in a locked box. Trainees and faculty completed a survey about the new process.\n\n\nResults: During the study, trainees were assigned 699 shifts, and 633 end-of-shift evaluations were collected for a completion rate of 91%. The median number of ratings per faculty was 31, and the median number of comments was 11 for each faculty. The survey was completed by 16/22 (73%) faculty and 41/69 (59%) trainees. A majority of faculty (86%) and trainees (76%) felt comfortable being evaluated at end-of-shift. No trainees felt it was a time burden.\n\n\nConclusion: Evaluating faculty following an ED shift is feasible. End-of-shift faculty evaluations are accepted by trainees and faculty. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):486-490.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"shift evaluations"},{"word":"faculty evaluation"},{"word":"Medical Education"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n44z052","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Regina","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Kovach","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Springfield, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Griffen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Francis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Springfield, IL","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-01-05T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-01-05T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17757/galley/9067/download/"}]},{"pk":17713,"title":"Evaluation of Emergency Medicine Community Educational Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Out-of-hospital emergencies occur frequently, and laypersons are often the first to respond to these events. As an outreach to our local communities, we developed “Basic Emergency Interventions Everyone Should Know,” a three-hour program addressing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator use, heart attack and stroke recognition and intervention, choking and bleeding interventions and infant and child safety. Each session lasted 45 minutes and was facilitated by volunteers from the emergency department staff. A self-administered 13-item questionnaire was completed by each participant before and after the program. A total of 183 participants completed the training and questionnaires. Average score pre-training was nine while the average score post-training was 12 out of a possible 13 (P< .0001). At the conclusion of the program 97% of participants felt the training was very valuable and 100% would recommend the program to other members of their community. [West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5):416-418.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"outreach"},{"word":"education"},{"word":"AED"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b1195xw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Estevan","middle_name":"Adan","last_name":"Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Antonios","middle_name":"","last_name":"Likourezos","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramsay","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lenox Hill Medical Center, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sherry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hoffman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Niles","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michelle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pearl-Davis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Podolsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergeny Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Davidson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-01-11T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-01-11T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17713/galley/9044/download/"}]},{"pk":17797,"title":"Expressive Aphasia and Carotid Dissection","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound images of a patient presenting to the Emergency Department with expressive aphasia who was found to have carotid dissection.  The first image is a standard 2D image that depicts the internal carotid with a visible flap within the lumen.  The second image is a color Doppler image showing turbulent flow within the true lumen and visible flow within the false lumen.  The case and the patient’s outcome are summarized along with some teaching points about carotid dissection.  Also, there is some background and research on using ultrasound to help identify dissection. [West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5):530-531.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound"},{"word":"cervical"},{"word":"Dissection"},{"word":"Carotid"},{"word":"Aphasia"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tf6t3xc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Simmons","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brooks","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Laselle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Della-Giustina","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-05-20T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-05-20T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17797/galley/9088/download/"}]},{"pk":17724,"title":"GlideScope Videolaryngoscopy in the Simulated Difficult Airway: Bougie vs a Standard Stylet","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy (GVL) has been shown to improve visualization of the glottis compared to direct laryngoscopy (DL). However, due to the angle of approach to the glottis, intubation can still be challenging. We hypothesized that novice GVL users would be able to intubate faster and easier using an airway introducer (frequently known as a bougie) than with a standard intubating stylet. Methods: Intubations were performed on a human airway simulator with settings for easy and difficult airways. Participants were emergency medicine (EM) residents or faculty (n=21) who were novice GVL users. Participants were intubated a total of eight times (four GVL, four DL) using either a bougie or an intubating stylet. We recorded time to intubate (TTI) and difficulty rating using a visual analog scale (VAS) and non-parametric statistical methods for analysis. We reported medians with interquartile range (IQR). Results: The median TTI with difficult airway settings and the bougie-GVL was 76 seconds (IQR 50, 102) versus 64 seconds (IQR 50.5, 125), p=0.76 for the stylet-GVL combination. The median VAS difficulty score, on difficult airway settings, for the bougie-GVL was 5 cm (IQR 3.3, 8.0) versus 6.2cm (IQR 5.0, 7.5) with the stylet-GVL, p=0.53. Conclusion: Among novices using GVL for simulated difficult airway management, there was no benefit, in terms of speed or ease of intubation, by using the bougie over the standard stylet. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):426-431.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"management"},{"word":"videolaryngoscopy"},{"word":"Emergency Intubation"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm0g3mr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alison","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Nielsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charity","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Hope","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Aaron","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Bair","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California,  Davis school of Medicine,  Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-10T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-04-10T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17724/galley/9051/download/"}]},{"pk":17710,"title":"Human Trafficking in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human trafficking continues to persist, affecting up to 200 million people worldwide. As clinicians in emergency departments commonly encounter victims of intimate partner violence, some of these encounters will be with trafficking victims. These encounters provide a rare opportunity for healthcare providers to intervene and help. This case report of a human trafficking patient from a teaching hospital illustrates the complexity in identifying these victims. Clinicians can better identify potential trafficking cases by increasing their awareness of this phenomenon, using qualified interpreters, isolating potential victims by providing privacy and using simple clear reassuring statements ensuring security. A multidisciplinary approach can then be mobilized to help these patients. [West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5); 402-404.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Human Rights"},{"word":"Human Trafficking"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Other Public Health"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f37j7j8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronak","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Roy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Global Health and Human Rights","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Burke","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Dept. of Emergency Medicine Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Harvard Medical School","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-02-15T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-02-15T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17710/galley/9041/download/"}]},{"pk":17773,"title":"Iatrogenic Claudication from a Vascular Closure Device after Cardiac Catheterization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We report a case of iatrogenic claudication as a result of a misplaced percutaneous arterial closure device (PACD) used to obtain hemostasis after cardiac catheterization. The patient presented one week after his procedure with complaints suggestive of right lower extremity claudication. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated a near total occlusion of the right common femoral artery from a PACD implemented during the cardiac catheterization. The use of PACD’s to obtain rapid hemostasis is estimated to occur in half of all cardiac catheterizations. Ischemic complications as a result of these devices must be considered when evaluating post procedural patients with extremity complaints. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):512-513.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"cardiac catheterization complication"},{"word":"Claudication"},{"word":"hemostasis"},{"word":"cardiology"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b41w1fr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Luke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hermann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mt Sinai School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Evelyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chow","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mt Sinai School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"Lane","last_name":"Duvall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mt Sinai School of Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-13T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-13T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17773/galley/9075/download/"}]},{"pk":17740,"title":"Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Anaphylaxis in the Acute Care Setting","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The identification and appropriate management of those at highest risk for life-threatening anaphylaxis remains a clinical enigma. The most widely used criteria for such patients were developed in a symposium convened by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network. In this paper we review the current literature on the diagnosis of acute allergic reactions as well as atypical presentations that clinicians should recognize. Review of case series reveals significant variability in definition and approach to this common and potentially life-threatening condition. Series on fatal cases of anaphylaxis indicate that mucocutaneous signs and symptoms occur less frequently than in milder cases. Of biomarkers studied to aid in the work-up of possible anaphylaxis, drawing blood during the initial six hours of an acute reaction for analysis of serum tryptase has been recommended in atypical cases. This can provide valuable information when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made by history and physical exam. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5); 456-461.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"anaphylaxis"},{"word":"Tryptase"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Allergy and Immunology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rt1s57j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hjalti","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Bjornsson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norfolk, VA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Graffeo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norfolk, VA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-29T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-07-29T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17740/galley/9059/download/"}]},{"pk":17799,"title":"Intrapericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia"},{"word":"IPDH"},{"word":"diaphragmatic hernia"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Surgery"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h45w67f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Heiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hillary","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Harper","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Todd","middle_name":"J","last_name":"McArthur","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-07-03T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-07-03T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17799/galley/9090/download/"}]},{"pk":17739,"title":"Leukocytosis as a Prognostic Indicator of Major Injury","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To test the diagnostic use of the triage white blood cell (WBC) count in differentiating major from minor injuries.\n\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective study of a prospectively collected database of trauma patients 13 years of age or older at a Level I trauma center from January 2005 through December 2008. We excluded all patients with obvious life-threatening injuries requiring immediate surgery, isolated head trauma, transferred from another institution or dead on arrival. We recorded age, sex, injury mechanism, vital signs, WBC, base deficit (BD), lactate (LAC) and calculated injury severity scores (ISS). Major injury was defined as either a change in hematocrit >10 points or blood transfused within 24 hours, or ISS >15.\n\n\nResults: 805 patients were included in the study with an average age of 38.6 years (Range 13-95 yrs) years. 75.3% of patients were male, 45.6% had blunt and 34.4% had penetrating trauma. For vital signs, blood pressure was not significantly different between major and minor injury patients. Major compared to minor injury patients had a statistically but not clinically significant higher heart rate. Major injury patients had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher WBC count (10.53 K/µl, 95% CI: 9.7-11.3) compared to patients with minor injuries (8.92 K/µl, 95% CI: 8.7-9.2), but both were in the normal range. Patients with major compared to minor injury had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher BD (-3.1 versus -0.027 mmol/L) and higher LAC (3.9 versus 2.48 mmol/L). Areas under the curve for WBC count (0.60, 95% CI: 0.54-0.66) are similar to BD (0.69, 95% CI: 0.63-0.74) and LAC (0.66, 95% CI: 0.60-0.71).\n\n\nConclusion: WBC count is not a useful addition as a diagnostic indicator of major trauma in our study population. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):450-455.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"white blood cell count"},{"word":"Leukocytosis"},{"word":"lactate"},{"word":"Base deficit"},{"word":"shock"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vz3k9mc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lorenzo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Paladino","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ramanand","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Subramanian","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Elisabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bonilla","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"H","last_name":"Sinert","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-12-10T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-12-10T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17739/galley/9058/download/"}]},{"pk":17706,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74j983pr","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17706/galley/9039/download/"}]},{"pk":17711,"title":"Miliary Tuberculosis Coinfection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):405-407.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"miliary tuberculosis"},{"word":"Human immunodeficiency virus"},{"word":"Immigration"},{"word":"Bacterial Infections and Mycoses"},{"word":"Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/756194kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Esteve","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Internal Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"August","middle_name":"","last_name":"Supervía","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Emergency Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Oriol","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pallàs","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Emergency Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"María","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Martínez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Emergency Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"María","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Montero","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Internal Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francisco","middle_name":"","last_name":"del Baño","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hospital del Mar, Department of Emergency Medicine, Barcelona, Spain","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-11-12T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-11-12T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17711/galley/9042/download/"}]},{"pk":17763,"title":"Multiple Organ Transplantation after Suicide by Acetaminophen and Gunshot Wound","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Emergency physicians (EP) and medical toxicologists are integral in identifying and treating patients with overdoses. Transplant centers are expanding acceptance criteria to consider those with poison-related deaths. We present a case of a simultaneous gunshot wound to the head and an acetaminophen overdose. This case highlights the importance of EPs and medical toxicologists in recognizing the medical complexity of suicides, optimizing treatment, and timing of organ procurement. Early antidote administration and aggressive supportive care allowed the patient to be evaluated as a potential donor. EPs and medical toxicologists have integral roles in overdose patients as organ donors. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):506-509.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Acetaminophen Overdose"},{"word":"Suicide"},{"word":"Transplantation"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fd4c62d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Sutter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Daily","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Surgery, Davis, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kelly","middle_name":"P","last_name":"Owen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"G","middle_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Daubert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Albertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis, Department of Medicine, Davis, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-03-26T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-03-26T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17763/galley/9070/download/"}]},{"pk":17716,"title":"“Nonreciprocal and Reciprocal Dating Violence and Injury Occurrence among Urban Youth\": A Commentary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"phsycial dating violence"},{"word":"reciprocity"},{"word":"Epidemiology"},{"word":"Health/Medical Psychology"},{"word":"Psychological Phenomena and Processes"},{"word":"Social Psychology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cf8j9b3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Merle","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Hamburger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kathleen","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Basile","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-08-27T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-08-27T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17716/galley/9047/download/"}]},{"pk":17796,"title":"Penetrating Atherosclerotic Aortic Ulcer","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound"},{"word":"Penetrating Atherosclerotic Aortic Ulcer"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g3690zt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Walsh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brooks","middle_name":"","last_name":"Laselle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stull","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-07-12T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-07-12T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17796/galley/9087/download/"}]},{"pk":17743,"title":"Potentially Low Cost Solution to Extend Use of Early Generation Computed Tomography","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In preparing a case report on Brown-Séquard syndrome for publication, we made the incidental finding that the inexpensive, commercially available three-dimensional (3D) rendering software we were using could produce high quality 3D spinal cord reconstructions from any series of two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images. This finding raises the possibility that spinal cord imaging capabilities can be expanded where bundled 2D multi-planar reformats and 3D reconstruction software for CT are not available and in situations where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is either not available or appropriate (e.g. metallic implants). Given the worldwide burden of trauma and considering the limited availability of MRI and advanced generation CT scanners, we propose an alternative, potentially useful approach to imaging spinal cord that might be useful in areas where technical capabilities and support are limited. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):463-466.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"CT"},{"word":"spinal cord"},{"word":"myelography"},{"word":"3D"},{"word":"Injury"},{"word":"imaging"},{"word":"radiology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41j3j93x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Tonna","name_suffix":"","institution":"Joseph E Tonna, MD Stanford/Kaiser Emergency Medicine Stanford University, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Balanoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"American Museum of Natural History","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Lewin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute for Exploration and Travel Health, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Namjilmaa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saandari","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Public Health Service, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wintermark","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Virginia, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-01-01T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-01-01T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17743/galley/9061/download/"}]},{"pk":17801,"title":"President's Message December 2010","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jf2c34v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Potts","name_suffix":"","institution":"CAL/AAEM","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17801/galley/9091/download/"}]},{"pk":17715,"title":"Prevalence, Health and Demographic Characteristics of Emergency Department Patients with Diabetes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetes in Southern California emergency department (ED) patients and describe the self-reported general health, demographic and social characteristics of these patients with diabetes.  Methods: Between April 2008 and August 2008, non-critical patients at two Southern California EDs completed a 57-question survey about their chronic medical conditions, general health, social and demographic characteristics.   Results: 11.3% of the 1,303 patients surveyed had diabetes. Patients with diabetes were similar to ED patients without diabetes with respect to gender, ethnicity and race. However, patients with diabetes were older (51 vs. 41), less likely to have a high school education (64.0% vs. 84.7%), less likely to speak English (44.9% vs. 55.4%), and less likely to be uninsured (33.3% vs. 49.5%). Additionally, patients with diabetes had markedly lower self-reported physical health scores (37.1 vs. 45.8) and mental component score and mental health scores (42.0 vs. 47.4) compared with ED patients without diabetes.  Conclusion: In this study of two Southern California EDs, 11.3% of surveyed patients had diabetes. These patients were often poorly educated, possessed limited English language skills and poor physical health. ED personnel and diabetes educators should be mindful of these findings when designing interventions for ED patients with diabetes.  [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):419-422.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Diabetes"},{"word":"Epidemiology"},{"word":"Public Health Interventions"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72g9r3r8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Menchine","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vishwanath","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sanjay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arora","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-01-31T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-01-31T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17715/galley/9046/download/"}]},{"pk":17755,"title":"Quality Improvement Practices in Academic Emergency Medicine: Perspectives from the Chairs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess academic emergency medicine (EM) chairs’ perceptions of quality improvement (QI) training programs.\n\n\nMethods: A voluntary anonymous 20 item survey was distributed to a sample of academic chairs of EM through the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine. Data was collected to assess the percentage of academic emergency physicians who had received QI training, the type of training they received, their perception of the impact of this training on behavior, practice and outcomes, and any perceived barriers to implementing QI programs in the emergency department.\n\n\nResults: The response rate to the survey was 69% (N = 59). 59.3% of respondents report that their hospital has a formal QI program for physicians. Chairs received training in a variety of QI programs. The type of QI program used by respondents was perceived as having no impact on goals achieved by QI (χ2 = 12.382; p = 0.260), but there was a statistically significant (χ2 = 14.383; p = 0.006) relationship between whether or not goals were achieved and academic EM chairs’ perceptions about return on investment for QI training. Only 22% of chairs responded that they have already made changes as a result of the QI training. 78.8% of EM chairs responded that quality programs could have a significant positive impact on their practice and the healthcare industry. Chairs perceived that QI programs had the most potential value in the areas of understanding and reducing medical errors and improving patient flow and throughput. Other areas of potential value of QI include improving specific clinical indicators and standardizing physician care.\n\n\nConclusion: Academic EM chairs perceived that QI programs were an effective way to drive needed improvements. The results suggest that there is a high level of interest in QI but a low level of adoption of training and implementation.[West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):479-485.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Quality Improvement"},{"word":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Six Sigma"},{"word":"Lean"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Health and Medical Administrative Services"},{"word":"Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99q3j0vf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jami","middle_name":"L","last_name":"DelliFraine","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"Langabeer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brent","middle_name":"","last_name":"King","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-07T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-10-07T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17755/galley/9065/download/"}]},{"pk":17730,"title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Dog Bites with Refined Cost Model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of infection at which it is cost-effective to treat dog bite wounds with antibiotics.\n\n\nMethods: Our study was composed of two parts. First we performed a randomized, doubleblind controlled trial (RCT) to compare the infection rates of dog bite wounds in patients given amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus placebo. Subjects were immunocompetent patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with dog bite wounds less than 12 hours old without suspected neurovascular, tendon, joint or bone injury, and who had structured follow-up after two weeks. Second, we developed a cost model with sensitivity analysis to determine thresholds for treatment.\n\n\nResults: In the RCT, primary outcomes were obtained in 94 patients with dog bites. The overall wound infection rate at two weeks was 2% [95% CI 0 to 7%]. Two of 46 patients (4%) receiving no antibiotics developed infections, while none of the 48 patients (0%) receiving prophylactic antibiotics developed an infection (absolute reduction 4% [95% CI -1.0 to 4.5%]). Using a sensitivity analysis across a rate of infections from 0-10%, our cost model determined that prophylactic antibiotics were cost effective if the risk of wound infection was greater than 5% and antibiotics could decrease that risk by greater than 3%.\n\n\nConclusion: Our wound infection rate was lower than older studies and more in line with current estimates. Assuming that prophylactic antibiotics could provide an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 3%, it would not be cost effective to treat wounds with an infection rate of less than 3% and unlikely that the ARR would be achievable unless the baseline rate was greater than 5%, suggesting that only wounds with greater than 5% risk of infection should be treated. Future work should focus on identifying wounds at high-risk of infection that would benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):435-441.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"dog bite"},{"word":"Infection"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Infectious disease"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5br825ff","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"V","last_name":"Quinn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"McDermott","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rossi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kramer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-22T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-06-22T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17730/galley/9055/download/"}]},{"pk":17802,"title":"San Diego Speakers Series","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4091t5w0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Keith","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yablonicky","name_suffix":"","institution":"CAL/AAEM Secretary-Treasurer","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17802/galley/9092/download/"}]},{"pk":17780,"title":"Sciatic Artery Aneurysm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):516-517.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"aneurysm"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"artery"},{"word":"sciatic"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jt4q6nv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Azita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Javdanfar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"","last_name":"Celentano","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-11-04T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-11-04T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17780/galley/9079/download/"}]},{"pk":17770,"title":"Seizure as Initial Manifestation of Aortic Dissection Type A","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Seizure as the initial manifestation of aortic dissection is rare.\n\n\nCase report: An 88-year-old female experienced a first generalized tonic clonic seizure, which was terminated with midazolam. Acute cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and angiography were non-informative. After awaking she complained about cramping pain in the right upper extremity, which was accompanied by involuntary flexion movements of the right upper extremity. Blood pressure was initially normal. Blood gases revealed metabolic acidosis and blood chemical investigations a markedly increased D-dimer. Consecutively blood pressure declined and transthoracic echocardiography showed pericardial effusion. A computed tomography scan of the thorax revealed an aortic dissection type A. The patient died 16 hours after admission after cardiothoracic surgeons had refused surgical treatment.\n\n\nConclusion: This case shows that a generalized tonic-clonic seizure may be the initial manifestation of an aortic dissection type A in the absence of thoracic chest pain and that brachyalgia may not develop earlier than with progression of the dissection. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):510-511.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"epilepsy"},{"word":"Seizure"},{"word":"carotid artery"},{"word":"Aortic Dissection"},{"word":"cardiac surgery"},{"word":"cardiology"},{"word":"Neurology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2969w3kb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Josef","middle_name":"","last_name":"Finsterer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vienna, Austria, Europe","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marlies","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frank","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vienna, Austria, Europe","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hans","middle_name":"","last_name":"Keller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vienna, Austria, Europe","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bastowanski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vienna, Austria, Europe","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-04-23T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-04-23T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17770/galley/9074/download/"}]},{"pk":17741,"title":"Spectacular Retroperitoneal Impalement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):462.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"impalement"},{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"Surgery"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fm6c3cj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marcello","middle_name":"","last_name":"Picchio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital \"P. Colombo\", Rome, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Onofrio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rinaldi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital “S. Paolo”, Naples, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Antonio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sfarzo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital “S. Paolo”, Naples, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Domenico","middle_name":"","last_name":"Palimento","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital “S. Paolo”, Naples, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francesco","middle_name":"","last_name":"De Angelis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, University of  Rome “La Sapienza”, Latina, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Erasmo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Spaziani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Surgery, University of  Rome “La Sapienza”, Latina, Italy","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-05-02T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-05-02T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17741/galley/9060/download/"}]},{"pk":17759,"title":"Standardized Patients to Teaching Medical Students about Intimate Partner Violence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To use 360-degree evaluations within an Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to assess medical student comfort level and communication skills with intimate partner violence (IPV) patients.\n\n\nMethods: We assessed a cohort of fourth year medical students’ performance using an IPV standardized patient (SP) encounter in an OSCE. Blinded pre- and post-tests determined the students’ knowledge and comfort level with core IPV assessment. Students, SPs and investigators completed a 360-degree evaluation that focused on each student’s communication and competency skills. We computed frequencies, means and correlations.\n\n\nResults: Forty-one students participated in the SP exercise during three separate evaluation periods. Results noted insignificant increase in students’ comfort level pre-test (2.7) and post-test (2.9). Although 88% of students screened for IPV and 98% asked about the injury, only 39% asked about verbal abuse, 17% asked if the patient had a safety plan, and 13% communicated to the patient that IPV is illegal. Using Likert scoring on the competency and overall evaluation (1, very poor and 5, very good), the mean score for each evaluator was 4.1 (competency) and 3.7 (overall). The correlations between trainee comfort level and the specific competencies of patient care, communication skill and professionalism were positive and significant (p<0.05).\n\n\nConclusion: Students felt somewhat comfortable caring for patients with IPV. OSCEs with SPs can be used to assess student competencies in caring for patients with IPV. [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(5):500-505.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"education"},{"word":"Undergraduate Medical Education"},{"word":"OSCE"},{"word":"intimate partner violence"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gj125fz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sheryl","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Heron","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Ander","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Debra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Houry","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Dahlia","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Hassani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tammie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quest","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, GA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-24T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2009-09-24T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17759/galley/9069/download/"}]},{"pk":17700,"title":"Table of Contents December 2010","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0630871x","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2011-01-13T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17700/galley/9036/download/"}]},{"pk":17747,"title":"Targeted Needs Assessment of Off Service Residents in Emergency Medicine","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the needs of internal medicine residents rotating through the emergency department (ED).\n\n\nMethods: A survey was distributed to 100 internal medicine residents (post-graduate years 2 and 3) from two different residency programs before the start of their emergency medicine (EM) rotation. Residents ranked the level of importance and the level of preparedness for 23 different EM topics, using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (least important/least prepared) to 4 (most important/most prepared). We calculated delta values (Δ) from the difference between importance and preparedness and undertook significance testing of this difference.\n\n\nResults: A total of 71 out of 100 surveys were completed properly and returned. Internal medicine residents felt most ill-prepared in the areas of orthopedics, environmental emergencies, otolaryngology, airway management, and ophthalmology. The largest perceived gaps between importance and preparedness lay within the areas of airway management ( Δ=1.30), ophthalmology ( Δ=1.10), environmental emergencies (Δ=0.96), and orthopedics ( Δ=0.96).\n\n\nConclusion: Our data suggest that internal medicine residents are inadequately prepared for EM topics that they feel are important to their education, specifically airway management, ophthalmology, environmental emergencies and orthopedics. It is quite possible that other specialty residents are also poorly prepared for similar core EM topics. These data will hopefully guide future curricular change for off-service residents in the ED. [West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5):470-473.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"needs assessment"},{"word":"Resident Education"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59506428","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chad","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Kessler","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Vaishal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tolia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Navpaul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singh","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois, Chicago, IL","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-01-23T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-01-23T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17747/galley/9062/download/"}]},{"pk":17789,"title":"Torus Mandibularis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial  4.0","short_name":"CC BY-NC 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"torus mandibularis"},{"word":"oral lesions"},{"word":"Dentistry"},{"word":"Medicine"},{"word":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"word":"Oral Biology and Oral Pathology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85w8k70z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Unterman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Margaret","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fitzpatrick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-07-09T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-07-09T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-10T01:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17789/galley/9082/download/"}]},{"pk":38147,"title":"Accumulation of Knowledge in Theoretical History: A Review Essay on Historical Macrosociology by Nikolai S. Rozov","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Accumulation of Knowledge in Theoretical History A Review Essay on Historical Macrosociology: Methodology and Methods by Nikolai S. Rozov (Novosibirsk State University, 2009).","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Social Sciences"}],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm5m7wt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sergey","middle_name":"V","last_name":"Tsirel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Saint-Petersburg State Mining Institute","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-11-27T01:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2010-11-27T01:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2010-11-06T01:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cliodynamics/article/38147/galley/28714/download/"}]},{"pk":38143,"title":"A Dynamic Theory of Battle Victory and Defeat","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Victory or defeat in battle is modeled as a set of flow charts for dynamic simulation. Two main causal pathways are: from material resources via logistics to firepower at point of assault; and from organizational morale (emotional energy, coordination, discipline) to maneuver.  According to empirical research by the author and others, the crucial event is organizational breakdown, which is more strongly affected by maneuver than by firepower of assault, and which leads to battle victory or defeat. Casualties are more strongly affected by organizational breakdown than by assault firepower. Additional pathways lead to attrition, feedbacks to material resources and to morale, and to long-term war outcomes and geopolitical consequences. Revolutions in military technology do not require a separate model or new theory, since all technological innovations operate by changing the strength of pathways in the basic model. These models give a more precise understanding of Clausewitzian friction or “fog of war.”","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Military"},{"word":"organizational breakdown"},{"word":"victory"},{"word":"geopolitics"},{"word":"friction"},{"word":"Clausewitz"},{"word":"military transformation"},{"word":"Social Sciences"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mv6v0r1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Randall","middle_name":"","last_name":"Collins","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-05-14T01:00:00-06:00","date_accepted":"2010-05-14T01:00:00-06:00","date_published":"2010-11-06T01:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cliodynamics/article/38143/galley/28710/download/"}]}]}