{"count":39543,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=30400","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=30200","results":[{"pk":17110,"title":"The Clinical Differentiation of Cerebellar Infarction from Common Vertigo Syndromes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes the emergency department approach to diagnosing cerebellar infarction in the patient presenting with vertigo. Vertigo is defined and identification of a vertigo syndrome is discussed. The differentiation of common vertigo syndromes such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, migrainous vertigo, and vestibular neuritis is summarized. Confirmation of a peripheral vertigo syndrome substantially lowers the likelihood of cerebellar infarction, as do indicators of a peripheral disorder such as an abnormal head impulse test. Approximately 10% of patients with cerebellar infarction present with vertigo and no localizing neurologic deficits. The majority of these may have other signs of central vertigo, specifically direction-changing nystagmus and severe ataxia.\n\n\n[West J Emerg Med. 2009;10(4):273-277.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"vertigo"},{"word":"Cerebellar infarction"},{"word":"Physical Examination"},{"word":"direction-changing nystagmus"},{"word":"gait"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gt0d3x7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Nelson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at San Diego, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Erik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Viirre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-22T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-03-22T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17110/galley/8646/download/"}]},{"pk":5268,"title":"The Judder of the Cricket: The Variance Underlying the Invariance in Behavior","subtitle":null,"abstract":"While the behavior of many animals can be identified as involving discrete and stereotyped actions, there is a persistent tension between emphasizing the fixedness of the actions (“Fixed Action Patterns”) and emphasizing the variation in the components comprising those actions (“Modal ActionPatterns”). One such action, the back and forward judder of crickets often exhibited in agonistic interactions, was analyzed. Judders occurring on a horizontal surface by Gryllus bimaculatus were compared to those occurring on an inclined platform. Although the body movements involved were variable, that variability occurred in the context of maintaining some features of judder invariant. For example, the crickets maintained their bodies so that they were horizontal relative to the substrate, not to gravity, and most features of the back and forward movement (e.g., distance moved, velocity) were maintained as fixed despite differences in posture and movement. At a theoretical level, what these findings suggest is that behavior patterns involve a combination of fixedness and variation in the service of that fixedness. It becomes an empirical issue to discern these complementary components.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Cricket"},{"word":"Behavioral invariance"},{"word":"Fixed action"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s84c989","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sergio","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Pellis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lethbridge","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gray","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lethbridge","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Cade","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lethbridge","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T03:23:01Z","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T03:23:01Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5268/galley/3147/download/"}]},{"pk":17059,"title":"The Role of WestJEM in Promoting International Emergency Medicine","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[WestJEM. 2009;10(4):225-226.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"International emergency medicine"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x80j6zr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Langdorf","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francesco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Della Corte","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Eastern Piedmont School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Critical Emergency Medicine, Novara, Italy","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Roberta","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petrino","name_suffix":"","institution":"St. Andrea Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vercelli, Italy","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-11-12T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-11-12T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17059/galley/8621/download/"}]},{"pk":17092,"title":"The Utility of Bedside Ultrasound in the Detection of a Ruptured Globe in a Porcine Model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent case reports have shown that ultrasonography can be used to diagnose ocular pathology in an emergency setting. Ultrasound may be especially useful when periorbital edema and pain interfere with the examination of the post-traumatic eye.\n\n\nObjective: This study evaluated the ability of emergency physicians to detect a ruptured globe in an ex-vivo porcine model.\n\n\nMethods: Following a brief training lecture, 15 emergency medicine residents and 4 emergency medicine attending physicians used ultrasonography to evaluate 18 porcine eyes, randomized as normal, ruptured, or completely devoid of vitreous humor. The consequences of ultrasound applanation with this method were evaluated by measuring intraocular pressure changes with and without a 1mm clear plastic shield.\n\n\nResults: Our study participants were able to identify abnormal eyes with a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 73% to 84%) and a specificity of 51% (95% CI 41% to 61%). Intraocular pressure increased 5% with ultrasound applanation, though with a 1mm thick plastic shield there was no measurable change.\n\n\nConclusions: Ultrasound imaging may be a future modality to be used by trained emergency physicians to expedite the identification of a rupture globe, but it is unlikely to replace more definitive imaging techniques. The use of a clear plastic barrier in this porcine model prevents an increase in intra-ocular pressure without affecting image quality, and should be used in any future studies on this method.\n\n\n[West J Emerg Med. 2009;10(4):263-266.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound"},{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"ruptured globe"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38z7x2ph","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chandra","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York Hospital Queens","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Todd","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mastrovitch","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York Hospital Queens","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Heidi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ladner","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York Hospital Queens","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Vincent","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ting","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York Hospital Queens","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Radeos","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York Hospital Queens","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sandeep","middle_name":"","last_name":"Samudre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17092/galley/8638/download/"}]},{"pk":17077,"title":"Thyroid Gland Hematoma After Blunt Neck Trauma","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Hemorrhage of a previously normal thyroid gland as a result of blunt trauma is a very rare condition. We report a case of blunt trauma that caused acute hemorrhage into the thyroid gland and presented with hoarseness. The diagnosis of thyroid gland hematoma was made with a combination of fiberoptic laryngoscopy, cervical computed tomography, and carotid angiography. The patient was treated conservatively, had a favorable course without further complications, and was discharged four days after admission.\n\n\n[West J Emerg Med. 2009;10(4):247-249.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Blunt neck trauma  thyroid hematoma  conservative treatment"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r7572tr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Baris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saylam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of 3rd Surgery","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bulent","middle_name":"","last_name":"Comcali","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of 3rd Surgery","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mehmet","middle_name":"Vasfi","last_name":"Ozer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of 3rd Surgery","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Faruk","middle_name":"","last_name":"Coskun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of 3rd Surgery","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-20T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-05-20T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17077/galley/8632/download/"}]},{"pk":17147,"title":"Ultrasound-Confirmed Frontal Bone Fracture","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[West J Emerg Med. 2009;10(4):303]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound"},{"word":"Frontal"},{"word":"Sinus"},{"word":"Fracture"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nj6k1z2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeremy","middle_name":"N","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Crandall","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Kang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Madigan Army Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2007-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17147/galley/8662/download/"}]},{"pk":17162,"title":"Western Regional Emergency Medicine Student Symposium","subtitle":null,"abstract":"N/A","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn2h6w7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Joseph","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jorge","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-11-30T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-11-30T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17162/galley/8670/download/"}]},{"pk":17082,"title":"Wound Botulism in Injection Drug Users: Time to Antitoxin Correlates with Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We sought to identify factors associated with need for mechanical ventilation (MV), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, and poor outcome in injection drug users (IDUs) with wound botulism (WB).\n\n\nMethods: This is a retrospective review of WB patients admitted between 1991-2005. IDUs were included if they had symptoms of WB and diagnostic confirmation. Primary outcome variables were the need for MV, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, hospital-related complications, and death.\n\n\nResults: Twenty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty-two (76%) admitted to heroin use only and seven (24%) admitted to heroin and methamphetamine use. Chief complaints on initial presentation included visual changes, 13 (45%); weakness, nine (31%); and difficulty swallowing, seven (24%). Skin wounds were documented in 22 (76%). Twenty-one (72%) patients underwent mechanical ventilation (MV). Antitoxin (AT) was administered to 26 (90%) patients but only two received antitoxin in the emergency department (ED). The time from ED presentation to AT administration was associated with increased length of ICU stay (Regression coefficient = 2.5; 95% CI 0.45, 4.5). The time from ED presentation to wound drainage was also associated with increased length of ICU stay (Regression coefficient = 13.7; 95% CI = 2.3, 25.2). There was no relationship between time to antibiotic administration and length of ICU stay.\n\n\nConclusion: MV and prolonged ICU stays are common in patients identified with WB. Early AT administration and wound drainage are recommended as these measures may decrease ICU length of stay.\n\n\n[West J Emerg Med. 2009;10(4):251-256.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"botulism"},{"word":"Injection Drug Use"},{"word":"Antitoxin"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f58f6qm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Offerman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Melissa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schaefer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Davis School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Thundiyil","name_suffix":"","institution":"Orlando Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Cook","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Diego Medical Center, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Holmes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Davis School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-11-18T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-11-18T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-11-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17082/galley/8636/download/"}]},{"pk":59598,"title":"America's Pesticides","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hs5v953","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elton","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59598/galley/45579/download/"}]},{"pk":59593,"title":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fk341zq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Khushbu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aggarwal","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59593/galley/45574/download/"}]},{"pk":59596,"title":"Deep Brain Stimulation: A Successor to L-Dopa?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hc0z8n0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59596/galley/45577/download/"}]},{"pk":59597,"title":"Diamonds: For Ever Or For Everyone?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mn5p5jz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59597/galley/45578/download/"}]},{"pk":59592,"title":"Distance Education Versus The Traditional Classroom","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3859m52h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hassenburg","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59592/galley/45573/download/"}]},{"pk":59604,"title":"Ectoparasite Presence, Density, And Unit Load In Relation To Tent-roosting Behavior Of Neotropical Bats","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Behavioral defenses have evolved in response to the negative effects caused by ectoparasitism. Within neotropical bats, roosting behaviors have been studied as a possible reaction to the presence of parasitic bat flies and mites. Tent-making, the process of actively constructing protective roosts in foliage, was studied in order to assess its specific impact on ectoparasitism. Bats that exclusively utilized tents were predicted to suffer a lower level of ectoparasitism as their roosting behavior can disrupt ectoparasite lifecycles. I captured different bat species, categorized as either tent-roosting or non-tent-roosting, at several sites in Costa Rica, including Monteverde, San Luis and Peñas Blancas. All ectoparasites were collected with forceps and ultimately used to calculate presence, density, and unit load. After analysis, the bat species grouped as tent-makers, Artibeus toltecus and Platyrrhinus helleri, contained significantly lower levels of ectoparasite presence, density, and load in comparison with the species of bats that do not exclusively use tent roosts. These results, though suggestive, are derived from a relatively small sample of tent-making bats and can be strengthened by further replication on a larger scale.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17c836kb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stuckey","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59604/galley/45585/download/"}]},{"pk":59606,"title":"Evaluating Economizer Use In Data Centers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An emerging technology to alleviate rising energy demands for data centers are economizers, which turn off the power consuming chillers and bring in outside air for cooling. However, contaminants in outdoor air can lower the reliability of the electronics through corrosion, which can negate any energy savings. This experiment seeks to determine if the indoor air quality of economizer systems is suitable for data center use. The mass concentrations of the particulate matter were measured both inside and outside of the data center, using aerosol instruments. Particles were captured using collection filters, to identify their chemical properties. It is shown that indoor particle concentrations rise when the economizer is operating, due to bringing in outside air. However, the concentrations are well below the ASHRAE standard, which confirms that economizer use does not pose a risk for the servers in a data center.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g3837v1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59606/galley/45586/download/"}]},{"pk":59602,"title":"Evaluating The Effect Of Climate In A Sierran Mixed Conifer Forest","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Forest growth and yield models such as CACTOS and PROGNOSIS have typically modeled future growth dynamics using unchanging climatic data. These models, applied to a future where the climate is changing, can lead to important discrepancies between actual and predicted growth rates. Yeh and Wensel (2000) first examined these discrepancies in CACTOS performance. They identified summer temperature and winter precipitation as key climatic variables influencing tree growth and developed indices to adjust growth based on the climate. However, the relationships established by Yeh and Wensel were formulated using the CACTOS growth simulator, an input-intensive growth and yield model. No independent validation of the climate-growth indices was conducted. This study examines the reliability of Yeh and Wensel’s climate adjustments to the growth model for forest management applications. Biological growth signals were removed from long-term annual growth records. These empirical records were derived from tree ring analyses. A smoothing spline was used to quantify the biological growth signal (i.e., low-frequency variation in increment). A climate signal (i.e. the residual) was derived by subtracting this spline from the long-term record. The resulting residuals were correlated against the predicted climate growth signal as given by Yeh and Wensel’s model. The correlation of climatic influence on growth for different species and crown classes was also considered. The results of this study indicate that Yeh and Wensel’s model provides growth estimates that reliably inform management decisions. However, the relationship between climate and growth is stronger in dominant tree classes, indicating that climate more predictably affects more dominant trees. For sub-dominant trees, climatic variables had little correlation. It does not appear that competition between dominant and sub-dominant trees is confounding the correlation between sub-dominant tree growth and climate. Suppressed or understory tree growth may be more dependent on edaphic and/or microclimate gradients.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h38z939","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aimee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sprague","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59602/galley/45583/download/"}]},{"pk":59591,"title":"Implantable Devices","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In science fiction, humans have conjured up numerous possibilities of semi-robotic, semi-humanoid beings: cyborgs, which are fictional beings that are part human, part robot; androids, or robots that look like and behave like human beings; automatons, which are humans who behave like machines; and bionic beings, or humans with organs or functions replaced or enhanced by electronically powered parts.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"biotechnology"},{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qs1b4kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59591/galley/45572/download/"}]},{"pk":59599,"title":"Redefining The Route To A Relationship","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c07q8tr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maansi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shah","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59599/galley/45580/download/"}]},{"pk":3975,"title":"Rock Art","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rock art, basically being non-utilitarian, non-textual anthropic markings on natural rock surfaces, was an extremely widespread graphical practice in ancient Egypt. While the apogee of the tradition was definitely the Predynastic Period (mainly fourth millennium BCE), examples date from the late Palaeolithic (c. 15,000 BCE) until the Islamic era. Geographically speaking, “Egyptian” rock art is known from many hundreds of sites along the margins of the Upper Egyptian and Nubian Nile Valley and in the desert hinterlands to the east and west. Despite clear regional discrepancies, most of this rock art displays a great deal of shared subject matter, such as the profusion of boat figures, supposedly attesting to the existence of a more or less uniform “spiritual culture” throughout the above-defined area. Furthermore, its intimate iconographical relationship to the archaeologically known Egyptian cultures, both in a synchronic and a diachronic perspective, allows for some solid reasoning regarding the raison d’être of this graphic tradition. Without excluding other possible meanings and motivations, it seems that the greater part of the rock art closely reflects the religious and ideological concerns of its makers.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"art"},{"word":"fish trap"},{"word":"Prehistoric"},{"word":"predynastic"},{"word":"Palaeolithic"},{"word":"Islamic"},{"word":"Pharaonic"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qx7k7pz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dirk","middle_name":"","last_name":"Huyge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-05T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-02-05T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3975/galley/2551/download/"}]},{"pk":59595,"title":"Run Like The Wind (Or Faster, If You Can)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n21k8jn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Melanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ma","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59595/galley/45576/download/"}]},{"pk":59607,"title":"Synaptic Plasticity: Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Actin Dynamics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Glutamatergic synapses are highly modifiable, making them key targets in processes such as learning and memory. In crayfish glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions, hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide-activated (HCN) channels and actin cytoskeleton dynamics are critical intermediate factors in hormonal modulation of glutamatergic synapses which lead to cAMP (3’-5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate)-dependent enhancement of synaptic transmission. Although models have been proposed, there has been a lack of experimental evidence on the relationship between HCN channels and the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton during cAMP-dependent enhancement. The specific goal of this study is to test the sequence of activation of the aforementioned mediators in synaptic enhancement via precisely controlled pharmacological experiments. At glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions of crayfish limb muscles, HCN channel activator, lamotrigine (50 μM), enhanced synaptic transmission about 20%. This enhancement was completely blocked with actin depolymerizer, latrunculin B (3 μM). These results support previous models of the temporal arrangement of events leading to synaptic enhancement, specifically that changes in actin cytoskeleton follow HCN channel activation. Concurrently, we are also using a spatio-temporal marker called phalloidin, a toxin which binds actin filaments, to further test the hypothesis that activation of HCNCs precedes actin cytoskeleton polymerization. This allows for manipulation of HCN channels and visualization of actin that could propose the associated molecular mechanisms. Preliminary evidence suggests actin reorganization.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1md880vm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Olga","middle_name":"","last_name":"Afanasiev","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59607/galley/45587/download/"}]},{"pk":59590,"title":"Technology and Human Interaction: Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n54x129","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jessen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bredeson","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59590/galley/45571/download/"}]},{"pk":59601,"title":"Technology And Human Interaction: Research Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gp616cd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jessen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bredeson","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59601/galley/45582/download/"}]},{"pk":59600,"title":"Technology And The Way We Think","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f68t4nt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Krstic","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59600/galley/45581/download/"}]},{"pk":59608,"title":"The Effects Of Sleep On Implicit And Explicit Motor Skill Sequence Learning And Task Integration: A Literature Review And Pilot Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Various studies have been conducted on implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) motor skill sequence learning by means of serial reaction time tasks in order to understand the two learning systems in the human brain (Schimidtke & Heuer, 1996; Stickgold, 2003; Ivry, 2003). Although the effects of implicit learning, bimodal integration of tasks (task integration) and sleep on implicit motor skill learning have been explored in various combination, all three have yet to be studied in one research design. We conducted a pilot study in an attempt to investigate how these three mechanisms contribute to the implicit learning phenomenon. Results revealed that explicit sequence learners have overall quicker reaction times and more accurate responses. We also found a lower percentage of implicit learning during the less complex sequence tasks. Subsequent tests found that sleep had a significant effect on explicit sequence learning, but no significant effect on implicit sequence learning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1684n24g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Babe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kawaii-Bogue","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59608/galley/45588/download/"}]},{"pk":59603,"title":"The Impact Of Habitat Fragmentation On Bird Community Composition In Monteverde, Costa Rica","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Habitat fragmentation is currently the greatest threat to the avifauna of Costa Rica. To study its effects on bird species composition in the Monteverde region, I surveyed three sites of varying degrees of fragmentation. I did not detect a significant difference in the species richness and heterogeneity among the three sites. My study showed, however, that the species composition changed drastically among sites. Furthermore, the predominant feeding guilds of the species unique to each site changed between sites, suggesting that food availability is an important determinant of where a bird lives. The proportion of insectivores was inversely related to fragmentation, and omnivores are perhaps less affected by fragmentation than other feeding guilds because they are able to use a higher variety of food resources. Certain species were only found at the more continuous sites, including the Black-breasted Wood-quail (Odontophorus leucolaemus), which implies they may be more sensitive to habitat fragmentation.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n9110bb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59603/galley/45584/download/"}]},{"pk":59594,"title":"The New Kids On The Block: Emerging Medical Technologies","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qm6v40p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mangels","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-29T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_bsj/article/59594/galley/45575/download/"}]},{"pk":43792,"title":"A Slow and Quiet Day on the Block: A Case of Third-Degree Heart Block Presenting as Asymptomatic Bradycardia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4621z30b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Young","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2009-10-19T20:02:09Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/43792/galley/32597/download/"}]},{"pk":3968,"title":"Drama","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Drama is to be understood as a subset of performance involving verbal and physical interaction between two or more persons. Finding evidence for this activity in ancient Egyptian sources is challenging, but not without results. Dramatic texts appear to cluster between the 26th Dynasty and the Roman Period up to the second century CE and may point to the influence of Hellenic culture.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"performance"},{"word":"art"},{"word":"ritual"},{"word":"oral tradition"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Social and Cultural Anthropology"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tv88003","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gillam","name_suffix":"","institution":"York University, Toronto","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-02-28T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-02-28T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-11T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3968/galley/2544/download/"}]},{"pk":3962,"title":"Wooden Statuary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Wood was a widely used material for sculpture in ancient Egypt from the earliest times. It was mostly native timber, but from the New Kingdom onwards, sculptors also used imported wood species. The majority of extant examples are from funerary contexts, found in both private and royal tombs, although the art of fine wood carving was also employed for furniture and other ritual objects.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Funerary cult"},{"word":"serdab"},{"word":"model"},{"word":"shabti"},{"word":"votive"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65m484sn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harvey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-12-14T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2007-12-14T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-10-11T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3962/galley/2538/download/"}]},{"pk":3953,"title":"Seafaring","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Seafaring either to or from Egypt cannot be specifically documented before the Old Kingdom, but evidence points to the possibility of sea contact between Egypt and the Syro-Palestinian coast in the Early Dynastic Period, and it is not implausible to suggest that such contacts could have been established in the Predynastic Period or earlier. Egypt’s wooden boat-building industry appears to extend back that far, and while all currently available evidence is oriented towards Nile River shipping, there is no obvious reason why Predynastic Egyptian vessels could not have navigated coastal waters, as Mesolithic and Neolithic Aegean watercraft certainly did. Old Kingdom texts and images confirm seafaring on both the Mediterranean and Red Seas, and this activity continued throughout documented Egyptian history. By the Roman Period, Egypt was the nexus of a far-flung international maritime system that tied the Mediterranean to distant ports in East Africa, Arabia, and India.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"transportation"},{"word":"Trade"},{"word":"relations"},{"word":"sea"},{"word":"shipping"},{"word":"boat"},{"word":"navy"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Art History, Criticism and Conservation"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Individual and Society","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d93885v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steve","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University, Bloomington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-09-24T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2007-09-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-21T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3953/galley/2529/download/"}]},{"pk":56823,"title":"African Mosaic","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2688x8tn","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-09-28T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-09-28T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56823/galley/43124/download/"}]},{"pk":56826,"title":"Alienation and Revolutionary Vision in East  African Post-Colonial Dramatic Literature","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper is a trans-disciplinary inquiry into the principles of alienation and revolutionary ethos in two East African plays of postcolonial society. It engages literary-textual exegesis and sociological theories to unravel the multi-dimensional forms of alienation as an interrogation of contemporary postcolonial history. The writers, though somewhat in throes and dilemma of exilic consciousness, ‘commodify’ and appropriate the literary enterprise as weapon of active physical revolt and textual indignation against the post-independent maladies and conditions of alienation. We discover a paradigm shift from obvious ironic strain of political, economic dissonance and use of prison as metaphor for psychic/physical and spatial dislocation in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi to religio-genic instrument of oppression, exploitation and revolutionary fervor in I Will Mary When I Want. While the latter play x-rays the combative struggle of the mau-mau warriors for an end to colonialism, the former deploys the resources of ‘reversed-alienation’ and nostalgia to enact a melodrama of psychic and intellectual rebellion against the African capitalists of post-colonial Kenya. Thus, African drama is an active participant in the critical, ideological and sociological transactions of historical materialism in post-colonial Kenya.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"East African plays"},{"word":"Postcolonial"},{"word":"physical and textual revolt"},{"word":"economic dissonance"},{"word":"African capitalists"},{"word":"Historical Materialism"},{"word":"alienation"},{"word":"revolutionary"},{"word":"Melodrama"},{"word":"Rebellion"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63k8d46k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nelson O.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fashina","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa.","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-22T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-07-22T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56826/galley/43127/download/"}]},{"pk":56825,"title":"Artifacts as Social Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Traditional Urhobo Society of Nigeria's Niger Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Traditional Urhobo society attempts to achieve stability by resolving personal and public social conflicts. The mechanisms employed for this include using art objects in rituals.  No detailed scholarly attention, however, seems to have been given to identifying and classifying these conflict-resolution devices in previous studies of the art and culture histories of the Urhobo. In this paper, the social conflict situations prevalent in Urhobo traditional society and their resolution mechanisms are examined. Three categories of social conflicts and two resolution mechanisms are identified and classified.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"artifacts"},{"word":"Conflict Resolution"},{"word":"Urhobo Society"},{"word":"Criminology"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80v732qx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abel","middle_name":"Mac","last_name":"Diakparomre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Delta State University, Abraka - Nigeria","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-10T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-02-10T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56825/galley/43126/download/"}]},{"pk":56821,"title":"Editors' Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Editors' Introduction","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sg4z294","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foulds","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Pojar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-12-03T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-12-03T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56821/galley/43122/download/"}]},{"pk":56824,"title":"Kidnapping: An Underreported Aspect of African Agency During the Slave Trade Era (1440-1886)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the issue of African agency—that is, the active involvement by some of continental Africa’s indigenous inhabitants, i.e., members of various ethnic, religious, and cultural communities—in aiding and abetting the European slave traders during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade era (1440-1886).  They committed innumerable acts of kidnapping on their neighbors with whom they cohabited the sub-Saharan regions of the African continent: western, central, and to a lesser extent, eastern.  There exist in some current societies memories of their past enslaving activities for which they have created various ceremonies to atone for their ancestors' predacious practices.\n\n\nMany of the abducted unfortunates, besides being incorporated into the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, were sold into other slavery systems as well, i.e., the Trans-Saharan, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and the ubiquitous internal networks for which there is a dearth of verifiable documentation translated into English.\n\n\nThis lack of written records reflecting the numbers of humans absorbed into these systems means that there will never be an accurate accounting; however the European slave-ship captains maintained fairly good ship -logs of their slave purchases for the duration of the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade system era, deficient in some aspects, they nevertheless provide a general picture of the enterprise from the mid-fifteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"African"},{"word":"Arts and Humanities"},{"word":"History"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kf4m24x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Felton","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Perry","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-22T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-07-22T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56824/galley/43125/download/"}]},{"pk":56822,"title":"Mother Africa","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Mother Africa","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tq8b4kk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nebila","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abdulmelik","name_suffix":"","institution":"university of california los angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-28T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-09-28T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56822/galley/43123/download/"}]},{"pk":56827,"title":"Review: Promoting the African Union","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review: Promoting the African Union","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"African Union"},{"word":"African politics"},{"word":"Pan-Africanism"},{"word":"African economic development"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hd0060j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Katharine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stuffelbeam","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-18T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-07-18T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56827/galley/43128/download/"}]},{"pk":56828,"title":"Review: The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan 1983-1989","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Sudan"},{"word":"famine"},{"word":"relief policy"},{"word":"political economy"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hk1n4vq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allison","middle_name":"A","last_name":"DePasquale","name_suffix":"","institution":"Univesity of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-08-06T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-08-06T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-14T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/56828/galley/43129/download/"}]},{"pk":3969,"title":"Pottery Production","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pottery represents one of the earliest complex technologies—that of changing a plastic material, clay, into an aplastic material, ceramic, more colloquially known as pottery. In order to produce pottery it is necessary to obtain clay, either from a water course or sometimes by mining, and to process it by adding “opening materials” (“temper”) to improve its working properties, or by removing materials such as calcite. Egyptologists recognize two broad types of clay, that containing silt from the Nile River and the calcareous marl clays obtained from the desert. The clay, or mixture of clay and other materials, is then shaped either by hand-forming, using the potter’s wheel, or by molding. The finished form is then dried. This is the last point at which the potter could rework the material by simply adding water to it. Once dry, the material is fired either in the open or in a kiln. Firing leads to the fusion of the clay platelets, which renders the material aplastic. It is the sherds of this aplastic material that are most commonly encountered in the archaeological record.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"ceramics"},{"word":"kiln"},{"word":"craft"},{"word":"clay"},{"word":"production"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nq7k84p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Nicholson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales, Cardiff","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-03T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-03-03T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-09T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3969/galley/2545/download/"}]},{"pk":43399,"title":"Cultural Nationalism, Orientalism, Imperial Ambivalence: The \nColored American Magazine\n and Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This essay examines African American novelist Pauline Hopkins’s deployment of the trope of respectable domesticity to contest black disenfranchisement in the context of African Americans’ ambivalent relationship to late-nineteenth-century US imperial expansion in the Asia Pacific.  This essay analyzes \nContending Forces\n (1900) in relation to two crucial yet underexplored contexts: first, Hopkins’s commentaries on international race relations; second, African American intellectuals’ commentaries on US imperial ventures in the Asia Pacific and on Chinese immigration in the \nColored American Magazine\n, where Hopkins’s fictional works were serialized.  Situated within these contexts of comparative racialization,  Hopkins’s works offer critical responses to the masculine nationalist representations of black–Asian relations, illuminating the divisive effects of nationalist identification on differentially racialized subjects, the uneven effects of marriage on the black community, and this institution’s structural ties to imperialism and to the color-based class hierarchy within the imagined black community—all of which call for radical reimagining of race relations beyond the nation form.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins"},{"word":"US Imperialism"},{"word":"Asia Pacific"},{"word":"interracial relations"},{"word":"marriage"},{"word":"Black Orientalism"},{"word":"American Studies"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x5280hq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yu-Fang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cho","name_suffix":"","institution":"Miami University of Ohio","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-02T08:27:03Z","date_accepted":"2009-09-02T08:27:03Z","date_published":"2009-09-02T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/43399/galley/32310/download/"}]},{"pk":62447,"title":"Literature Review of Unconsolidated Sediment in San Francisco Bay and Nearby Pacific Ocean Coast","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A review of the geologic literature regarding sedimentation in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system shows that the main part of the bay occupies a structural tectonic depression that developed in Pleistocene time. Eastern parts, including San Pablo Bay and Suisun Bay, have had sedimentation throughout late Mesozoic and Tertiary. Carquinez Strait and the Golden Gate may represent antecedent stream erosion. Sedimentation has included estuarine, alluvial, and eolian deposition. The ages of estuarine deposition includes the modern high sea level stand and earlier Pleistocene interglacial periods. Sediment sources can be generally divided into the Coast Ranges, particularly the Franciscan Complex, and “Sierran.” Much of the estuarine system is floored by very fine sediment, with local areas of sand floor. Near the Golden Gate, sediment size decreases in both directions away from the deep channel. Bedforms include sand waves (submarine dunes), flat beds, and rock and boulders. These are interpreted in terms of dominant transport directions. Near the Golden Gate is an ebb-tidal delta on the outside (including San Francisco bar) and a flood-tidal delta on the inside (parts of Central Bay). The large tidal prism causes strong tidal currents, which in the upper part of the estuary are normally much stronger than river currents, except during large floods.  Cultural influences have altered conditions, including hydraulic mining debris, blasting of rocks, dredging of navigation channels, filling of the bay, and commercial sand mining. Many of these have served to decrease the tidal prism, correspondingly decreasing the strength of tidal currents.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"tectonic depression"},{"word":"estuarine"},{"word":"alluvial"},{"word":"sources"},{"word":"grain size"},{"word":"bedforms"},{"word":"glacial"},{"word":"tidal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rh9t1jj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barry","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Keller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keller Hydrogeophysicist","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-10-08T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-10-08T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-02T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62447/galley/48276/download/"}]},{"pk":62448,"title":"Old School vs. New School: Status of Threadfin Shad (\nDorosoma petenense\n) Five Decades After Its Introduction to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Threadfin shad (\nDorosoma petenense\n) is a schooling pelagic forage fish native to watersheds of the Gulf Coast of North America. Around 1962 it invaded the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta from upstream reservoirs, where it was stocked to support sport fisheries. It quickly became, and continues to be, one of the most abundant fishes collected by ongoing monitoring programs in the delta. A substantial portion of the delta provides suitable abiotic habitat and so the species is widely distributed. However, in routine sampling it is most commonly collected and most abundant in the southeastern delta, where suitable abiotic habitat (relatively deep, clear water with low flow) coincides with high prey abundance.  Apparent growth rate appears to be relatively fast with summer-spawned age-0 fish attaining fork lengths of 70 to 90 mm by the onset of winter.  During fall months (September through December) apparent growth rate of age-0 fish has exhibited no long-term trend but has been negatively related to abundance, suggesting that density-dependent factors may be important to the population.  Although abundance has fluctuated since its introduction almost five decades ago, it has recently dropped to persistent near-record lows since 2002, which has been coincident with similar declines for other pelagic species in the delta.  The recent decline is apparent in two long-term monitoring programs, fish salvaged from the diversions of the state and federal water projects, and commercial fishing harvest.  It appears that the decline is, at least in part, a function of fewer and smaller schools of threadfin shad encountered relative to the past. There was little evidence from the data examined for consistent stock-recruit or stage-recruit effects on the population. It is likely that a combination of abiotic and biotic factors regionally-focused where threadfin shad are most abundant, which may sometimes be episodic in nature, have a large effect on abundance. Focused studies and sampling of threadfin shad are lacking but are necessary in order to better understand population dynamics in the delta.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Dorosoma petenense"},{"word":"baitfish"},{"word":"clupeidae"},{"word":"San Francisco Estuary"},{"word":"pelagic organism decline"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dt6p4bv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Frederick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feyrer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Applied Science Branch, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","department":""},{"first_name":"Ted","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sommer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aquatic Ecology Section, California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Slater","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long-Term Monitoring Unit, California Department of Fish and Game","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-24T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-03-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-02T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62448/galley/48277/download/"}]},{"pk":62450,"title":"Quantifying Activated Floodplains on a Lowland Regulated River: Its Application to Floodplain Restoration in the Sacramento Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We describe a process and methodology for quantifying the extent of a type of historically prevalent, but now relatively rare, ecologically-valuable floodplains in the Sacramento lowland river system: frequently-activated floodplains. We define a specific metric the “Floodplain Activation Flow” (FAF), which is the smallest flood pulse event that initiates substantial beneficial ecological processes when associated with floodplain inundation. The “Activated Floodplain” connected to the river is then determined by comparison of FAF stage with floodplain topography. This provides a simple definition of floodplain that can be used as a planning, goal setting, monitoring, and design tool by resource managers since the FAF event is the smallest flood and corresponding floodplain area with ecological functionality—and is necessarily also inundated in larger flood events, providing additional ecological functions. For the Sacramento River we selected a FAF definition to be the river stage that occurs in two out of three years for at least seven days in the mid-March to mid-May period and \"Activated Floodplains\" to be those lands inundated at that stage. We analyzed Activated Floodplain area for four representative reaches along the lower Sacramento River and the Yolo Bypass using stream gauge data. Three of the most significant conclusions are described: (1) The area of active functional floodplain is likely to be less than commonly assumed based on extent of riparian vegetation; (2) Levee setbacks may not increase the extent of this type of ecologically-productive floodplain without either hydrologic or topographic changes; (3) Within the Yolo Bypass, controlled releases through the Fremont Weir could maximize the benefits associated with Activated Floodplain without major reservoir re-operation or grading. This approach identifies a significant opportunity to integrate floodplain restoration with flood management by establishing a FAF stage metric as an engineering design criterion alongside the commonly-used 100-year flood stage for flood hazard reduction.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Floodplain restoration"},{"word":"functional floodplains"},{"word":"activated floodplains"},{"word":"floodplain activation flood"},{"word":"response indicator"},{"word":"design criteria"},{"word":"regulated river"},{"word":"reservoir re-operation"},{"word":"Sacramento River"},{"word":"Yolo Bypass"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sn8r310","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Philip","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Andrews","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Jeff","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Opperman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis and The Nature Conservancy","department":""},{"first_name":"Setenay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bozkurt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.","department":""},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Moyle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Watershed Sciences, Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-04T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-04-04T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-02T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62450/galley/48278/download/"}]},{"pk":62446,"title":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science\n: Next Steps","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Abstracts are not presented with Editorials. -SFEWS Editors","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Editorial board"},{"word":"submission guidelines"},{"word":"California state budget crisis"},{"word":"journal progress"}],"section":"Editorial","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2425t8t5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Luoma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Editor-in-Chief, San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2009-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-09-02T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62446/galley/48275/download/"}]},{"pk":3949,"title":"Ostrich Eggshell","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Ostriches were hunted in Egypt from the earliest times. From their eggshells beads, pendants, and vessels were manufactured. Decorated eggshells were used from the Predynastic Period onward and seem to have a religious meaning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"container"},{"word":"ceremonial"},{"word":"beads"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Art History, Criticism and Conservation"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tm87064","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacke","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"School for Oriental and African Studies, London","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-08-24T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2007-08-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-31T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3949/galley/2525/download/"}]},{"pk":4007,"title":"Mud-Brick","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Made from a mixture of silt, clay, sand, and straw formed into regular molded units, unfired mud-bricks were the primary construction material employed in ancient Egypt—being quite literally the most basic of building blocks for all levels of domestic structures, from simple one-room buildings to lavishly decorated palace complexes, as well as administrative and storage structures, and even early phases of temples. Modern methods of mud-brick fabrication accord with ancient evidence, suggesting that the production of unfired mud-brick has remained a stable technology through the millennia. Ancient evidence concerning mud-brick not only illuminates mud-brick production organization, but also highlights the symbolic significance of bricks in religious contexts, especially relating to birth and death.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"mud brick"},{"word":"sun dried brick"},{"word":"unfired brick"},{"word":"adobe"},{"word":"domestic architecture"},{"word":"palace"},{"word":"house"},{"word":"mold"},{"word":"construction material"},{"word":"production"},{"word":"birth brick"},{"word":"magic brick"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Other Architecture"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v84d6rh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Virginia L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Emery","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-08-20T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-08-20T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-27T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4007/galley/2583/download/"}]},{"pk":39099,"title":"Environmental Information Sources: Websites and Books","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"websites"},{"word":"Books"},{"word":"environmental science"},{"word":"ecology"},{"word":"global warming"},{"word":"biodiversity"},{"word":"Birds"},{"word":"Geothermal"},{"word":"energy"}],"section":"Columns","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sm0v2ns","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Flora","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shrode","name_suffix":"","institution":"Utah State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39099/galley/29524/download/"}]},{"pk":39112,"title":"Review: Clearing the Air: The Health and Economic Damages of Air Pollution in China","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dt8c76q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pace University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39112/galley/29537/download/"}]},{"pk":39100,"title":"Review: CO(2) Rising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5046c7tx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Byron","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Illinois University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-02T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-02T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39100/galley/29525/download/"}]},{"pk":39114,"title":"Review: Cultivating Science, Harvesting Power: Science and Industrial Agriculture in California","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kq3j0wh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Little","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39114/galley/29539/download/"}]},{"pk":39108,"title":"Review: Daybooks of Discovery: Nature Diaries in Britain 1770-1870","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f1611hq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-12T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-12T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39108/galley/29533/download/"}]},{"pk":39110,"title":"Review: Dead Pool: Lake Powell, Global Warming, and the Future of Water in the West","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00z6p9xk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jenkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Roundhouse Institute for Field Studies","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-03-04T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-03-04T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39110/galley/29535/download/"}]},{"pk":39102,"title":"Review: Environmental Values in Christian Art","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b41f06c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Byron","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Illinois University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-01-22T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-01-22T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39102/galley/29527/download/"}]},{"pk":39119,"title":"Review: Globalization of Water","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"virtual water"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34x9877m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"Aaron","last_name":"Tennant","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-01-15T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-01-15T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39119/galley/29544/download/"}]},{"pk":39105,"title":"Review: Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91j3d7pq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-01-07T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-01-07T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39105/galley/29530/download/"}]},{"pk":39117,"title":"Review:  Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f55d6j0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sakellariou","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39117/galley/29542/download/"}]},{"pk":39103,"title":"Review: Intelligent Courage: Natural Resource Careers That Make a Difference","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mx4n5x5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Victoria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carchidi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-03-08T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-03-08T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39103/galley/29528/download/"}]},{"pk":39104,"title":"Review: MetroGreen","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"greenways"},{"word":"open space"},{"word":"landscape urbanism"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ff3w6c9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Victoria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carchidi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-22T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-22T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39104/galley/29529/download/"}]},{"pk":39109,"title":"Review: Natural Environments of Arizona: From Deserts to Mountains","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p7762r0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-06T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-06T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39109/galley/29534/download/"}]},{"pk":39106,"title":"Review: Natural Experiments: Ecosystem-based Management and the Environment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1901q6tw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-01T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-02-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39106/galley/29531/download/"}]},{"pk":39115,"title":"Review: Out of the Shadow: Ecopsychology, story, and encounters with the land","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3209p377","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Taciano","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Milfont","name_suffix":"","institution":"Victoria University of Wellington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39115/galley/29540/download/"}]},{"pk":39113,"title":"Review: Poisoned for Pennies: The Economics of Toxics and Precaution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z70b6gk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Little","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39113/galley/29538/download/"}]},{"pk":39120,"title":"Review: Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hj415nn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Byron","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Illinois University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-08-31T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-08-31T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39120/galley/29545/download/"}]},{"pk":39107,"title":"Review: River Futures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gx3h3c8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hamilton-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-11-07T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-11-07T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39107/galley/29532/download/"}]},{"pk":39111,"title":"Review: The Fishermen's Frontier","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m93h3w8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jenkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Roundhouse Institute for Field Studies","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-17T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-17T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39111/galley/29536/download/"}]},{"pk":39101,"title":"Review: The War on Bugs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1857w5fd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Byron","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Illinois University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-03-18T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-03-18T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39101/galley/29526/download/"}]},{"pk":39116,"title":"Review: The Working Landscape: Founding, Preservation, and the Politics of Place","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k26p3b8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joselito","middle_name":"","last_name":"Silveira","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-12-10T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-12-10T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39116/galley/29541/download/"}]},{"pk":39118,"title":"Review: What We Know about Climate Change","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"climate change"}],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pn4v5m2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"Aaron","last_name":"Tennant","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-01-15T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-01-15T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39118/galley/29543/download/"}]},{"pk":39097,"title":"The Anatomy of a Wolf Den Site: A Field Report","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The mythology of the wolf vastly outstrips scientific knowledge of the species in the mind of the average citizen.  The present article, based on research in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, redresses this imbalance by showing an “up close and personal” view of a classical den site.  It shows first how to respect the security and privacy of the animals, and then how to recognize and interpret the basic elements of a site such as pathways, den openings, and tracks. This kind of look at the “material culture” of a typical pack can replace ideology and fantasy about the species with respect, awe, and intimacy, and so help to form a corresponding “pack” of knowledgeable stakeholders committed to its preservation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Endangered Species"},{"word":"gray wolf"},{"word":"tracking"},{"word":"Montana"},{"word":"Idaho"},{"word":"Wyoming"}],"section":"Research Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d6366ss","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kowalewski","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-08-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-08-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39097/galley/29522/download/"}]},{"pk":39098,"title":"The Political History of Federal Land Exchanges","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores land exchanges as an integral part of federal natural resources policy. The purpose of this essay is to present a broad historical and political overview of the policies regarding federal land exchanges. A second important purpose of this essay is to review the acts of official malfeasance that have surrounded federal land exchanges since the beginning. We argue that land exchanges must be understood in the broader context of the expansionist character of the U.S. as a developing nation and the later attempts to conserve natural resources; and, the policies supporting that expansion must be seen through the catalyst of constitutional and statutory law. Land exchanges policy is the product of history and its economic dynamics.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Federal Land Exchanges"},{"word":"FLPMA"},{"word":"Equal Value"},{"word":"Policy History"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ss162d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Giancarlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Panagia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University - Purdue University - Indianapolis","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-04-29T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-04-29T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-25T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39098/galley/29523/download/"}]},{"pk":3966,"title":"Palettes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Flat stone palettes for the grinding of pigments are particularly associated with Predynastic Egypt, when they were made almost exclusively of mudstone and were formed into distinctive geometric and zoomorphic shapes. Ceremonial palettes of the late Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods are linked with the emerging ideology of kingship, and are especially elaborate, as they are often decorated with carved relief over the entire surface. Following the Early Dynastic period, the importance of palettes diminishes significantly.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"cosmetic"},{"word":"minerals"},{"word":"ceremonial"},{"word":"functional"},{"word":"kingship"},{"word":"grey-wacke"},{"word":"predynastic"},{"word":"Early Dynastic"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dh0x2n0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stevenson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-02-15T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-02-15T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-10T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3966/galley/2542/download/"}]},{"pk":3971,"title":"Dance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"According to the Egyptian iconographical and textual sources, dance is performed by animals, human beings (dwarfs, men, women, and children appear in the reliefs), the bas of Pe, the deceased king or individual, the living king in a divine role, and gods and goddesses. Problems concerning the classification, representation, and interpretation of dance in ancient Egypt are addressed here by structuring our knowledge through a focus on the performer, resulting in an overview of the dancer, the occasion of the performance, the location of the performance, and the imagined space that the dancing produces. These four criteria can be attested in natural-environmental, royal, funeral, and religious-festival contexts. The ancient Egyptian perceived dance in relation to leisure activities, gendered space, and also the negotiation of liminal space.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"dance"},{"word":"ritual"},{"word":"Religion"},{"word":"Festival"},{"word":"music"},{"word":"Archaeological Anthropology"},{"word":"Near Eastern Languages and Societies"},{"word":"Social and Cultural Anthropology"}],"section":"Material Culture, Art and Architecture","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5142h0db","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Meyer-Dietrich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-05-16T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-05-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-07T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/3971/galley/2547/download/"}]},{"pk":17035,"title":"Approach to Working the Night Shift","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z5921h2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sharon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17035/galley/8611/download/"}]},{"pk":16963,"title":"Balancing Potency of Platelet Inhibition with Bleeding Risk in the Early Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review available evidence and examine issues surrounding the use of advanced antiplatelet therapy in an effort to provide a practical guide for emergency physicians caring for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).\n\n\nData Sources: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), AHA/ACC 2007 focused update for the management of patients with STEMI, selected clinical articles identified through the PubMed database (1965-February 2008), and manual searches for relevant articles identified from those retrieved.\n\n\nStudy Selection: English-language controlled studies and randomized clinical trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapy in treating patients with all ACS manifestations.\n\n\nData Extraction and Synthesis: Clinical data, including treatment regimens and patient demographics and outcomes, were extracted and critically analyzed from the selected studies and clinical trials. Pertinent data from relevant patient registries were also evaluated to assess current clinical practice.\n\n\nConclusions: As platelet activation and aggregation are central to ACS pathology, antiplatelet agents are critical to early treatment. A widely accepted first-line treatment is aspirin, which acts to decrease platelet activation via inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thienopyridines, which inhibit ADP-induced platelet activation, and glycoprotein (GP) receptor antagonists, which bind to platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptors and hinder their role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, provide complementary mechanisms of platelet inhibition and are often employed in combination with aspirin. While the higher levels of platelet inhibition that accompany combination therapy improve protection against ischemic and peri-procedural events, the risk of bleeding is also increased. Thus, the challenge in choosing appropriate therapy in the emergency department lies in balancing the need for potent platelet inhibition with the potential for increased risk of bleeding and future interventions the patient is likely to receive during the index hospitalization.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:163-175.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"acute coronary syndrome"},{"word":"antiplatelet agents"},{"word":"atherosclerosis"},{"word":"blood platelets"},{"word":"myocardial infarction"},{"word":"Thrombosis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hv750b9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Slattery","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Nevada School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Las Vegas, NV","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"V","last_name":"Pollack","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, PA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-08-24T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-08-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16963/galley/8579/download/"}]},{"pk":17034,"title":"California Medical Association and Emergency Medicine - A Vital Link","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37r4j6xw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lieser","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17034/galley/8610/download/"}]},{"pk":17030,"title":"Carnage in Sacramento","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74b0m1rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brosnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"CAL/ACEP Policy & Advocacy Fellow; Associate Director of Provider Relations, CEP","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17030/galley/8608/download/"}]},{"pk":5264,"title":"Chronic Pain, Memory, and Injury: Evolutionary Clues from Snail and Rat Nociceptors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The sensory component of chronic pain is amenable to comparative study and evolutionaryinterpretations. Pain is usually initiated by activation of nociceptors, which detect damaging stimuli.A comparison of rats and a marine snail, Aplysia, shows that nociceptors in each group satisfy thesame functional definition and exhibit similar functional alterations, including persistenthyperexcitability and synaptic potentiation following noxious stimulation. These alterations are alsoassociated with conventional learning and memory. Because of the ancient divergence of theselineages, some similarities probably reflect independent evolution. However, the molecular signalslinked thus far to known forms of long-term neuronal plasticity represent homologous processes thatare found in all metazoan cells. Persistent plasticity mechanisms now used for chronic pain andmemory may have evolved originally in the earliest neurons by selective recruitment of core cellsignaling and effector systems for neuronal repair, sensory compensation, and protective functionsrelated to peripheral injury.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Pain"},{"word":"memory"},{"word":"Snail"},{"word":"Rat"},{"word":"Nociception"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz8q9r2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edgar","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Walters","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T03:05:13Z","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T03:05:13Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5264/galley/3143/download/"}]},{"pk":16999,"title":"Counter-Point: Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: Meeting Society’s Needs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z3847tg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"A","last_name":"McPheeters","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-02-24T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-02-24T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16999/galley/8596/download/"}]},{"pk":16953,"title":"Factors Applicants Value when Selecting an Emergency Medicine Residency","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: Little is known about the factors important to applicants when selecting an emergency medicine residency. We sought to identify which residency-specific criteria applicants value in selecting a training program.\n\n\nMethods: We conducted an anonymous survey of emergency medicine interviewees at our residency. Applicants were asked to rate each of 18 factors on a four-point scale from 1 (“not at all important”) to 4 (“very important”) in their selection of a residency.\n\n\nResults: Of 82 interviewees, 73 (89%) completed the survey. The factors with the top six mean scores were: how happy the residents seemed (3.9), program personality (3.8), faculty enthusiasm (3.7), geographic location (3.6), experience during interview day (3.5), and pediatrics training (3.5).\n\n\nConclusion: The top three factors deemed most important to emergency medicine applicants are primarily intangibles, while programs have no control over the fourth most important factor, location.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:159-162.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Graduate Medical Education"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"Internship and Residency"},{"word":"Interviews"},{"word":"personnel selection"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86k6p9wq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lalena","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Yarris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine and the Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"DeIorio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine and the Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Portland, OR","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Lowe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Portland, OR","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-24T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-06-24T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16953/galley/8578/download/"}]},{"pk":16991,"title":"Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: Risky Business","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Frequent"},{"word":"user"},{"word":"emergency"},{"word":"department"},{"word":"risks"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q24s4gw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Casey","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Grover","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Reb","middle_name":"JH","last_name":"Close","name_suffix":"","institution":"Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula, Department of Emergency Medicine, Monterey, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-25T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-09-25T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16991/galley/8594/download/"}]},{"pk":16986,"title":"Iatrogenic Digital Compromise with Tubular Dressings","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: This case report describes a digit amputation resulting from an improperly applied tubular dressing. The safe application of digital tubular dressings, and the rationale behind it, is detailed to raise emergency physician (EP) awareness.\n\n\nMethods: We present a case report of a recent iatrogenic-induced digit ischemia caused by improperly applied tube gauze. We review the literature on the subject and the likely sources of poor outcomes presented. The proper application of tubular gauze dressings is then outlined.\n\n\nConclusion: EPs and emergency department personnel must be educated on the safe application of tubular gauze dressings to avoid dire outcomes associated with improper applications.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:190-192.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Tubegauz"},{"word":"tubular gauze dressings"},{"word":"tubular elastic net digit dressings"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t2594rc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Corre","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Ruth and Harry Roman Emergency Department, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alissa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arnold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Ruth and Harry Roman Emergency Department, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-29T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-04-29T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16986/galley/8592/download/"}]},{"pk":17016,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Cecal Diverticulitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"diverticulitis"},{"word":"Cecal"},{"word":"Right-Sided"},{"word":"appendicitis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23h7586k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chiles","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"I","last_name":"Langdorf","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-09T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-04-09T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17016/galley/8605/download/"}]},{"pk":17014,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Infected Thyroglossal Duct Cyst","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Thyroglossal duct"},{"word":"Cyst"},{"word":"Infection"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn479v7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Deaver","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-26T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-06-26T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17014/galley/8603/download/"}]},{"pk":17004,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Irritant Contact Dermatitis from Jet Fuel","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"jet fuel exposure"},{"word":"irritant dermatitis"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k84b16n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Trigger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Wesley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eilbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-08-12T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-08-12T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17004/galley/8600/download/"}]},{"pk":17010,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: Sporotrichosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sporotrichosis"},{"word":"Sporothrix schenkii"},{"word":"lymphocutaneous nodule"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kp1w2jf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burns","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Neel","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Kapadia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Silman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-03-07T08:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-03-07T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17010/galley/8601/download/"}]},{"pk":17021,"title":"Images in Emergency Medicine: What’s Hot, With Spots and Red All Over? Murine Typhus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Murine Typhus"},{"word":"Rickettsia typhi"},{"word":"rash"},{"word":"fever"},{"word":"Insect vector"},{"word":"Endemic Typhus"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h42m9mq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Gorchynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas, Southwestern, Department of Emergency Medicine; JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Tx","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carlyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Langhorn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Simmons","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roberts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, Department of Emergency Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-16T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-06-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17021/galley/8606/download/"}]},{"pk":5265,"title":"Incentive Relativity and the Specificity of Reward Expectations in Honey Bees","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Honey bees were trained in a proboscis extension response procedure on a high quality reward to one of two odors under one of two contexts and then on a lower quality reward under the alternative context to the alternative odor. The performance decrement induced by the reduced reward, revealed by comparisons with subjects trained continually on the lower reward, was independent of odor context combinations or the order of experience with stimuli. In a second experiment subjects were forward or backward conditioned to a high quality reward or fed unconditionally and then trained ona low reward in a novel context to a novel odor. The observed performance decrement depended only on exposure to the high quality reward. These results suggest that incentive contrast effects arise from a simple mechanism—the comparison of a current incentive with experienced incentives— that is effectively independent of cues that signal a reward.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"vocalization"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Reward Expectation"},{"word":"Incentive relativity"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56j7408n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Wiegmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bowling Green State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2013-11-20T03:09:22Z","date_accepted":"2013-11-20T03:09:22Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5265/galley/3144/download/"}]},{"pk":16944,"title":"International Perspective from Saudi Arabia on “Procedural Skills Training During Emergency Medicine Residency: Are We Teaching the Right Things?”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t48z49n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nadeem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qureshi","name_suffix":"","institution":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-07-07T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-07-07T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16944/galley/8576/download/"}]},{"pk":17003,"title":"International Perspective from Singapore on “Methemoglobinemia and Sulfhemoglobinemia in Two Pediatric Patients after Ingestion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cc8715j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hoon","middle_name":"Chin","last_name":"Lim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Changi General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Republic of Singapore","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hock","middle_name":"Heng","last_name":"Tan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Changi General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Republic of Singapore","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-02T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-06-02T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17003/galley/8599/download/"}]},{"pk":16929,"title":"International Perspective from the United Kingdom on “Surgeons’ and Emergency Physicians’ Perceptions of Trauma Management and Training”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Trauma"},{"word":"Surgery"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"},{"word":"training"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sx5h6b8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vijayshil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gautam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Associate Dean, Post Graduate Medical Education, London Deanery, University of London","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-02T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-06-02T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16929/galley/8570/download/"}]},{"pk":16913,"title":"International Perspective from Turkey on “Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism in Observation Unit Patients”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72h5m3mm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arif","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Cevik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-06-06T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-06-06T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16913/galley/8562/download/"}]},{"pk":16923,"title":"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy May Be Transient in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: While research has established that the bedside electrocardiogram (ECG) is an insensitive test for the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the finding, when present, is thought to be reproducible.\n\n\nObjective: To assess the reproducibility of serial ECGs done in the emergency department (ED) with regard to the presence or absence of LVH.\n\n\nMethod: A prospective study on consecutive patients admitted to an ED-run cardiac observation unit. A single reviewer collected and scored ECGs for the presence of LVH, using three established criteria (Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt-Estes). Demographic and medical history was also collected.\n\n\nResults: Over a three-year time period, 295 patients were enrolled; 132 males and 163 females with a mean age of 54.4 years (range, 19-89 years). The prevalence of LVH ranged from 11-14% and the agreement among all three criteria was fair (kappa = 0.325). Using the Cornell criteria, 33 patients had ECG#1 consistent with LVH. Of the patients meeting LVH criteria on ECG #1, only 15 retained their diagnosis of LVH on ECG#2 (i.e. 55% of the LVH identified in ECG#1 was not seen in ECG#2). Additionally, nine patients developed an ECG diagnosis of LVH between ECG#1 and ECG#2. In total, 27 (nine percent of the total) had ECG measurements that changed between ECG#1 and ECG#2. We made similar findings with the Sokolow-Lyon and Romhilt-Estes criteria. The results were not modified by gender, blood pressure or medication use.\n\n\nConclusion: The finding of LVH on ECG was not very reproducible during serial measurements on the same person during a single 24-hour observation period.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:140-143]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Ventricular Hypertrophy"},{"word":"ECG"},{"word":"Cardiac Risk Factors"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60p2j50d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Shoenberger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Serineh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Voskanian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Terence","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahern","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"O","last_name":"Henderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-17T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-07-17T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16923/galley/8568/download/"}]},{"pk":16918,"title":"Linear Correlation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure and Volume","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Endotracheal tube cuff (ETTc) inflation by standard methods may result in excessive ETTc pressure. Previous studies have indicated that methods of cuff inflation most frequently used to inflate ETTcs include palpation of the tension in the pilot balloon or injection of a predetermined volume of air to inflate the pilot balloon. If a logarithmic relationship exists between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure, small volumes of additional air will result in dramatic pressure increases after a volume threshold is reached. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure is linear or non-linear.\n\n\nMethods: In this Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved study, we recorded ETTc volume and pressure in four anesthetized and mechanically-ventilated canines ranging between 30-40 pounds (mean 34.7lb, SD 3.8lb) that were endotracheally intubated with a 7.0 mm ETT. The varying cuff pressures associated with a distribution of 28 progressively increasing volumes of air in the ETTc were recorded. Spearman correlation was performed to determine if a linear or non-linear relationship existed between these variables.\n\n\nResults: The Spearman rho coefficient of correlation between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure was 0.969, or approximately 97%, suggesting near-perfect linear relationship between ETTc volume and ETTc pressure over the range of volumes and pressures tested.\n\n\nConclusions: Over the range of volumes and pressures tested a linear relationship between volume and pressure results in no precipitous increase in slope of the pressure:volume curve as volume increases.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:137-139.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"endotracheal"},{"word":"intubation"},{"word":"cuff"},{"word":"pressure"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w90s626","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Hoffman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jefrey","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Dahlen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lipovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kai","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Stürmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brookhaven Memorial Hospital Medical Center, East Patchogue, NY","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16918/galley/8566/download/"}]},{"pk":16901,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f91t20k","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":"2009-08-27T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-08-27T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16901/galley/8559/download/"}]},{"pk":17002,"title":"Methemoglobinemia and Sulfhemoglobinemia in Two Pediatric Patients after Ingestion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This case report describes two pediatric cases of immediate oxygen desaturation from methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia after one sip from a plastic water bottle containing hydroxylamine sulfate used by a relative to clean shoes. Supplemental oxygen and two separate doses of methylene blue given to one of the patients had no effect on clinical symptoms or pulse oximetry. The patients were admitted to the pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with subsequent improvement after exchange transfusion. Endoscopy showed ulcer formation in one case and sucralafate was initiated; both patients were discharged after a one-week hospital stay. [WestJEM. 2009;10:197-201.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sulfhemoglobinemia"},{"word":"methemoglobinemia"},{"word":"hypoxia"},{"word":"Hydroxylamine sulfate"},{"word":"toxicology"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dd4j26k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Laleh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gharahbaghian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bobby","middle_name":"","last_name":"Massoudian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Giancarlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"DiMassa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Beach, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-14T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-09-14T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17002/galley/8598/download/"}]},{"pk":16984,"title":"Overcoming Barriers to the Use of Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques (OMT) have been shown to be effective therapeutic modalities in various clinical settings, but appear to be underutilized in the emergency department (ED) setting.\n\n\nObjective: To examine barriers to the use of OMT in the ED and provide suggestions to ameliorate these barriers.\n\n\nMethods: Literature review\n\n\nResults: While the medical literature cites numerous obstacles to the use of OMT in the ED setting, most can be positively addressed through education, careful planning, and ongoing research into use of these techniques. Recent prospective clinical trials of OMT have demonstrated the utility of these modalities.\n\n\nConclusion: Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques are useful therapeutic modalities that could be utilized to a greater degree in the ED. As the number of osteopathic emergency physicians increases, the opportunity to employ these techniques should increase.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:184-189.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques"},{"word":"emergency department"},{"word":"musculoskeletal disorders"},{"word":"acute"},{"word":"barriers"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31547932","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raymond","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Roberge","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Roberge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, PA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-04-16T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-04-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16984/galley/8591/download/"}]},{"pk":17024,"title":"President's Message August 2009","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w91x9wk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ingrid","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Lim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; University of California, San Francisco","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2009-10-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17024/galley/8607/download/"}]},{"pk":16937,"title":"Procedural Skills Training During Emergency Medicine Residency: Are We Teaching the Right Things?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The Residency Review Committee training requirements for emergency medicine residents (EM) are defined by consensus panels, with specific topics abstracted from lists of patient complaints and diagnostic codes. The relevance of specific curricular topics to actual practice has not been studied. We compared residency graduates’ self-assessed preparation during training to importance in practice for a variety of EM procedural skills.\n\n\nMethods: We distributed a web-based survey to all graduates of the Denver Health Residency Program in EM over the past 10 years. The survey addressed: practice type and patient census; years of experience; additional procedural training beyond residency; and confidence, preparation, and importance in practice for 12 procedures (extensor tendon repair, transvenous pacing, lumbar puncture, applanation tonometry, arterial line placement, anoscopy, CT scan interpretation, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, slit lamp usage, ultrasonography, compartment pressure measurement and procedural sedation). For each skill, preparation and importance were measured on four-point Likert scales. We compared mean preparation and importance scores using paired sample t-tests, to identify areas of under- or over-preparation.\n\n\nResults: Seventy-four residency graduates (59% of those eligible) completed the survey. There were significant discrepancies between importance in practice and preparation during residency for eight of the 12 skills. Under-preparation was significant for transvenous pacing, CT scan interpretation, slit lamp examinations and procedural sedation. Over-preparation was significant for extensor tendon repair, arterial line placement, peritoneal lavage and ultrasonography. There were strong correlations (r>0.3) between preparation during residency and confidence for 10 of the 12 procedural skills, suggesting a high degree of internal consistency for the survey.\n\n\nConclusions: Practicing emergency physicians may be uniquely qualified to identify areas of under- and over-preparation during residency training. There were significant discrepancies between importance in practice and preparation during residency for eight of 12 procedures. There was a strong correlation between confidence and preparation during residency for almost all procedural skills, re-enforcing the tenet that residency training is the primary locus of instruction for clinical procedures.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:152-156.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"education"},{"word":"Procedures"},{"word":"needs assessment"},{"word":"curriculum"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt1w5q6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Druck","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Morgan","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Valley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Lowenstein","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Denver, CO","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-07-31T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-07-31T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16937/galley/8573/download/"}]},{"pk":16977,"title":"Reimbursement for Emergency Department Electrocardiography and Radiograph Interpretations: What Is It Worth for the Emergency Physician","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Background: Physician reimbursement laws for diagnostic interpretive services require that only those services provided contemporaneously and /or contribute directly to patient care can be billed for. Despite these regulations, cardiologists and radiologists in many hospitals continue to bill for ECG and plain film diagnostic services performed in the emergency department (ED). The reimbursement value of this care, which is disconnected in time and place from the ED patient encounter, is unknown. In a California community ED with a 32,000 annual census, the emergency physicians (EPs) alone, by contract, bill for all ECG readings and plain film interpretations when the radiologists are not available to provide contemporaneous readings.\n\n\nObjectives: To determine the impact of this billing practice on actual EP reimbursement we undertook an analysis that allows calculation of physician reimbursement from billing data.\n\n\nMethods: An IRB-approved analysis of 12 months of billing data cleansed of all patient identifiers was undertaken for 2003. From the data we created a descriptive study with itemized breakdown of reimbursement for radiograph and ECG interpretive services (procedures) and the gross resultant physician income.\n\n\nResults: In 2003 EPs at this hospital treated patients during 32,690 ED visits. Total group income in 2003 for radiographs was $173,555 and $91,025 for ECGs, or $19/EP hour and $6/EP hour respectively. For the average full-time EP, the combined total is $2537/month or $30,444 per annum, per EP. This is $8/ED visit (averaged across all patients).\n\n\nConclusion: As EP-reimbursement is challenged by rising malpractice premiums, uninsured patients, HMO contracts, unfunded government mandates and state budgetary shortfalls, EPs are seeking to preserve their patient services and resultant income. They should also be reimbursed for those services and the liability that they incur. The reimbursement value of ECGs and plain film interpretations to the practicing EP is substantial. In the ED studied, it represents $30,444 gross income per full-time EP annually. Plain film interpretation services produce three times the hourly revenue of ECG reading at the hospital studied.\n\n\n[WestJEM. 2009;10:178-183.]","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[{"word":"Billing"},{"word":"Reimbursement"},{"word":"interpretations"},{"word":"Revenue"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9880x5mj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergent Medical Associates, Manhattan Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Blakeman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergency Groups' Office, Arcadia, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Irv","middle_name":"","last_name":"Edwards","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergent Medical Associates, Manhattan Beach, CA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Mallon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, CA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-06-19T07:00:00Z","date_accepted":"2008-06-19T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16977/galley/8587/download/"}]}]}