In this exploratory investigation, the basic paradigm manipulated diversity of contrasting evidence on inductive inferences drawn from a multi-item target. In prior research, it was shown that increasing the diversity of a contrast set led to lower generalization of a novel property that was probabilistically associated with the target (Bosch, 2020). In the present work, a significant majority of participants generated naïve theories or rules, e.g., \"the bananas that cost points were fresher,\" to explain probabilistic outcomes, e.g., four out of six exemplars of bananas cost ten points (while the other two cost zero points) in a mock online game. This effect did not depend on accuracy or predictive power of the proffered explanation. Further, preliminary evidence suggests that greater diversity of the contrast set is associated with a greater likelihood to generate explanations. Implications for inductive reasoning, naïve theories, and causal inference are discussed.
","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Reasoning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qr2c6pp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Bosch","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50272/galley/38234/download/"}]},{"pk":49961,"title":"People use mixed strategies to make efficient but structured inferences about agents in roles","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Roles are a pervasive part of our social landscape, but little is known about the mental models people use to reason about agents who occupy roles. In this paper, we test three computational models for role-based reasoning against participant performance in a social inference task. We find evidence that people exhibit mixed approaches which broadly track the computational efficiency of simpler models, but still retaining the structure of Bayesian inference models. These findings shed light on the mechanics of this important social cognitive system and pave the way for future work in this area.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44r9b95k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aaron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baker","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Khushi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sharma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Yarrow","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dunham","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Julian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jara-Ettinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49961/galley/37923/download/"}]},{"pk":49342,"title":"People use theory of mind to craft lies exploiting audience desires","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Theory of Mind enables us to attribute mental states like beliefs and desires. We use it cooperatively, but we also use it adversarially, as when we lie. Prior work has shown people use Theory of Mind to craft lies to be believable to their audience, based on their audience's beliefs. But we usually also know something about our audience's desires. In this work, we ask a new question: Do people cater to their audience's desires by telling them what they want to hear? We propose that people expect others to be wishful thinkers---allowing their desires to color their beliefs---and exploit this by tailoring lies to audience desires. We implement this theory as a computational model and test it against human behavior in a novel task. This model quantitatively captures people's patterns of lying---both at the population and subject levels. This work advances our understanding of social cognition in adversarial interactions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g09x8mf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marlene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Berke","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sterling","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kartik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chandra","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Julian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jara-Ettinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49342/galley/37303/download/"}]},{"pk":49552,"title":"Perceived clusters may not explain people's judgments of approximate numerosity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The approximately number system (ANS) helps people quickly estimate the numerosity of objects in their environment. In this study, we explore one proposed mechanism for visually perceiving numerosity: visual clustering. Participants completed a magnitude comparison task, magnitude estimation task, and a clustering task using the same set of numerosity stimuli. The stimuli varied in the spatial configuration of the points (cluster structure -- clustered or dispersed) and in the number of points present. Participants judged stimuli with dispersed cluster structure to be more numerous in the magnitude comparison task. However, there was a minimal effect of cluster structure in the magnitude estimation task and no effect of the number of clusters perceived in both tasks. We also found that the clusters people perceived in the third task did not explain the effects of cluster structure. These findings go against strong claims that people use visual clustering to judge numerosity and set the stage for further investigations into the mechanisms underlying the ANS.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Pattern recognition; Sensory Processing; Spatial cognition; Vision"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79s8k1p8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vijay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marupudi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Sashank","middle_name":"","last_name":"Varma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""},{"first_name":"V. N. Vimal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota-Twin Cities","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49552/galley/37514/download/"}]},{"pk":50295,"title":"Perceived legitimacy of authority influences rule endorsement and intent to comply","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Although rules are codified in explicit language, the goals and normative force underlying them remain ambiguous. We argue that people interpret rules in the broader social context where the rule is set. We hypothesize that an authority's perceived legitimacy—impartiality, competence, and benevolence—affects rule endorsement and compliance through influencing interpretation of the rule's intent. In an online vignette study with 50 realistic rules that range from very positive to very negative, we found that participants were more likely to endorse and comply with the same rule if it is set by a legitimate compared to an illegitimate authority, independent of the a priori rule's valence (obtained from independent participants in a norming study). In ongoing work, we are testing the robustness of this effect, probing the potentially distinctive representation of legitimacy from other positive leadership dimensions, and investigating the cognitive mechanisms of how legitimacy shapes norm internalization and voluntary compliance.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f5k0rb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Setayesh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Radkani","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Peng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saxe","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50295/galley/38257/download/"}]},{"pk":50462,"title":"Perceived musicality in an android increases positive social attributions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Social robots increasingly mimic human traits. When a human-like robot (an android) seems to engage with music, a universal human behavior, how do people judge its social attributes? Musical engagement can enhance the android's perceived human-likeness, which may increase affinity but also trigger discomfort (the uncanny valley effect). In Experiment 1 (N =192), an android showed apparent musicality through movement-music synchronization (vs uncoordinated; or without music). In Experiment 2 (N=160), we manipulated musicality by adding (vs. not adding) headphones during movement – implying the presence of music participants could not hear. In both, participants rated the android with higher apparent musicality as warmer, more competent, and eliciting less discomfort (all p's<0.01, measured by the RoSAS scale; Carpinella et al., 2017). These findings show that human perception of androids is impacted by cognitive schemas about and attribution of musicality, which can be inferred even without hearing music directly.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Robotics; Dance; Music; Perception; Social cognition"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91h6d0nv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chaolan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Adena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schachner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50462/galley/38424/download/"}]},{"pk":49132,"title":"Perception as a Foundation for Common-Sense Theories of the World","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans have the remarkable ability to construct commonsense theories about the world through perception. From inferring the physical relationships between objects to understanding social interactions and predicting future events, perception plays a foundational role in shaping how we learn and reason. But how do systems for perception and higher level cognitive theories interact? Are perception and common sense knowledge distinct, such that perception simply provides information for other cognitive systems to act on (Firestone & Scholl, 2016)? Or are they interlinked in ways that allow common-sense theories to affect what we perceive, or represent the world for other commonsense domains (Levin, Baker, & Banaji, 2016)?","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05q9f3nz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abdul-Rahim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deeb","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Shari","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49132/galley/37093/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49132/galley/38638/download/"}]},{"pk":49654,"title":"Perceptions of A.I.-Enhanced Bodies: Autonomy, Authenticity, and Preferences Among Young Adults","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study explores the psychological impact of AI-generated and user-manipulated images on body image perception, particularly in the context of social media platforms. Focusing on young adults, the research examines their ability to identify A.I.-enhanced, user-enhanced, and unaltered images. Results indicate that participants can readily detect AI-enhanced images due to exaggerated features but struggle to identify subtle alterations from traditional photo-editing apps. Interestingly, participants showed a preference for minimally edited or unaltered images, despite faster detection of AI- enhanced images. Qualitative data suggest a divide in participants' attitudes toward AI manipulation: some expressed concern about its effects on body image and self-esteem, while others expressed indifference. These findings highlight the increasing difficulty in distinguishing authentic content from digital manipulation and raise important questions about rapidly evolving definitions of beauty and authenticity. Overall, findings underscore the need for media literacy interventions to address these challenges.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Attractiveness; Decision making; Perception; Computer-based experiment; Qualitative Analysis; Social media analysis; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76b1k3rs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ivonnia","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Flores Bravo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pontificia Universidad Cat—lica Argentina","department":""},{"first_name":"Ver—nica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramenzoni","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pontificia Universidad Cat—lica Argentina","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49654/galley/37616/download/"}]},{"pk":49206,"title":"Perceptual Discriminability Drives Overinformative Reference, But Colour Information is Special","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When speakers refer to objects in the world, they often overinform: provide their listener with redundant adjectival information. Contrary to classical theories in linguistics, recent theories have framed overinformativeness as an efficient means of grounding reference in perceptual information of high discriminability to facilitate listener comprehension. However, the generalisability of such theories is constrained by the methodological challenge associated with reliably manipulating the perceptual discriminability of naturalistic stimuli. Here, we overcome these methodological challenges, using methods from psychophysics to manipulate the perceptual discriminability of colour and material attributes in a reference-production experiment. We provide a robust validation of the view that overinformative reference is driven by speakers grounding expressions in attributes of high discriminability. However, we also find that colour information is privileged above and beyond such factors of discriminability.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language Production; Pragmatics"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w25p5mj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Merrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Giles","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Paula","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rubio-Fern‡ndez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","department":""},{"first_name":"Francis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mollica","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49206/galley/37167/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49206/galley/38712/download/"}]},{"pk":49688,"title":"Perceptually Training Viewers against Misleading Data Visualizations with Informative feedback","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Misleading visualizations are increasingly prevalent, with a surge in their negative impact on data interpretation, often leading to misunderstandings and poor decision-making. To address this issue, we investigate the impact of informative feedback within perceptual training targeting misleading visualizations. Our results show that informative feedback significantly enhances viewers' perceptual skills, improving both accuracy and efficiency in interpreting misleading data visualizations. Additionally, participants demonstrated a transfer effect, applying their developed perceptual skills to novel misleading visualizations beyond those encountered during training. These findings highlight the potential of perceptual training with informative feedback to strengthen viewers' resistance to misleading data visualizations, offering valuable insights for educational practices aimed at fostering viewers' resistance to misleading data visualizations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Instruction and teaching; Learning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt7c1m8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jihyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rho","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Shubham","middle_name":"Kumar","last_name":"Bharti","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Shiyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Martina","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Rau","name_suffix":"","institution":"Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Jerry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49688/galley/37650/download/"}]},{"pk":50192,"title":"Perceptual Strategies in Speech Quality Discrimination: A Comparison of Blind and Sighted Listeners","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines perceptual differences in speech quality discrimination using a novel ternary AX task, testing how blind and sighted participants perceive distortions in a synthesized speech signal. Two groups were tested across two difficulty conditions, involving differing levels of distortions. While sighted participants showed decreased performance as task difficulty increased, blind participants demonstrated greater stability and perceptual capacity. Additionally, groups struggled with different stimuli, suggesting that item-specific perceptual differences drive difficulty, rather than a uniform increase in task complexity. Acoustic analyses were conducted to explore potential factors influencing perception. These findings indicate that blind and sighted participants may rely on different auditory processing strategies, leading to group-specific difficulty patterns. Our results highlight the importance of individual perceptual mechanisms in speech discrimination, with implications for models of auditory perception and accessibility in speech technology.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Linguistics; Perception; Phonology; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zt2m0k6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gerda Ana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Melnik-Leroy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vilnius University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gediminas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Navickas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vilnius University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50192/galley/38154/download/"}]},{"pk":49514,"title":"Personalized Knowledge Tracing Based on Generative Models: Cognitive Exploration of Learning Preferences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"PLGAN is a generative model-based framework for personalized knowledge tracing, designed to explore and model individual learning preferences. By integrating a Personalized Attention Mechanism (P-Attn), PLGAN effectively extracts learners' distinct learning patterns and behavioral tendencies, addressing the limitations of traditional knowledge tracing models that assume homogeneous learner groups. Unlike conventional approaches, PLGAN dynamically adjusts the weighting of behavioral features, enabling a more nuanced representation of learning preferences and improving the accuracy of knowledge state predictions across diverse learning environments. Experimental results on multiple public datasets demonstrate that PLGAN achieves an average performance improvement of 3.5% in knowledge tracing tasks. Furthermore, the generative nature of PLGAN enhances its generalization and robustness, effectively capturing individualized learning dynamics. This work advances the study of personalized learning by leveraging generative models to model and analyze learner behavior, providing a cognitively informed approach to knowledge tracing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Interactive behavior; Skill acquisition and learning; Computational Modeling; Qualitative Analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b34459z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"ShiYu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southwest University","department":""},{"first_name":"Li","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southwest University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yichen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chongqing Institute of Engineering","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49514/galley/37476/download/"}]},{"pk":49429,"title":"Phonetic accommodation and inhibition in a dynamic neural field model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Short-term phonetic accommodation is a fundamental driver behind accent change, but how does real-time input from another speaker's voice shape the speech planning representations of an interlocutor? We advance a computational model of change in speech planning representations during phonetic accommodation, grounded in dynamic neural field equations for movement planning and memory dynamics. A dual-layer planning/memory field predicts that convergence to a model talker on one trial can trigger divergence on subsequent trials, due to a delayed inhibitory effect in the more slowly evolving memory field. The model's predictions are compared with empirical patterns of accommodation from an experimental pilot study. We show that observed empirical phenomena may correspond to variation in the magnitude of inhibitory memory dynamics, which could reflect resistance to accommodation due to phonological and/or sociolinguistic pressures. We discuss the implications of these results for the relations between short-term phonetic accommodation and sound change.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Production; Phonology; Computational Modeling; Dynamic Systems Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn1v9qg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirkham","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"Patrycja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strycharczuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Manchester","department":""},{"first_name":"Rob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Davies","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Welburn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49429/galley/37391/download/"}]},{"pk":49299,"title":"Phonetic cue distributions guide perceptual adaptation in speech: Evidence from a three-week study with a natural non-native accent","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human languages vary widely in the combination and balance of phonetic cues used to encode speech sounds, a source of non-native accents in second language learners. It has been hypothesized that repeated exposure to an accent leads to adaptive perceptual changes in native listeners through multidimensional distributional learning. Although this hypothesis is highly influential, it has rarely been tested against the complexity of naturally produced accented speech, and for a period longer than a single-session experiment. The current large-scale (N = 338), five-session experiment goes beyond this status-quo to examine the adaptation of native American English listeners to naturally produced Mandarin-accented English. A repeated exposure-test design was used to characterize adaptive changes in perception from the first few minutes to over the course of three weeks. The results reveal that behavioral changes can be predicted by listeners' sensitivity to changes in phonetic cue distributions. Possible joint contributions of early-stage auditory normalization and later-stage decision processes are discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Perception; Speech recognition; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p91z4vq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Xin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xie","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Chigusa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kurumada","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49299/galley/37260/download/"}]},{"pk":50257,"title":"Phonological Overlap Connects Semantically-Unrelated Concepts: Evidence from Neural Correlates of Language Co-activation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language co-activation can strengthen associations between unrelated concepts. We tested whether cross-linguistic phonological overlap impacts semantic processing of non-overlapping written inputs. English monolinguals and Korean-English bilinguals were presented with an interlingual homophone (e.g., \"moon\") and a word that is either semantically related (e.g., \"lock\" – \"moon,\" the sound /mu:n/ means \"door\" in Korean, which is semantically related with \"lock\") or unrelated across languages (e.g., \"fork\" – \"moon\"). While their EEG was recorded, participants had to judge whether the word pairs were semantically related. A smaller N400 effect (difference in ERP amplitude between related and unrelated word pairs) was found in bilinguals than monolinguals, especially for word pairs related in meaning across languages. We conclude that phonological links across languages can connect unrelated concepts, reshaping the lexico-semantic network.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Semantics of language; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xt4d0jn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ashley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chung-Fat-Yim","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Manitoba","department":""},{"first_name":"Maya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Page","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Viorica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50257/galley/38219/download/"}]},{"pk":49818,"title":"Physical reasoning during motor learning aids people in transferring mass, but not motor control mappings","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When people interact with objects, they show incredible flexibility in learning novel motor control mappings or adapting their known control mappings to variables like object mass. Such motor learning can benefit from intuitive physical reasoning, as novel contexts of object interaction could be a new combination of a previously experienced control mapping with a different object with known mass. In this work, we present a novel object interaction paradigm in which subjects learned to slide pucks at targets by releasing kinetic energy from a compressed spring in a computer game. Participants needed to learn how their motor actions related to the final positions of the puck, while also adapting to the mass of different pucks. With a Bayesian regression model, we inferred participants' beliefs about object mass and control mappings, and show that they could transfer information about previously experienced puck mass but not the motor mappings of the springs.
","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Learning; Motor control; Reasoning; Bayesian modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/746071qf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fabian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tatai","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technical University of Darmstadt","department":""},{"first_name":"Dominik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ürüm","name_suffix":"","institution":"Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Eckstein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Foundational Research Unit, Google Deepmind","department":""},{"first_name":"Constantin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rothkopf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technical University Darmstadt","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49818/galley/37780/download/"}]},{"pk":49835,"title":"Picture Book Features Influence the Use of Complex Modifiers During Shared Number Book Reading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In English, adjectives typically appear in a position where the modifier precedes the noun (e.g., \"the blue car,\" \"three ducks\"). Utterances in which the modifier comes after the noun (e.g., ducks, we have three) are far less common. Despite this, recent studies suggest that hearing number words after the groups of objects they describe help children learn the meaning of number words (Ramscar et al., 2011; Gibson et al., 2020). The current study explored how specific features of number books might influence the frequency of number-after-noun utterances during a shared book reading session between parent-child dyads. We hypothesized that number books that vary the category of objects counted across sets (e.g., one puppy, two lambs, three kittens) would encourage the number-after-noun construction. We used data from an existing study in which parent-child dyads (n = 157; child's Mage = 44 months; 88 girls, 69 boys; 91.72% of parents self-reported as white) were randomly assigned to read two number books. Results revealed that parent-child dyads who read number books that change the referent category across sets use more number-after-noun utterances (e.g., \"Oh look, a ball. We have three.\") than those who read books with the same referent category across sets (one puppy, two puppies, three puppies).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Language understanding; Learning; Reading; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f61h913","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chineme","middle_name":"Jane","last_name":"Otuonye","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Miyahara","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Kathleen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eberhard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"McNeil","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49835/galley/37797/download/"}]},{"pk":50096,"title":"PiPMRE: A Pipeline Based on Language Model for Medical Relation Extraction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Medical relation extraction (MRE) is commonly known to extract entities and their relations jointly from a medical text, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Previous studies treat MRE as a sequence tagging task, which results in either a challenging design of the tagging schema or a failed extraction of multiple relations, due to intricate relationships among medical entities. In this work, we review the task from a linguistic perspective and propose a novel pipeline framework, PiPMRE, developed on language models to enhance MRE performance. Specifically, PiPMRE consists of a relation generator and a relation filter. Given a text, the generator first yields multiple relational triplets, and then the filter scores each triplet and retains only those that pass the borderline as the final results. Implementing PiPMRE requires no tagging schema, instead, we use a simple template to reformulate the input text while ensuring entities and relations are generated in contextual order. Extensive experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate the advancement of PiPMRE. It surpasses the previous state-of-the-art by an average of 5.6 recall points and 4.4 accuracy points. PiPMRE's superiorities are also demonstrated in few-shot settings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hg1c38d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jiaxin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Duan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Fengyu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Junfei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50096/galley/38058/download/"}]},{"pk":49731,"title":"Plasticity and Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Color Discrimination: Insights from the 100-Hue Test","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines the plasticity of color discrimination and the speed-accuracy trade-off in color discrimination using the 100-hue test. To prevent ceiling effects from task simplicity, an unprecedently short time limit of 75 seconds was implemented, a novelty of this study. Unlike conventional 100-hue tests, accuracy rate—rather than total error score—was used to assess color discrimination ability due to its preciseness. The results showed that practice enhances color discrimination accuracy by 40% to 59%, with significant improvements observed after only three trials. Additionally, longer response times correlate with higher color discrimination accuracy. These findings suggest that color vision is highly plastic, with color discrimination ability improving significantly after three practice trials, and that a speed-accuracy trade-off exists in color discrimination.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Learning; Perception; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05g309z1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yanan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences","department":""},{"first_name":"Yasuhiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kawabata","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hokkaido University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49731/galley/37693/download/"}]},{"pk":49634,"title":"Plausibility sampling rather than difficulty influences sequential selection of episodic counterfactual thoughts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People often engage in episodic counterfactual thinking: simulating alternative ways in which past events might have occurred. Existing research has shown that the perceived plausibility of episodic simulations modulates judgments of regret, mood and prosocial behavior. However, knowledge about the factors influencing the perceived plausibility of episodic counterfactuals is limited or derived from studies using vignette-based hypothetical scenarios. Inspired by research on modal cognition, here we test whether counterfactual plausibility is influenced by a sampling process that prioritizes the generation of plausible alternatives. Additionally, we evaluated whether the sequential generation of episodic counterfactual simulations is associated with vividness and difficulty. Across two experiments we demonstrated that when people generate episodic counter-factual thoughts, they initially produce the most plausible and vivid mental simulations, without concurrent changes in difficulty. Our results provide support for a sampling process that prioritizes the generation of more plausible and vivid counterfactual alternatives over less difficult ones.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Memory"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r5845hk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ricardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morales-Torres","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke","department":""},{"first_name":"Kaylee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miceli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University","department":""},{"first_name":"Felipe","middle_name":"","last_name":"DeBrigard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49634/galley/37596/download/"}]},{"pk":49796,"title":"Play fair: Humans prefer an equal division of labor in a joint multiple object tracking task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In daily life, humans perform tasks in teams, in which the labor division is decided by one individual in the team and not jointly by the team members (e.g., if an employer delegates a task to an employee). In the present study, we tested how the labor is divided if one team member decides the labor division in a joint multiple object tracking (MOT) task. We found that humans preferred to equally split the number of tracked targets in the joint MOT task. When comparing the data with our previous study, in which participants performed the same task with a computer partner, we found that this preference for an equal labor division is specific to interactions with a human but not with a computer partner. Moreover, participants also tended to take into account the tracking difficulty of the delegated targets more with a human compared to a computer partner.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Distributed cognition; Group Behaviour; Human-computer interaction; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mc62087","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Basil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technical University Berlin","department":""},{"first_name":"Eva","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wiese","name_suffix":"","institution":"TU Berlin","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49796/galley/37758/download/"}]},{"pk":49468,"title":"Polite Speech Generation in Humans and Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When we give feedback, we face a delicate balancing act – we want to convey accurate information, but we also don't want to hurt someone's feelings. While computational pragmatic models have elegantly shown how politeness emerges from these principles, they've mainly focused on choices from limited predefined responses. Large language models (LLMs) enable the study of open-ended politeness strategies, but their ability to balance informational and social goals like humans remains uncertain. First, replicate previous work using restricted utterance sets, finding that sufficiently large LLMs (≥70B parameters) capture key human politeness patterns, particularly the strategic use of negation. We then extend this investigation to open-ended contexts, collecting and evaluating naturalistic feedback from both humans and LLMs. Surprisingly, human evaluators preferred LLM responses, which demonstrated sophisticated goal sensitivity and diverse politeness tactics. These findings suggest remarkable pragmatic competence in LLMs' polite language generation while raising questions about the underlying mechanisms.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Linguistics; Language Production; Pragmatics; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nh7c7k3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Haoran","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hawkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49468/galley/37430/download/"}]},{"pk":49800,"title":"Political Polarization and Fractionalisation from Rational Values-Based Inference in an Agent-Based Graph Network","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The rise in political polarization disrupts political consensus and causes individual harm. \nWe build on a theoretical framework of political polarization that emerges from uncertain political identity inference and signaling mediated by moral values. The current computational model extends this framework with rational inference tools and graph theory to better capture the complex dynamics of value-based inference and group formation. We find that minimally constrained signaling and promiscuous inference and updating of moral values leads to general network homogeneity. This contrasts with previous models using the same overarching theoretical framework and highlights the influence of model implementation, which should be further explored to triangulate the necessary causes of polarization. We discuss future extensions to the model to explore what facilitates political polarization as found in previous studies and the real world.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Humanities; Psychology; Sociology; Action; Behavioral Science; Cognitive Humanities; Complex systems; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Representation; Social cognition; Agent-based "}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gv6j71v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Navarre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Julie Maria Ejby","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pedersen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moore","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49800/galley/37762/download/"}]},{"pk":49228,"title":"Polysemy and Inference: Reasoning with Underspecified Representations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Lexical ambiguity has classically been categorized into two kinds. Homonyms are single word forms that map to multiple, unrelated meanings (e.g., \"bat\" meaning baseball equipment or a flying mammal). Polysemes are single word forms that map to multiple, related senses (e.g., \"breakfast\" meaning a plate of food or an event). Yet there is a longstanding debate as to whether polysemy and homonymy reflect distinct cognitive representations. Some (e.g., Fodor & Lepore, 2002; Klein & Murphy, 2001) posit that they do not—merely describing differing patterns of usage—while others (e.g., Falkum & Vicente, 2015; Pietroski, 2018) argue that polysemes, but not homonyms, involve an underspecified representation that is neutral with respect to the form's multiple senses. While some extant experimental evidence supports the latter view (Klepousniotou, Titone, & Romero, 2008; Srinivasan, Berner, & Rabagliati, 2019), there has not yet been clear evidence of the representation of lexical ambiguity affecting domain-general reasoning. Using a novel inference paradigm, we compare participants' dispositions to endorse deductive, Aristotelian arguments with equivocating polysemes versus comparable arguments with equivocating homonyms. We find that participants endorse the former substantially more than the latter, a phenomenon that we dub the Uncommon Sense Effect. Our results provide direct evidence that polysemes and homonyms have underlyingly distinct mental representations—in particular that polysemes uniquely invoke an underspecified representation","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Concepts and categories; Language and thought; Reasoning; Representation"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nv6w0qf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elliot","middle_name":"Guston","last_name":"Schwartz","name_suffix":"","institution":"CUNY Graduate Center","department":""},{"first_name":"Griffin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pion","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Graduate Center, CUNY","department":""},{"first_name":"Jake","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quilty-Dunn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mandelbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"CUNY Graduate Center","department":""},{"first_name":"Spencer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Caplan","name_suffix":"","institution":"CUNY Graduate Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49228/galley/37189/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49228/galley/38734/download/"}]},{"pk":49623,"title":"Portraying Large Language Models as Machines, Tools, or Companions Affects What Mental Capacities People Attribute to Them","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How do people determine whether non-human entities have thoughts and feelings — an inner mental life? Prior work has proposed that people use compact sets of dimensions (e.g., body-heart-mind) to form beliefs about familiar kinds, but how do they generalize to novel entities? Here we investigate emerging beliefs about the mental capacities of large language models (LLMs) and how those beliefs are shaped by how LLMs are portrayed. Participants (N = 470) watched brief videos that encouraged them to view LLMs as either machines, tools, or companions then took a survey measuring mental capacity attributions. We found that the companion group more strongly endorsed statements regarding a broad array of mental capacities that LLMs might possess relative to the machine and tool groups, suggesting that people's beliefs can be rapidly shaped by context. Our study highlights the need to explore the factors shaping people's beliefs about emerging technologies to promote accurate public understanding.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Human-computer interaction; Intelligent agents; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b2221gz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allison","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton Univeristy","department":""},{"first_name":"Sunnie S. Y.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Amaya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dharmasiri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Olga","middle_name":"","last_name":"Russakovsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49623/galley/37585/download/"}]},{"pk":49169,"title":"Potentially therapeutic effects of telling and retelling meaningful life stories","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We investigate how autobiographical stories of meaningful life events differ from other stories, and how the emotional dynamics of these stories shift when retold by the same narrators. Participants were initially asked to write down a personally meaningful memory. Later, they were invited to retell the same memory. As a baseline, we analyzed a previously collected set of stories that emphasized sentiment (sad vs. happy) but not meaningfulness. To examine emotional patterns, we utilized self-reported emotions, external ratings on core emotions, and sentiment analysis of stories, capturing both overall sentiment and emotional shifts within each story. Our findings showed that meaningful memories tend to be more positive than baseline stories, with a notable increase in positive emotions toward the end of the stories. However, in retelling, both positive and negative core emotions decreased. We suggest that the telling and retelling of a meaningful memory has therapeutic effects that emphasize positive sentiments, while decreasing the emotions to allow for a reframing of the memory.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w7684c0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ege","middle_name":"","last_name":"Otenen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ricardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rhodes College","department":""},{"first_name":"Fritz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Breithaupt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana university","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49169/galley/37130/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49169/galley/38675/download/"}]},{"pk":49578,"title":"Precise SO-ripple coupling facilitates the signal transmission during slow-wave sleep","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The interaction between hippocampal ripples and cortical slow oscillations (SO) has been proposed to play a critical role in memory consolidation during sleep. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the transmission of ripples within cortical regions remain poorly understood. In this study, we used a computational model to investigate how ripple events propagate through cortical networks. We found that sparse and weak inter-areal connections impede ripple propagation, while dense and strong inter-areal connections facilitate it. Notably, our findings reveal that when cortical networks exhibit slow oscillations (SOs), characterized by alternating up and down states, ripples occurring before the SO peak can propagate to distant cortical areas even in the presence of sparse and weak inter-areal connections. These results indicate that the precise coordination between SO and the ripple promotes efficient communication in cortical regions during sleep. This study offers new mechanistic insights into the role of SOs during slow-wave sleep, deepening our understanding of the processes underlying memory consolidation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Neuroscience; Memory; Sleep; Computational Modeling; Computational neuroscience"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09c6p6x8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Si","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang Lab","department":""},{"first_name":"Yina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wei","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang Lab","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49578/galley/37540/download/"}]},{"pk":50350,"title":"Predictability effects of Spanish-English code-switching: A directionality and part of speech analysis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous code-switching research (Carter et al., 2010) demonstrates Spanish's tendency to be the matrix language and the involvement of the determiner-noun part of speech (PoS) combination in Spanish-English code-switching. This research, however, primarily uses the spoken Miami Bangor Corpus (MBC), limiting generalizability across speech communities/modalities. We examined the MBC (N=261,711), the spoken Spanish in Texas Corpus, STC (N=416,784), and the written LinCe Corpus, LC (N=278,093) to analyze language directionality and PoS effects across speech communities and modalities. Bootstrap analyses indicate that Spanish was the matrix language at a higher proportion than English for MBC and LC, but English was for STC. Logistic regression analyses show the particle-coordinating conjunction combination was the strongest PoS predictor of a code-switch. These results suggest that corpus modality and speech community both affect matrix language proportions and that previously unconsidered PoS combinations may be involved in code-switching.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96b0t3sw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Higdon","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""},{"first_name":"Valeria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pagliai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""},{"first_name":"Zoey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50350/galley/38312/download/"}]},{"pk":49904,"title":"Predicting Human Choice Between Textually Described Lotteries","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Predicting human decision-making under risk and uncertainty is a long-standing challenge in cognitive science, economics, and AI. While prior research has focused on numerically described lotteries, real-world decisions often rely on textual descriptions. This study conducts the first large-scale exploration of human decision-making in such tasks using a large dataset of one-shot binary choices between textually described lotteries. We evaluate multiple computational approaches, including fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), leveraging embeddings, and integrating behavioral theories of choice under risk. Our results show that fine-tuned LLMs, specifically GPT-4o, outperform hybrid models that incorporate behavioral theory, challenging established methods in numerical settings. These findings highlight fundamental differences in how textual and numerical information influence decision-making and underscore the need for new modeling strategies to bridge this gap.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7838t9zr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eyal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marantz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Ori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Plonsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49904/galley/37866/download/"}]},{"pk":50238,"title":"Predicting the Time and Place of Critical Transitions in Socio-Cognitive Systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Collective behavior can change rapidly. Individuals can align their behavior suddenly, opting to cooperate or coordinate, such as in revolutions or riots. Can we predict when and where such collective shifts are about to occur? In many physical and biological systems, critical transitions from one regime to another are preceded by a variety of \"early warning signals,\" including increased relaxation time, variance, and autocorrelation. We investigate whether these early warning signals also prefigure sudden shifts in large-scale socio-cognitive systems. Using agent-based models, we demonstrate the existence of early warning signals of both the onset (when) and origin (where) of critical transitions in social interaction. These results were robust across social networks that varied in size and structure (i.e., random vs. small-world networks). We speculate that these signals may occur for many collective social-cognitive phenomena, including transitions in teamwork, norms, and communication systems.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Complex systems; Evolution; Group Behaviour; Agent-based Modeling; Dynamic Systems Modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jf8t3zm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Niehorster-Cook","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Merced","department":""},{"first_name":"Isabella","middle_name":"Marilia","last_name":"Dohnke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Merced","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smaldino","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Merced","department":""},{"first_name":"Tyler","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marghetis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50238/galley/38200/download/"}]},{"pk":49574,"title":"Prediction of Cognitive Impairment in Middle-aged and Elderly People: A Method Based on Granger Causality","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cognitive impairment is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people, which seriously affects health outcomes and quality of life, and carries a risk of progressing to severe stages such as dementia. Early identification is beneficial for timely intervention and treatment. This study proposes a new model for predicting cognitive impairment that integrates static and dynamic data, including medical, demographic, and social relationship features. It combines Granger causality with deep learning and uses multiple metrics to evaluate model performance. The performance comparison results between our model and the baseline model demonstrate that our model's predictions have a certain level of accuracy. In addition, causal features derived from Granger causality analysis are used to identify cognitive impairments. Statistical analysis shows that the selected features have statistical significance, further verifying the robustness of our model and its potential for predicting cognitive impairment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Causal reasoning; Cognition of Time; Dynamic Systems Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v19r85x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Siying","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sichuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Linna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Xinyu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Haoyue","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sichuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuehang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ma","name_suffix":"","institution":"none","department":""},{"first_name":"Xian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"SiChuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ziliang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feng","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Li","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49574/galley/37536/download/"}]},{"pk":49858,"title":"Preliminary Evidence that Infants and Children Use Accents to Inform Relational Expectations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior research suggests that infants and children prefer people who speak with the same accent as their parents. Here, we investigated whether 13- to 18-month-old monolingual, American English-learning infants (N=39) and 5- to 8-year-old children from diverse linguistic backgrounds (N=87) use accent to predict social interactions. Participants were familiarized to novel blob-like, English-speaking characters. The central protagonist and one side character shared an accent, while the other side character did not. We varied whether the central character had an American or Chinese accent. In Study 1, when the protagonist in distress had an American accent, but not when the protagonist had a Chinese accent, infants looked first toward the side character with the different accent. In Study 2, 5- to 8-year-old children with American-accented parents were more likely to say that a Chinese-accented character caused distress in an American-accented character. These preliminary findings suggest that infants and children may use accent as a social cue to make inferences about antisocial intent.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bx813mt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Denisse","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lopez Flores","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Steele","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Dhanishtha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Upadhyay","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Paola","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee-Vega","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ashley","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Thomas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49858/galley/37820/download/"}]},{"pk":50393,"title":"Preparing a learner for an independent future","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Caregiving helps learners survive in the present and ultimately thrive independently without their caregiver in the future. While some caregiving provides immediate benefits, other actions focus on long-term development, even if they cause short-term discomfort or setbacks. For example, a parent might allow their child to fail in a game to learn a useful lesson about the value of perseverance. Here, we develop a probabilistic model of caregiving with a recursive theory of mind using the Memo programming language that captures these intuitions. The model considers learners as POMDP planners, and plans over such learners to intervene on their beliefs in a way that will be valuable in the future. As predicted by the model, participants favor improving learners' knowledge over immediate efficiency, but only when that knowledge has future value. Effective caregivers thus think several moves ahead, accepting short-term costs to prepare learners for long-term success.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Decision making; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75z6c1rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Divya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sundar","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Kartik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chandra","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleiman-Weiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50393/galley/38355/download/"}]},{"pk":49516,"title":"Preschool Children's Learning and Generalization of Continuous Causal Functions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many causal relations can be represented by continuous functions that map inputs to outputs. Can young children learn continuous causal functions and generalize them from observed data to new scenarios? We found that 4- and 5-year-olds can represent continuous functions with different abstract forms. After observing a few input-output pairs, children can accurately infer positive linear and step functions by predicting the outputs of novel input values. They also have emerging knowledge of negative linear and triangular functions. While children do not yet make consistently accurate predictions for these functions, they can distinguish these functions from the positive linear function and show inferential patterns that are consistent with the respective functions. Like adults and older children, preschoolers show an inductive bias towards positive linear functions. Their understanding of negative linear functions--which strongly requires inhibiting this inductive bias--improves with age.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development; Development; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v0759td","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Caiqin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebekah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gelpi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iorini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"Guy","last_name":"Lucas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Daphna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchsbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49516/galley/37478/download/"}]},{"pk":50001,"title":"Preschoolers can form conventional pacts with each other to communicate about novel referents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Learning language requires learning not only the content of language, but also how to use language to communicate. Iterated reference games provide a window into such skills, requiring rich communication as participants converge on mutually understandable names for initially novel referents. Some early experiments are interpreted as evidence that 4-5-year-old children cannot converge to the mutually understandable names needed to communicate in an iterated reference game. Here, we revisit young children's referential communicative abilities using a simpler, child-friendly paradigm. Across 51 pairs of children, we found that 4-5-year-olds successfully established reference with each other. Children were 85% accurate, and they often used descriptions similar to their partner's. These findings suggest that children's capacity to construct effective referring expressions in novel contexts emerges earlier than once thought, consistent with the view that children show early pragmatic competence in supportive contexts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Interactive behavior; Language acquisition; Pragmatics"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/047820tn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Veronica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boyce","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"Z.","last_name":"Sparks","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yannick","middle_name":"Jenga","last_name":"Mofor","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Frank","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50001/galley/37963/download/"}]},{"pk":49467,"title":"Preschoolers Compute Literal and Pragmatic Meanings of Conditionals with Contextual Support","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding conditional inferences is fundamental to human reasoning, allowing us to predict the consequences of actions. For instance, the conditional, \"If you eat your broccoli, you'll get a candy\" can be interpreted literally, meaning eating broccoli is one way to get a reward, or pragmatically, implying it is the only way. Past studies show school-aged children (ages 7-12) struggle to arrive at literal meanings but, interestingly, compute adult-like, pragmatic interpretations at this age. A key limitation of past research is the lack of testing in contexts that favor literal meanings. We conducted two studies to examine whether children can derive literal interpretations when supported by context, focusing on scenarios where adults prefer literal over pragmatic interpretations. We found that preschoolers, as young as 4 years old, are adult-like in computing literal meanings of conditionals when contextually supported, and also can arrive at pragmatic meanings of conditionals. These findings inform theories of logical reasoning and implicature acquisition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language acquisition; Pragmatics; Reasoning; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11s6q9z5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ebru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Evcen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Barner","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49467/galley/37429/download/"}]},{"pk":50201,"title":"Preschoolers' Use of Quantitative Math Language in Picture Descriptions Predicts Early Numeracy Skills","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Early numeracy is foundational for children's future mathematics achievement (Duncan et al., 2007), and research shows that math-related language plays a role in its development (Purpura et al., 2017). However, the specific ways in which different types of math-related language contribute to numeracy remain unclear. This study examined if preschoolers' spontaneous use of math language during picture description predicts numeracy skills. A sample of 321 preschoolers (ages 3-5) completed picture description, print awareness, and numeracy tasks, including a measure of cardinality. Children's picture descriptions were coded for cardinal labels (e.g., \"three birds\"), spatial prepositions (e.g., \"in\", \"on\"), and other math-related language (e.g., \"more\", \"some\"). Results showed general numeracy and cardinality were significantly predicted by math language use (p=.002) and print awareness (p<.001). Spatial prepositions and cardinal labels were not consistent predictors. These findings provide further evidence for the link between numeracy and language.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Language Production; Learning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s40q6wx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michelle","middle_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Luna","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Claire","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Chineme","middle_name":"Jane","last_name":"Otuonye","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""},{"first_name":"Alina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boada","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"McNeil","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Notre Dame","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50201/galley/38163/download/"}]},{"pk":49396,"title":"Prevalence-Induced Concept Change: Universal or Context-Dependent? Implications for Social Psychology and AI Cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prevalence-induced concept change (PICC) occurs when reduced category prevalence increases the likelihood that ambiguous stimuli are classified as belonging to the now-minority category. PICC has been observed across perceptual and social domains and persists despite instructions or incentives to suppress it. However, other findings suggest its expression is instead shaped by social context. If AI models are to be treated as theories of cognition, they should exhibit PICC as well. We show that a standard AI model for sequential learning, trained on dynamic category distributions, does not display PICC, instead favoring the now-majority category. This opposite-PICC effect suggests that simple sequential learning may be insufficient to produce PICC. Additional mechanisms, such as structured priors, contextual sensitivity, or internal feedback, seem necessary for its emergence. Our findings contribute to the understanding of PICC and its implications for categorization theories, AI-driven decision-making, and the role of media exposure in shaping social perceptions.
","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Decision making; Social cognition; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nj10237","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Albrecht","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Freiburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Mikhail","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Spektor","name_suffix":"","institution":"VinUniversity","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49396/galley/37358/download/"}]},{"pk":50036,"title":"Priming Effects on Verbal Analogy Performance Across IQ Levels in Humans and AI","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It is well known that verbal analogy (VA) performance correlates with IQ; we hypothesize high IQ improves VA performance due to more comprehensive relation representation, and therefore priming with congruent (incongruent) relations should especially benefit (hurt) lower-IQ individuals. We find a significant overall priming effect (p<0.001), IQ effect (p<0.001), and a quadratic IQ effect on priming (p=0.012): mid-IQ shows greater priming effect than high-IQ, but low-IQ participants show no effect – due to lower priming accuracy (p<0.001) and the positive contribution of priming accuracy to priming effect (p=0.04). Separately, LLMs show similar priming and IQ effects (when prompted to be low- or high-IQ), with a change in error pattern between congruent and incongruent priming just like humans, suggesting possibly similar mechanisms. Overall, these findings deepen our understanding of the role of relation representation in VA and the influence of IQ.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Intelligent agents; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r61s1f1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Quinn","middle_name":"Yijing","last_name":"Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technical University of Darmstadt","department":""},{"first_name":"Angela","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technical University of Darmstadt","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50036/galley/37998/download/"}]},{"pk":49854,"title":"Primitive Linguistic Compositionality in a Hebbian Neural Network","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans have a powerful ability to generate novel compositional representations. For example, imagining a *pink banana* requires compositional mappings between signifiers *pink* and *banana* and the perceptual referents of these signifiers. This essential cognitive faculty remains challenging to model in a biologically plausible way. Here, we present a model that implements signifier-referent compositional associations using Hebbian associative learning. The model satisfies the following constraints: (1) once associated, both signific and referential inputs can activate the shared representation, and (2) when signific and referential inputs are compositional, the model should generalize to novel compositional combinations. When trained on MNIST, the model successfully learns to associate number labels with corresponding images. On colored MNIST, the model learns signific-referential associations for both digits and colors, with somewhat successful generalization to new digit-color combinations. This work serves as a proof of concept for biologically plausible models of signifier-referent association.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Language and thought; Language Production; Language understanding"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dt1927p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"George","middle_name":"Rocco","last_name":"Flint","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ivanova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49854/galley/37816/download/"}]},{"pk":49517,"title":"Prior beliefs impair logical reasoning about syllogisms on sexual violence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Belief bias in syllogistic reasoning occurs when individuals' agreement with a conclusion influences their assessment of its logical validity. While this effect has been widely studied in domains such as politics and personality-related reasoning, its role in evaluating arguments about sexual violence remains underexplored. In a pre-registered study, we examined whether participants' sexist beliefs and cognitive reflection influenced their ability to assess the validity of syllogisms related to sexual violence. Participants (N = 104) completed a syllogistic reasoning task with sexism-supportive, sexism-challenging, and neutral syllogisms, as well as the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and a Cognitive Reflection Test. The results indicate that when evaluating such syllogisms, participants' beliefs play a significant role. People tend to perceive syllogisms as logically valid if the conclusions align with their beliefs and as logically invalid if the conclusions contradict their beliefs. Furthermore, cognitive reflection moderated belief bias effects, but only for sexism-supportive syllogisms. These findings highlight the extent to which reasoning about gender and sexual violence is shaped by preexisting beliefs and suggest that cognitive reflection may help mitigate some bias-driven reasoning errors.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rf9g262","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ivan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aslanov","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chile","department":""},{"first_name":"Anita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tobar-Henr’quez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chile","department":""},{"first_name":"Ernesto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guerra","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chile","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49517/galley/37479/download/"}]},{"pk":49879,"title":"Prioritized memory can explain the effect of value on category representation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Category representations are often assumed to reflect the statistical distribution individual category members. However, recent work shows that people's category representations tend to be biased toward high-value category members. We propose that this bias stems from prioritized memory: when learning about a category, people devote more cognitive resources to remembering important or desirable items, leading to their overrepresentation in category-level representations. We test key predictions of this account behaviorally and computationally. Behaviorally, we find a strong correlation between the features people prioritize in memory and the features that dominate their spontaneous recall of category members. Computationally, we use variational autoencoders to show that when statistical learning prioritizes accuracy for certain items, these items are overrepresented when sampling from the learned category distribution. Together, these findings suggest that prioritized memory plays a key role in shaping category representations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Concepts and categories; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1s7865c6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Linas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nasvytis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Knobe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Fiery","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cushman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49879/galley/37841/download/"}]}]}