{"count":39543,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=32100","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=31900","results":[{"pk":53646,"title":"Sergio Waisman , Borges an d Translation, The Irreverence o f the Periphery","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"es","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9711x20b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marcelo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pellegrini","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-07-31T16:54:58-07:00","date_accepted":"2018-07-31T16:54:58-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53646/galley/40555/download/"}]},{"pk":55389,"title":"Shembeism and the Rainbow Nation: Shembe Religion and Cultural Change in Durban, South Africa","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No abstract","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03z6b3xf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dallas","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Browne","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-03-17T21:22:03-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-03-17T21:22:03-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55389/galley/41748/download/"}]},{"pk":37545,"title":"Sobre la cultura iconográfica de Cervantes (Ejemplos en el \nQuijote\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41g3v9cd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Margarita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lezcano","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Enrique","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rodríguez Cepeda","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-11-02T14:02:43-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-11-02T14:02:43-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37545/galley/28325/download/"}]},{"pk":34689,"title":"Some are Born White, Some Achieve Whiteness, and Some Have Whiteness Thrust upon Them: Mexican Americans and the Politics of Racial Classification in the Federal Judicial Bureaucracy, Twenty-Five Years after \nHernandez v. Texas","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c7529jh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"Harmon","last_name":"Wilson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-09T18:21:55-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-09T18:21:55-08:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34689/galley/25797/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34689/galley/25798/download/"}]},{"pk":60665,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[no abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b54p38x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[no author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T16:22:37-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T16:22:37-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60665/galley/46630/download/"}]},{"pk":60671,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[no abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bk8r2vs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T16:33:16-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T16:33:16-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60671/galley/46636/download/"}]},{"pk":60596,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Table of Contents","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65s0j2m6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"[No author]","middle_name":"","last_name":"JELP","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-11T21:02:20-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-11T21:02:20-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60596/galley/46561/download/"}]},{"pk":37550,"title":"The History That Is Criss-crossing Back and Forth: The Dialectic of the Same and the Other in Miguel de Cervantes's \nDon Quijote","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48s4f299","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sanja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bahun-Radunovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-11-02T14:07:45-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-11-02T14:07:45-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37550/galley/28330/download/"}]},{"pk":60675,"title":"The Impact of \nTahoe-Sierra\n on Temporary Regulatory Takings Law","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[no abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vq7z7xq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Siegel","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T16:37:32-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T16:37:32-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60675/galley/46640/download/"}]},{"pk":34686,"title":"The Non-Discrimination Ideal of Hernandez v. Texas Confronts a \"Culture\" of Discrimination: The Amazing Story of \nMiller-el v. Texas","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63j5k7jr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sandra","middle_name":"Guerra","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2014-01-09T18:17:13-08:00","date_accepted":"2014-01-09T18:17:13-08:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34686/galley/25792/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_cllr/article/34686/galley/25793/download/"}]},{"pk":53630,"title":"The Search for Identity in Nellie Campobellos Cartucho","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Critique","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tt017j7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anne","middle_name":"","last_name":"McGee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-07-31T16:34:51-07:00","date_accepted":"2018-07-31T16:34:51-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53630/galley/40539/download/"}]},{"pk":60602,"title":"The Steepest Hurdle in Obtaining a Clean Water Act Section 404 Permit: Complying with EPA's 404 (b)(1) Guidelines' Least Environmentally Damaging Practicable Alternative Requirement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2976c9tq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schutz","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-11T21:09:40-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-11T21:09:40-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60602/galley/46567/download/"}]},{"pk":60126,"title":"The Unintended Consequence of the Miller-Ayala Athlete Agents Act: Depriving Student Athletes of Effective Legal Representation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r36h9d9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Baker, Esq.","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-24T18:20:20-07:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-24T18:20:20-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60126/galley/46085/download/"}]},{"pk":60127,"title":"The Utility of a Bright-line Rule in Copyright Law: Freeing Judges from Aesthetic Controversy and Conceptual Separability in \nLeicester v. Warner Bros.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15d2w2gm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Fowles","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-24T18:22:38-07:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-24T18:22:38-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_elr/article/60127/galley/46086/download/"}]},{"pk":60668,"title":"Trade Measures and the Environment: Can the WTO and UNCLOS Be Reconciled?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[no abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gj3604n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Myers","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T16:27:10-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T16:27:10-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60668/galley/46633/download/"}]},{"pk":53636,"title":"Traducción","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"es","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Narrative","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cw328wd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Juan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Álvarez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas, El Paso","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-07-31T16:40:54-07:00","date_accepted":"2018-07-31T16:40:54-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53636/galley/40545/download/"}]},{"pk":60669,"title":"Tuna, Dolphins, and Purse Seine Fishing in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: The Controversy Continues","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[no abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53c1k9nq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Denis","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"O'Connell","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-25T16:30:51-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-25T16:30:51-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60669/galley/46634/download/"}]},{"pk":61163,"title":"What Makes Originalism Original? A Comparative Analysis of Originalism and Its Role in Commerce Clause Jurisprudence in the United States and Australia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60j4408j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Perlin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-30T13:13:42-07:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-30T13:13:42-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61163/galley/47155/download/"},{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61163/galley/47156/download/"}]},{"pk":60601,"title":"What's Yours Can Be Mine: Are There Any Private Takings after \nKelo v. City of New London\n?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No abstract]","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx591sg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schultz","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-09-11T21:08:43-07:00","date_accepted":"2013-09-11T21:08:43-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T16:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60601/galley/46566/download/"}]},{"pk":5733,"title":"A Review of the Empirical Laws of Basic Learning in Pavlovian Conditioning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Contemporary learning research has provided multiple paradigms that have benefited not only researchers in the field, but also applied theorists and practitioners. However, the emphasis on theory development has made the learning literature almost impenetrable to nonexperts. In the present paper, we attempt to summarize not the different theoretical perspectives that have been proposed to explain different instances of learning, but the empirical relationships that testing of such theories has uncovered. Because the empirical relationships we summarize here hold across preparations and species, we suggest that such relationships should be understood as the \nempirical laws of basic learning\n. The focus of our review is the Pavlovian conditioning tradition, but most of these relationships also apply to instrumental learning and causality learning. We hope that the relatively novel organization we present here helps researchers and practitioners to directly incorporate these empirical principles into their current theoretical framework, whatever it may be.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Pavlovian Conditioning"},{"word":"Instrumental Learning"},{"word":"review"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m76v2r5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Martha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Escobar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Auburn University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Ralph R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Binghamton, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5733/galley/3488/download/"}]},{"pk":5729,"title":"Biological and Economic Effects on Responding: Rate and Duration of the Pigeon's Key Peck","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pigeons were studied on a two-component multiple schedule in which key pecking was reinforced on a variable interval (VI) 2-min schedule in both components. In separate phases additional food was delivered on a variable-time (VT) 15-s schedule (response independent) or a VI 15-s schedule (response dependent) in one of the components. In addition to rate, duration of key pecks was measured in an attempt to differentiate the biological and economic effects on key pecking. When components alternated frequently (every 10 s), all pigeons key pecked at a much higher rate during the component with the additional food deliveries, whether response dependent or independent. When components alternated infrequently (every 20 min), pigeons key pecked at high rates at points of transition into the component with the additional food deliveries. Rate of key pecking decreased with time spent in the 20-min component when the additional food was response independent whereas rate of pecking remained elevated when the additional food was response dependent. The additional food deliveries, whether response-independent or response-dependent, however, had no consistent effect on the pigeon's key-peck duration. That is, there were no systematic or reliable shifts in peck duration as would be predicted if short-duration pecks were biologically based. Despite the fact that we were unable to “tag” the biological effect in terms of key-peck duration, the finding that the delivery of response-independent food has different, but predictable effects on responding suggests that animal learning principles can be integrated with species-typical, biological considerations without the need to propose constraints that limit general laws of learning.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Schedule"},{"word":"Key Pecking"},{"word":"Reinforcer"},{"word":"Rate"},{"word":"Duration"},{"word":"Pigeon"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vp359p2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel D.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Holt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Leonard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Green","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michelle W.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Muenks","name_suffix":"","institution":"Washington University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5729/galley/3484/download/"}]},{"pk":5719,"title":"Brood Parasitism and Brain Size in Cuckoos: A Cautionary Tale on the Use of Modern Comparative Methods","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies have yielded substantial insight into the functional relationships between the brain and behavior in birds. There are, however, important limitations to this method and problems can arise in the interpretation of the results. I use as an example, a test of whether interspecific brood parasitism is correlated with relatively smaller brains in the cuckoos and allies (\nCuculiformes\n). Both conventional and phylogenetically based comparative statistics were used in conjunction with three alternative phylogenetic trees of the species examined. The comparisons between brood parasitism and relative brain size yielded mixed results, depending upon both the statistical method and the phylogeny employed. Although this could indicate that the evolution of interspecific brood parasitism is not related to relative brain size, the limitations of the comparative method in conjunction with the mixed results make it impossible to determine this with any certainty. The fact that different phylogenetic relationships yielded different results highlights the importance of phylogenetic relationships in assessing brain-behavior relationships. The continued use of phylogenetically based comparative methods should therefore be done cautiously, particularly with respect to interpretation of the results as the outcome may be as dependent upon the phylogeny as it is on the data itself.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Brood Parasitism"},{"word":"Cuckoos"},{"word":"brain"},{"word":"comparative methods"},{"word":"bird"},{"word":"Cuculiformes"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f1646rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew N.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iwaniuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Monash University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5719/galley/3474/download/"}]},{"pk":5718,"title":"Cetacean Brain Evolution: Multiplication Generates Complexity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Over the past 55-60 million years cetacean (dolphin, whale, and porpoise) brains have become hyperexpanded so that modern cetacean encephalization levels are second only to modern humans. At the same time, brain expansion proceeded along very different lines than in other large-brained mammals so that substantial differences between modern cetacean brains and other mammalian brains exist at every level of brain organization. Perhaps the most profound difference between cetacean and other mammalian brains is in the architecture of the neocortex. Cetaceans possess a unique underlying neocortical organizational scheme that is particularly intriguing in light of the fact that cetaceans exhibit cognitive and behavioral complexity at least on a par with our closest phylogenetic relatives, the great apes. The neurobiological complexity underlying these cognitive capacities may involve the extreme multiplication of vertical structural units in the cetacean neocortex.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Brain Evolution"},{"word":"Cetacean"},{"word":"mammal"},{"word":"Neocortical Organization"},{"word":"Neocortex"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0272t0dd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marino","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5718/galley/3473/download/"}]},{"pk":5735,"title":"Changing Odor Hedonic Perception Through Emotional Associations in Humans","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A long-standing debate in olfactory perception is whether hedonic responses to odors are learned or innate. To test the hypothesis that olfactory hedonic responses are acquired through associative learning with emotion, two experiments were conducted that varied with regard to whether a novel (“target” odor) was pre-experimentally pleasant or unpleasant and the emotional association was positive or negative. Participants were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (odor + emotional association) and various Control Groups. Evaluations of the target odor and several common odors that were not explicitly part of the association procedures (anchor odors) were made: prior to the manipulations, postmanipulation, 24 h after the manipulation, and 1 week from the start date. In both experiments, evaluation of the target odor by all participants was comparable at premanipulation and responses to the anchor odors were unaffected by time or experimental condition. However in each experiment, post-emotional manipulation ratings to the target odor were significantly altered in the Experimental Groups and showed that odor perception had changed in accord with the emotional valence of the associated experience. These findings support the hypothesis that olfactory hedonic responses are learned through emotional associations and raise new methodological and theoretical questions for future research.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Odor Perception"},{"word":"Hedonism"},{"word":"Emotional Asssocitation"},{"word":"Emotion"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zd9h5mv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Herz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sophia L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Beland","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Margaret","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hellerstein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5735/galley/3490/download/"}]},{"pk":5722,"title":"Correlates and Possible Mechanisms of Neocortical Enlargement and Diversification in Mammals","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The mammalian neocortex varies greatly in size and internal organization across species. However it is often difficult to attribute specific cognitive abilities to corresponding cortical specializations. Here mammals with different sensory specializations are compared with their less, or differently, specialized relatives in order to identify trends in mammalian cortical evolution associated with increased behavioral abilities and sensory processing. In addition, some of the features of small versus large brains are considered in the context of evolution. The enlargement of cortex, changes to the organization of cortical areas, and the subdivision of cortex into additional areas, are seen as important trends correlated with the ability to process greater volumes of complex sensory information. Recent advances in the ability to manipulate gene expression during development suggest some of the mechanisms that have produced these changes. These mechanisms include alterations to a sensory surface (retina, cochlea, and skin) that affect neocortical maps through a cascade of inductive influences during development and more dramatic changes in brain organization that may result from duplication and subsequent specialization of cortical areas.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"Neocortex"},{"word":"Neocortical Enlargement, Neocortical Organization"},{"word":"Cortical Evolution"},{"word":"mammal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s09802v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kenneth C.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cantania","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5722/galley/3477/download/"}]},{"pk":5726,"title":"CS-US Interval Duration and the US-Preexposure Effect","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Three experiments examined the role of CS (conditioned stimulus) duration in the unconditioned stimulus (US) preexposure effect. Rats received preexposure to unsignalled food pellets that were delivered on a fixed-time 90-s schedule and magazine entry responses were recorded. In Experiment 1, there was no evidence of retardation of conditioning to a 15- or 60-s CS when rats that received US preexposure were compared to unexposed control groups. Experiment 2 revealed a US-preexposure effect with a 90-s CS, but only when the rats were given a 31.5-min wait in the experimental chambers prior to the onset of US exposure. In Experiment 3, it was discovered that the magnitude of US preexposure was related to CS duration, with longer CS durations demonstrating progressively greater retardation in conditioning. The results are discussed in light of recent time-based accounts of classical conditioning.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Interval Duration"},{"word":"Preexposure Effect"},{"word":"Conditioned Stimulus"},{"word":"Unconditioned Stimulus"},{"word":"Rat"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r49p5k6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dómhnall","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jennings","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of York, United Kingdom","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kimberly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirkpatrick","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of York, United Kingdom","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5726/galley/3481/download/"}]},{"pk":5727,"title":"Effects of Nonreinforced Preexposure to the Context on Autoshaping in Rats: Methodological Implications for Demonstrations of Latent Inhibition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Experiments designed to study latent inhibition typically use as a control condition a group of animals preexposed to the training context, but not to the conditioned stimulus (i.e., the context control). Experiments using the rat autoshaping preparation demonstrate that nonreinforced preexposure to the context facilitates subsequent conditioning to a discrete stimulus, particularly with large reinforcers (Experiment 1) and dramatically enhances performance under the unfavorable conditions posed by massed training (Experiment 2). Furthermore, it is nonreinforced preexposure to the training context, and not to a nontraining context, that enhances autoshaping performance (Experiment 3). The facilitatory effect of nonreinforced preexposure to the training context questions the exclusive use of the context control in latent inhibition experiments and suggests that findings based on such comparisons need to be reevaluated.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Preesposure"},{"word":"Context"},{"word":"autoshaping"},{"word":"Latent Inhibition"},{"word":"Rat"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r65d4wt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boughner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas Christian University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thomas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas Christian University, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mauricio R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Texas Christian University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5727/galley/3482/download/"}]},{"pk":5720,"title":"Evolution of the Large, Complex Sensorimotor Systems of Anthropoid Primates","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A cladistic approach was used to reconstruct the probable changes from the basic sensorimotor system of early mammals to the much more complex system of humans and other anthropoid primates. At the cortical level, early mammals had as few as 4-5 somatosensory areas and possibly no separate motor areas. Early primates already had 7-8 motor areas, and additional higher-order somatosensory areas in lateral and posterior parietal cortex. Anthropoid primates are further distinguished by more serial processing, 4 distinct fields in anterior parietal cortex, and more areas in posterior parietal cortex.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"Cortex"},{"word":"Cortex Evolution"},{"word":"primate"},{"word":"mammal"},{"word":"Complex Sensorimotor Systems"},{"word":"Anthropoid Primate"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gd6p7fj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jon H.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5720/galley/3475/download/"}]},{"pk":5723,"title":"Evolving a Playful Brain: A Levels of Control Approach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Play is rare in the Animal Kingdom, but relatively common in the larger brained vertebrate taxa. Comparisons at the level of classes, orders, and, in some cases, families, suggest that larger brained taxa are more likely to contain playful species. However, at the species level, such relationships generally disappear. In some well documented mammalian taxa, such as Rodentia, it is clear that there are species which do not play at all, some where the play is quite complex and some showing all grades in between. Comparative methods are used here to supplement proximal analyses of the content of one particular form of play, play fighting, so as to identify the neurobehavioral mechanisms that are needed in rodents to evolve complex play from simpler antecedents. At least five independent neural mechanisms are shown to be necessary to produce the most complex example of play fighting in rodents. The identification of such levels of control provides a new method for systematizing the diversity of play present in mammals. Furthermore, this approach sets the stage for re-evaluating the relationship between brain size and play. That is, the issue can be reconceptualized in terms of whether species with larger brains are more likely to have a greater number of control mechanisms. It is not that larger brained species are more likely to play, but rather, that when they do play, the content of their play is more flexible. Suitable comparative data sets are needed to test these possibilities.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Communication"},{"word":"brain"},{"word":"Play"},{"word":"Control Approach"},{"word":"rodent"},{"word":"mammal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23d5q25x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sergio M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pellis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lethbridge, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrew N.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iwaniuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Monash University, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5723/galley/3478/download/"}]},{"pk":5721,"title":"Implications of Marsupial Births for an Understanding of Behavioural Development","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A review of birthing in marsupials shows that there are at least three distinct methods. In the opossums (\nDidelphidae\n), possums, and kangaroos (\nPhalangeroidea\n), the expelled newborns crawl from the urogenital sinus to the pouch. In the bandicoots (\nPeramelidae\n), the expelled newborn remain attached to the placenta via the umbilical cord while they swim from the urogenital sinus to the pouch. In the \ncarnivorous Dasyuridae\n, the newborn are expelled in a column of viscous fluid in which they “swim up” to the tunnel between the urogenital sinus and the pouch and then move to the pouch. Some of the recent anatomical studies, on the relative development of the neural system in newborn marsupials and on the behaviours of the newborns within the three birthing methods, have reawakened interest in the mechanisms that might be used to find the pouch. The motor patterns occurring in the newborn marsupials have many similarities to the motor patterns that appear in eutherian embryos at these same developmental stages. Studies that correlate the motor behaviours with the sensory and neural development of newborn marsupials could have important benefits for the understanding of the early organization of behaviour in mammals in general.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Marsupial Births"},{"word":"Behavioural Development"},{"word":"Marsupial"},{"word":"Opossum"},{"word":"Possum"},{"word":"Kangaroo"},{"word":"Bandicoot"},{"word":"mammal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fg7v11p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nelson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Monash University, Australia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gemmell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Queensland, Australia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5721/galley/3476/download/"}]},{"pk":5725,"title":"Latent Inhibition of US Signal Value Following CS-US Training","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Two experiments with rats examined latent inhibition of unconditioned stimulus (US) signal value. In Experiment 1, latent inhibition (LI) rats showed attenuated conditioning, compared to control (C) rats, when a single food pellet, delivered 10 min into a session, was followed by three additional pellets. In preexposure, one pellet had been delivered 10 min into the session (in Group LI), or placed into the magazine at the beginning of the session (in Group C). Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 and also showed that latent inhibition of US signal value resulted after conditioned stimulus (CS) - US training. Results from Experiment 2 suggest that, in Pavlovian conditioning, subjects learn a CS-US association and also learn that a US signals a subsequent US-free period. Implications for theories of latent inhibition are considered.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Latent Inhibition"},{"word":"Unconditioned Stimulus"},{"word":"Conditioned Stimulus"},{"word":"Pavlovian Conditioning"},{"word":"Rat"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78t1c75t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Murray J.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goddard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New Brunswick at Saint John, Canada","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5725/galley/3480/download/"}]},{"pk":5730,"title":"Maintaining a Competitive Edge: Dominance Hierarchies, Food Competition and Strategies To Secure Food in Green Anoles (\nAnolis carolinensis\n) and Firemouth Cichlids (\nThorichthys meeki\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We explored whether the opportunity to learn about the arrival of food, a scarce resource, might facilitate subordinates’ food-stealing attempts―and dominants’ strategies to prevent stealing―in two species, namely green anole lizards (\nAnolis carolinensis\n) and firemouth cichlid fish (\nThorichthys meeki\n). Following establishment of a dominance hierarchy, each group was randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, either a learning treatment in which a signal preceded the appearance of food, or a control treatment in which both signal and food appeared at randomly determined times. Dominants and subordinates of both species learned to anticipate food arrival using learned cues, which in turn changed their social dynamic. In anoles, learning enabled subordinates to steal food more effectively, and both dominants and subordinates to capture it more quickly. Alternatively, learning enabled dominant cichlids to protect their food more successfully by mounting a more aggressive defense. These results suggest that learning could play an important role in the competition for a scarce resource amongst many animals that form dominance hierarchies.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Dominance Hierarchies"},{"word":"Food Competition"},{"word":"Anole Lizard"},{"word":"Firemouth Chichil Fish"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b52b5k9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Karen L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hollis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lisa A.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Blouin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mary C.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Romano","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kristin S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Langworthy-Lam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Siegenthaler","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mount Holyoke College, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5730/galley/3485/download/"}]},{"pk":5728,"title":"Pavlovian Processes in Simultaneous Discriminations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian associative processes appear to be intimately involved in the acquisition of simultaneous discriminations by pigeons. We have found evidence that in a simultaneous discrimination, value transfers from the positive stimulus (S+) to the negative stimulus (S-) and the basis of that transfer appears to be the higher-order association of the S- with the reinforcer, by way of the S+. Furthermore, the association between the S+ and the S- appears to be bidirectional, occurring in the form of a within event association. In addition, it appears that when pigeons have extended experience with the consequences of responding to the Sstimulus, contrast (the opposite of value transfer) develops between the two (e.g., increasing the value of one, decreases the value of the other). Finally, I suggest that versions of simultaneous discriminations may provide a useful model of several Pavlovian conditioning phenomena including, higher-order conditioning, withinevent conditioning, postconditioning devaluation effects, inhibitory conditioning, potentiation, and perhaps also overshadowing.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Pavlovian Conditioning"},{"word":"Pavlovian Processes"},{"word":"Simultaneous Discrimination"},{"word":"Associative Processes"},{"word":"Pigeon"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq208jq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zentall","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Kentucky, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5728/galley/3483/download/"}]},{"pk":5739,"title":"Pigeon’s Behavior as a Discriminative Stimulus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether stimulus control by a conspecific’s behavior generalizes to a different location and whether this behavior is maintained in the presence of a new conspecific. Three pigeons were trained to peck a key opposite to that on which another pigeon, the ”stimulus bird,” was pecking. After training with 2 keys, the third key was introduced. Generalization to this new key position was incomplete although one bird responded to this key during the first session and the other two birds showed some evidence of facilitation by the behavior of the stimulus bird. Next, having confirmed that experimental birds used only the stimulus bird’s behavior as a cue to key choice, a new stimulus bird was introduced. All experimental birds correctly responded in its presence indicating that the control was not specific to the individual in the presence of which training occurred.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Discriminative Stimulus"},{"word":"Generalization"},{"word":"bird"},{"word":"Pigeon"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c14246d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Naoki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nakashika","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University, Japan","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5739/galley/3494/download/"}]},{"pk":5737,"title":"Pre- and Postconflict Interactions Between Female Japanese Macaques During Homosexual Consortships","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I examine whether homosexual behavior in female Japanese macaques functions to reconcile conflicts following the outbreak of aggression. Contrary to the predictions of the reconciliation hypothesis, homosexual interactions between female Japanese macaques did not peak during postconflict periods, as compared to matched control periods preceding the conflicts. In fact, aggressive interactions appeared to inhibit, rather than facilitate, the expression of homosexual behavior among subordinate consort partners. Alternative proximate and ultimate explanations for female homosexual behavior in Japanese macaques are presented.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Homosexual Behavior"},{"word":"Conflict"},{"word":"Aggressive behavior"},{"word":"Female Japanese Macaques"},{"word":"Macaques"},{"word":"primate"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jk0q5s7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Lethbridge, Canada","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5737/galley/3492/download/"}]},{"pk":5732,"title":"Separate Training Influences Relative Validity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An appetitive conditioning experiment with rats assessed the predictions of a new performance-based account of associative learning called the computational comparator hypothesis (Murphy, Baker, & Fouquet, 2001a, 2001b). A between-subjects design was used in which the stimuli A or B were separately trained either as excitors or as inhibitors prior to and during a relative validity treatment. During relative validity training, X was reinforced when presented with A but was not reinforced when presented with B. In test, responding to X in extinction was lower when A or B had been separately trained as excitors than as inhibitors. Thus, contrary to the computational comparator hypothesis, responding to X was affected by more than just inhibitory training of A. Better fits to the data were obtained by Pearce’s configural theory (Pearce, 1987, 1994) and the extended comparator hypothesis (Denniston, Savastano, & Miller, 2001) than by the elemental theory of Rescorla and Wagner (1972) or the computational comparator hypothesis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Appetitive Conditioning"},{"word":"associative learning"},{"word":"validity"},{"word":"Inhibitory Training"},{"word":"Rat"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6026j9hm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mehta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Acadia University, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jamie-Lynne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dumont","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Winnipeg, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sharon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Combiadakis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Winnipeg, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Douglas A.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Winnipeg, Canada","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5732/galley/3487/download/"}]},{"pk":5736,"title":"Sex-related Responsiveness to Changes in Tactile Stimulation in Hooded Rats","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Hooded rats were allowed to choose between a Y-maze arm in which the floor had tactually changed, and an unchanged arm. This change was from either two rough (or smooth) arms to one smooth and one rough, or the reverse sequence, following 6- or 12-min acquisition trials. All rats were able to distinguish between the changed and the unchanged arms irrespective of the type of change. Males were less responsive to the novel arm after 12-min (possibly aversive) trials. They later emerged more slowly from a darkened chamber into a brightly lit arena, than equivalent females. For all rats, responsiveness to tactile change was positively correlated with emergence latencies. Fewer first entries of the more novel of two brightly illuminated Y-maze arms suggested disruption of responsiveness to change by an aversive experience.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Tactile Stimulation"},{"word":"Y-maze"},{"word":"novelty"},{"word":"Hooded Rat"},{"word":"Rat"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z79z2cf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert N.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hughes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Canterbury, New Zealand","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Helen F.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleindienst","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Canterbury, New Zealand","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5736/galley/3491/download/"}]},{"pk":5738,"title":"Shortcut taking by ferrets (\nMustela putorius furo\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A 2 X 2 between-subjects design was used to test for the tendency of domestic ferrets to take novel shortcuts. The cross maze with shortcuts adapted by Poucet (1985) was used to train ferrets to search for a goal (an empty food bowl) while having the possibility of seeing the shortcuts or not during training (i.e., a screen, which was either transparent or opaque, blocked off the shortcut). In the test sessions in which the animals were given access to the shortcuts, the goal was visible for half of the subjects in each training condition and not visible for the other half. Ferrets were more likely to take the shortcut if they had seen it during training, regardless of whether they could see the goal or not during the test: Visual familiarity with the shortcut is sufficient to account for shortcut taking. When the goal was not visible and the shortcut had not been seen prior to the test, performance was no different from chance: There was no evidence for the ability to infer a shortcut. Pronounced individual differences were obtained when the shortcut was visually unfamiliar yet the goal was visible.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Shortcut"},{"word":"Ferret"},{"word":"Visual Familiarity"},{"word":"mammal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fs2s98h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Perreault","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa, Canada","department":"None"},{"first_name":"C. M. S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Plowright","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa, Canada","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5738/galley/3493/download/"}]},{"pk":5731,"title":"The Role of Pavlovian Conditioning in Sexual Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Human and Nonhuman Animals","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The literature on human sexual deviations is replete with case studies and behavior therapies that demonstrate successful treatment of maladaptive sexual behavior acquired through Pavlovian conditioning. Ironically, the empirical research with humans in this area is limited and plagued by methodological confounds. Nonhuman animal studies have provided some information about the mechanisms of the role of Pavlovian conditioning in sexual arousal/behavior but have not been well coordinated with clinical research. The present paper serves to highlight the major empirical findings and theories of these two disparate bodies of literature, briefly discuss how they have emerged over time, and finally discuss their overlap and make connections between animal and human research on sexual arousal.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Intelligence"},{"word":"Choice"},{"word":"Pavlovian Conditioning"},{"word":"Sexual Behavior"},{"word":"human"},{"word":"Nonhuman Animal"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wc177zt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chana K.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Akins","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Kentucky, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5731/galley/3486/download/"}]},{"pk":5724,"title":"Trends in the Study of Pavlovian Conditioning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"These introductory comments for the special issue on Pavlovian conditioning begin with a brief review of Rescorla’s (1988) influential paper outlining how trends in the study of Pavlovian conditioning changed the dominant view from an analysis of simple associations to an information seeking approach. I argue that current research trends in Pavlovian conditioning suggest possible ways of integrating the information-seeking approach with a more embodied, evolutionary approach. I briefly consider four trends reflected in the following papers that potentially add to our appreciation of how ecology and evolution are involved in conditioning: (1) Exploring an adaptive basis for Pavlovian conditioning; (2) Clarifying the relation of Pavlovian and operant conditioning; (3) Relating preexposure and sensory preconditioning to the organization of exposure learning; and, (4) Integrating models of Pavlovian conditioning.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"cognition"},{"word":"Cognitive Processes"},{"word":"Conditioning"},{"word":"Pavlovian Conditioning"},{"word":"review"},{"word":"trends"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bp0g111","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"","last_name":"Timberlake","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5724/galley/3479/download/"}]},{"pk":5734,"title":"Uniqueness, Diversity, Similarity, Repeatability, and Heritability","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper reexamines classic attempts at estimating the number of possible genotypes for a species. In the original computations (Hirsch, 1963), the probability that any two human parents will produce two offspring with the same genotype was calculated to be equal to (1/223)2, or over one chance in 70 trillion. The error lies in that this number reflects the number of cells in the matrix of zygotes, not the number of zygotic genotypes. When this is taken into account, the probability of two human parents producing two offspring with the same zygotic genotype is 1 in 160,000—almost a billion times more likely than previously suspected. The complexity of the genetic system is also discussed in the context of the concept of “heritability,” often confused with that of “heredity.” This confusion has led to the wrong view that heritability represents a nature/nurture ratio.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"word":"Behavior"},{"word":"Behaviour"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Behavioral Taxonomy"},{"word":"Genotype"},{"word":"Zygotic Genotype"},{"word":"Uniqueness"},{"word":"Diversity"},{"word":"Similarity"},{"word":"Repeatability"},{"word":"heritability"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1398d56t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jerry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hirsch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2009-05-01T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-12-31T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5734/galley/3489/download/"}]},{"pk":45355,"title":"Circumventing Openness: Creating New Senses of Dutchness","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Time and again, people who come to the Netherlands are struck by the excessive openness of the Dutch landscape and the Dutch people. Migrants and visitors often remark that Dutch people boast of having created this territory themselves - they live in a transparent space they think they know and control completely.\n\n\nOpenness, a strong belief in visibility and directness, the need for, and the belief in control and regulation, these are a few of the characteristics that come up in such representations of the Dutch. They suggest a realist, rational and sober culture, where there is great acceptance of things that would remain hidden elsewhere. This very month, in October 2004, a survey showed that the Dutch still see soberness and common sense as the main national characteristics, while they characterize their own individual identity as primarily tolerant – and Dutch migrants defined themselves in the same way, only slightly disagreeing with regard to their soberness.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Dutch"},{"word":"openness"},{"word":"national characteristics"},{"word":"identity"},{"word":"tolerance"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g62t1wx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Isabel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hoving","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Leiden","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-02-15T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2005-02-15T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45355/galley/34145/download/"}]},{"pk":45352,"title":"Cultural Translation and the Problem of Language: Yiddish in Joseph Roth’s \nJuden auf Wanderschaft","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In 2000, W.W. Norton and Company released a new English-language edition of Joseph Roth’s 1927 compilation of essays entitled, \nJuden auf Wanderschaft\n. The edition’s dustcover proclaims in large, bold typeface: “A masterpiece of Jewish identity emerges in English 70 years after it was first written.” While it can’t be denied that Roth’s tale, which documents the mass movement of eastern Jews  westward across the European continent in the early twentieth century, has today captured both public and scholarly interest in German-  and English-speaking lands, the quotation still begs the question: Why are we reading Roth again now? Even the most tentative of answers to this question should include the fact that Roth’s concerns in \nJuden auf Wanderschaft\n, including the forcible displacement of a people and their subsequent dispersal throughout the world and Roth’s suggestion of a tyranny inherent in Western culture, find remarkable resonance in our contemporary reality. Global migrations and Westernization today inform research, not just, as the quote above anticipates, on identity politics, but also on topics which seek to move beyond or reinvigorate discussions of identity—topics such as mobility, diaspora, and migration.  Written by one who was both an assimilated Viennese and a Galician Jew born in the eastern-most reaches of the Hapsburg Empire, Roth’s work offers an extraordinarily complex and informative perspective on issues that remain current today. And yet, Roth’s \nJuden auf Wanderschaft\n is rarely analyzed in a manner which reflects this complexity in all its nuance. Most reviewers, in celebratory response to the work’s topical themes, see it as a poignant declaration of love for the vanishing eastern Jewish culture with which Roth had grown up.  Upon closer examination, however, an important part of eastern European Jewish culture does not fall within Roth’s romanticization: the language of eastern European Jewry, the Yiddish language itself. In an age of scholarship increasingly interested in the intersection of multiculturalism and multilingualism,  Roth’s (mis)treatment of Yiddish makes \nJuden auf Wanderschaft\n a cautionary tale which speaks not only to the themes of contemporary criticism, but also to the very methodologies which seek to shape this criticism.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Yiddish"},{"word":"Juden auf Wanderschaft"},{"word":"Cultural Translation"},{"word":"translation"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v0947ch","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bailey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-11-15T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-11-15T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45352/galley/34142/download/"}]},{"pk":45349,"title":"Global Heimat Germany. Migration and the Transnationalization of the Nation-State","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The article explores the increasing gap between the cultural dynamics of transnationalization in Germany and the national self-perception of the German society. While concepts of \"in-migration\" (\nZuwanderung\n) and \"integration\" still stick to notions of the nation-state as being a \"container\" embracing and controlling a population and a culture of its own, the various processes of material and imaginary mobility across the national borders contradict and challenge this notion as well as its political implications. By drawing on the transnational life-worlds and the cultural productivity of migrants, anthropological research has made important contributions to render visible this challenge. It is argued, however, that an all too exclusive focus on migration may, in fact, rather conceal the wider effects of transnationalisation and cultural globalisation on the society and its cultural fabric as a whole.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"migration"},{"word":"transnationalization"},{"word":"cultural globalization"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57z2470p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Regina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Römhild","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45349/galley/34139/download/"}]},{"pk":45359,"title":"GLUB\n (\nHearts\n)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"GLUB\n (\nHearts\n) is a film about seeds – the eating of them, the shells, the shops and stalls, the people cracking the shells and spitting them out; you see it and you don’t, hidden as it is in ordinariness. It is a phenomenon that embodies the invisibility that comes with both the hyper-visibility of pervasive presence, and the formlessness of what is situated between countability and mass. Utterly material, seeds are countable items but their countability does not matter. Instead, what characterizes seeds or glub is their massive presence. This cultural habit determines the way the street looks, not only because the shells are dropped, but also because eating is a communal activity, which makes the interaction between people look different – less indifferent. Shahram Entekhabi speculated that it is this aspect, a “symptom” of migration that only becomes visible once you notice it, that has made Berlin so much more lively, both as an urban place and, indirectly, as an art world. As soon as Entekhabi mentioned this to Mieke Bal, they had a project; they began to associate on the idea of seeds, and to collect visual memories.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"GLUB (Hearts)"},{"word":"hyper-visibility"},{"word":"aesthetics of the everyday"},{"word":"Berlin"},{"word":"art world"},{"word":"formlessness"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5848p76c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mieke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universiteit van Amersterdam","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-09-12T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2005-09-12T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45359/galley/34149/download/"}]},{"pk":45348,"title":"Good-bye, Germany!","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In recent years the question whether Germany was or was not a country of immigration became the bone of party contention, as the governing Gerhard Schröder/Joschka Fischer coalition of Social Democrats and Greens demanded a recognition of the changing face of Germany, and Chancellor Schröder made a thorough reform of migration to and citizenship in Germany a centerpiece of his political efforts.  By contrast, the Christian Democratic and Christian Socialist position papers and official party platforms stated again and again that Germany was not and could never become a classic country of immigration, because of the country’s history, geography, and social reality. This debate draws on a German historical memory that typically goes back only to the early years of the Federal Republic. Both proponents and opponents of the notion of Germany as \nEinwanderungsland\n have focused only on the past 50 years within the context of the democratic framework of the Federal Republic. The 1950s, however, may be a rather untypical period in modern German history, for by 1950 Germany (East and West) had become a fairly mono-ethnic country. A broader historical reconsideration might ultimately strengthen a demand for more reflections on the nature of the process of “integration” and for successful models of “multiculturalism.”","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Immigration"},{"word":"Zuwanderungsgesetz"},{"word":"citizenship"},{"word":"memory"},{"word":"Einwanderungsland"},{"word":"Gastarbeiter"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nm7g8vt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Werner","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sollors","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-02-27T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2005-02-27T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45348/galley/34138/download/"}]},{"pk":45347,"title":"Introduction to TRANSIT: Inaugural Issue Special Topic: Migration, Culture, and the Nation-State","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This first issue of TRANSIT grew out of a conference titled “Goodbye, Germany? Migration, Culture, and the Nation-State”, which was held at the University of California, Berkeley, October 28-30, 2004. The conference was organized by the UC Berkeley German Department and the Goethe Institut - San Francisco, in collaboration with the Institute for European Studies, the Townsend Center for the Humanities, the Pacific Film Archive, and the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. This event was part of an ongoing research focus on “Multicultural Germany” in Berkeley’s German Department, which includes a sourcebook publication entitled \nGermany in Transit: Nation and Migration, 1955-2005\n, forthcoming from the University of California Press in 2006, as well as a research archive and a lecture series.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"migration"},{"word":"Culture"},{"word":"nation-state"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pf6t335","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deniz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Göktürk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of German, University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anton","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaes","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of German, University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2005-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45347/galley/34137/download/"}]},{"pk":45360,"title":"November: A Film Treatment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"November is the time after October, a time when revolution seems to be over and peripheral struggles have become particular, localist, and almost impossible to communicate. In November a new reactionary form of terror has taken over which abruptly breaks with the tradition of October.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"November"},{"word":"terrorism"},{"word":"traveling images"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wm4w20x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hito","middle_name":"","last_name":"Steyerl","name_suffix":"","institution":"Goldsmiths College, London","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-03-05T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2005-03-05T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45360/galley/34150/download/"}]},{"pk":45357,"title":"Pathways of Migrant Incorporation in Germany","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this essay we examine five different pathways by which migrants with whom we have worked are incorporating themselves within Germany. Our approach to incorporation brings into the literature on migration the insight that social integration can take place within a process of social and cultural differentiation, a point that has been developed in work on ethnic identity in Africa and in US studies of multiculturalism and cultural citizenship (Schlee and Horstmann 2001; Flores and Benmayor 2000). However, rather than focusing on cultural and identity processes, we begin with an interest in the context of social relations out of which cultural similarities and differences are defined.\n\n\nTo differentiate our definition from the dominant discourse about migrant integration, we will speak of pathways of incorporation. In examining these pathways of incorporation, we note that migrants often live their lives in more than one nation-state at the same time. In four of the five pathways we describe, migrants become connected through social linkages and various forms of identity to Germany that at the same time connect them to organisations, communication systems or identities that extend transnationally (Glick Schiller, 2004).\n\n\nAll five pathways challenge ways in which migrant integration is commonly conceptualised within German discourse and public policy about \nAusländer\n. The fact that there are five pathways identified from our research highlights the weakness of past migration studies that tend to cast all patterns of migration settlement into the same mode arguing for a single model of migrant integration.\n\n\nThe five pathways we identify through our research can be called (1) Christian modernists, (2) local public foreigners, (3) familial networks, (4) vernacular cosmopolitanisms and (5) regional cosmopolitanism. In describing these five modes of incorporation, we draw from Boris Nieswand’s ethnography of Ghanaians in Berlin, Nina Glick Schiller and Evangelos Karagiannis’ ethnography of Nigerians and Congolese in Halle/Saale, Günther and Isir Schlee’s data on Somali in Germany, Holland and England, and studies of German Turkish media in Berlin by Ayse Çaglar and of Russian media in Berlin by Tsypylma Darieva. Lale Yalçin-Heckman contributes comparative points drawn from her research on Muslim labour migrants’ families and associations in Germany and France.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"migration"},{"word":"integration"},{"word":"identity"},{"word":"Transnationalism"},{"word":"simultaneous incorporation"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90b8w0dh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Glick Schiller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology and Department of Anthropology, University of New Hampshire","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Boris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nieswand","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Günther","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schlee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tsypylma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Darieva","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department for European Ethnology, Humboldt University Berlin","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lale","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yalcin-Heckmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology","department":"None"},{"first_name":"László","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fosztó","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-11-02T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-11-02T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45357/galley/34147/download/"}]},{"pk":45353,"title":"Provisional Multiculturalism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Distinguishing between descriptive and normative conceptions of multiculturalism, I argue that multiculturalisms emerged historically to challenge dominant presumptions of demographic, social, and cultural homogeneity. Focusing on contrasting pictures in the US and South Africa, I map the historical curtailments of heterogeneities in each. I conclude by urging multicultural commitments as provisional to the establishment of robust social heterogeneities.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"multiculturalism"},{"word":"Homogeneity"},{"word":"heterogeneity"},{"word":"US"},{"word":"South Africa"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81p4h6bg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"Theo","last_name":"Goldberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine/UCHRI","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45353/galley/34143/download/"}]},{"pk":45356,"title":"The Archive, the Activist, and the Audience, or Black European Studies: A Comparative Interdisciplinary Study of Identities, Positionalities, and Differences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"My aim in this brief article is to introduce a new international and interdisciplinary project on Black Europe which could be of some interest to German Studies for a variety of reasons that will hopefully become evident.  In doing so, though, I would like to focus initially on one particular aspect of this project; it is, incidentally, the one that might seem less than fascinating at first sight: the attempt to re-discover and re-contextualize archival materials on the black presence in Europe. My central argument here is that a rethinking of the uses of archives could open up a number of exciting possibilities going beyond this particular subject: in making history usable and relevant for people who would not normally go near an archive, for students who have abilities in information processing their teachers often fail to tap into, for activists linking worldwide through internet-based networks, and for a new reading of existing but largely unknown or ignored materials.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Black Europe"},{"word":"Archives"},{"word":"activism"},{"word":"History"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc204x4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fatima","middle_name":"","last_name":"El-Tayeb","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-09-14T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2005-09-14T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45356/galley/34146/download/"}]},{"pk":45354,"title":"The Limits of Multiculturalism","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Since the antiracist debates of the 1990s, it has been proper parlance in leftist circles to speak of multiculturalism as a particular kind of racism.\n\n\nBut what does the subject of racism have to do with multiculturalism? Even if one were to disregard the unreasonable conception that the subject is racist in the sense of a “full subordination of the individual under a paranoid system of meanings and perceptions of the world” (Demirovic, 1991), a link is all too quickly forged between the violent racism of Neo-Nazis and a concept of multiculturalism that was originally located in the context of antiracist practice. Succinctly put, “In the antiracist scene, it has lately become a common position to criticize multiculturalism in civil society as racism” (Bojadzijev/Tsianos 2000).\n\n\nThe use of the concept “racism” thus plays a dual, ambivalent role. In the 1990s, it took hold on the left as a political concept to describe local relations; throughout the 1980s, the term had been used more broadly in relation to South Africa’s apartheid regime or to describe “racial unrest” in the USA. In contrast, racist practices and ideologies in the Federal Republic of Germany have been identified in part with the concept of xenophobia. While xenophobia appeared to have more to do with a subject’s diffuse and irrational disposition, “racism” engaged in a systematic dispute with discriminatory, racializing practices in state and societal relations. At the same time, in the post-War era in Europe, the term racism was linked with the folkish-racist politics of National Socialism to the extent that the political weight of western liberal democracies’ condemnatory declarations resonated with the racism concept as well. Against this backdrop, allegations of racism were a political weapon not to be underestimated.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"multiculturalism"},{"word":"racism"},{"word":"antiracism"},{"word":"Xenophobia"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3n30b83n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Serhat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Karakayali","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Frankfurt","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-03-30T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2005-03-30T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45354/galley/34144/download/"}]},{"pk":45351,"title":"The Multilingual Experience: Insights from Language Memoirs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the US, FL education is still very much hostage to a view of language and culture that privileges the nation-state and its national native speakers. There are currently calls for more imagination/creativity/language play, more collaborative learning. But they have not put into question the ultimate goal, which is to approximate the (nationally conceived) native speaker and to discuss and interpret the canonical works of the native speakers’ national literatures. The teaching of culture in American FL education is still conceived as an initiation to national characteristics or representations promoted by nation-states such as Germany or France--an assimilationist process akin to the assimilation we expect of immigrants to the U.S. After 9/11, our government is interested in promoting the teaching of foreign languages in order to distinguish friend from foe within an international community of nation-states. The notion of ‘cultural difference’ might very well, as H. Seeba remarks, “form the core of the humanities” at American universities, but it does not mean that American FL education teaches the cultural difference, say, between the worldviews of Germans now living in Germany, German naturalized Americans, Germans living in France and Jewish Germans now living in Israel. It teaches about Turks living in Germany, but it does not explore the difference between them and Turks living in Turkey, American Turks, and French Turks. For American learners of German, native speakers of German are still seen as inhabiting a German-speaking national territory and sharing a single, monolithic view of history--an imagined target community inherited from the 19th century.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"multilingualism"},{"word":"identity"},{"word":"foreign language instruction"},{"word":"nationalism"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h79g172","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Claire","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kramsch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-11-17T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45351/galley/34141/download/"}]},{"pk":45350,"title":"The Rhetoric of Origin: Language and Exclusion in Historical Perspective","subtitle":null,"abstract":"I take my cues from the printed program of this conference which states that “the concepts of a national community based on ancestral lineage and cultural heritage have been called into question.” In the following I would like to distinguish more clearly between blood line on the one hand and cultural, especially linguistic tradition on the other and suggest that, while the rhetoric of the first is losing, the rhetoric of the second is gaining momentum. The recent culture wars concerning bilingualism in the U.S. are only one strong indication of this trend.  Another is the fact that many of the 100,000 immigrants from the former Soviet Union, who were identified as Jews in Russia, are now treated as Russians in Germany because the ethnic identification gave way to linguistic identification. The controversies surrounding the German/Russian debate are only the most recent developments in a long history of linguistic exclusion of alterity in German culture.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"National Identity"},{"word":"bilingualism"},{"word":"discourse of origin"},{"word":"French"},{"word":"Jews"},{"word":"Turks"},{"word":"Russians"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0357t86n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hinrich","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Seeba","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-03-16T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2005-03-16T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45350/galley/34140/download/"}]},{"pk":45358,"title":"Thomas Meinecke’s German Fictions of Multicultural America: Model or Admonition?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The end of the Cold War accelerated changes in the demographics of Germany that had been taking place in spurts since its founding: the settlement of \nAussiedler\n from the East increased with the demise of the USSR, conflicts in the Balkans and in developing  nations released new waves of refugees, and the descendants of \nGastarbeiter\n from the early 1960s onward began to play a more visible role in German society and politics. As land of origin for the term “multicultural,” the United States presented a possible model for unified Germany as it contemplated a possible new identity as “\nEinwanderungsland\n. ” Writer, pop musician, and disc jockey Thomas Meinecke, attuned to American music, has written two novels set in the US that emphasize its legacy as an \nEinwanderungsland\n while rejecting the idea of the American melting pot.  His two novels set in the US, the comic picaresque \nThe Church of John F. Kennedy\n (1996) and his formless multi-narrator novel \nHellblau\n (2001) both implement concepts from cultural studies theory to examine dimensions of the American  multicultural society from the perspective of disillusioned post-unification Germans. Moving off the beaten path both in their contemporary travel and in their historical research, these German characters encounter a wide range of distinct ethnic heritages in the US that move between mutual hostility and productive cross-fertilization. Rather than a melting pot, the US presents itself as a jumbled conglomeration of continuously evolving hybrids generating a rich culture--especially in music-- but a frayed socio-economic fabric. German stereotypes of the US as a materialistic land without culture give way here to an image of a country that has generated new forms of culture through the interaction of various ethnic groups. Meinecke’s view of the US explores the trade-off between the dynamism of a fissured and fragmented pluralistic society and the stability of a homogeneous society in which one ethnic tradition clearly prevails.  His novels thus anticipate the controversies emerging in the late twentieth century in both Germany and the US about the relative merits of a “\nLeitkultur\n”  or a dominant “core culture” versus a heterogeneous multiculture.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Thomas Meinecke"},{"word":"multiculturalism"},{"word":"America"},{"word":"Travel"},{"word":"Einwanderungsland"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tf371sj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cecile","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zorach","name_suffix":"","institution":"Franklin and Marshall College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-12-13T00:00:00-08:00","date_accepted":"2004-12-13T00:00:00-08:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45358/galley/34148/download/"}]},{"pk":45361,"title":"Yüksel Yavuz’s \nKleine Freiheit / A Little Bit of Freedom","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Yüksel Yavuz’s internationally celebrated film Kleine Freiheit / A Little Bit of Freedom (2003), tells the story of a friendship between two young men, both of them illegal immigrants living in Altona, one of them a Kurd from Turkey. Baran’s application for asylum has been declined, and he has therefore fallen into an illegal status in Germany. That means that he does not have basic rights, such as health care or job protection. He works as a delivery boy in a relative’s kebab restaurant. When he has a toothache, they try to cure him in the kitchen by sticking a hot skewer into his mouth. His scream leads over into the first montage sequence of a bicycle trip. This triple exposure sequence conveys a gripping cross-section of the neighborhood by superimposing shots of city traffic with shots of the various locations to which kebab is delivered, ranging from a Turkish bakery to a construction site and a brothel. The sequence conveys a sense of multilayered locality, which is underscored by the music of Mercan Dede. Despite the excess of mobility displayed in these images, the characters remain confined within the St. Pauli neighborhood throughout the film. Taking advantage of a “Germany in transit,” Yavuz’s cinematically impressive engagement with locations in Hamburg raises a whole range of interesting questions such as: Where is home? How are transnational mobility and traumatic memory represented in cinema? Do immigrants live in a “parallel world”? Do they care about integration into German society? Do they form new inter-ethnic alliances in this new place? How do questions of race and gender come into play? And where are German (and global) spectators positioned in relation to immigrant spaces and networks?","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Kleine Freiheit"},{"word":"A Litte Bit of Freedom"},{"word":"film"},{"word":"Kurds"},{"word":"Turks"},{"word":"Germany in transit"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qw9r66b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deniz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Göktürk","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2005-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2005-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-09-16T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/transit/article/45361/galley/34151/download/"}]},{"pk":3454,"title":"Abstracts and Titles of Recent Student Work","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Doctoral Dissertations, Masters Theses, MCP Professional Reports, and Recent Publications from the Institute of Urban and Regional Development","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"DCRP News","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pn5f4r0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"BPJ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Editor","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-19T14:07:10-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-19T14:07:10-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3454/galley/2211/download/"}]},{"pk":3452,"title":"Acknowledgements","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The editors of the Berkeley Planning Journal wish to thank the Institute of Urban and Regional Development (IURD) for its fi­ nancial support in the publication of Volume 1 7 . The remaining publi­ cation costs for this volume are covered by subscribers whose con­ tinuing support makes each edition possible.\n \nWe are grateful to Professor Cris Benton, of the Department of Architecture, for pennitting us to use one of his amazing kite aerial photography images for the cover, and to Marianne Wyss for creating a beautiful cover design. Thanks to Karen Chapple for providing help­ ful advice as the faculty advisor for Volume 1 7. And special thanks to Kaye Bock, Graduate Assistant for the Department of City and Re­ gional Planning, for her invaluable logistical and moraf support, and to the members of the editorial collective.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editorial Notes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07p7z7cb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"BPJ","middle_name":"","last_name":"Editor","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-19T13:59:07-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-19T13:59:07-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3452/galley/2209/download/"}]},{"pk":3453,"title":"Book Reviews","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Asset Building and Community Development by Gary Paul Green and Anna Heines\nUrban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, & Policy Responses by Gregory D. Squires\nThe Prospect of Cities by John Friedmann","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qs0v7dk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deng","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ronegerude","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Gerardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sandoval","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-19T14:04:07-07:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-19T14:04:07-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3453/galley/2210/download/"}]},{"pk":15948,"title":"A Modified Approach to Supraclavicular Subclavian Vein Catheter Placement: The Pocket Approach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Central venous access is often necessary for the administration of fluids, blood products, and medications. Several approaches to supraclavicular subclavian venous access have been described. This study examines the effectiveness of central venous catheter placement utilizing an alternative set of anatomic landmarks for supraclavicular subclavian vein access. METHODS: This was a two phase study. The first portion involved subclavian vein cannulation using a supraclavicular approach in 28 cadavers. The specific set of anatomic landmarks for the supraclavicular approach, termed the “pocket approach,” is described. Cadavers were subsequently dissected to verify appropriate line placement. The second portion was a chart review of Emergency Department (ED) patients who underwent attempted subclavian vein catheter placement utilizing the pocket approach. Charts were extracted following education of the ED faculty and resident staff to determine: 1) Success of subclavian line placement, 2) The incidence of pneumothorax, and 3) The use of supraclavicular subclavian access in the trauma setting, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and in patients who had cervical collars. RESULTS: In 28 cadavers, the success rate of the pocket approach was 100% (34/34; 95% CI 90% to 100%). Chart review of the 68 patients revealed a success rate of 90% (61/68; CI 80% to 96%). No pneumothoraces were recorded (0/68; CI 0% to 5%). The pocket approach was used successfully in 11 patients with cervical collars, (100%, CI 72% to 100%) and in 15 of 16 patients undergoing CPR (94%, CI 70% to 100%). In four fresh cadavers, the average distance from the posterior subclavian vein to the subclavian artery was 0.40cm, and the dome of the pleura was 1.75cm posterior to the vein. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the supraclavicular pocket approach to subclavian vein cannulation is a useful and safe method of adult central venous catheterization, with complication and success rates comparable to more common approaches. The anatomic advantage of a great vein that is closer to the skin and farther from the pleural dome makes this an approach worthy of further investigation.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/314808rg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gorchynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Worth","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Everett","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eleni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pentheroudakis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15948/galley/7990/download/"}]},{"pk":15970,"title":"CAL/AAEM President's Message: Proposition 67—Serving a Vital Need in California Emergency Care","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30f0j3g8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15970/galley/8005/download/"}]},{"pk":15965,"title":"Legislative Update","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wj5c45t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Buchele","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15965/galley/8002/download/"}]},{"pk":15952,"title":"Poison Control Center Management of Benzocaine Exposures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34q2p50v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Suchard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rudkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15952/galley/7993/download/"}]},{"pk":15962,"title":"Rebuttal to Why the US Should Adopt a Universal Care Coverage Program: “The Dueling Lances”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cq040tq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Montauk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergency Department Alta Bates Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15962/galley/7999/download/"}]},{"pk":15964,"title":"Rebuttal to Why the US Should Not Adopt a Universal Health Care Coverage Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w2058v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15964/galley/8001/download/"}]},{"pk":15958,"title":"Why the US Government Should Not Adopt a Universal Health Coverage Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2079d7n3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Montauk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergency Department Alta Bates Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15958/galley/7996/download/"}]},{"pk":15955,"title":"Why the US Should Adopt a Universal Health Care Coverage Program","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03x4r8sb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-07-01T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15955/galley/7994/download/"}]},{"pk":62401,"title":"Biology and Population Dynamics of Sacramento Splittail (\nPogonichthys macrolepidotus\n) in the San Francisco Estuary: A Review","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Sacramento splittail \n(Pogonichthys macrolepidotus)\n is a cyprinid fish endemic to the Central Valley of California with a range that centers on the San Francisco Estuary. It is a state Species of Special Concern and was only recently (2003) delisted as a threatened species by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Splittail live 7-9 years, tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and have high fecundity. Typically, adults migrate upstream in January and February and spawn on seasonally inundated floodplains in March and April. In May the juveniles migrate back downstream to shallow, brackish water rearing grounds, where they feed on detritus and invertebrates for 1-2 years before migrating back upstream to spawn. Seven long-term sampling programs in the estuary indicate that the splittail population is maintained by strong year classes resulting from successful spawning in wet years, although some spawning occurs in all years. Modeling shows them to be resilient, but managing floodplains to promote frequent successful spawning is needed to keep them abundant. Additionally, it is important to provide safe migration corridors between spawning and rearing grounds as well as abundant high-quality brackish water rearing habitat. Key research needs are (1) to examine how the timing, magnitude, and duration of high flows contribute to the generation of strong year classes, (2) to describe differences in young of year survival on the floodplain and in river margins from hatching to down-river migration, (3) explore the possible trophic effects of new invaders such as the overbite clam and Siberian prawn, and (4) determine the response of splittail populations to climate change and sea level rise.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Sacramento River"},{"word":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta"},{"word":"Sutter Bypass"},{"word":"Yolo Bypass"},{"word":"floodplain"},{"word":"endangered fishes"},{"word":"Cyprinidae"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61r48686","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Moyle","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Randall","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Baxter","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Fish and Game","department":""},{"first_name":"Ted","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sommer","name_suffix":"","institution":"California Department of Water Resources","department":""},{"first_name":"Ted","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Foin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Matern","name_suffix":"","institution":"Diablo Valley College","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62401/galley/48230/download/"}]},{"pk":62399,"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in a Shallow Estuarine Environment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Shallow subembayments respond differently than deep channels to physical forces acting in estuaries. The U.S. Geological Survey measured suspended-sediment concentrations at five locations in Honker Bay, a shallow subembayment of San Francisco Bay, and the adjacent channel to investigate the spatial and temporal differences between deep and shallow estuarine environments. During the first freshwater pulse of the wet season, the channel tended to transport suspended sediments through the system, whereas the shallow area acted as off-channel storage where deposition would likely occur. Following the freshwater pulse, suspended-sediment concentrations were greater in Honker Bay than in the adjacent deep channel, due to the larger supply of erodible sediment on the bed. However, the tidal variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in both Honker Bay and in the adjacent channel was greater after the freshwater pulse than before. During wind events, suspended-sediment concentrations in the channel were not affected; however, wind played a crucial role in the resuspension of sediments in the shallows. Despite wind-wave sediment resuspension in Honker Bay, tidally averaged suspended-sediment flux was controlled by the flood-dominated currents.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"suspended sediment"},{"word":"spatial variability"},{"word":"temporal variability"},{"word":"wind waves"},{"word":"freshwater pulse"},{"word":"San Francsico Bay"},{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g1756dw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Ruhl","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Geological Survey","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"H","last_name":"Schoellhamer","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Geological Survey","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62399/galley/48228/download/"}]},{"pk":62400,"title":"Trends in the Sediment Yield of the Sacramento River, California, 1957–2001","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human activities within a watershed, such as agriculture, urbanization, and dam building, may affect the sediment yield from the watershed. Because the equilibrium geomorphic form of an estuary is dependent in part on the sediment supply from the watershed, anthropogenic activities within the watershed have the potential to affect estuary geomorphology. The Sacramento River drains the northern half of California’s Central Valley and is the primary source of sediment to San Francisco Bay. In this paper, it is shown that the delivery of suspended-sediment from the Sacramento River to San Francisco Bay has decreased by about one-half during the period 1957 to 2001. Many factors may be contributing to the trend in sediment yield, including the depletion of erodible sediment from hydraulic mining in the late 1800s, trapping of sediment in reservoirs, riverbank protection, altered land-uses (such as agriculture, grazing, urbanization, and logging), and levees. This finding has implications for planned tidal wetland restoration activities around San Francisco Bay, where an adequate sediment supply will be needed to build subsided areas to elevations typical of tidal wetlands as well as to keep pace with projected sea-level rise. In a broader context, the study underscores the need to address anthropogenic impacts on watershed sediment yield when considering actions such as restoration within downstream depositional areas.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"sediment yield"},{"word":"Sacramento River"},{"word":"suspended-sediment transport"},{"word":"hydraulic mining"},{"word":"reservoir sedimentation"},{"word":"land-use impacts"},{"word":"watershed disturbance"},{"word":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/891144f4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Wright","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Geological Survey","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Schoellhamer","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Geological Survey","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-05-24T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jmie_sfews/article/62400/galley/48229/download/"}]},{"pk":2927,"title":"Contesting an Illusion of Equity:  A Textual Analysis of “Friend of the Court” Briefs in the University of Michigan’s Affirmative Action Cases","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The landmark rulings in the University of Michigan’s \nGratz v. Bollinger\n and \nGrutter v. Bollinger\n cases provide an important, albeit lukewarm, endorsement of race-conscious affirmative action admissions—however, not without first striking down mechanistic practices. In the months leading up to the Supreme Court’s rulings, affirmative action proponents and opponents submitted their arguments in the form of \namicus curiae\n or “friend of the court” briefs. Utilizing a critical race framework, this paper discusses how critics employed strategic rhetorical tactics in their amicus briefs to refute race-conscious affirmative action policies and promote the status quo. More specifically, this paper focuses on how critics of affirmative action utilized a normative \nlanguage of preference\n to recast “race-conscious” social policies as nothing more than “race-preferences.”","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"affirmative action"},{"word":"Critical Race Theory"},{"word":"Higher education"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vr45999","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"María","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Ledesma","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2927/galley/1732/download/"}]},{"pk":2928,"title":"InterActions\n:  An Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6817f2vz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arora","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"De Lissovoy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jenna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hartel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Watford","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2928/galley/1733/download/"}]},{"pk":2938,"title":"Review:  \nLobbying for Libraries and the Public's Access to Government Information:  An Insider's View\n by Bernadine E. Abbott-Hoduski","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70k5d0gp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Candace","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Lewis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2938/galley/1739/download/"}]},{"pk":2933,"title":"Review:  \nMaking Schools Work:  A Revolutionary Plan to Get Your Children the Education They Need\n by William G. Ouchi","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x90t6s7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trujillo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-14T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-14T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2933/galley/1736/download/"}]},{"pk":2936,"title":"Review:  \nTeaching Community:  A Pedagogy of Hope\n by bell hooks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67d1z7zq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Veronica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Velez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2936/galley/1738/download/"}]},{"pk":2940,"title":"Review:  \nThe Mind at Work:  Valuing the Intelligence of the American Worker\n by Mike Rose","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dn499m9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Manuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Espinoza","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2940/galley/1740/download/"}]},{"pk":2929,"title":"Service Learning in Library and Information Science (LIS) Education:  Connecting Research and Practice to Community","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper documents existing trends in service learning activities practiced in Library and Information Science (LIS) schools across the United States through the findings from two studies.  The first study shares highlights from a question-based survey that elicited responses from faculty at a major LIS school in the United States about service learning activities incorporated in the courses they taught during the year 2002. The second study presents key aspects from content analysis of websites of the top 10 ranked LIS schools in the United States.  This analysis identifies potential areas where service learning activities can be incorporated or strengthened in LIS education. Based on findings from the two studies, this paper calls for conscious efforts by LIS schools to train future students to engage in participatory action research (PAR) related activities in service learning and to establish a community informatics (CI) track in their master’s programs. Efforts to tie the three constructs in LIS education will help support social equity and empowerment of marginalized populations.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"community informatics"},{"word":"participatory action research"},{"word":"service learning"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hz625sv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bharat","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mehra","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2929/galley/1734/download/"}]},{"pk":2931,"title":"Using Segmented Assimilation Theory to Enhance Conceptualization of College Participation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the commonly used integration theory of student retention in higher education through the lens of an emerging theory of immigration used in the sociology of education. By discussing how segmented assimilation theory may apply to the study of college student persistence, this essay explores alternative ways of viewing student persistence that recognize the possibility of multiple pathways of college participation and of community membership. Accordingly, it suggests how integration theory can incorporate insights from more recent research on minority students’ experiences and newer theoretical developments in the study of student development and persistence.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Higher education"},{"word":"sociology"},{"word":"student retention"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78p1c36x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anne-Marie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nuñez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2004-10-15T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-19T00:00:00-07:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gseis_interactions/article/2931/galley/1735/download/"}]},{"pk":38868,"title":"A Case Study of Cleaner Production Opportunities in Small and Medium Enterprises on the Island of Mauritius","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Is a small-scale industry better for the environment than a large-scale industry?","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rd948gh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"T.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramjeawon","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Mauritius","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38868/galley/29294/download/"}]},{"pk":38886,"title":"Against the Machine: The Hidden Luddite Tradition in Literature, Art and Individual Lives","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zg332kb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryder","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38886/galley/29312/download/"}]},{"pk":38897,"title":"Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kf0t858","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Plec","name_suffix":"","institution":"Western Oregon University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38897/galley/29323/download/"}]},{"pk":38882,"title":"Chiricahua Mountains: Bridging the Borders of Wilderness","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n61x08t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Hook","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Idaho","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38882/galley/29308/download/"}]},{"pk":38867,"title":"Corporate Environmental Reporting Media: A Case for the World Wide Web","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Advantages and disadvantages of various reporting media for disseminating environmental information.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20d3x61r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sumit","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Lodhia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Australian National University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38867/galley/29293/download/"}]},{"pk":38895,"title":"Economic Dynamics of Environmental Law","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hx2323d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Piselli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vistronix, Inc.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38895/galley/29321/download/"}]},{"pk":38883,"title":"Ecotourism and Certification: Setting Standards in Practice","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bx5d8s6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Hook","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Idaho","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38883/galley/29309/download/"}]},{"pk":38866,"title":"Editorial – Improving the Environment in a Conservative Political Climate","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Can we improve the environment in any political climate?","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Editorials","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vh8c3nk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Scottsdale Public Library","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38866/galley/29292/download/"}]},{"pk":38876,"title":"Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r69j9bs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Blaustein","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38876/galley/29302/download/"}]},{"pk":38890,"title":"Energy: Science, Policy, and the Pursuit of Sustainability","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h56b6mr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Umar","middle_name":"Karim","last_name":"Mirza","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38890/galley/29316/download/"}]},{"pk":38893,"title":"Environmental Dispute Resolution: An Anthology of Practical Solutions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d34h6x0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Piselli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vistronix, Inc.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38893/galley/29319/download/"}]},{"pk":38873,"title":"Environmental Resources on the World Wide Web","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive coverage of environmentally related WWW sites, electronic journals, publications, and other resources.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Columns","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vr8c759","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Flora","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shrode","name_suffix":"","institution":"Utah State University Libraries","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38873/galley/29299/download/"}]},{"pk":38879,"title":"Fauna and Flora, Earth and Sky: Brushes with Nature's Wisdom","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jc3605w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Enzo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ferrara","name_suffix":"","institution":"Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38879/galley/29305/download/"}]},{"pk":38892,"title":"Grassroots of a Green Revolution: Polling America on the Environment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mg330x8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Piselli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vistronix, Inc.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38892/galley/29318/download/"}]},{"pk":38896,"title":"Hazel Wolf: Fighting the Establishment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s05n402","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Piselli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vistronix, Inc.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38896/galley/29322/download/"}]},{"pk":38871,"title":"How wonderful that","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Poems","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8s49q7k9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leszek","middle_name":"","last_name":"Czuchajowski","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38871/galley/29297/download/"}]},{"pk":15935,"title":"Improving Metered Dose Inhaler Technique in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine if improvement in patients’ metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique could be achieved in the emergency department (ED) with the use of a simple illustrated instruction sheet. Methods: Prospective evaluation of a convenience sample of patients with asthma or COPD. Patients were first subjectively and objectively evaluated on their usual MDI technique, then were given an illustrated instruction sheet to study for 5 minutes. There was no verbal coaching prior to the post-test. A post-test evaluation was then performed. Results were compared using paired Student t test. Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 34.9±13.1 years, and mean years using MDI was 5.7±3.8. Subjective improvement in technique was reported by 110 patients (96%) with a mean pre-test score of 7.4±1.5 and post-test score of 9.2±1.1 (p<0.0001, 10 point scale). Objective improvement was achieved in 113 patients (98%) with a mean pretest score of 3.9±1.3 and post-test score of 5.8±1.0 (p<0.0001, 7 point scale), corresponding to a 30% improvement in technique (95% CI: 22,39). Fortyfour patients (38%) reported never having been shown proper MDI technique by a health care professional, and 112 patients (97%) found the instruction sheet helpful. Conclusions: Rapid objective and subjective improvement of MDI technique from both patients’ and physicians’ perspective is possible in the ED with the use of an illustrated instruction sheet, and requires minimal effort from the treating emergency physician.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m34577f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Richards","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Luskin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Irina","middle_name":"N","last_name":"Krivoshto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Derlet","name_suffix":"","institution":"Division of Emergency Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15935/galley/7985/download/"}]},{"pk":38887,"title":"In a Perfect Ocean: The State of the Fisheries and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gn476js","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryder","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38887/galley/29313/download/"}]},{"pk":38891,"title":"Industrialized Nature: Brute Force Technology and the Transformation of the Natural World","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88s4g00j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pramod","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Nayar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Hyderabad","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38891/galley/29317/download/"}]},{"pk":15941,"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Presenting to a University Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: We sought to investigate the one-year point prevalence for male intimate partner violence (IPV) in men presenting to a university emergency department, to identify types of violence, to examine differences in male IPV rates based on patient demographics, and to identify any differences in prevalence based on types of partnership. Methods: This survey study was conducted from September 2001 until January 2002 at a tertiary, academic, Level I Trauma Center with an emergency department (ED) that has 40,000 visits per year. The anonymous written survey consisted of 16 questions previously validated in the Colorado Partner Violence Study, Index of Spouse Abuse and the Conflict Tactics Scale. This survey was administered to all consenting adult men who presented to the ED. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were calculated when appropriate and a p-value of 0.05 was set for significance. Results: The oneyear point prevalence rate of male IPV was 24% in our study population (82/346). Among the men who experienced some form of abuse specified as either physical, emotional, or sexual, the prevalence was calculated to be 15.6% (54/346), 13.6% (47/346), and 2.6% (9/346), respectively. Education, income, age, and race did not demonstrate an association for any one variable to be associated with intimate partner abuse (p>0.05) with the exception of increased risk of IPV among unemployed men in the relationship (p<0.04, OR 0.592). IPV towards men was found to affect both heterosexual as well as homosexual relationships. Overall, 2% (8/346) of the men surveyed had received medical treatment as a result of IPV by their intimate partner within the past year. Three percent (11/344) of those men reporting abuse were abusers themselves. Conclusion: The point prevalence of IPV among our study population was 24%. In our study of 346 men, male IPV crossed all socioeconomic boundaries, racial differences, and educational levels regardless of the sex of the partner.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t52v0z2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cherlin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gorchynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15941/galley/7988/download/"}]},{"pk":15938,"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Presenting to a University Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Objective: To establish point and one-year prevalence data regarding partner violence (PV) for women presenting to a university teaching hospital, University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), one of 15 emergency departments in Orange County, and to determine differences in partner violence rates when comparing descriptive variables such as race, income and education. Methods: An anonymous, written survey was administered to a convenience sample of 370 women presenting to University of California Irvine Emergency Department over a 12 month period. Results: Partner violence has a point prevalence of 6.7% and a one-year prevalence of 37.0%. Women who have experienced previous abuse are more likely to present with complaints related to PV acutely. Lower income levels correlate with a higher incidence of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. We found no correlation between race and likelihood of PV. Conclusion: PV in Orange County, California occurs quite frequently. The oneyear prevalence compares to that of the entire state of California, but is at the higher limit when other areas are compared. Detection rates among EPs should be improved, and services to women who have suffered PV will need to be enhanced within Orange County.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"http://google.com"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c49p7qz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kerilee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wenker","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine, Medical Center","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Julie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gorchynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2007-10-27T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/15938/galley/7987/download/"}]},{"pk":38869,"title":"ISO 14000 Standards: An environmental solution or a marketing opportunity?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A conceptual model suggesting that the ISO 14000 series is market driven and can prompt customer satisfaction.","language":"en","license":{"name":"none","short_name":"none","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp6264d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Clare","middle_name":"","last_name":"D’Souza","name_suffix":"","institution":"La Trobe University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_accepted":"2008-09-11T00:00:00-07:00","date_published":"2004-04-01T00:00:00-08:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/38869/galley/29295/download/"}]}]}