{"count":39503,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=3400","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=3200","results":[{"pk":49202,"title":"Prior-Prompt-Based GCN for Depression Recognition Through Gait Observation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In recent years, depression, as a prevalent mental health disorder has drawn increasing attention. With the advance of AI technology, automatic and objective diagnosis methods emerge by observing signals like electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, faces and behaviors. In the present paper, we propose gait analysis as a non-invasive method for depression detection. In this study, we propose a prior-prompt-based graph convolution network (PP-GCN) for depression recognition through gait that integrates skeleton and text modalities. Different from the conventional single-modal methods in the present study, we utilize prior knowledge and angle features. We innovatively introduce Generative Action Prompt (GAP), leveraging a pre-trained large language model to generate motion descriptions for different body parts, thereby providing prior knowledge for depression recognition. Additionally, considering the subtle gait feature variations in individuals with depression, we further incorporate a joint-angle-based representation strategy to capture fine-grained variations in movements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing skeleton-based approaches on a large-scale dataset which contains over 25,000 gait sequences from nearly 300 volunteers named D-Gait, achieving excellent performance.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Action; Emotion Disorder; Gesture analysis; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w81w2hp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chengju","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhou","name_suffix":"","institution":"school of artificial intelligence","department":""},{"first_name":"Yutao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"South China Normal University","department":""},{"first_name":"YAN","middle_name":"","last_name":"LIANG","name_suffix":"","institution":"South China Normal University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49202/galley/37163/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49202/galley/38708/download/"}]},{"pk":49152,"title":"Probing and Inducing Combinational Creativity in Vision-Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The ability to combine existing concepts into novel ideas stands as a fundamental hallmark of human intelligence. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like GPT-4V and DALLE-3 have sparked debate about whether their outputs reflect combinational creativity—defined by M. A. Boden (1998) as synthesizing novel ideas through combining existing concepts—or sophisticated pattern matching of training data. Drawing inspiration from cognitive science, we investigate the combinational creativity of VLMs from the lens of concept blending. We propose the Identification-Explanation-Implication (IEI) framework, which decomposes creative processes into three levels: identifying input spaces, extracting shared attributes, and deriving novel semantic implications. To validate this framework, we curate CreativeMashup, a high-quality dataset of 666 artist-generated visual mashups annotated according to the IEI framework. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that in comprehension tasks, the best VLMs have surpassed average human performance while falling short of expert-level understanding; in generation tasks, incorporating our IEI framework into the generation pipeline significantly enhances the creative quality of VLMs' outputs. Our findings establish both a theoretical foundation for evaluating artificial creativity and practical guidelines for improving creative generation in VLMs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fj0m0cw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yongqian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Peng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuxi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking Unversity","department":""},{"first_name":"Mengmeng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuxuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIGAI","department":""},{"first_name":"Yizhou","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Chi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yixin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Zilong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49152/galley/37113/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49152/galley/38658/download/"}]},{"pk":50279,"title":"Probing articulatory representation learning for phonological distinctions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"While a growing body of work has aimed to extract spatio-temporal units directly from speech articulatory data, there have been few attempts to probe whether such representations capture phonological contrasts employed in language and to model the mapping between motor plans and phonological representations. This study employs a joint factor analysis and neural convolutive matrix factorization framework to a multi-speaker real-time MRI dataset of vocal tract contours. The framework generates both gestures, the spatio-temporal units that form a given utterance, and gestural scores, which detail the activation of individual gestures in time. Probing of the gestural scores shows some ability to capture phonological distinctions, suggesting that such information is encoded by the model. The gestures, however, show poor discriminability along crucial phonological dimensions, likely limited by cross-speaker spatial variability. The results highlight the difficulties in cross-speaker articulatory modeling, but also show promise in using deep learning to model articulatory representations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Motor control; Phonology; Representation; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sz9g3qr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50279/galley/38241/download/"}]},{"pk":50375,"title":"Probing for experience-driven critical period effects in a large language model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Critical period effects (CPEs), wherein learning during childhood is easier, are often considered to be maturationally-driven. However, recent findings of CPEs in artificial, non-maturing models suggest they can be driven by experience alone. We investigate to what extent experience can drive CPEs in second language (L2) grammar acquisition by probing for CPEs in a large language model (LLM). Constantinescu et al. (2024) report no evidence for experience-driven L2 CPEs in LLMs, but do not discuss the fine-grained grammatical rules used in prior behavioral studies of CPEs. We document that LLM learning patterns vary across these rules, but mostly find no evidence for human-like CPEs. Our results therefore support previous conclusions that CPEs in L2 grammar acquisition are not driven by experience alone.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Language acquisition; Learning; Machine learning; Statistical learning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sc5186h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dyana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Muller","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Koquiun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kemp","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Francis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mollica","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50375/galley/38337/download/"}]},{"pk":50039,"title":"Probing Mechanical Reasoning in Large Vision Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Mechanical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, defined by its ubiquitous yet irreplaceable role in human activities ranging from routine tasks to civil engineering. Embedding machines with mechanical reasoning is therefore an important step towards building human-level artificial intelligence. Here, we leveraged 155 cognitive experiments to test the understanding of system stability, gears and pulley systems, leverage principle, inertia and motion, and fluid mechanics in 26 vision language models. Results indicate that VLMs consistently perform worse than humans on all domains, while demonstrate significant difficulty in reasoning about gear systems and fluid mechanics. Notably, their performance on these tasks do not improve as number of parameters increase, suggesting that current attention-based architecture may fail to grasp certain underlying mechanisms required for mechanical reasoning, particularly those pertaining to mental simulations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Machine learning; Problem Solving; Reasoning"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vz43710","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Haoran","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yijiang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Electrical and computer engineering","department":""},{"first_name":"Qingying","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Computer Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Haiyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lyu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","department":""},{"first_name":"Dezhi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Hokin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50039/galley/38001/download/"}]},{"pk":50464,"title":"Probing Perceptual Constancy in Large Vision Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Perceptual constancy is the ability to maintain stable perceptions of objects despite changes in sensory input, such as variations in distance, angle, or lighting. This ability is crucial for recognizing visual information in a dynamic world, making it essential for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, whether VLMs are currently and theoretically capable of mastering this ability remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluate 33 VLMs using 253 experiments across three domains: color, size, and shape constancy. The experiments include single-image and video adaptations of classic cognitive tasks, along with novel tasks in in-the-wild conditions, to evaluate the models' recognition of object properties under varying conditions. We find significant variability in VLM performance, with models excelling in shape constancy but struggling with color and size constancy. These results suggest that while VLMs are proficient in object recognition, they do not fully replicate the robustness of human perceptual constancy.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Machine learning; Perception; Vision"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw7g30z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Haoran","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Suyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Yijiang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Electrical and computer engineering","department":""},{"first_name":"Qingying","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Computer Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Haiyun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lyu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","department":""},{"first_name":"Hokin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Dezhi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50464/galley/38426/download/"}]},{"pk":49708,"title":"Problem-solving Strategies in Frictional Force Problems: Evidence from Think-aloud Protocols","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior work has shown that novices' intuitive conception of frictional force is often different from that of formal physics theory. These discrepancies can lead to challenges in physics education. The current paper focuses on a common misconception: \"frictional force always resists motion.\" Though frictional force is linked to relative motion (motion of one object compared to another), it is not always determined by absolute motion. We collected think-aloud protocols from participants, who had varying levels of prior knowledge, on physics problems about motion, relative motion, and frictional force. We analyzed how participants selected properties, made comparisons, and drew inferences. We found that regardless of prior knowledge, participants were able to extract relevant information from the descriptions. When collapsed across the three problem types, frequencies of comparisons did not differ. However, participants with high prior knowledge were more likely to compare objects when making inferences about force and motion. In contrast, participants with low prior knowledge were more likely to rely on insufficient information like motion of a single object. Participants with high prior knowledge were also more likely to leverage experience with other problems, by comparing across processes or constructing hypothetical scenarios.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Concepts and categories; Reasoning; Qualitative Analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kj743ns","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zixin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rips","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49708/galley/37670/download/"}]},{"pk":50168,"title":"Processing non-maximal readings of sentences with plural definites","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sentences with plural definites like ‘the circles' are usually\ninterpreted akin to universally quantified sentences (maximal\nreading). In some circumstances, however, they also allow\nfor non-maximal readings, i.e imprecise readings that allow\nfor exceptions. We report two mouse-tracking experiments\nthat investigate the online derivation of these non-maximal in-\nterpretations of plural definites. Our results show that non-\nmaximal readings are harder to process than maximal interpre-\ntations. This difficulty seems to be associated to hesitation in\nthe decision-process rather than to a truly two-step derivation.\nInterestingly, we also find that experimental setup plays an im-\nportant role in the availability and difficulty linked to these\nreadings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Natural Language Processing; Pragmatics; Semantics of language"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0538r54s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ang�le","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bernard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nantes UniversitŽ/CNRS","department":""},{"first_name":"Mora","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maldonado","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS/Nantes UniversitŽ","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50168/galley/38130/download/"}]},{"pk":50030,"title":"Promoting Actions to Conserve Biodiversity: A Cognitive Constraints Approach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that inducing the construction of a coherent, biodiversity-conserving moral narrative about one's place in the world can have a lasting impact on pro-biodiversity behaviors. Across two studies (n=447 and n= 509), one-time under-40-minute interventions leveraging two basic cognitive constraints — coherence and causal invariance — led to increased intentions to take biodiversity-conserving actions (Phase 1) and subsequent self-reports of engagement in these actions assessed a year later (Study 2 Phase 2, n=344). This sustained impact contrasts sharply with the typically short-lived (&lt; 2 weeks) effects of pro-environmental messaging. Participants completed exercises implementing the constraints to foster an expanded sense of self. Results show that the expanded self (e.g., agreement with \"I imagine myself to be part of a larger cyclical process of living\") mediated reports of engagement in biodiversity-supporting actions (e.g., donating to biodiversity organizations). These effects held across political ideologies, suggesting the approach's broader applicability to other persuasion topics.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Decision making; Instruction and teaching; Reasoning; Vision; cognitive neuropsychology; Cross-cultural analysis"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9798438q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Travis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""},{"first_name":"Junho","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northeastern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50030/galley/37992/download/"}]},{"pk":49719,"title":"Proprioceptive Recalibration by Moving Viewpoint: The Effect of Indirect Positional Information of Torso","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Manipulated visual information recalibrates proprioception in which participants perceive their body parts to be at a different location from their actual position in the body. Previous studies have provided direct visual information regarding the manipulated position of the body parts, which have often been the limbs in this context. In our experiments, we manipulated the location of the viewpoint and/or the virtual right arm during the training session. The viewpoint corresponds to the position of the head, indicating the position of the trunk connected to the head. The results of the experiments showed that this indirect visual information could cause a proprioceptive recalibration of the trunk, a very fundamental body part. In addition, a comparison with the arm, for which direct visual information was provided, suggests that the recalibration of the trunk in the absence of direct visual information was weaker than that of the arm.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Motor control; Perception; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h97580f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Miki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matsumuro","name_suffix":"","institution":"Honda Research Institute Japan","department":""},{"first_name":"Ayaka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matsushita","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Naoto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Akiba","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marie","middle_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Morita","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Fumihisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shibata","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Asako","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kimura","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan Univ.","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49719/galley/37681/download/"}]},{"pk":50252,"title":"Prosodic and other paralinguistic features of speech differ across social contexts and roles","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prosodic (e.g., pitch, rhythm) and other paralinguistic features (e.g., laughter) shape speech dynamics, but the ways in which different communicative demands, such as social context and role, influence these features remain unclear. Using a podcast corpus, we analyzed speech across two contexts (monologue and dialogue) and roles (host and guest). We extracted 18 prosodic features (across pitch, rhythm, loudness, timbre, and voice quality) and annotated several paralinguistic features: proportion of laughter, proportion of interjections, and response offsets (inter-speaker gaps). Prosody differed reliably across contexts, such that dialogue exhibited more variable pitch, faster rhythm, narrower loudness range, more stable timbre, and rougher voice quality than monologue. Speakers also laughed more during dialogue than monologue. Additionally, hosts tended to laugh more and interject less than guests, but both groups had similar response offsets. Ongoing analyses will investigate role-based prosodic differences and the continuous relationship between these features and semantic meaning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Production; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j92n17z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Qingzhi","middle_name":"Ruby","last_name":"Zeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Tamar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Galvin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Elise","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Piazza","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50252/galley/38214/download/"}]},{"pk":50429,"title":"Prosodic Cues in Differentiating Request and Permission Directive Speech Acts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Directive Speech Acts (DSAs), encoded by the imperative mood, exhibit various interpretations across languages, including acquiescence, advice, requests, and commands (Searle 1979; Wilson &amp; Sperber; Kaufmann 2012). This many-to-one relationship between form and meaning raises the key cognitive question: how do speakers disambiguate these interpretations?\nThis study examines the role of intonation in Greek imperatives, focusing on Nuclear Pitch Accent placement and boundary tones within the autosegmental-metrical model of intonational phonology (Pierrehumbert 1980; Ladd 1996; Arvaniti &amp; Baltazani 2005). Recordings were controlled to isolate linguistic cues provided by prosody while minimizing extralinguistic prosodic cues related to the speaker's emotional state. Preliminary findings indicate that a rising boundary tone consistently signals a request interpretation, whereas a combination of NPA and a falling boundary tone suggests weak permission. A follow-up study incorporating contextual stimuli, describing both the speaker's and addressee's situations, is underway to examine the influence of contextual cues on interpretation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Mood; Pragmatics; Theory of Mind"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n55g1dk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Despina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oikonomou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Crete","department":""},{"first_name":"Vina","middle_name":"Paraskevi","last_name":"Tsakali","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Crete","department":""},{"first_name":"Katerina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Iliopoulou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Crete","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gatsou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Crete","department":""},{"first_name":"Benedict","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vassileiou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Crete","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50429/galley/38391/download/"}]},{"pk":50015,"title":"Prosody in the Age of AI: Insights from Large Speech Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prosody affects how people produce and understand language, yet studies of how it does so have been hindered by the lack of efficient tools for analyzing prosodic stress. We fine-tune OpenAI Whisper large-v2, a state-of-the-art speech recognition model, to recognize phrasal, lexical, and contrastive stress using a small, carefully annotated dataset. Our results show that Whisper can learn distinct, gender-specific stress patterns to achieve near-human and super-human accuracy in stress classification and transfer its learning from one type of stress to another, surpassing traditional machine learning models. Furthermore, we explore how acoustic context influences its performance and propose a novel black-box evaluation method for characterizing the decision boundaries used by Whisper for prosodic stress interpretation. These findings open new avenues for large-scale, automated prosody research with implications for linguistic theory and speech processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt1s661","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Sohn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Knutsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""},{"first_name":"Karin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stromswold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50015/galley/37977/download/"}]},{"pk":50377,"title":"Prototypicality and frequency do not necessarily affect children's sentence comprehension","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prototypicality and frequency have been assumed to play a critical role in children's sentence comprehension. However, Mandarin-speaking five-year-olds' comprehension of the SVO structure consisting of subject verb object, ba structure consisting of subject ba object verb, and bei structure consisting of subject bei object  verb, all of which were plausible but contrasted with animacy, namely animate-animate (AA), animate-inanimate (AI), inanimate-animate (IA), and inanimate-inanimate (II) indicateed that the prototypical AI combination did not surpass all the remaining patterns and the ba and bei structures with low frequencies did not necessarily result in worse performance. Animate noun phrases (NPs) did not always trump inanimate NPs to be agent/doer. Although five-year-olds' performance with the IA bei structure followed eADM's and good-enough representation's predictions, the ba structure's better comprehension in the AI and II conditions than any other structure suggests that arrangement of argument order may not be as prominent as those theories claimed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Semantics of language; Syntax; Statistics"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k55z608","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dong-Bo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsu","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Taiwan Normal University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50377/galley/38339/download/"}]},{"pk":50098,"title":"Psychological Flexibility and Coping Strategies Influence Well-Being: The Mediating Role of COVID-19 Related Stressors During the Second Wave Among Indian Students","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The detrimental impact of the long-overdue pandemic has been widely acknowledged. However, the varied responses to its unprecedented challenges, particularly among young adults in college, are not well known. This study explores the role of psychological immunity in COVID-related trauma among Indian students. A significant proportion of students reported psychological distress, depression, and stress during the second wave between May and June 2021, with COVID-19 infection and related worries correlating with poorer mental health. Mediation analysis indicated that psychological flexibility negatively predicted distress, depression, and stress, while avoidance coping strategies showed a positive association with these outcomes. These findings suggest that psychological flexibility serves as a protective buffer against the impact of the pandemic, fostering resilience, while avoidant coping exacerbates its adverse effects. Interventions like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may enhance psychological flexibility and mitigate maladaptive coping, improving student mental well-being.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Emotion Disorder; Mood; Survey"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17n1f91v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adithya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jain","name_suffix":"","institution":"International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Priyanka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Srivastava","name_suffix":"","institution":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyd","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50098/galley/38060/download/"}]},{"pk":50262,"title":"Pushing people: the neural basis of social interaction perception","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We commonly use the language of physics to describe social interactions, even those that do not involve physical contact at all (e.g., pushing, pressuring, blocking). Is there a common conceptual basis for perceiving causal interactions? This study asks whether there is a shared neural code for physical and social interactions. For instance, when a gust of wind knocks a sailboat off its trajectory, is that interaction processed similarly to when an employee is kept from going home by their boss? To investigate domain-invariant representations of causal interactions involving enabling vs. preventing, we presented fMRI participants with vignettes depicting physical interactions between objects or purely social interactions (agents interacting socially but not physically). Multivoxel pattern analyses revealed that brain regions classically associated with physical reasoning and social reasoning contained domain-invariant representations of enabling vs. preventing. These results suggest a shared conceptual structure for making sense of physical and social interactions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Neuroscience; Psychology; Representation; Social cognition; fMRI"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dn963pj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Minjae","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Miriam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hauptman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Shari","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50262/galley/38224/download/"}]},{"pk":49121,"title":"Putting it together: Interactions between domains of cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the oldest and deepest questions across the cognitive sciences concerns the architecture of the mind (Fodor, 1983). Which cognitive capacities are supported by domain-general computations that apply to a broad set of inputs, and which are supported by domain-specific computations, that are specialized for a particular mental function? This question has motivated a broad set of research programs, ranging from the evolution and development of human knowledge (Tomasello, Melis, Tennie, Wyman, &amp; Herrmann, 2012), to the specialization of neural functions (Kanwisher, 2010), to building machines to think and learn in the same ways that we can (Lake, Ullman, Tenenbaum, &amp; Gershman, 2017).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Workshop","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zg743pd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shari","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Outa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49121/galley/37082/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49121/galley/38621/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49121/galley/38624/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49121/galley/38627/download/"}]},{"pk":50061,"title":"Quantifying Movement Coordination in Human-Robot Interaction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human-robot collaboration necessitates effective coordination strategies to optimize joint task performance. This study investigates how robot morphology and collaboration structure influence coordination dynamics during a shared assembly task within a virtual reality environment. Employing analytical methods from dynamical systems theory—specifically, Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) and Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (cRQA)—we examine temporal patterns of interaction between human participants and robotic partners. Participants engaged in two modes of collaboration: sequential, where actions alternate between partners, and simultaneous, where actions occur concurrently. Findings indicate that sequential collaboration fosters more predictable coordination patterns, whereas simultaneous collaboration, despite initial instability, leads to enhanced efficiency as participants adapt over time. Furthermore, robots with anthropomorphic features, such as Baxter, facilitate smoother and more stable coordination but do not consistently improve task completion speed. Conversely, less human-like robots enable faster task execution, albeit with reduced initial coordination quality. These results underscore the trade-offs between coordination stability and task efficiency, offering valuable insights for the design of adaptive and effective human-robot teaming strategies.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Robotics; Embodied Cognition; Human-computer interaction; Motor control; Spatial cognition; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pw4b3x6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Micha_","middle_name":"Jakub","last_name":"Weiss","name_suffix":"","institution":"Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw","department":""},{"first_name":"Eduardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Araújo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade de Coimbra","department":""},{"first_name":"Paula Alexandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade de Coimbra","department":""},{"first_name":"Artur","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pilacinski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ruhr University Bochum","department":""},{"first_name":"Julian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zubek","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warsaw","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50061/galley/38023/download/"}]},{"pk":49983,"title":"Quantifying Recursive Mentalizing Depth for Social Navigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Effective social navigation requires individuals to infer others' intentions and adjust their movements accordingly to avoid collisions. A key aspect of this process is recursive reasoning, where individuals anticipate that others are also inferring their intentions. In this study, we quantitatively measured whether humans exhibit spontaneous mentalizing during navigation and developed a computational model to demonstrate the basic principle. Then, we introduced a novel framework for quantifying the recursive depth of human mentalizing during social navigation. Using a Doors-choosing task within a VR environment, participants navigated between two doors while avoiding a virtual human. Analyzing choice patterns, confidence levels and walking trajectories, we found that participants engaged in one or two levels of recursion, with respective probabilities of 80% and 20%. This study provides a quantitative estimation of the recursive depth of mentalizing in navigation and establishes a foundation for integrating human recursive reasoning into socially intelligent agents.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Theory of Mind; Computational Modeling; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk5761t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Qi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chang","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Chen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","department":""},{"first_name":"Ming-Cheng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miao","name_suffix":"","institution":"East China Normal University","department":""},{"first_name":"Shuye","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"East China Normal University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yihe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gu","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Shuguang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kuai","name_suffix":"","institution":"East China Normal University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49983/galley/37945/download/"}]},{"pk":49385,"title":"Quantifying Risk Propensities of Large Language Models: Ethical Focus and Bias Detection through Role-Play","subtitle":null,"abstract":"As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more prevalent, concerns about their safety, ethics, and potential biases have risen. Systematically evaluating LLMs' risk decision-making tendencies, particularly in the ethical domain, has become crucial. This study innovatively applies the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale from cognitive science to LLMs and proposes a novel Ethical Decision-Making Risk Attitude Scale (EDRAS) to assess LLMs' ethical risk attitudes in depth. We further propose a novel approach integrating risk scales and role-playing to quantitatively evaluate systematic biases in LLMs. Through systematic evaluation of multiple mainstream LLMs, we assessed the \"risk personalities\" of LLMs across multiple domains, with a particular focus on the ethical domain, and revealed and quantified LLMs' systematic biases towards different groups. This helps understand LLMs' risk decision-making and ensure their safe and reliable application. Our approach provides a tool for identifying biases, contributing to fairer and more trustworthy AI systems.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Sociology; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97c1h4j6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yifan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kairong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liang","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Computer Science and Engineering","department":""},{"first_name":"Fangzhou","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","department":""},{"first_name":"Peijia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49385/galley/37347/download/"}]},{"pk":50415,"title":"Quantifying the context-level valence and arousal in children's written language","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Analysis of adult language shows positive correlations between a word's affective features (valence, arousal) and those of its surrounding language context, but whether this extends to children's language remains unclear. To address this, we quantified the emotional context of words within a large corpus of children's written stories (N &gt; 100,000, ages 7-13). Following Snefjella and Kuperman's (2016) procedures, we defined a word's context as the five content words immediately preceding and following it (10 in total). Context valence and arousal were computed for each occurrence and averaged across all occurrences in the corpus, yielding affective values for 24,383 words and their contexts. We found positive correlations between context-level and word-level affective variables (valence: r = 0.46, arousal: r = 0.32), consistent across the 7-13 age range. This study extends adult findings to children's written language and provides a resource for future research on emotional contexts in language development.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Emotion; Language Production; Big data; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74w9k1hp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuzhen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dong","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""},{"first_name":"Kate","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nation","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50415/galley/38377/download/"}]},{"pk":49198,"title":"Quantifying the cost of context sensitivity in decision making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It is well known that context-dependent decisions incur mental costs. While previous research has sought to formalize these costs at various levels of analysis, we still lack basic insight into the nature of mental costs, including the underlying cognitive resources being consumed. Moreover, many computational models assume that mental costs scale linearly with the cognitive resource being used, an assumption of convenience that has yet to be systematically tested. To address these gaps, we build on rate-distortion theory by formalizing an information-theoretic notion of mental costs. Specifically, we define the cost of policies---the mappings from states to actions---as a function of the mutual information between states and actions, the policy complexity. Across four decision-making experiments featuring diverse task manipulations, we find that this mental cost formulation offers a parsimonious description of how humans adaptively adjust their policy complexity across different tasks. Notably, a quadratic mental cost formulation, where increases in policy complexity incur supralinear costs, provides the best fit. These findings highlight the meta-cognitive ability of humans to account for mental costs when forming decision strategies, and pave the way towards a domain-general quantification of mental effort.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Action; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8088342g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shuze","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gershman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bilal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bari","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49198/galley/37159/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49198/galley/38704/download/"}]},{"pk":49474,"title":"Quantitative Qualitative Correspondence in Grammaticalization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The gradual nature of historical language change is widely acknowledged. We explore a syntactic change model that offers a new view into the theoretical difference between classical and neural network claims about language encoding. Most prior treatments of grammaticalization fail to account for how, exactly, new forms arise, focusing instead on change following innovation. A phenomenon relevant to the innovation puzzle is Quantitative Anticipation of Qualitative Change in Grammaticalization (QAQCG)---gradual statistical changes anticipate structural changes. Although prior researchers have given phenomenological descriptions, we know of no rigorous method for testing whether QAQCG exists. Here, we quantitatively examine the case of English \"a lot\" which has grammaticalized an Adverb function from a Noun Phrase function. A simple feedforward neural network implements QAQCG, predicting a curving trajectory in probability space. Bayes Factor analysis supports the network over a classically-motivated linear model, highlighting continuity and nonlinearity as distinctive theoretical claims.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Evolution; Natural Language Processing; Syntax; Case studies; Computational Modeling; Mathematical modeling; Neural Networks; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hr2d51f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abigail","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petrsoric","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut","department":""},{"first_name":"Hyosun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut","department":""},{"first_name":"Whitney","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tabor","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49474/galley/37436/download/"}]},{"pk":49346,"title":"Racial diversity and racial representation in U.S. children's books","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It is well accepted in developmental and cognitive science that children represent the structure of their environment. This skill is generally useful, one that allows children to acquire the language(s) to which they are exposed, learn social rules, or represent relevant categories. But could this skill also have pernicious effects? Indeed, contemporary theories argue that children's racial biases emerge from being exposed to racial inequalities in their environment. Therefore, understanding – and ultimately interrupting – the development of racial biases requires better understanding the sources in young children's environment that perpetuate racial inequalities so that they can be corrected. Here we focus on a common aspect of children's environment – children's books – and document two features of how racial groups are depicted in U.S. children's books: the racial diversity (frequency) and racial representation (themes) in U.S. children's picture books. Through a meta-analysis (Study 1) and an information-theory analysis of an existing book collection (Study 2), we show that characters from minoritized racial backgrounds are not only numerically underrepresented in U.S. children's books, but there are also meaningful differences in the themes that are more likely to be associated with different racial groups. We discuss the implications of these results for developing theories of bias development that are grounded on real-world structure and for designing effective bias reduction approaches in childhood.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories"}],"section":"Abstracts with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d41t1mg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Catarina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vales","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Krista","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Aronson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bates College","department":""},{"first_name":"Molly","middle_name":"I","last_name":"Niehaus","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fisher","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49346/galley/37307/download/"}]},{"pk":49157,"title":"Raising Eyebrows and Raising Pitch: How Non-Verbal Uncertainty Cues Influence Assessments of Probability Phrases","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this pre-registered study, we examined how non-verbal uncertainty cues, namely intonation and facial expressions, influence perceived speaker certainty and the interpretation of verbal probability phrases (e.g., \"almost never,\" \"probably,\" \"certain\"). Prior research on such phrases has focused on written cues, whereas communication often includes auditory and visual signals. Using a 2x2 within-subjects experimental design (N=100), we found that rising intonation and marked facial expressions independently reduced perceived speaker certainty. In most, but not all conditions, these cues led to greater variability in how participants assigned numerical values to verbal probability expressions (e.g., interpreting \"likely\" as anywhere from 10% to 85% likely). Notably, the combination of rising intonation and marked facial expressions produced the lowest perceived certainty, while there was no such additive effect on interpretation variability. These results highlight the importance of non-verbal cues in uncertainty communication, with implications for fields such as health, environmental, and technological risk communication.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14b6s94b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Imke","middle_name":"Nicole Augustina","last_name":"Spapens","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ruben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vromans","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ruud","middle_name":"","last_name":"Koolen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"","last_name":"Swerts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49157/galley/37118/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49157/galley/38663/download/"}]},{"pk":50444,"title":"Rapport Development in Human-AI Collaboration Tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rapport is a central component in fostering effective and meaningful interactions between humans and AI agents. It forms the foundation of trust, mutual understanding, and collaboration, all of which are essential for achieving shared goals in cooperative tasks. However, a significant factor influencing rapport development is the diversity of individual differences among human users. This diversity complicates the process of rapport building, as AI agents must adapt dynamically to the unique needs and intentions of individual users. The ability of AI systems to detect and respond to such differences remains a pressing research challenge, as mismatched responses can lead to frustration and disengagement.Theory of mind capabilities enable AI agents to infer user intentions, preferences, and emotional states, while advanced emotion-processing systems allow for nuanced and context-sensitive responses. This study examines how integrating these capabilities into an LLM and RAG enhanced AI Tutor can help sustain engagement and alignment, fostering rapport in Human-AI collaborative learning environments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Empathy; Intelligent agents; Theory of Mind; Tutoring"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f27r07s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"jacky","middle_name":"","last_name":"doll","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Mei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Si","name_suffix":"","institution":"RPI","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50444/galley/38406/download/"}]},{"pk":49947,"title":"Reading comprehension involves adding simple and composite discourse referents to a mental model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"<p>During reading, the mind continuously builds and updates a discourse model—a cumulative mental world representing the gleaned information. A key operator in this process is establishing novel discourse referents—entities in the model that can be picked out. For instance, 'She bought <em>wool</em>, <em>sponges</em> and <em>steel</em>' establishes three simple referents (italicized). By contrast, 'She bought <em>sponges of steel wool...</em>' establishes two simple referents forming a composite, itself referenceable (e.g., '...and glued <em>them</em> together.'). Here, in an online reading study, we target the cognitive basis of establishing simple and composite referents in the discourse model. Participants (n=43) read 72 five-sentence English stories sentence by sentence. The fourth, critical sentence featured: (i) three simple referents ('<em>wool</em>, <em>sponges</em> and <em>steel</em>'; simple<sub>3</sub>); (ii) two simple referents ('<em>steel wool</em> and <em>sponges</em>'; simple<sub>2</sub>), or (iii) two simple referents forming a composite referent ('<em>sponges of steel wool</em>'; composite). Crucially, across conditions, critical sentences had identical lengths and lexical items, while remaining sentences were fully identical. A true/false comprehension task followed each story. We hypothesized that additional referents would increase reading times (RTs) beyond syntactic, semantic, and lexical factors. Multiple regression analyses showed significant effects of adding simple (RT<sub>simple3 </sub> &gt; RT<sub>simple2</sub>) and composite (RT<sub>composite</sub> &gt; RT<sub>simple2</sub>) referents. The effects appeared only on critical (but not on subsequent) sentences, possibly reflecting the cognitive operators of establishing, rather than maintaining, novel referents. Our findings pave the way for future work investigating hypotheses of hierarchical structure-building in mental discourse models.</p>","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics"},{"word":"psychology"},{"word":"discourse"},{"word":"Language Comprehension"},{"word":"Reading"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70s5r9k6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Suhail","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL)","department":""},{"first_name":"Paloma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morcillo Ortega","name_suffix":"","institution":"Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language","department":""},{"first_name":"Manuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carreiras","name_suffix":"","institution":"Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49947/galley/37909/download/"}]},{"pk":49166,"title":"Reading instruction and individual differences in a computational model of Chinese character reading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Adopting effective reading instruction is vital for educators and novice readers. In modern Chinese, approximately 80% of the characters are phonetic-semantic compounds. Orthographic knowledge training is one of the efficient training methods among fluency, working memory, phonological, orthographic, and morphological training in literacy development. However, the comparative effectiveness of orthographic knowledge training within phonics-based versus meaning-based instruction has received limited attention. Such comparisons have been shown to be vital for understanding effective reading instruction and individual differences in English reading. By developing a series of triangle models of Chinese character reading, this study aimed to investigate the influence of instructional methods on individual differences in reading. Specifically, the models were trained with sound-focused, meaning-focused, or even (mixed) instructional schemes. We employed semantic reliance (SR), which measures the relative reliance on orthography-to-phonology and orthography-to-semantics pathways, to assess individual reading differences across various training conditions. The simulation results demonstrated that SR scores varied across instructional methods, with the highest scores observed in the meaning-focused condition, followed by the even condition, and then the sound-focused condition. Furthermore, across all instructional conditions, the orthography-to-phonology pathway played a greater role in the reading-aloud task. These simulation results align with findings from studies of English reading. While the models successfully captured a range of typical reading effects in Chinese reading-aloud tasks, the presence of radical consistency effects also depended on various instructional methods.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5w21p31d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ching-En","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kuo","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ya-Ning","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Miin Wu School of Computing, National Cheng Kung University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49166/galley/37127/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49166/galley/38672/download/"}]},{"pk":50373,"title":"Reading skill affects reading saccades well into late childhood","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Skilled readers show faster and longer saccades as they move efficiently through text. While studies of adolescents are quite sparse, teens are assumed to have adult-like behavior with rapid developmental trajectory of the oculomotor parameters (Blythe, 2014; Rayner, 1998; 2009). Age and reading skill effects on saccadic behavior were examined in young adults and adolescents reading naturalistic multi-line texts. Eye movements were recorded from 113 college students and 52 adolescents, who read publicly available English language PROVO corpus. Participants' reading expertise was measured by vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. Linear mixed-effects regression models revealed that age interacted with reading expertise in how fast readers move through text (forward, regressive and return sweep saccades velocity). Age and vocabulary affected only teens. Individual differences emerged in a more heterogeneous population that is earlier on the developmental trajectory. The study found tighter than previously assumed coupling between oculomotor saccadic parameters and reading expertise.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Development; Reading; Corpus studies; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99z3d0kg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anastasia","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Stoops","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Montag","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50373/galley/38335/download/"}]},{"pk":50229,"title":"Ready, Set, LEGO®: Examining the effects of construction on undergraduates' 3D spatial learning using virtual and physical models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One frequent task necessary to progress within STEM disciplines is understanding and reasoning about three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. Markedly, undergraduates find understanding and reasoning about 3D spatial content to be quite challenging. Today, educators use virtual, physical, or both kinds of models to better support their students' learning of abstract concepts. Prior research has provided insights into whether virtual or physical models provide better support when learning 3D STEM concepts (e.g., Casselman et al., 2021; Justo et al., 2022). However, the details of if and how physical versus virtual models support student learning of 3D spatial information devoid of domain-specific content is not well-understood. This study will examine the effects of virtual versus physical block construction on postsecondary students' 3D spatial learning and preliminary results will be presented. The findings from this study may have implications for facilitating 3D spatial learning and integrating digital tools in the classroom.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Learning; Spatial cognition"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xg7097w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexis","middle_name":"Leandra","last_name":"Fenger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Riverside","department":""},{"first_name":"Kinnari","middle_name":"","last_name":"Atit","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Riverside","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50229/galley/38191/download/"}]},{"pk":49958,"title":"Reasoning about similar causal structures among mechanical systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Across two experiments (N = 256), we test children's ability to recognize similar causal structures among mechanical systems. In Experiment 1, 4- to 7-year-olds were shown unique sets of three machine types (a causal chain, a common effect, and a common cause) and asked to judge which machines were most similar. We find that 6- to 7-year-olds, but not 4 to 5-year-olds, spontaneously match machines that share the same causal structure. However, all children relied primarily on timing cues when making similarity judgments. In Experiment 2, we control for timing cues, instead asking children to discriminate causal structure by observing an intervention on each machine. We find that, in the absence of perceptual cues, only 8- and 9-year-olds successfully matched machines based on structural similarity. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and consider ways to support recognition of common causal structure in the learning environment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Concepts and categories; Development; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zd5r96c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rett","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Micah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldwater","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Sydney","department":""},{"first_name":"Caren","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Walker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Diego","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49958/galley/37920/download/"}]},{"pk":49122,"title":"Reasoning Across Minds and Machines","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Reasoning is one of the hallmarks of both natural and artificial intelligence. Understanding how reasoning operates in the human mind is crucial in cognitive science. Despite a long history of research on human reasoning in cognitive science—ranging from heuristics (Tversky &amp; Kahneman, 1974) to mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1983), and from Bayesian modeling (Oaksford &amp; Chater, 2007; Griffiths, Chater, &amp; Tenenbaum, 2024) to neuroscience (Goel &amp; Dolan, 2003)—little is known about how humans reason so flexibly in real life and how reasoning contributes to high-level cognitive functions including planning, social interaction, complex problem-solving, and open-ended mental exploration. Previous studies face challenges that hinder a deeper understanding of reasoning, including the difficulty of designing well-balanced experimental paradigms that maintain both control and ecological validity, efficient data collection and analysis beyond pure behavioral measures (e.g., Think-Aloud text data (Simon &amp; Ericsson, 1984)), and understanding complex interactions between reasoning and other high-level cognitive functions, such as memory, theory of mind, and language.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Workshop","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5840n3s1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hanbo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Jian-Qiao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hua-Dong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49122/galley/37083/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49122/galley/38628/download/"}]},{"pk":49875,"title":"Reasoning within and between collective action problems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding cooperation in social systems is challenging because the ever-changing rules that govern societies interact with individual actions, resulting in intricate collective outcomes. In virtual-world experiments, we allowed people to make changes in the systems that they are making decisions within and investigated how they weigh the influence of different rules in decision-making. When choosing between worlds differing in more than one rule, a naïve heuristics model predicted participants' decisions as well, and in some cases better, than game earnings (utility) or by the subjective quality of single rules. In contrast, when a subset of engaged participants made instantaneous (\"within-world\") decisions, their behavior aligned very closely with objective utility and not with the heuristics model. Findings suggest that, whereas choices between rules may deviate from rational benchmarks, the frequency of real time cooperation decisions to provide feedback can be a reliable indicator of the objective utility of these rules.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Sociology; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x84c4z4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ofer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tchernichovski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hunter College","department":""},{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frey","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Dalton C","middle_name":"","last_name":"Conley","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49875/galley/37837/download/"}]},{"pk":50153,"title":"Recognizing Voices: Do Listeners Rely on Specific Exemplars or Summary Statistics?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Listeners recognize talker identity by storing exemplars or by forming abstract representations. However, it is unclear which strategy they use for nonnative-accented talkers, whose speech requires more cognitive effort to process. We examined whether native English listeners rely on abstraction or exemplars when learning to recognize Mandarin-accented and American-accented talkers. We trained listeners to identify voices that varied in glottal pulse rate and vocal tract length. They then made recognition judgments for two types of stimuli: ring-shaped tokens, at the perimeter of a talker's voice space and heard during training; center tokens, at the average of the trained distribution but not heard during training. Results showed higher accuracy for center tokens and crucially, this pattern emerged for both native and nonnative talkers, suggesting that talker recognition relies on abstraction-based encoding strategy regardless of listeners' prior experience with specific talker types.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Learning; Memory"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qs9g9x2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Qiyan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ye","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Xin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xie","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50153/galley/38115/download/"}]},{"pk":50095,"title":"Recommender Systems Issue Polarization in Social Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how personalized recommendation algorithms may inadvertently create echo-chambers, leading to the emergence of political issue polarization in online networks. Using an Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) approach, we conducted two studies, simulating users in three distinct algorithm designs. In Study 1, we found that personalized \nrecommendation algorithms had a small but significant effect on increasing polarization, even among rational Bayesians. In Study 2, we introduced users with novelty-seeking preferences. Contrary to previous literature, our findings suggested interventions targeting personalization bubbles are ineffective, as introducing novelty-seeking preferences had no significant effect on reducing polarization levels. Together, our findings highlight the importance of algorithmic influence in creating online polarization, offer implications for social media network design, and urge caution regarding existing interventions aimed at minimizing polarization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Complex systems; Agent-based Modeling; Bayesian modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fn621bf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sonja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Belkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Cambridge","department":""},{"first_name":"Jens","middle_name":"Koed","last_name":"Madsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50095/galley/38057/download/"}]},{"pk":50426,"title":"Reconceptualizing Autonoetic Consciousness","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Autonoetic consciousness (AuC), originally conceptualized as the phenomenological marker distinguishing episodic from semantic retrieval, faces significant empirical challenges. In particular, episodic retrieval was demonstrated orthogonal from phenomenal characters such as sense of ownership. It has thus been argued that AuC is not a valid construct and should be abolished. While we agree with the empirical failure of AuC's original conceptualization, we highlight that the phenomenon pertaining to the construct serves practical significance, particularly in terms of supporting one's sense of self extended through time. Considering empirical cases of dissociations between specific properties pertaining to AuC, including mental time travel, sense of ownership, and introspection, we offer a scientifically-valid reconceptualization of AuC as a specific type of reflective awareness in which explicit metacognition is leveraged to support the sense of personal identity. Under this reconceptualization, episodic retrieval appears as a contingent feature of autonoetic consciousness but not the other way around.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Consciousness; Memory"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k71t0xc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dezhi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Zhaoting","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang gongshang university","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50426/galley/38388/download/"}]},{"pk":50333,"title":"Reconceptualizing Knowledge: Evaluating the Ontological Complexity and Emergence of Knowledge in Cognitive Systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines knowledge as an emergent, adaptive system shaped by the interaction between internal cognitive processes and external factors. Contrary to traditional views of knowledge as a static repository, this framework emphasizes its evolution through self-organizing processes and conceptual reorganization. The research addresses the limitations of computational models in capturing the complexity of cognition, questioning whether they can adequately represent the depth and emergent qualities of cognitive processes. Additionally, it explores how computational approaches might reconcile with the embodied, experiential nature of knowledge. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, combining systems theory and cognitive modeling. It focuses on functional variances and state transitions within, how they adapt and organize themselves. The goal is to uncover the ontological complexity of cognition and provide a nuanced understanding of how knowledge emerges, adapts, and reorganizes within cognitive systems and environmental contexts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Cognitive architectures; Complex systems; Distributed cognition; Embodied Cognition; Perception; Predictive Processing; Representation; Bayesian modeling; Dynamic Systems Modeling; Knowled"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7617j44p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kiran","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pala","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Eastern Finland","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50333/galley/38295/download/"}]},{"pk":49409,"title":"Reconciling Different Theories of Learning With an Agent-based Model of Procedural Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Computational models of human learning can play a significant role in enhancing our knowledge about nuances in theoretical and qualitative learning theories and frameworks. There are many existing frameworks in educational settings that have shown to be verified using empirical studies, but at times we find these theories make conflicting claims or recommendations for instruction. In this study, we propose a new computational model of human learning, Procedural ABICAP, that reconciles the ICAP, Knowledge-Learning-Instruction (KLI), and cognitive load theory (CLT) frameworks for learning procedural knowledge. ICAP assumes that constructive learning generally yields better learning outcomes, while theories such as KLI and CLT claim that this is not always true. We suppose that one reason for this may be that ICAP is primarily used for conceptual learning and is underspecified as a framework for thinking about procedural learning. We show how our computational model, both by design and through simulations, can be used to reconcile different results in the literature. More generally, we position our computational model as an executable theory of learning that can be used to simulate various educational settings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Instruction and teaching; Learning; Agent-based Modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fn0v55m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rismanchian","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Shayan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Doroudi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49409/galley/37371/download/"}]},{"pk":49469,"title":"Reconstruction of Time-Varying Appeal Inputs that Induce Blink Rate Synchrony","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The time-varying appeal of an audiovisual stimulus cannot be directly observed because it is not only determined by the expression itself but also involves the viewer's information processing. In this study, we attempted to reconstruct a time-varying common input that is an appeal to induce blink rate synchrony, i.e., blink rate is suppressed at appealing scenes. In the experiment, 44 (22 male and 22 female) university students watched two videos promoting a local area in Japan while detecting blinks using an eye-tracking device. The results showed that the reconstruction ability was less dependent on the embedding parameters. The results showed that the peak of the reconstructed common inputs did not always correspond to the most impressive scene. In the future, it would be beneficial to apply this method to physiological index data according to the type of attractiveness.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Art and Cognition; Complex systems; Vision; Computational Modeling; Eye tracking; Gesture analysis; Quantitative Behavior; Social media analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j82w0t9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryota","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nomura","name_suffix":"","institution":"Waseda University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49469/galley/37431/download/"}]},{"pk":50357,"title":"Recovering belief structures using a language model on a naturalistic dataset of attitude change","subtitle":null,"abstract":"On the Reddit forum ChangeMyView, users post beliefs and invite others to challenge them. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a GPT-4-based analytical pipeline could accurately recover belief structures from a subset of posts on predefined topics, identified through covariation statistics from a lab sample. This approach would enable us, in a second stage, to extract novel insights from naturalistic data on belief structures that have not been directly elicited in lab studies, providing a bottom-up examination at scale. Our findings suggest that the pipeline captures meaningful belief patterns, aligning moderately with human responses in structured surveys. Analyzing 3082 posts from 346 users revealed distinct ideological clusters and belief patterns that mirrored well-established political divisions. This method offers a scalable way to study belief networks, shedding light on their role in shaping societal attitudes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Learning; Big data; Social media analysis"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01d3j3vr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Trisevgeni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papakonstantinou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Antonina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhiteneva","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""},{"first_name":"Ana","middle_name":"Yutong","last_name":"Ma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Derek","middle_name":"","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Arizona State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Zachary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Horne","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50357/galley/38319/download/"}]},{"pk":50194,"title":"Redefining External Memory in the AI Era","subtitle":null,"abstract":"External memory, traditionally conceptualized within the extended cognition framework (Clark &amp; Chalmers, 1998), has evolved from debates about its status versus internal memory (Michaelian, 2012) to more pragmatic views emphasizing its role in intention offloading and cognitive scaffolding (Heersmink, 2020; Gilbert et al., 2023). While traditional approaches require external memory to be intentionally recorded and subsequently accessible, the emergence of personalized AI tools fundamentally transforms this human-tool relationship. Drawing on Chalmers' (2025) propositional interpretability framework, we propose that as AI systems become increasingly personalized through access to personal data, the criterion for external memory shifts from human-initiated recording to agent-driven construction of user propositional attitudes. To empirically validate how this reconceptualization captures the emerging nature of external memory, we compiled a comprehensive multimodal dataset including 5-year continuous audio recordings and life-logging data, revealing AI systems' capacity to reconstruct personal propositional attitudes from previously unconsidered forms of external memory.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Externally-supported cognition; Human-computer interaction"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fj694z0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ruiyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feng","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","department":""},{"first_name":"Zhaoting","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50194/galley/38156/download/"}]},{"pk":49460,"title":"Reducing Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants – The Role of Prior Attitudes and Argument Style","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiments have been increasing in Western democratic countries, and it is important to understand how messaging can improve attitudes towards immigrants. Past studies show prior attitudes are associated with how individuals evaluate related arguments. The present study (N = 349) explores if people's prior attitudes influence how they evaluate the strength of arguments in the context of immigration. We also test whether the style of argument (i.e., narrative or statistical) influences argument evaluation. We measured participants' attitudes towards immigrants before and after an argument evaluation task, where participants rated the quality of a narrative and statistical argument.  Participants with high pre-existing negative attitudes towards immigrants rated pro-immigrant arguments poorly and anti-immigrant arguments strongly, and we see the opposite relationship for participants with pre-existing positive attitudes towards immigrants.  Our findings demonstrate that people can evaluate the same arguments about immigrants very differently depending on their pre-existing attitudes and that argument style can affect argument evaluation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Other; Reasoning; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qd635q6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sayeh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yousefi","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics and Political Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Calvin","middle_name":"Christopher James Lee","last_name":"Deans-Browne","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Carolin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Echterbeck","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Jens","middle_name":"Koed","last_name":"Madsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49460/galley/37422/download/"}]},{"pk":49465,"title":"Reducing Traumatic Memory Intrusions by Timing Their Re-Encoding: An Application of Computational Modeling to Mental Health","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Intrusive memories are disruptive to daily functioning and detrimental to well-being; unfortunately, the presence of these memories is a defining characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although increasingly understood as a memory disorder, current trauma management and recovery strategies for PTSD do not often take principal memory theories into account. Many common practices, such as delayed processing after trauma exposure and spaced therapy sessions, might inadvertently strengthen the retention of intrusive memories in the long-term. In this paper, model simulations show that altering the timing of different presentations of emotional stimuli might affect subsequent intrusions. Experimentally, we demonstrated through a two-day within-subject image presentation task that when emotional images are presented in spaced intervals (as opposed to consecutive, \"massed\" presentation), the perceived frequency of intrusions for the mass-presented emotional images during the 24 hours after first exposure were significantly lower than spaced images. Our study presents a novel strategy that can potentially mitigate the frequency of intrusive post-traumatic memories, highlighting the advantages of translational applications of computational cognitive models to mental health.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Memory; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hz0p5mq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Xinyue","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Eva","middle_name":"","last_name":"Swartz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pitzer College","department":""},{"first_name":"Frankie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reyna","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Lori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zoellner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Hedderik","middle_name":"","last_name":"van Rijn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stocco","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49465/galley/37427/download/"}]},{"pk":49431,"title":"Re-evaluating the Numerical-Perceptual Distinction in the Attraction Effect","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A widely studied cognitive bias in decision-making is the attraction effect, in which introducing a clearly inferior decoy option into a binary choice set increases the likelihood of selecting the dominating option (target) over the competitor. While this effect is robust with numerical stimuli, findings with perceptual stimuli have been inconsistent, with some recent studies even reporting a negative attraction effect. We argue that this distinction between numerical and perceptual stimuli is superficial, and that choice behavior is better explained by the inter-attribute relationships. In two experiments, we demonstrated positive attraction effects using combined perceptual-numerical stimuli and both positive and null effects with numerical stimuli by manipulating the asymmetry in pairwise comparison difficulty. The numerical stimuli used in Experiment 2 leveraged the findings from fraction research. Together, our results challenge the numerical-perceptual distinction and support a universal cognitive mechanism underlying the attraction effect.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t1772s5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tapas","middle_name":"Ranjan","last_name":"Rath","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Vijay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marupudi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49431/galley/37393/download/"}]},{"pk":49877,"title":"Reexamining Mass/Count Flexibility in the Nominal Domain: A Real-Time Comprehension Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Are the ‘portioning' readings (‘several beers') and ‘grinding' readings (‘a bit of pear') the result of lexical derivations with real-time processing effects? The evidence is inconclusive. While Frisson and Frazier (2005) argue that these readings are visible as cost, Lima (2019) reports no such effects. We address this inconsistency through two English self-paced reading experiments. Experiment I testing the ‘portioning' reading (‘several pears' vs. ‘several beers') reveals no additional processing effects. By contrast, Experiment II testing the ‘grinding' reading (‘a bit of beer' vs. ‘a bit of pear') reveals higher reading times for the ‘grinding' condition one word after the critical noun. These results provide empirical support for an asymmetrical relationship between individuated ‘count' and non-individuated ‘mass' readings. Whereby the former represent the default conceptual representation resulting in no cost, the latter result from a conceptual expansion to include a container-containee conceptualization, which is done in real-time, resulting in cost.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Semantics of language"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9v1347pv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alessandra","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Pintado-Urbanc","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Pi–ango","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49877/galley/37839/download/"}]},{"pk":49247,"title":"Re-examining the tradeoff between lexicon size and average morphosyntactic complexity in recursive numeral systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Denic and Szymanik (2024, henceforth D&amp;S) argued that recursive numeral systems optimize the tradeoff between lexicon size and average morphosyntactic complexity. In support of this claim, they showed that a broad range of attested numeral systems trade off these two quantities nearly as well as the best of a large set of artificial numeral systems. However, D&amp;S' artificial systems were in some respects not entirely comparable to natural ones. Here, we address this issue by creating a grammar framework that can represent both natural and artificial numeral systems, and we derive both natural and artificial numeral systems from this single framework, which ensures the comparability of the two sorts of systems. We test D&amp;S' original claim under these new conditions, and find support for it. We also explore the proposal that numeral systems might optimize the sum of lexicon size and average morphosyntactic complexity under a fixed weighting of the two terms, and the role of the prior distribution over numbers.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language and thought; Semantics of language; Computational Modeling; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k8646v4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Terry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Regier","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49247/galley/37208/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49247/galley/38753/download/"}]},{"pk":49794,"title":"Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality in Turkish Emotion Verbs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pronouns are unique in discourse, as their meaning depends almost entirely on context. Early theories provided simple accounts of how meaning is determined, but research has revealed complex influences across syntax, semantics, discourse, and pragmatics. Evaluating theories is challenging due to methodological inconsistencies and a focus on English, limiting generalizability. Here, we take a step towards a clear empirical foundation for theory, with a tightly controlled study of comprehension of overt and null pronouns in Turkish. We show that pronoun resolution in Turkish is influenced by verb type, word order, and referential form, though not always in ways predicted by existing theories. Our findings highlight the need for further cross-linguistic research to refine models of pronoun interpretation and better account for the interaction of syntactic and discourse factors.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Language Comprehension; Pragmatics; Semantics of language"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pb6b6gg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Duygu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ozge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Middle East Technical University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ebru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Evcen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Hartshorne","name_suffix":"","institution":"MGH Institute of Health Professions","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49794/galley/37756/download/"}]},{"pk":49496,"title":"Reinforcement learning produces efficient case-marking systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many languages mark either accusative case (for objects of transitives) or ergative case (for subjects of transitives), but some `split ergative' languages mix the two systems depending on the type of nominal. It has been noted that these languages tend towards marking the less frequent case for each nominal type. This raises the question of what mechanism could underlie the emergence of such an efficient system. We propose a model that can provide an explanation, based on a simple reinforcement learning framework and simple assumptions about asymmetries between the kinds of nominals (e.g., pronouns vs. full noun phrases) that appear in subject vs. object position.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Evolution; Learning; Syntax; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c03t5fp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sasha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boguraev","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"Katrin","middle_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Erk","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"Kyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mahowald","name_suffix":"","institution":"UT Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"James W","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shearer","name_suffix":"","institution":"JW Shearer Consulting","department":""},{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"Mark","last_name":"Wechsler","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49496/galley/37458/download/"}]},{"pk":49148,"title":"Relational Information Predicts Human Behavior and Neural Responses to Complex Social Scenes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding social scenes depends on tracking relational visual information, which is prioritized behaviorally and represented in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), a region involved in processing social scenes. Despite its importance, relational information has been underutilized in computational models of social vision. In this study, we evaluate two neural network models—SocialGNN and RNN Edge—that explicitly incorporate relational cues, and compare their performance to state-of-the-art (SOTA) AI vision models. SocialGNN utilizes a graph neural network to organize input information about each video frame into a graph structure with nodes representing faces and key objects, and edges encoding relational information such as gaze direction and physical contact. RNN Edge is an even simpler model that processes only relational information without node features or graph-based structures. These models were tested on behavioral and neural data from 3-second natural videos of two people engaged in everyday activities, as well as on the PHASE dataset, a collection of 2D animations depicting agent-object interactions inspired by Heider and Simmel. Across both datasets, SocialGNN and RNN Edge achieved strong performance in predicting human behavioral ratings of social interactions and were comparable to SOTA AI models in behavioral encoding tasks, despite being trained on significantly less data and with simpler architectures. Notably, the success of RNN Edge suggests that additional visual features and the graph-based framework of SocialGNN do not significantly enhance performance, underscoring the primacy of gaze and physical contact as essential relational cues. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating relational information into computational models to develop better models of social perception and human-aligned AI.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4680v4ws","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wenshuo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Manasi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Malik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Leyla","middle_name":"","last_name":"Isik","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49148/galley/37109/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49148/galley/38654/download/"}]},{"pk":49721,"title":"Relational reasoning as a learned bias: Evidence that generating explanations facilitates relational matching in adults","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Reasoning based on relations is essential for human learning and thinking. However, how this ability is acquired remains unclear. Two accounts offer different views: whereas one suggests that relational reasoning is related to cognitive development, the other views it as a learned bias. We conducted two experiments to investigate whether relational reasoning is a learned bias. Experiment 1 tested adults on the Relational Match-to-Sample task. The results revealed that a significant proportion of adults failed to engage in the expected relational reasoning; instead, they relied on the object similarity. Scores on Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM-12) suggest that the preference for similarity is not tied to general cognitive ability. Experiment 2 tested whether similarity-based reasoners can learn relational bias when prompted to generate explanations. The results showed that participants who primarily generated relational explanations successfully learned relational bias. Taken together, this study suggests that relational reasoning is a learned bias.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Reasoning; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zn7r9rk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jiyue","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Macau","department":""},{"first_name":"Qingtong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Macau","department":""},{"first_name":"Ming","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Macau","department":""},{"first_name":"Sophia","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Deng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49721/galley/37683/download/"}]},{"pk":49373,"title":"Relations between number-knowledge and causal reasoning about number in young children: A preliminary investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Three experiments investigated preschoolers' ability to infer that numbers can be causally efficacious. Preschoolers observed that one of two quantities of objects activated a machine (i.e., a container holding 2 blocks activated a machine while a container holding 3 did not). Children were asked to determine whether novel containers with either 2 or 3 objects would activate the machine, and then construct their own container of objects that would do so. Four-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, were above chance at both tasks given a contrast between the numbers ‘2' and ‘3' (Study 1), but not as good when the contrast was between the numbers ‘4' and ‘6' (Study 2) The effect of age on understanding ‘2' was mediated when children's numerical knowledge was considered (Study 3). These results are interpreted in terms of children's causal reasoning and hypothesis-formation abilities, but also their developing knowledge of numbers.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6579v28m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Sobel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49373/galley/37335/download/"}]},{"pk":50274,"title":"Relations between toddlers' core metacognition and parents' metacognitive talk: an eye-tracking paradigm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent research has challenged the belief that metacognition develops only in school age, providing evidence of basic metacognitive skills as early as 12 months (Goupil &amp; Kouider, 2016). This emerging metacognition, however, raises the question of the variables that can influence its development, the involvement of very specific parent-child interactions being postulated (Gardier et al., 2024). Using a novel eye-tracking paradigm, we assessed metacognition in 55 18-month-old children through a forced-choice recognition task where eyes movements towards a cue were used as an indicator of metacognitive uncertainty while assessing the metacognitive richness of the parent's talk during a parent-child play session. In addition to providing further evidence of early metacognitive abilities, our results indicated that parents' utterances encouraging children to monitor their mental operations were positively associated with toddlers' metacognitive accuracy (OR=1.3). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of parent-child interactions on early metacognitive development.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Cognitive development; Interactive behavior; Memory; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9336h04j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marion","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gardier","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Li�ge","department":""},{"first_name":"Marie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Geurten","name_suffix":"","institution":"UniversitŽ de Li�ge","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50274/galley/38236/download/"}]},{"pk":50047,"title":"Relationship between comprehension and blink synchronization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Blink synchronization may reflect a person's internal states. An interested listener unconsciously synchronizes their blinks to a speaker; however, it is unclear if this is related to their comprehension of what is being said. This study examined the association of blink synchronization of a listener to a speaker based on the listener's interest, comprehension, and empathy. Participants viewed a video clip explaining a research topic as a simulation of actual communication that requires comprehension, and their blinking patterns were measured using web cameras. Aspects of the internal states were assessed using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that participants with high comprehension synchronized their blinks to the speaker with a delay of a few hundred milliseconds. Additionally, levels of comprehension were significantly correlated with blink synchronization among the listeners. Therefore, blink synchronization may reflect comprehension levels in situations that require comprehension. Communication can be improved by utilizing these insights.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Emotion; Empathy; Human-computer interaction; Eye tracking; Statistics"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5448m8xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Koki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saito","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIPROGY Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Makoto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Enomoto","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIPROGY Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Haruhito","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zenio","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIPROGY Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Takayuki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hoshino","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIPROGY Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Eiji","middle_name":"","last_name":"Takahashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"BIPROGY Inc.","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50047/galley/38009/download/"}]},{"pk":49978,"title":"Repetitive Negative Thinking Naturally Emerges in a Model that Learns to Gate Affective Content into Working Memory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why do we sometimes fall into repetitive negative thinking (RNT) patterns, such as rumination and worry? To address this question, I trained a meta-control model (Todd et al., 2008) on affective working memory (WM) content by providing a reward signal when items (representing thoughts) were gated into WM. The model still facilitated adaptive motor action, as in the original implementation, yet it also exhibited the defining characteristics of RNT. Specifically, its thought became repetitive (because it learned to selectively gate items into working memory); negative (because it persisted in, and only slowly extinguished, gating into WM negatively valenced  on-theme and distractor items, respectively); and difficult to control (because, after extensive learning, it had a high chance of selecting the most probable WM gating strategy, irrespective of the value of an exploration parameter). Germane to clinically relevant RNT, such as pathological rumination and worry, the model's thinking was more unproductive when the valence of one thought sequence strongly biased the next one. This work helps to establish meta-control as a formal algorithmic framework for RNT. It may catalyze clinical research on RNT by providing a bridge to computational findings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Emotion Disorder; Learning; Memory"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rw186z9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hitchcock","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49978/galley/37940/download/"}]},{"pk":49761,"title":"Replication of Prefrontal Asymmetry in Approach-Avoidance Motivation in fMRI","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A large body of research suggests that approach-related emotional states are lateralized to the left prefrontal cortex (Harmon-Jones et &amp; Gable, 2018). However, because affective motivation and valence have often been entangled in experimental designs, it is unclear which construct drives this laterality. In one fMRI study designed to dissociate motivation and valence, Berkman and Lieberman (2010) found that approach motivation was more left-lateralized than avoidance motivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), controlling for valence.  Our study did not replicate this key finding from Berkman and Lieberman (2010).  Furthermore, whereas Berkman and Lieberman (2010) found that individuals' trait approach motivation predicted the laterality of approach-related DLPFC activity, we found that trait approach motivation predicted the laterality of positive valence, controlling for motivation.  Overall, our results do not provide any clear support for the 'textbook' model of affective motivation in the frontal lobes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Emotion; fMRI"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62n3j3jn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Karpel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Owen","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Morgan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Amritpal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"De Fu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yap","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Geoffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brookshire","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kira","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pawletko","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Casasanto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49761/galley/37723/download/"}]},{"pk":49740,"title":"Representational similarity analysis between ADHD and SCZ based on functional brain network","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) have complex neural mechanisms. This study used fMRI data from resting state and 2-back working memory tasks to analyze the abnormal brain network characteristics of the two. The results showed that ADHD patients had dispersed functional connections under task conditions, and increased node degrees in the prefrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, and cerebellum, indicating compensatory network reorganization. SCZ patients showed abnormal connections between the default mode network and the limbic cortex, and weakened coupling between the parietal lobe and the attention network, reflecting cognitive integration and emotion regulation defects. Through representational similarity analysis (RSA), it was found that the two diseases had shared abnormal connections in the prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and hippocampus, which may be related to working memory regulation disorders. These findings provide potential biomarkers for targeted intervention.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Biology; Cognitive Neuroscience; Development; Memory; fMRI"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78z623r1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Binsong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","department":""},{"first_name":"Yu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chong University of Posts and Telecommunications","department":""},{"first_name":"Yin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49740/galley/37702/download/"}]},{"pk":49309,"title":"Representations of what's possible reflect others' epistemic states","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People's judgments about what an agent can do are shaped by various constraints, including probability, morality, and normality. However, little is known about how these representations of possible actions—what we call modal space representations—are influenced by an agent's knowledge of their environment. Across two studies, we investigated whether epistemic constraints systematically shift modal space representations and whether these shifts affect high-level force judgments. Study 1 replicated prior findings that the first actions that come to mind are perceived as the most probable, moral, and normal, and demonstrated that these constraints apply regardless of an agent's epistemic state. Study 2 showed that limiting an agent's knowledge changes which actions people perceive to be available for the agent, which in turn affects whether people judged an agent as being \"forced\" to take a particular action. These findings highlight the role of Theory of Mind in modal cognition, revealing how epistemic constraints shape perceptions of possibilities.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Reasoning; Theory of Mind"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98k7389z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirfel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mandelkern","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dartmouth College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49309/galley/37270/download/"}]},{"pk":50113,"title":"Research on Fundamental Issues of Intelligence Cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Intelligence cognition, as a pivotal element in intelligence activities, encompasses a series of psychological processes, cognitive operations, and behavioral manifestations involved in the acquisition, processing, analysis, and utilization of intelligence throughout the entire process. This study reviews the current status of intelligence cognition research, explores the theoretical foundations of intelligence cognition， elucidates the cognitive components embedded in the intelligence research workflow, and identifies key issues that need to be addressed in the future field of intelligence cognition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Humanities; Cognitive architectures; Decision making; Logic; Qualitative Analysis"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dx5632f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Xiaosong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Information Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Yazhou","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Information Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Shanhong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Information Research","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50113/galley/38075/download/"}]},{"pk":49586,"title":"Research on Urban Data Visualization Based on Big Data: Transforming Insights into Action","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a big data urban visualization platform for Guangdong Province, aimed at enhancing the efficiency and intelligence of urban planning. The platform utilizes Python to collect city-specific data, with data storage implemented using a MySQL database, complemented by NoSQL technologies to support the integration of unstructured data. The Flask backend employs deep learning and data mining algorithms to identify complex relationships among urban data, and we have also integrated graph neural network methods to capture spatial dependencies across different geographic regions within the city. Meanwhile, the ECharts frontend generates dynamic charts to present diverse information. Through a front-end and back-end separation architecture, the system ensures real-time updates, enhancing user experience. This research further emphasizes the need to explore challenges in real-time data integration, expanding data sources, optimizing user interactions, and protecting data privacy, providing important directions for future AI-driven urban planning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Artificial Life; Big data"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6427q7dt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jibo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Science and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Zhijing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Artificial Intelligence","department":""},{"first_name":"Yiping","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jiang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Science and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Qiuying","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Science and Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49586/galley/37548/download/"}]},{"pk":49370,"title":"Resolving the Ambiguity of \"In\" and \"On\" Across Spatial and Abstract Contexts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The prepositions \"in\" and \"on\" are used in a wide variety of concrete, spatial contexts as well as abstract, non-spatial contexts. Previous research suggests that the meanings of these prepositions when used in abstract, non-spatial contexts might be grounded in the meanings these same prepositions have when they are used in concrete, spatial contexts; however, few studies have attempted to empirically test for evidence of these connections directly. The current study attempted to conceptually replicate Feist and Breaux (2013): No evidence of priming was observed. It could be that our prime stimuli did not adequately activate the meanings of \"in\" and \"on\" or that our participants' linguistic habits obscured any impact of the prime stimuli. Further research is needed to truly understand the role that grounded connections might play in the lexical semantics of words that are used in both abstract and spatial contexts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language understanding; Semantics of language"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nc1b62s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brooke","middle_name":"O.","last_name":"Breaux","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","department":""},{"first_name":"Ava","middle_name":"","last_name":"Allam","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Tranace Alexander","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","department":""},{"first_name":"Ashton","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ortego","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49370/galley/37332/download/"}]},{"pk":49234,"title":"Resource-rational belief revision can mitigate as well as amplify polarization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People's beliefs sometimes diverge after observing the same information, which has been interpreted as evidence of irrationality. This behaviour has been proposed to result from people's limited cognitive resources and motivated reasoning, but how belief revision differs across these explanations has not been formalized or compared to a rational norm. Further, while people may be biased relative to a normative ideal, they may still make optimal choices given their limited cognitive resources, or rationally balance the utility of holding accurate beliefs with the belief's intrinsic utility. Across two studies, we develop and test a unified computational account of belief polarization under these proposed mechanisms, showing that people's performance on a belief updating task best fits a limited-resource Bayesian model; external motivations may contribute to divergence (or convergence) by determining what pre-existing information people consider relevant to a situation, rather than by changing how people evaluate new information in isolation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Learning; Reasoning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xc153mb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rebekah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gelpi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Pablo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leon Villagra","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cunningham","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"Guy","last_name":"Lucas","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Daphna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchsbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49234/galley/37195/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49234/galley/38740/download/"}]},{"pk":50477,"title":"Resting-state EEG and Reading Skills in German-speaking Children","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Resting-state neural oscillations have been linked with attention and language processing, yet their specific role in reading skills remains unclear. We studied the associations between resting-state EEG and reading skills among 83 German-speaking first to third graders. Our analyses focused on power spectrum density across four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta) and cluster-based connectivity, in children with varying reading abilities, controlling for age. Spectral analysis showed no significant associations between reading skills and frequency bands. Functional connectivity analysis revealed a negative association with delta-band activity in the central-parietal and with theta-, beta- and delta-band activity in the central-occipital network. Pseudoword reading and reading comprehension were negatively associated with theta-band activity in the left central-occipital and delta-band activity in the right central-occipital network, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the complex relationship between neural oscillations and early reading and suggest resting-state functional connectivity as a neural marker of reading skills.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Cognitive development; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00v6k96h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Siyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhao","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah V","middle_name":"","last_name":"Di Pietro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Seline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Coraj","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lutz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Silvia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brem","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Urs","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maurer","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50477/galley/38439/download/"}]},{"pk":50227,"title":"Rethinking Rumination: A Decision-Theoretic Approach Without Negativity Bias","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior work by Bedder et al. (2023, 2024) modeled rumination as a negativity-biased decision process under uncertainty in a POMDP framework, where excessive sampling results from pessimistic priors and uncertainty about negative experiences. While these models provide valuable insight, they assume that excessive information-seeking is driven primarily by negative affect. We explore an alternative hypothesis: excessive information-seeking may result from optimal inference due to uncertainty and planning depth, independent of negativity bias. Using a POMDP solver with recursive value iteration, we find horizon length and uncertainty influence the persistence of sampling actions without a negative reward bias. This shifts rumination from an affect-driven process to a more generalized preoccupation mechanism consistent with the ICD-11's transdiagnostic conceptualization of preoccupation (Eberle &amp; Maercker, 2022). Unlike prior models with fixed stopping thresholds, our approach may allow preoccupation to emerge dynamically from decision parameters without explicit negativity bias.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Mood; Problem Solving; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36k4b6x9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Payton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vitello","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"Larry","last_name":"Austerweil","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50227/galley/38189/download/"}]},{"pk":49866,"title":"Retrieval of Hierarchically-Organized Concepts in a Recurrent Memory System","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Exemplar models have been criticized for lacking mechanisms to explain key conceptual phenomena such as the hierarchical organization of concepts. Here, we offer a potential solution. We show that a broad class of exemplar models can be viewed as a special case of global matching models of memory, and that global matching models are themselves discrete-time approximations of Dense Associative Memories (DAMs), a type of recurrent network. Interpreted this way, exemplar models retrieve hierarchical prototypes by modulating competition during retrieval. We demonstrate this ability using artificial data and pretrained GLoVe and Word2Vec embeddings. Our results suggest that exemplar models remain viable candidates for a broader theory of concepts and provide a natural algorithmic account of attractor-like retrieval in the hippocampus, highlighting their relevance in learning theory and cognitive neuroscience.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Memory; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d6123h4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ralston","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Vladimir","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sloutsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49866/galley/37828/download/"}]},{"pk":50011,"title":"Reverse-Engineering an Intuitive Psychology of Power","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans readily make inferences of the social power dynamics at play across a wide range of environments. This ability requires people to possess an underlying intuitive theory of power. We tested 3 candidate formal models as hypotheses of how people judge which of two players has more power across 30 different economic games: Relative Expected Utility (the difference in expected resources), Relative Control over Resources (difference in control over the other player's resources) and Relative Choice (the difference in the amount of options each player can choose from). Our results across 3 human experiments reveal that human power judgments are best captured by combining Relative Expected Utility and Relative Choice models as joint predictors. This finding suggests that people perceive social power by considering not only who is expected to achieve their desired outcomes but also the extent of control each person holds within their environment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vk0k3zv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Junior","middle_name":"Chinomso","last_name":"Okoroafor","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saxe","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleiman-Weiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50011/galley/37973/download/"}]},{"pk":50313,"title":"Reverse Law of Effect in Sequential Parlay Gambling","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study reports a counterintuitive reversal of Thorndike's Law of Effect in human sequential decision-making. Participants in a parlay gambling task chose between banking their current wager or betting it on a risky gamble, where winning would increase the next wager while losing or banking would reset it. We observed improving payoffs across runs, indicating learning. However, contradictory to the Law of Effect, participants were more likely to choose betting after losses rather than wins. We further developed computational models incorporating prospect theory and reinforcement learning. Consistent with our model-free analyses, models incorporating reverse updating of subjective probabilities (negative learning rate) not only significantly outperformed traditional learning models in fitting human data, but also led to higher payoff than models with positive learning rate. These findings highlights the complexity and adaptability of human learning, despite not fitting within the framework of the Law of Effect.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Learning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z9392cx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yankun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University Sixth Hospital","department":""},{"first_name":"Xu-Yang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yunai","middle_name":"","last_name":"Su","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University Sixth Hospital","department":""},{"first_name":"TianMei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Si","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University Sixth Hospital","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50313/galley/38275/download/"}]},{"pk":49541,"title":"Rhesus monkeys show no preference for a left-to-right number-space mapping","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans who use a left-to-right writing system often associate smaller numbers with the left side of space and larger numbers with the right. Whether this left-to-right number-space mapping is innate or culturally learned is unclear. Here, we test whether monkeys who lack human cultural practices show a left-to-right number-space mapping. Previous work in monkeys has found mixed evidence on whether monkeys show a left-to-right bias in their number-space mappings. Replicating the methods of Drucker and Brannon (2014), monkeys were trained to touch the fourth circle from the bottom in a vertical array of five circles. Then, they were tested with a horizontal array of five circles. Overall, monkeys showed no preference for the fourth circle from the left compared to the fourth from the right. This suggests monkeys may not have a directionality bias for number-space mappings. Therefore, the left-to-right bias in humans may be due to specific cultural practices.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Development; Evolution; Spatial cognition; Comparative Studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cm2j0gd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alessandra","middle_name":"Acadia","last_name":"Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pitt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","department":""},{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ferrigno","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49541/galley/37503/download/"}]},{"pk":49906,"title":"Role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity in driving Maladaptive Music Use","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a trait marked by heightened reactivity to stimuli, is linked to emotional dysregulation and stress-related problems. Its subscales include Ease of Excitation that reflects emotional sensitivity to internal and external demands, Low Sensory Threshold reflects sensory overload susceptibility, and Aesthetic Sensitivity denotes appreciation for subtleties.  While music can sometimes amplify maladaptive outcomes (rumination, avoidance), SPS's role in such behaviours, especially in non-Western contexts, remains underexplored.  This study examines how SPS drives maladaptive music listening in 673 Indian adults. Network analysis and structural equation modelling revealed sensitivity to external demands elevated psychological distress which in turn predicted maladaptive music use. Reactivity to internal demands may reduce maladaptive music use but exacerbated it when mediated by external demands, reflecting preference for avoidant coping in Indian context. Findings emphasize SPS's role in maladaptive behaviours, demonstrating how sensory reactivity interacts with traits to shape distress-driven music use as an emotional regulation mechanism.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Music; Sensory Processing; Statistics; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c29533r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Azhagammal","middle_name":"","last_name":"SC","name_suffix":"","institution":"International Institute of Information Technology - Hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Lalit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mohan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Internaltional Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Vinoo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alluri","name_suffix":"","institution":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49906/galley/37868/download/"}]},{"pk":50331,"title":"Roundedness and symmetry in the perception of similarity to the circle or roundness","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Research shows that shape perception is sensitive to both roundedness or angularity (e.g., Bar&amp;Neta, 2006) and symmetry (e.g., Dehaene et al., 2006), and that these features also affect the perception of similarity (Tversky, 1977). Roundness is the measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a circle. In an online quasi-experiment (n=74), we tested combination pairs of 19 geometric figures (created according to symmetry properties and roundedness) to answer the question whether the symmetry would contribute more than the roundedness of the figure corners to the roundness perception. Participants did a forced choice task on figure pairs presented in a random order. The results show that for regular polygons, roundedness determines the similarity assessment even when the symmetry is up to three orders higher. For pairs containing regular figures, choices were made faster compared to pairs with asymmetrical and non-regular figures.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Aesthetics; Concepts and categories; Perception; Representation; Spatial cognition"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p12k2m3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Liga","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zarina","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Of Latvia","department":""},{"first_name":"Jurgis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Skilters","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Latvia","department":""},{"first_name":"Martins Kristaps","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mickus","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Latvia","department":""},{"first_name":"Edvards","middle_name":"Henrihs","last_name":"Gaugers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Latvia","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50331/galley/38293/download/"}]},{"pk":49595,"title":"RPW-EEG:An Unified Framework for Robust and Practical Watermark of EEG","subtitle":null,"abstract":"With the growth of the metaverse and XR technologies, BCIs are expanding from medical applications to various consumer industries. However, this broader adoption has raised concerns about the privacy and security of EEG data. To address this challenge, we propose the RPW-EEG framework, which embeds copyright information as perturbations to enhance the security and traceability of data, while ensuring the robustness and usability of the data. The framework adopts an encoder-decoder architecture for end-to-end training, incorporating a noise layer to enhance the stability and anti-attack capabilities of the watermark data. Additionally, to prevent the loss of task-related features in EEG data, we introduce a plug-and-play fine-tuning module that restores these features within the watermark-embedded signals. Experimental results show that RPW-EEG outperforms baseline models in watermark quality, with extraction accuracy exceeding 61% under various attacks, and achieves 88.5% classification accuracy for task paradigms, effectively balancing copyright protection and EEG data usability.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Human-computer interaction; Machine learning; Electroencephalography (EEG); Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96h9c291","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tianyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hangjie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jingsheng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""},{"first_name":"Xuanyu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""},{"first_name":"Honggang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""},{"first_name":"Wanzeng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49595/galley/37557/download/"}]},{"pk":49681,"title":"Same, but Different: Sequential and Simultaneous Fraction Comparison Tasks Elicit Different Distance and Congruency Effects","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How humans process fractions is a topic of debate in numerical cognition research. While some studies suggest that humans process the holistic magnitude of fractions, others suggest we process only the fraction components (numerators and denominators). Two cognitive effects present in fraction processing data have shaped this debate: the distance effect (better performance with fractions separated by a far numerical distance) and the congruency effect (better performance when individual numbers are larger in the larger fraction). In a study with 160 young adults, we compared distance and congruency effects across two task formats of fraction comparisons, using simultaneous and sequential presentation of stimuli. Results revealed that the distance effect and the congruency effect were stronger in the simultaneous task than in the sequential task. These findings suggest that participants used both holistic and componential strategies when comparing fractions and highlight that task formats should not be used interchangeably.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Other; Perception; Representation; Computer-based experiment; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b0406ps","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Isabella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Starling Alves","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University","department":""},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilkey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Vanderbilt University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49681/galley/37643/download/"}]},{"pk":50320,"title":"Same memory, different words: The Role of Language, Proficiency and Cognitive Load in Traumatic Autobiographical Memory Recall","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Literature indicates that lingua franca use in clinical settings impacts bilinguals communicating in their second language (L2)—but what drives these changes? This study examined how language, proficiency, and cognitive load influence emotionality during traumatic autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval. Building on evidence that L2 use diminishes emotional resonance, we hypothesized that proficiency would moderate this effect. Additionally, we expected lower emotionality in first-language (L1) recall under cognitively demanding conditions, mirroring second-language effects. Greek native speakers (N=107) recalled a traumatic AM in L1, L2 (English), or L1 under cognitive load (visuospatial working memory task) while undergoing physiological EDA assessment. Self-reported arousal, distress, and traumatic symptoms were measured. Notably, L2 alone did not lower emotional intensity—only lower L2 proficiency did, highlighting its key moderating role. Cognitive load during L1 retrieval significantly decreased emotionality, supporting resource-dependent emotional processing models. These findings reveal proficiency and cognitive demands' interplay in shaping bilingual emotional processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Behavioral Science; Emotion; Language and thought; Memory; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qg3k9mz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eleni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papadopoulou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Deree, American College of Greece","department":""},{"first_name":"Eirini","middle_name":"","last_name":"Balta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences","department":""},{"first_name":"Argiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vatakis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences","department":""},{"first_name":"Eleni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Orfanidou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Deree, The American College of Greece","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50320/galley/38282/download/"}]},{"pk":49563,"title":"SAMM: A Selective Attention Sequential Model for EEG-EOG Vigilance Estimation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Driver vigilance estimation plays a critical role in preventing fatigue-related traffic incidents. Current multimodal methods leveraging EEG and EOG signals often suffer from high computational costs due to the reliance on self-attention mechanisms like Transformers. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework, Selective Attention Sequential Model (SAMM), which integrates a dynamic channel attention mechanism and the Mamba sequence modeling approach. By replacing traditional Transformer modules with Mamba's selective state spaces, our model achieves linear-time complexity while effectively capturing both local and global features.The SAMM framework fuses EEG and EOG signals using early fusion and employs a deep channel attention mechanism to enhance localized feature extraction. Mamba further complements this by efficiently modeling global dependencies in multimodal data, thus reducing computational costs while maintaining high accuracy. Extensive experiments on public datasets, SEED-VIG and SADT, demonstrate that SAMM achieves state-of-the-art performance with a significant reduction in inference time.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Pattern recognition; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66j193sd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zichen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Song","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuxi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tong","name_suffix":"","institution":"central university of financial and economics","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuxin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"LANZHOU UNIVERSITY","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49563/galley/37525/download/"}]},{"pk":50236,"title":"Scaffolding the Understanding of Scientific Analogies","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Analogy is a mainstay in STEM education. It benefits learning by highlighting important commonalities between concepts and promoting transfer of knowledge. However, students often fail to process analogies deeply, and thus miss the potential benefits. This research aims to equip students with a domain-general strategy for understanding analogies. We created an Analogy Template that guides students through an explicit analysis of the relational matches and object correspondences.  To test its effects, we gave undergraduates a series of science analogies. The Training group used the template to analyze the analogies. The Control group explained the same analogies without the template. Then both groups were asked to explain four novel science analogies. Raters blind to condition judged the explanations. Students who successfully completed the template training showed better understanding of the analogies than those in the control group. These results provide initial evidence that analogical training can contribute to science understanding.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Analogy; Learning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7696s9v7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yinyuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""},{"first_name":"Dedre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gentner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matlen","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Worcester State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Florencia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Anggoro","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of the Holy Cross","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50236/galley/38198/download/"}]},{"pk":49755,"title":"Scaffolding to Support Analogical Comparisons with Science Images","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines scaffolding techniques to support students' analogical comparisons with science images. Analogical comparison involves identifying deep relational structure over superficial similarities, which can be challenging without guidance. Across experiments, participants compared analogous evolutionary science images with or without various scaffolds: describing the relation, completing a mapping table, and spatial support for alignment. Results demonstrated that describing the relation and completing a mapping table, especially in combination, significantly enhanced scientific interpretations of the images. However, spatial support was ineffective. The findings highlight practical strategies for improving conceptual learning from science visuals.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Analogy; Instruction and teaching; Learning; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2th5q268","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Worcester State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Florencia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Anggoro","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of the Holy Cross","department":""},{"first_name":"Andja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kola","name_suffix":"","institution":"Worcester State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matlen","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Dedre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gentner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49755/galley/37717/download/"}]},{"pk":50407,"title":"Scaling Interleaved Practice: Preliminary Evidence and Lessons Learned from a Systematic Replication","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We report on an in-progress replication study to test the efficacy of interleaving in U .S. middle-schools. Interleaving combines two learning strategies, discrimination learning and spaced practice, by mixing different problems within an assignment and spacing similar problems across assignments. While the benefits of interleaving are well-documented in controlled experiments, only recently have there been attempts to widely scale this principle to education contexts. The study design is a randomized controlled trial with a sample of 13 classes, 239 students, and 6 schools. Preliminary results show effects in the predicted direction, students who received interleaved practice performed higher than those who received blocked practice (g=.11), but the difference is not significant. While our sample lacks the statistical power to detect effects, we are in the process of collecting data from two additional cohorts. This study contributes to how learning research can be translated to advance learning in authentic contexts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Learning; Problem Solving; Classroom studies"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jr9r522","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bartel","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Abby","middle_name":"Sims","last_name":"Lavine","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Drew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Barrett","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Katie","middle_name":"","last_name":"D'Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Jodi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Davenport","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""},{"first_name":"Bryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matlen","name_suffix":"","institution":"WestEd","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50407/galley/38369/download/"}]},{"pk":49322,"title":"Scaling up the think-aloud method","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The think-aloud method, where participants voice their thoughts as they solve a task, is a valuable source of rich data about human reasoning processes. Yet, it has declined in popularity in contemporary cognitive science, largely because labor-intensive transcription and annotation preclude large sample sizes. Here, we develop methods to automate the transcription and annotation of verbal reports of reasoning using natural language processing tools, allowing for large-scale analysis of think-aloud data. In our study, 640 participants thought aloud while playing the Game of 24, a mathematical reasoning task. We automatically transcribed the recordings and coded the transcripts as search graphs, finding moderate inter-rater reliability with humans. We analyze these graphs and characterize consistency and variation in human reasoning traces. Our work demonstrates the value of think-aloud data at scale and serves as a proof of concept for the automated analysis of verbal reports.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Natural Language Processing; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Computational Modeling; Verbal protocol studies"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jc6r7h5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wurgaft","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Prystawski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kanishk","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gandhi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Cedegao","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goodman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49322/galley/37283/download/"}]},{"pk":50143,"title":"Schema-Induced Emotional Arousal Enhances Task Performance:  A Pupillometric Investigation of Top-Down Cognitive Influence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In some cases, cognitive function can change owing to external factors without physiological effects. This is considered to be influenced by emotional arousal caused by schema activity. This study analyzed the relationships between emotional arousal and task performance to determine whether schema can lead to emotional arousal and enhance task performance. Emotional arousal was assessed based on pupil dilation using eye tracking, and task performance was measured based on reaction times to the stimuli. No main effect of condition on reaction time was observed. However, the experimental results showed that the larger the pupil dilation, the shorter the reaction time, but only when schema activation stimuli were present. These findings suggest that schema-induced emotional arousal may improve performance without the intake of substances with physiological effects. This may also offer insight into mechanisms underlying the placebo effect, though further investigation is required.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Emotion Perception; Semantic memory; Eye tracking; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wr73565","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Watanabe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Graduate School of Human Science","department":""},{"first_name":"Shigen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shimojo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization","department":""},{"first_name":"Yugo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hayashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50143/galley/38105/download/"}]},{"pk":49698,"title":"Scientists &amp; Women Scientists: Exploring Gender Biases in Institutional Category Systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"For many categories of people, men are perceived as the more default or typical members whereas women are perceived as more atypical. This bias can lead to an asymmetry in the existence and frequency of categories marked by gendered language. Here we explore the extent to which this asymmetry exists in two institutional category systems: the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and English Wikipedia. We find that the LCSH exhibits more bias towards women than Wikipedia, and that in the LCSH this bias has not changed in the last 30 years, whereas Wikipedia shows a noticeable increase in gender balanced categories during the early 2010s. These findings suggest that more can be done to reduce gender bias in the LCSH and demonstrate how principles of typicality and categorization play out in real-world settings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g715653","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Katie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Warburton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kemp","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Lea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frermann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49698/galley/37660/download/"}]},{"pk":50420,"title":"Scope Ambiguity Resolution of Negated Connectives in English Corpora","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prominent U.S. legal cases have turned on the resolution of linguistic ambiguities that arise from interactions between negation and coordination. Negative disjunction sentences (ND, \"John didn't buy cake or cookies\") are ambiguous between two readings: a neither-nor reading and a not-both reading. Negative conjunction (NC, \"John didn't buy cake and cookies\") is similarly ambiguous. Experimental findings on such scope ambiguities (Jasbi et al. 2023, Tobia et al. 2023) suggest that in general, listeners favor the neither-nor reading for ND but are less biased in their interpretations of NC. We present a corpus analysis with researcher annotations of several hundred tokens of these constructions in English treebank data. Initial results are consistent with previous conclusions based on controlled experimental data, suggesting that an attested tendency in linguistic comprehension is also reflected in naturalistic production. Our dataset can further be used to explore factors that modulate the disambiguation in context.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Pragmatics; Semantics of language"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xp1608t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Micaela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wells","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgetown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Brandon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Waldon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgetown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schneider","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgetown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50420/galley/38382/download/"}]},{"pk":50160,"title":"Scope Interpretation: Evidence from Human and Large Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigates real-time processing and interpretation of quantified sentences in English and Chinese, focusing on cases where an existential quantifier precedes a universal quantifier. Using a self-paced reading (SPR) task and comprehension questions, we found that surface scope was processed faster than inverse scope, with differences emerging in later processing regions, aligning with the Processing Scope Economy principle. Cross-linguistic differences revealed that inverse scope was less accessible in Chinese than in English, confirming scope rigidity in Chinese. Working memory influenced offline interpretation but not online processing. Additionally, large language models only partially resembled human performance, with BERT-based models aligning with human data in English but not in Chinese, likely due to training biases. These findings contribute to understanding scope processing mechanisms, cross-linguistic variation, and cognitive constraints, while also informing the limitations of LLMs in modeling human sentence comprehension.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Psychology; Semantics of language; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41x703kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacky","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Shaohua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Purdue University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50160/galley/38122/download/"}]},{"pk":49415,"title":"Scroll-Time and Echo-Chambers: Effect of Mass Media on Ingroup Bias and Polarization","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Information disseminated through mass-media has been known to significantly influence behaviors such as voting (Iyengar &amp; Kinder, 1987), brand preferences (Tversky &amp; Kahneman, 1981), and public opinion (McCombs &amp; Shaw, 1972). More specifically, the way information is framed and presented in mass media (for instance through \"breaking news\" and \"sensational headlines\") can reinforce existing beliefs and contribute to political and ideological polarization, with partisan media creating \"echo chambers\" that deepen biases (Hobolt et al., 2024). The current study leverages these insights to investigate the effects of the echo-chambered media and the time available for information consumption in an intergroup context across three experiments. Going by the minimal group paradigm, Experiment 1 employed a randomized, untimed presentation (non-echo-chamber) of news about an ingroup and an outgroup, while Experiment 2 used a blocked, untimed design (echo-chamber), and Experiment 3 a blocked, timed design (echo-chamber, doomscroll). All experiments involved two news sources with varying reliability (low and high) disseminating valanced (positive/negative) intergroup news headlines, and the participants were asked about the degree to which they believed the specific news items. Results showed that the manner of news presentation and timing moderated ingroup favoritism, with higher propensity to believe positive ingroup than positive outgroup news and vice-versa for the negative news, with the most significant bias emerging in Experiment 2 and negative news bias in Experiment 3. These findings shed light on how patterns of media consumption may influence intergroup perceptions and lead to polarization in society.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gj94798","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abhishek","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baba","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Ark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Ms Anurati","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tripathi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49415/galley/37377/download/"}]},{"pk":49851,"title":"Searching for Events:  Rapid visual extraction of language-compatible event representations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How does the visual system recognize human interactions, and what is the nature of these representations? Past work suggests observers can automatically recognize event category (e.g., kicking) and event role information (Agent, Patient) from brief displays, so-called rapid gist extraction of event structure. Questions remain though about how quickly event representations are computed and when they might interface with linguistic/cognitive systems. We explored these issues using linguistically guided visual search. Participants' eye movements were recorded as they heard spoken input (e.g., \"The red person is kicking the blue person\") and searched for the matching image. By manipulating visual preview time prior to hearing the critical verb, we can estimate an upper bound of when visually recognized event information is available to ongoing linguistic processes. And by manipulating the posture of the humans in these images, we can help clarify how event representations are recognized and refined over time.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Event cognition; Language Comprehension; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ck5h9s0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Junyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trueswell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49851/galley/37813/download/"}]},{"pk":49238,"title":"Second Hand Effects: Exploring Spatial Influences on Temporal Judgments in Clocks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans use clocks to objectively measure their subjective temporal experiences. But can the spatial properties in a clock distort our experience of time ? This study examines how spatial boundaries in an analog clock influence prospective temporal judgements. We found that when the second hand crossed more boundaries, it distorted participants' spatial memories, causing them to overestimate the arc traced by the second hand. However, this distortion in spatial memory did not significantly influence participants' temporal judgments. Besides boundary crossing, our study examined and replicated the influence of speed on temporal judgment, with faster speeds of the second hand being associated with a dilated temporal experience.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognition of Time; Concepts and categories; Event cognition; Spatial cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p61c193","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ambar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Narwal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana university","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldstone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Fyfe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Motz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49238/galley/37199/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49238/galley/38744/download/"}]},{"pk":49272,"title":"Seeing Things Differently: The Role of Differing Perspectives in Advice-Taking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Advice-taking plays a critical role in collaboration. Yet people tend to under-utilize advice, often to their own detriment. We investigate if people's utilization of advice improves when they know the advisor has access to different information compared to them. We examine how individuals integrate advice in an estimation task, where the advisee and the advisor have access to different perspectives of the same problem. We assess how individuals adjust their estimates when presented with estimates from a human advisor and an AI advisor, and when they are given information about the advisor's perspective. Our findings are consistent with egocentric discounting where individuals exhibit a general bias toward their own information. However, this discounting is lower for AI advisors compared to human advisors in our experiment. Our results also show that the advisor's estimate is taken more into account when the advisor has a more favorable viewpoint -- for both human and AI advisors. This suggests a potential for optimizing advice-taking behavior by enhancing people's understanding of the advisor's viewpoint. This study furthers our understanding of advice-taking dynamics with human and AI advisors and the role of perspective-taking in decision-making processes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w8586gz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aakriti","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kumar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northwestern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ren-Hui","middle_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Tham","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Steyvers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49272/galley/37233/download/"}]},{"pk":50007,"title":"Seeing through Occlusion: Uncertainty-aware Joint Physical Tracking and Prediction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans can track objects and predict their motion even when they are temporarily occluded. How does the absence of changing visual evidence alter predictive beliefs about a moving object? In our study, participants were tasked with continuously anticipating the destination of a simulated ball in occluded and un-occluded 2.5D environments. Our findings reveal that humans actively update their judgments throughout the period of occlusion while making predictions grounded in physical realism, even as occlusion impairs accuracy. To model this behavior, we integrate perception with physical reasoning, unifying tracking and prediction. This is implemented via massively parallel probabilistic inference in a hierarchical generative model for the motion of intermittently visible objects, represented using the GenJAX probabilistic programming platform. This model predicts time-varying human judgments more accurately than alternative models, suggesting that humans integrate perception and physics to reason about occluded motion. Paper is available at https://arijit-dasgupta.github.io/jtap/.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Perception; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20w6k4fd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arijit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dasgupta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Bolton","name_suffix":"","institution":"CHI FRO","department":""},{"first_name":"Vikash","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mansinghka","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50007/galley/37969/download/"}]},{"pk":49803,"title":"Segmentation can drive the cultural evolution of the statistical properties of language","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language is passed from one generation of learners to the next via cultural transmission. This process has been shown to give rise to core properties of language that enhance its learnability. Recent experimental work shows that statistical properties of language can also emerge through cultural transmission: specifically, the statistical coherence of words, and the Zipfian distribution of word frequencies. It has been proposed that these properties emerge because they facilitate segmentation. However, it is not clear whether segmentation is necessary for their emergence. We use a computational iterated learning model to simulate the cultural transmission of unsegmented sequences under different assumptions about the nature of learning. We show that segmentation indeed promotes the emergence of these statistical properties, whereas tracking of unigram statistics does not. In addition, we show that tracking sequential statistics alone can also promote their emergence.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language acquisition; Learning; Statistical learning; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pw618hk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lucie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wolters","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem","department":""},{"first_name":"Inbal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arnon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hebrew University","department":""},{"first_name":"Simon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirby","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49803/galley/37765/download/"}]},{"pk":49285,"title":"Selective social influence on aesthetic evaluations via natural language testimony","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why and how do we incorporate others' judgments when making an aesthetic evaluation? We investigated this question by studying social transmission of aesthetic evaluations via natural language, which conveys richness that more common (numerical) measures may fail to convey, such as the reasoning behind a judgment. Participants in a large-scale study aesthetically evaluated photographs, either independently or after observing testimony from another person. We found that participants formed more similar evaluations to the testimony they observed (than the asocial control). Furthermore, participants who received the same evaluative testimony wrote evaluations that were more similar to each other in content but not sentiment (relative to a matched asocial cohort). This suggests that social influence on aesthetic evaluations may have a greater informational aspect than previously understood.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Aesthetics; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t98z3xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yoko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Urano","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Bill","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49285/galley/37246/download/"}]},{"pk":50062,"title":"Self-Association Makes It Easier to Track Multiple Objects But Within Capacity Limitations: A Multiple-Object Tracking Investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE) suggests that\nassociating stimuli with the ‘self' affords processing\nadvantages in perception (Sui &amp; Humphreys, 2012),\nattention (Keyes &amp; Brady, 2010), long-term memory\n(Turk et al., 2008; Klein, 2012), working memory (Yin\net al., 2019; Roy et al., 2023), and decision-making\n(Polman, 2012; Hu et al., 2019). An important aspect\nof working memory is the ability for continuous\ntracking, maintenance &amp; updation. The Multiple-\nObject Tracking (MOT) paradigm involves constant\nattention and maintenance in working memory and\nonline decision-making. The current study was\ndesigned to test the tracking performances for self-\nassociated stimuli (neutral shapes and colored shapes)\ncompared to stranger-associated stimuli (neutral\nshapes and colored shapes) in a multiple object\ntracking (MOT) paradigm. Additionally, we used\nthree different set-sizes (6,8,10), where half of the\nshapes were targets, and half were distractors, to check\nfor boundary conditions with respect to WM load. We\nfound that with increasing set-size, tracking\nperformance decreases significantly. Also, whether\ntargets or distracters belong to the same\n(homogeneous) or different categories\n(heterogeneous) moderates the tracking performance\nof the participants, as target shapes becomes more\ncomplicated when the target and distracters are of the\nsame type, i.e., the homogenous conditions. We found\nthat the tracking performances of the self-associated\nshapes were significantly better than the stranger-\nassociated target shapes when the target and\ndistractors were of different categories (heterogeneous\ncondition) but only upto set-size 8 due to working\nmemory limits. Additionally, we found that self-\nassociated shapes or colored shapes were significantly\npoorer in tracking when target and distractors were of\nsame categories (homogeneous condition) within the\nworking memory limits. These results suggest that\nindividuals can pay more attention to self-associated\nstimuli, which are maintained in working memory and\nhave better focus of attention, despite limited capacity\nWM resources.\nKeywords: self-association, tracking, multiple\nobject tracking, working memory, visual working\nmemory, identity, location.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Memory; Perception; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sv4h9pz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Irfan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahmad","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Ark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50062/galley/38024/download/"}]},{"pk":50387,"title":"Self-other blurring: self-referential facial dynamics representation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People do not see themselves during real-life face-to-face interactions. Strikingly, after a 5-minute interaction with a stranger, the stranger is likely to be more familiar with the appearance of the interlocutor's facial expressions than the interlocutor is. However, people control and feel their facial movements. We examined whether an internal transformation into a visual representation exists, allowing people to assess the specific dynamics of their own facial expressions compared to those of others. Leveraging advanced video processing AI tools, we decoupled participants' facial features from their facial dynamics and tested whether observers engage preferentially with individuals who share their own facial expression dynamics more than those of others. We further examined whether there is a distinct brain activity when viewing one's own facial expressions compared to others' facial expressions. Altogether, we propose that there is a self-facial dynamics representation that influences the processing and perception of others through self-referenced comparisons.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Action; Embodied Cognition; Emotion; Emotion Perception; Face Processing; Perception; Representation; Social cognition; Electroencephalogra"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s52q023","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Inbal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ravreby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50387/galley/38349/download/"}]},{"pk":50050,"title":"Self-Persuasion: A Novel Cognitive Approach to Effective LLM Jailbreaking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proven useful for various tasks but remain vulnerable to malicious exploitation. Attackers can bypass LLM safety restrictions (\"jail\") through carefully crafted \"jailbreaking\" prompts. To evaluate LLMs' security, researchers proposed various jailbreak techniques based on optimization, obfuscation, or persuasive strategies. However, these methods treat LLMs as passive persuasion targets, which overlooks LLMs' ability to reason actively. We propose Persu-Agent, a novel jailbreak framework based on Greenwald's Cognitive Response Theory. We focus more on LLM's internal cognitive processing of a prompt than the prompt itself. Persu-Agent uses the self-persuasion strategy to guide LLMs in generating justifications and rationalizing responses to harmful queries. The experimental results on advanced open-source and commercial LLMs revealed that Persu-Agent achieved an average jailbreak success rate of 84%, surpassing existing SOTA methods. Our work provides valuable insights into understanding LLMs' cognitive traits and contributes to developing safer LLMs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Interactive behavior; Natural Language Processing; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nw7x6pt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zhenhua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Wei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xie","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Shuoyoucheng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ma","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Xiaobing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sun","name_suffix":"","institution":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Baosheng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Zhihua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wen","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Enze","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Kai","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50050/galley/38012/download/"}]},{"pk":49447,"title":"Self-supervised EEG Representation Learning based on Temporal Prediction and Spatial Reconstruction for Emotion Recognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Affective Brain-Computer Interfaces has achieved remarkable advancements, enabling researchers to interpret labeled EEG data accurately. However, the annotation of EEG data is time-consuming and requires substantial effort, which limits the application in practical scenarios. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised EEG representation learning framework based on temporal prediction and spatial reconstruction (EEG-TPSR) to learn EEG representations from a large amount of unlabeled data. Our model consists of two stages: 1) In the pre-training stage, we use contrastive temporal prediction and spatial reconstruction as proxy tasks, which utilize the spatio-temporal information to learn the generic representations from EEG data; 2) In the fine-tuning stage, few data is used to calibrate the pre-trained model. We conduct extensive experiments on three emotion EEG datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves excellent performance, with over 20% relative accuracy improvement and more than 15% improvement using only 1% labeled data.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Emotion; Electroencephalography (EEG); Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93n3q505","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ren-Jie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dai","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","department":""},{"first_name":"Keya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hu","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering","department":""},{"first_name":"Haolong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bao-Liang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","department":""},{"first_name":"Wei-Long","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49447/galley/37409/download/"}]},{"pk":49476,"title":"Self-verification and the perceived reliability of uncertain feedback sources","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People often have a preference for \"self-verifying\" feedback that confirms their existing self-views. Self-verification can reinforce existing self-views and prevent opportunities to learn from alternative perspectives, as when people with low self- esteem prefer feedback that validates negative self-beliefs. Past work suggests that a major driver of self-verification is a desire for accurate self-assessment, where disconfirmatory feedback that contradicts existing self-views creates doubt about the credibility of the feedback source. The aim of this study was to develop a formal account of self-verification based on a Bayesian model of source reliability. Findings from a behavioral experiment aligned with the model's prediction that confirmatory feedback about traits central to one's self-concept enhances the perceived reliability of a source, while disconfirmatory feedback leads to lower reliability and disinterest in further feedback. This approach clarifies why seemingly biased feedback seeking behaviors may be motivated by rational epistemic concerns about source credibility.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Social cognition; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k36p7ck","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Doug","middle_name":"","last_name":"Markant","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49476/galley/37438/download/"}]},{"pk":49754,"title":"Semantic Congruency Across Development","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Multisensory processing often results in facilitation and/or interference effects, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. The two reported experiments used a Stroop-like task to examine how congruent, incongruent, and irrelevant information presented in one sensory modality (e.g., visual) affects processing and responding in a different modality (e.g., auditory). Across two experiments, adults (E1) and 5-year-olds (E2) were presented with pictures and sounds, and they had to determine if what they saw or heard was an animal or vehicle. Experiment 1 with adults showed evidence of both facilitation on congruent trials and interference on incongruent trials, with unattended visual stimuli having a larger effect on auditory processing than vice versa. Results in 5-year-olds were slightly more symmetrical than adults but there was no evidence that auditory input dominated visual processing. Possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Sensory Processing; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kv216jv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Geffen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Occidental College","department":""},{"first_name":"Taylor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Beck","name_suffix":"","institution":"Occidental College","department":""},{"first_name":"Ainsley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shelsta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Occidental College","department":""},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Robinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49754/galley/37716/download/"}]},{"pk":49816,"title":"Semantic-Pragmatic Adaptation to Variable Use of Temporal Expressions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous work has shown that listeners rapidly update their interpretations of vague expressions such as quantifiers and expressions of uncertainty when they observe a speaker's usage of such terms. However, previous studies focused on instances involving two reasoning steps: inferring a world state from a visual scene and communicating the world state. Based on these experiments, it has been argued that listeners infer speaker-specific mappings between world states and vague expressions rather than listeners making inferences about how the speaker infers the world state from a visual scene. Here, we extend the work on semantic-pragmatic adaptation to a new class of expressions, namely vague temporal expressions, such as for a bit and for a while, and employ an experimental paradigm in which the inference from the visual scene to the world state is deterministic. We replicate previous findings in this setting, suggesting that adaptation indeed targets semantic representations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Language understanding; Pragmatics; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48s4t2g1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuxin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Sebastian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schuster","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49816/galley/37778/download/"}]},{"pk":49802,"title":"Sense-Making, Cultural Scripts, and the Inferential Basis of Meaningful Experience","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cognitive science has made great progress in understanding how we explain and make sense of a complex world. We lack, however, an account of a deeper notion: how an experience that makes sense can become one that is meaningful. We present an account of how explanation and sense-making can lead to meaning-making, by the use—and, crucially, re-use—of a small set of cultural scripts: explanatory complexes that can be shared across domains by members of a social group. We explain meaning-making as a process of inference in which an individual leverages these cultural scripts to segment their full, unstructured set of experiences into a form that can be understood and endorsed as significant. Our account suggests how cultural artifacts (particularly stories in the form of novels, plays, and movies) are crucial for the transmission of these scripts. We present a mathematical model of this inferential process that can account for a range of phenomena which typically resist formalization. This includes the importance of narratives in meaning-making, the difficulty of articulating meaning separately from experiences that encapsulate it, and the ways in which the standard interpretation of a stable cultural artifact can change radically over time.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Humanities; Aesthetics; Cognitive Humanities; Event cognition; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37w2603j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cody","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kommers","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Alan Turing Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Simon","middle_name":"","last_name":"DeDeo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49802/galley/37764/download/"}]},{"pk":49533,"title":"Sense  of Joint  Agency: The Role of Prior Partner Information","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines how prior information about a partner affects the sense of joint agency during a collaborative task. Previous research suggests that perceiving a partner as human enhances this sense. However, the effects of prior instructions remain unclear. We designed a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which participants were told their partner was human or a program, while their actual partner was either human or a program. In the experiment, each participant and their partner jointly controlled a cursor to trace a circle. Additionally, we measured the sense of agency to compare it with joint agency. The data revealed that the instructional factor only influenced the sense of joint agency, while the actual partner factor solely affected the sense of agency. These findings suggest that beliefs about the partner prior to interaction influence the sense of joint agency, offering insights into the cognitive processes underlying collaborative actions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Human-computer interaction; Interactive behavior; Social cognition; Qualitative Analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qn9s6fp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Naohiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jomura","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Megumi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tamura","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Keisuke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sato","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Kazuhiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ueda","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49533/galley/37495/download/"}]},{"pk":50340,"title":"Sentence cues or semantics? Using eye tracking to study sentence processing in heritage Spanish-English bilinguals.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how heritage Spanish-English bilinguals process sentences with canonical and non-canonical word orders, focusing on inanimate (IA) subjects and objects in subject-verb-object (SVO) and object-verb-subject (OVS) structures. By examining whether participants rely on sentential cues or semantic processing, we aim to test predictions from the Competition Model, which emphasizes cue reliability and validity, and the Good-Enough Processing Model, which suggests reliance on heuristics in challenging syntactic contexts.\n\nUsing the Tobii Pro Fusion eye tracker, we are collecting eye movement data from 50 bilingual participants (Spanish AoA: 0-3 years; English AoA: 0-8 years) as they read 80 sentences (40 per language), balanced for verb agreement and randomized to control for order effects. Participants will identify the subject after each sentence and complete tasks assessing language dominance (BLP), vocabulary (LexTALE, LexTALE-ESP), and literacy skills in English and Spanish.\n\nResults will advance our understanding of current theories of sentence processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Reading; Semantics of language; Syntax; Eye tracking; Statistics"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qt869b6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Casper","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California - Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50340/galley/38302/download/"}]},{"pk":50275,"title":"Sentential Context is Insufficient for Perceptual Learning of Speech","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Listeners use sentential context to improve spoken word recognition. What is less clear is whether sentential context can aid in perceptual learning of speech. We employ a perceptual recalibration paradigm to investigate whether sentential context occurring before or after an acoustically manipulated target word can aid in learning a new talker's accent. We found that while sentential context improved spoken word recognition, it did not induce perceptual recalibration effects (regardless of its location in the sentence). This suggests that sentential context alone may not be a sufficient stimulus for perceptual learning. We consider two potential explanations for these results: first, information may need to be more closely tied to the target of learning to facilitate recalibration; second, sentential context may draw listeners' attention away from the target of learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Learning; Perception; Speech recognition"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0j16b1dp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wednesday","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bushong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Wellesley College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50275/galley/38237/download/"}]},{"pk":50306,"title":"Serendipity and Scientific Discovery: a new way to see Science and Knowledge?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"At the heart of my paper there is the concept of serendipity: it has recently been defined as a «discovery at the intersection of chance and wisdom», but it has been described in many other ways since Horace Walpole coined the term to indicate «that discoveries of things the observers were not in quest of, which happen by both accidents and sagacity». Finding an unambiguous definition is therefore complex. However, defining the concept of serendipity is not the only way to shed light on its occurrence: by analyzing and understanding its theoretical-conceptual characteristics, in fact, I believe we can clarify how it acts within the process of scientific discovery. In this way, chance, theory ladenness, scientific method, and situated cognition acquire a new light and significance. In particular, what we learn through serendipity is not only new facts about the world, but also other ways of seeing science and knowledge.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Creativity; Other; Problem Solving; Situated cognition"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30w684xr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Matteo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Costa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T18:00:00Z","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50306/galley/38268/download/"}]}]}