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Tucson","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-05-22T03:15:00+02:00","date_accepted":"2018-05-22T03:15:00+02:00","date_published":"1991-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53323/galley/40235/download/"}]},{"pk":55657,"title":"Towards an Authentic African Theatre","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No abstract","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72j9n7n2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"K.E.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Agovi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-03-18T11:44:43+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-03-18T11:44:43+01:00","date_published":"1991-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55657/galley/42045/download/"}]},{"pk":55666,"title":"Two Poems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No abstract","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Poetry","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92h820k8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kamwendo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-03-18T11:54:07+01:00","date_accepted":"2013-03-18T11:54:07+01:00","date_published":"1991-01-01T01:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55666/galley/42053/download/"}]},{"pk":55667,"title":"Two Poems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No 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Brinton","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g07s20k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clegg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ealing College of Higher Education","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6815/galley/3914/download/"}]},{"pk":6821,"title":"Defining Our Field: Unity in Diversity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Six months ago, in our inaugural issue, Issues in Applied Linguistics called for responses from our readers to two questions: What is applied linguistics? What should applied linguistics be?  We were motivated to pose these fundamental questions as founders of a new journal in an emerging field, whose own graduate program in applied linguistics was in the process of becoming an independent department. This transition has raised important issues concerning our academic identity and research agendafor the future, not only for ourselves but for the larger academic community with whom we interact and exchange expertise. Fourteen replies were received in response to our questions from graduate students and researchers in the U.S. and from as far away as Brasil, Finland, Romania, and Israel. In addition to geographical diversity, the respondents represent various departmental affiliations, including sociology, Germanic languages, English, health services, linguistics, psycholinguistics brainresearch,and applied linguistics. Moreover,the views expressed in the contributions not only reflect different ways of approaclUng the questions, they embody many of the current emphases encompassed by our interdisciplinary field. Roundtable possible. lAL would like to thank all the contributors for helping make this","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43n4t5cf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roger","middle_name":"","last_name":"Andersen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Helen","middle_name":"","last_name":"George","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Francisco","middle_name":"Gomes","last_name":"de Matos","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Minna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Homaki","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vaasa, Finland","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacobs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kirsner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tarja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miettinen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vaasa, Finland","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Elinor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ochs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pettinari","name_suffix":"","institution":"Wayne State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Emanuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schegloff","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schumann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tatiana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Slama-Cazacu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bucharest, Romania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stockwell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6821/galley/3920/download/"}]},{"pk":6826,"title":"Design for Cross-Cultural Learning by Mildred Sikkema and Agnes Niyekawa","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ct1n3b9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Perias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sithambaram","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6826/galley/3925/download/"}]},{"pk":6816,"title":"Designing Qualitative Research by Catherine Marshall an Gretchen B. Rossman","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m25g8j8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Lynch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6816/galley/3915/download/"}]},{"pk":6822,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ts756zq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Antony","middle_name":"John","last_name":"Kunnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-09T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-09T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6822/galley/3921/download/"}]},{"pk":6827,"title":"Guidelines: A Cross-Cultural Reading/Writing Text by Ruth Spack","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w3969nd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Holten","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carol Ann","middle_name":"","last_name":"Linn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6827/galley/3926/download/"}]},{"pk":6820,"title":"Lexical Evidence in Transliterating for Deaf Students in the University Classroom: Two Perspectives","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines the accuracy of transliterated messages produced by sign language interpreters in university classrooms. Causes of interpreter errors fell into three main categories: misperception of the source message, lack of recognition ofsourceforms, and failure to identify a target language equivalent. Most errors were found to be in the third category, a finding which raises questions not only about the preparation these interpreters receivedfor tertiary settings, but more generally about their knowledge of semantic aspects of the American Sign Language (ASL) lexicon. Deaf consumers' perceptions of problems with transliteration in the classroom and their strategies for accommodating various kinds of interpreter error were also elicited and are discussed. In support of earlier research, this study' s finding that transliteration may not be the most effective means of conveying equivalent information to deaf students in the university classroom raises questions about the adequacy of interpreters'preparationfor this task.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vr67660","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Locker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6820/galley/3919/download/"}]},{"pk":6824,"title":"Linguistics in a Systemic Perspective edited by James D. Benson, Michael J. Cummings, and William S. Greaves","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vm4f13x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Agnes","middle_name":"","last_name":"Weiyun He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6824/galley/3923/download/"}]},{"pk":6818,"title":"Newbury House TOEFL Preparation Kit: Preparing for the TOEFL by Daniel B, Kennedy, Dorry Mann Kenyon, and Steven J. Matthiesen and Newbury House TOEFL Preparation Kit: Preparing for the Test of Written English by Liz Hamp-Lyons","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54s6h8tn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Cushing","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6818/galley/3917/download/"}]},{"pk":6823,"title":"Oral Skills Testing: A Rhetorical Task Approach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the development, implementation, and evaluation of a semi-direct test of oral proficiency: the Rhetorical Task Examination (RTE). Many of the commonly used speaking instruments assess oral proficiency in terms of either discrete linguistic components-fluency, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary-or in terms of a single, global ability rating. The RTE proposes a compromise approach to rating oral skills by having two scales: one which ascertains the functional ability to accomplish a variety of rhetorical tasks, the other to address the linguistic competence (Canale & Swain, 1980) displayed in the performance. On audiotape in a language laboratory setting, 52 students representing three levels of a university ESL program performed six tasks related to the rhetorical modes covered in their coursework: short questions and answers, description, narration, process (giving directions), opinion, and comparison- contrast. The construction and justification of both the instrument and the rating scales are explained; data obtained from administering the RTE across classes as well as before and after instruction are presented; and the relevant measurement characteristics of the test are discussed. Results of this study indicate that the Rhetorical Task Examination is promising as a measure of oral proficiency in terms of practicality, reliability, and validity.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77h2z2xh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lazaraton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Heidi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Riggenbach","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington, Seattle","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6823/galley/3922/download/"}]},{"pk":6825,"title":"Political Applied Linguistics and Postmodernism: Towards an Engagement of Similarity within Difference","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v9089fn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kanpol","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chapman College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6825/galley/3924/download/"}]},{"pk":6817,"title":"The Foreign Teaching Assistant's Manual by Patricia Byrd, Janet C. Constantinides, and Martha C. Pennington and Teaching Matters: Skills and Strategies for International Teaching Assistants by Teresa Pica, Gregory A Barnes, and Alexis G. Finger","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/880900qz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goodwin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Juan Carlos","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gallego","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6817/galley/3916/download/"}]},{"pk":6819,"title":"The Intelligibility of Three Nonnative English-Speaking Teaching Assistants: An Analysis of Student-Reported Communication Breakdowns","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The intelligibility of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants (NNSTAs) is an issue that concerns researchers, administrators, teacher-trainers, and undergraduates. Based primarily on the work by Smith & Nelson (1985), this paper offers a novel method of looking at intelligibility—first recording undergraduates' immediate feedback on communication breakdowns while watching three NNSTA presentations, then following with an analysis of those communication break downs by a group of ESL specialists. The analysis in this study yielded a taxonomy offactors affecting the intelligibility of the NNSTAs. This study also found pronunciation to be the main cause of unintellgibility in the three NNSTA presentations, whether in isolation or in combination with vocabulary misuse, nonnative speech flow, or poor clarity of speech, a finding which confirms students' perceptions of the language problems of NNSTAs reported by Hinofotis & Bailey (1981) and by Rubin & Smith (1989).","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zc7609q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Juan Carlos","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gallego","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-12T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-12-30T09:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6819/galley/3918/download/"}]},{"pk":3572,"title":"Abstracts and Titles of Student Work","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent PhD Dissertations, Masters Thesis and Professional Reports from the Departmet of City and Regional Planning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"DCRP News","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qz3q60b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"DCRP","middle_name":"","last_name":"Students","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:38:01+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:38:01+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3572/galley/2329/download/"}]},{"pk":3568,"title":"Collectivism and Productivity in Rural Development: The Chinese Experience","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the Chinese experience in col­ lective farming during Mao's period. The relationship between collectivism and productivity, efficiency, and labor incentives are examined in a comparative frame­ work between the collectivization and the privatization years. The author argues that there is insufficient evi­ dence to support the conventional view that rural col­ lectivism directly generates the problems of lack of work incentives or the inefficient use of resources. In other words, the problems in the collective period are not necessarily generated by the collective practice itself","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61x4705h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"You-tein","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsing","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:28:42+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:28:42+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3568/galley/2325/download/"}]},{"pk":3571,"title":"Congestion and Enlightenment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The author returned from a recent visit to Bangkok convinced that western planners could learn much from tlie Thai approach to traffic management","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Urban Fringe","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5277b985","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tyler","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:34:29+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:34:29+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3571/galley/2328/download/"}]},{"pk":3565,"title":"Density Perception on Residential Streets","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study summarized in this article was to explore which physical characteristics influence people's perception of density on urban residential streets. Three streets in San Francisco, California, were evaluated and compared in terms of visual characteris­ tics, such as variety and distinctness of form, colors, materials, and patterns. These measurements were compared to the perceived density of these streets as indicated by both residents and non-residents. The study found three physical characteristics to be very strongly associated with perceptions of lower density: (1) greater building articulation; (2) less facade area or smaller buildings; (3) a greater number of \"house\"-like dwellings. These findings have significant implications for urban policy and design practice.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wb3g30c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bergdoll","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:21:29+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:21:29+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3565/galley/2322/download/"}]},{"pk":3570,"title":"French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment by Paul Rabinow","subtitle":null,"abstract":"French Modern is one of these books that one should read twice: the first time, in order to enjoy the author's storytelling; the second time, to learn from his skillful analysis. The story, in this case, is that of the gene­ sis of French urbanisme. It is the story of \"technicians of general ideas\": social reformers and statisticians, military men and politicians, architects and social scientists whose work lies in \"the middle ground between high culture or science and ordinary life\" (p. 9). Rabinow tells us about their efforts to fashion new fields of knowledge and technologies of social control, as well as new urban forms and social spaces. Through this story, Rabinow analyzes the specific forms of rationality that these men embodied and articulated, forms of rationality that made possible a new mode of social regulation: modern city planning. While the book is about French planning, it has lessons for American planning practi­ tioners, historians, and theorists, who may find that the field of planning evolved in similar ways on both sides of the Atlantic. Both French and American planning share an early emphasis on hygiene and both gradu­ ally came to rely on universal standards in order to analyze and regu­ late the city and its population.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gf4c8vv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raphael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fischler","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:32:42+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:32:42+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3570/galley/2327/download/"}]},{"pk":3563,"title":"Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The world is undergoing radical change at the beginning of this new decade. As Professor Manuel Castells articulated in a keynote speech at the October meeting of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP), the fall of communism and the rise of a global economy repre­ sent unparalleled changes in the world order and present new con­ cerns and opportunities for planners. Within the U.S., crisis often seems imminent these days, in light of infrastructure fiascoes, the growing number of homeless, increasing levels of crime, and the apparent likelihood of a recession, among other concerns. The local NBC-affiliate station recently broadcast a special report entitled \"What's Wrong with the System?\" which repeatedly pointed to planning failures. Indeed, the planning field may never before have faced challenges as great as those it faces today.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editorial Notes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3973k406","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Handy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:15:28+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:15:28+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3563/galley/2320/download/"}]},{"pk":3564,"title":"Planning in the 1990s: Growth and the Environment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Transcriptions ofportions ofa symposium held on May 3, 1990, at the University of California at Berkeley","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zt0b84d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Betty","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deakin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"","last_name":"Innes","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:19:13+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:19:13+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3564/galley/2321/download/"}]},{"pk":3567,"title":"Poverty, the Underclass, and Immigration: Another Look at the Debate on Poverty","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The current popular debate on poverty focuses on the underclass. Poverty is considered, in this context, a problem of unskilled, uneducated individuals or of groups ofpeople whose lifestyles mire them in poverty. In this article, the author argues that the focus on the underclass, and subsequent use of individually and culturally focused explanations for poverty, skew our understanding of the problem and divert our attention from appropriate policy responses. Using evidence from four different periods of immigration into Ameri­ can cities, an argument is presentecffor the importance ofstructural and institutional factors in understanding the success or failure of each group to find work and move up. The author concludes that these factors are better able to account for poverty and justify increased attention to structural conditions in poverty.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0j76f25k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mueller","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:25:52+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:25:52+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3567/galley/2324/download/"}]},{"pk":3566,"title":"The Economic Impacts of the Loma Prieta Earthquake: A Focus on Small Business","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies the impacts of the Lorna Prieta earthquake on the economy of the San Francisco Bay Area as a whole and specifically for small businesses. Findings are based on an analysis of published agrg egate economic data and a survey of small businesses in two cities. The paper finds that the economy showed a great deal of resistence, and concludes by outlining three lessons for future disaster planning in all areas prone to natural disasters.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6s67g8mh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cynthia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kroll","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Landis","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Qing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shen","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stryker","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:24:02+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:24:02+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3566/galley/2323/download/"}]},{"pk":3569,"title":"The Potential for Filtering as Public Policy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the potential role of housing filtering to provide long-term improvements in housing for the poor. It reviews alternative definitions of filtering in the literature, and speculates on market imperfections which may decrease the effectiveness of filtering in meeting the needs of specific households. Finalfy, it briefly describes alternative public policy techniques to maximize the benefits of filtering for low-income families.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tz5086h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smith-Heimer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-26T03:30:36+02:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-26T03:30:36+02:00","date_published":"1990-07-25T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3569/galley/2326/download/"}]},{"pk":6810,"title":"A Comparison of the Abilities Measured by the Cambridge and Educational Testing Service EFL Test Batteries","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c03r5gc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lyle","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Bachman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Fred","middle_name":"","last_name":"Davidson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foulkes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6810/galley/3909/download/"}]},{"pk":6804,"title":"Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction by William O'Grady","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6571d7m7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Adewole","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6804/galley/3903/download/"}]},{"pk":6811,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1060g0dd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Antony","middle_name":"John","last_name":"Kunnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6811/galley/3910/download/"}]},{"pk":6805,"title":"Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know by Rebecca L. Oxford","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1446j36q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Swathi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vanniarajan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6805/galley/3904/download/"}]},{"pk":6806,"title":"Linguistic Theory in Second Language Acquisition by Suzanne Flynn and Wayne O'Neil","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sm3k3w2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Donna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lardiere","name_suffix":"","institution":"Boston University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6806/galley/3905/download/"}]},{"pk":6803,"title":"Literacy and Bilingualism by James D. Williams","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g98j4vr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Carol","middle_name":"","last_name":"Benson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6803/galley/3902/download/"}]},{"pk":6813,"title":"Literature and Language Teaching by Christopher J. Brumfit and Ron A. Carter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x767j4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Povey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6813/galley/3912/download/"}]},{"pk":6807,"title":"Looking Back, Looking Ahead: An Interview with Evelyn Hatch","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vj0j42b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Egbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6807/galley/3906/download/"}]},{"pk":6814,"title":"Microcognition by Andy Clark","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/410810hw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cheryl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fantuzzi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6814/galley/3913/download/"}]},{"pk":6809,"title":"Orality, Oral-Based Culture, and the Academic Writing of ESL Learners","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c2580tr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Donald","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Rubin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Georgia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rosemarie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goodrum","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Georgia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Barabara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hall","name_suffix":"","institution":"DeKalb College","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6809/galley/3908/download/"}]},{"pk":6808,"title":"Putting PUT to Use: Prototype and Metaphorical Extension","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0df4z0hr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yasuhiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shirai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-08T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6808/galley/3907/download/"}]},{"pk":6812,"title":"Towards a Critical Applied Linguistics for the 1990s","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f62s7d6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alastair","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pennycook","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ontario Institute for Studies in Education","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2011-02-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_accepted":"2011-02-07T09:00:00+01:00","date_published":"1990-06-30T09:00:00+02:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6812/galley/3911/download/"}]},{"pk":36651,"title":"1990-1991 CATESOL Board of Directors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c00b5xb","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36651/galley/27501/download/"}]},{"pk":36649,"title":"Abstracts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31f4g3pq","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36649/galley/27499/download/"}]},{"pk":30999,"title":"A Case-Based Approach to Creativity in Problem Solving","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the major activities creative problem solvers engage in is exploration and evaluation of alternatives, often adapting and merging several possibilities to create a solution to the new problem. We propose a process that models this activity and discuss the requirements it puts on representations and reasoning processes and present a program that solves problems by following this procedure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80q851m0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janet","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Kolodner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Theresa","middle_name":"Louise","last_name":"Penberthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30999/galley/20845/download/"}]},{"pk":30986,"title":"A Computational Model Of Attentional Requirements In Sequence Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a computational model of attentional requirements in sequence learning. The structure of a keypressing sequence affects subjects' abilities to learn the sequence in a dual task paradigm (Cohen, Ivry, & Keele, 1990). Sequences containing unique associations among successive positions (i.e., 1-5-4-2-3) are learned during distraction. Sequences containing repeated positions with ambiguous associations (i.e., 3-1-2-1-3-2) are not learned during distraction. Cohen, et al. proposed two fundamental operations in sequence learning. A n associative mechanism mediates learning of the unique patterns (1-5-4-2-3). These associations do not require attention to be learned. Such an associative mechanism is poorly suited for learning the sequence with repeated elements and ambiguous associations. These sequences must be parsed and organized in a hierarchical manner. This hierarchical organization requires attention. The simulations reported in this paper were run on an associative model of sequence learning developed by Jordan (1986). Sequences of differing structures were presented to the model under two conditions - unparsed, and parsed into subsequences. The simulations modeled closely the keypressing task used by Cohen, Ivry and Keele (1990). The simulations (1) replicate the empirical findings, and (2) suggest that imposing hierarchical organization on sequences with ambiguous associations significantly improves the model's ability to learn those sequences. Implications for the analysis of fundamental computations underlying a system of skilled movement are discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/530602xq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peggy","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Jennings","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oregon","department":""},{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Keele","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oregon","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30986/galley/20835/download/"}]},{"pk":30952,"title":"A Computational Model of Visual Pattern Discrimination in Toads","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It has been found behaviorally that visual habituation in toads exhibits locus specificity and partial stimulus specificity. Dishabituation among different configurations of visual worm stimuli forms an ordered hierarchy. This paper presents a computational model of the toad visual system involved in pattern discrimination, including retina, tectum, and anterior thalamus. In the model w e propose that the toad discriminates visual objects based on temporal responses, and anterior thalamus has differing representations of different stimulus configurations. This theory is developed through a large scale neural simulation. With a minimum number of hypotheses, we demonstrate that anterior thalamus in response to different worm stimuli shows the same hierarchy as shown in the behavioral experiment. The successful simulation allows us to provide an explanation of neural mechanisms for visual pattern discrimination. This theory predicts that retinal R 2 cells play a primary role in the discrimination via tectal small pear cells (SP) while R 3 cells refine the feature analysis by inhibition. The simulation also demonstrates that the retinal response to the trailing edge of a stimulus is as crucial for pattern discrimination as to the leading edge. N e w dishabituation hierarchies are predicted by shrinking stimulus size and reversing stimulus-background contrast.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Group 3: Vision","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v29j2w9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"DeLiang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Arbib","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30952/galley/20801/download/"}]},{"pk":30950,"title":"A Computer Model of 2D Visual Attention","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Group 3: Vision","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06s5c8f8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wiesmeyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Laird","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30950/galley/20799/download/"}]},{"pk":30983,"title":"A Connectionist Approach to High-Level Cognitive Modeling","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this paper a connectionist framework is outlined which combines the advantages symbolic and pajallel distributed processing. With regard to the acquisition of cognitive skills of adult humans, symbolic computation is stronger related to the early stages of performance whereas parallel distributed processing is related to later, highly practiced, performance. In order to model skill acquisition, two interacting connectionist systems are developed. The first system is able to implement symbolic data structures: it reliably stores and retrieves distributed activity patterns. It also can be used to match in parallel one activity pattern to all other stored patterns. This leads to an efficient solution of the variable binding problem and to parallel rule matching. A disadvantage of this system is that it can only focus on a fixed amount of knowledge at each moment in time. The second system - consisting of recurrent back-propagation networks - can be trained to process and to produce sequences of elements. After sufficient training with examples it possesses «dl advantages of parallel distributed processing, e. g., the direct application of knowledge without interpreting mechanisms. In contrast to the first system, these networks can learn to hold sequentially presented information of varying length simultaneously active in a highly distributed (superimposed) manner. In earlier systems - like the model of past-tense learning by Rumelhart and McClelland - such forms of encodings had to be done \"by hand\" with much human effort. These networks are also compared with the tensor product representation used by Smolensky.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/177719w9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rainer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goebel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Gutenbergstr","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30983/galley/20832/download/"}]},{"pk":30948,"title":"A Connectionist Model of Attentional Enahancement and Signal Buffering","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The connectionist/control simulation of attentional enhancement, signal maintenance, and buffering of information is described. The system implements a hybrid connectionist architecture incorporating auto-association in the hidden layer and gain control on the hidden and output layer. The structure of the model parallels major features of modular cortical structure. The attentional selection simulations show that as one channel is attenuated, the system exhibits attentional capture in which only the more intense stimulus is transmitted to higher levels. The signal maintenance simulations show that small levels of auto-associative feedback can faithfully maintain short bursts of input for extended periods of time. With high auto-associative feedback, one module can buffer information from a previous transmission while the module blocks the interference resulting from concurrent transmissions. The combination of auto-associative feedback and gain control allow extensive control of information flow in a modular connectionist architecture.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Group 3: Vision","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b26f9wj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Shedden","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Walter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schneider","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30948/galley/20797/download/"}]},{"pk":30925,"title":"A Connectionist Treatment of Grammar for Generation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Connectionist language generation promises better interaction between syntactic and lexical considerations and thus improved output quality. To realize this requires a connectionist treatment of grammar. This paper explains one way to do so. The basic idea is that constructions and their constituents are nodes in the same network that encodes world knowledge and lexical knowledge. The principal novelty is reliance on emergent properties. This makes it unnecessary to make explicit syntactic choice or to build up representations of sentence strucuire. The scheme includes novel ways of handling constituency, word order and optional constituents; and a simple way to avoid the problems of instantiation and binding. Despite the novel approach, the syntactic knowledge used is expressed in a form similar to that often used in linguistics; this representation straightforwardly defines parts of the knowlege network. These ideas have been implemented in FIG, a 'flexible incremental generator.'","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Group 2: Language","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jd551dx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nigel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ward","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30925/galley/20774/download/"}]},{"pk":36656,"title":"A Critical Hermeneutic Analysis of Foreign Language Teaching: Implications for Teachers in the People’s Republic of China","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal relationships are established among teachers and students in education settings. This phenomenon takes on special meaning in a foreign language classroom, particularly for overseas teachers. Learning a new language brings new knowledge and new possibilities into students’ lives. Understandings experienced and gained in these classrooms go beyond linguistic comprehension and social activity to the very being of the person. Understanding is not something grasped or possessed. Rather it is a mode of our existence in the world. This dynamic aspect of foreign language teaching is of critical importance when Western teachers work in a country that follows a very different ideology from their own. The students in China bring their own history and worldview to the learning of English. It is the foreign teacher’s responsibility to not only help a student learn new concepts and language but also learn how to live out a meaningful life in a country that places expectations on students arising from very different political beliefs.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kq2q35r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ellen","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Herda","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of San Francisco","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36656/galley/27506/download/"}]},{"pk":31000,"title":"Action Systems: Planning And Execution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Invited Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p24w3wm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emilio","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bizzi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Jordan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/31000/galley/20846/download/"}]},{"pk":30990,"title":"Ad-Hoc, Fail-Safe Plan Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence research has traditionally treated planning, execution and learning as independent, sequential subproblems decomposing the larger problem of intelligent action. Recently, several lines of research have challenged the separation of planning and acting. This paper suggests that integration with planning and acting is also important for learning. W e present an integrated system SCAVENGER combining an adaptive planner with an ad-hoc learner. Situated plans are retrieved from memory; adaptation during execution extends these plans to cope with contingencies that arise and to tease out descriptions of situations to which these plans pertain. These changes are then integrated into the plan and incorporated into memory. Every situation of action is an opportunity for learning. Adaptive planning makes learning fail-safe by compensating for imperfections and omissions in learning and variability across situations. W e discuss a learning example in the domain of mechanical devices.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r88460m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roland","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zito-Wolf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brandeis Unviersity","department":""},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alterman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brandeis Unviersity","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1990-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30990/galley/20839/download/"}]}]}