{"count":39503,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=3700","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=3500","results":[{"pk":50091,"title":"The uncanny valley phenomenon triggered by a task-irrelevant dimension of objects","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We feel uncanniness for human-looking robots (uncanny valley). Regarding the mechanism, we hypothesized that the visual system automatically tries but misses to categorize a registered object, and therefore negatively evaluates it. However, it is unclear whether the automatic categorization induced the negative evaluation since all previous studies directed participants to evaluate the object in terms of a previously categorized dimension. The present study examined whether the uncanny valley is automatically triggered by the categorization failure in a task-irrelevant dimension. Participants categorized a morphed figure, the shape of which has been known to trigger the uncanny valley, in terms of color, and evaluated the likeability of it. The uncanny valley occurred based on the task-irrelevant shape dimension of the objects, even though the preceding color categorization was successful. These findings suggest that the visual system evaluates the likeability of the registered objects in response to the automatic categorization and its failure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Emotion; Human-computer interaction"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vm5c267","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kota","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sasaki","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chuo University","department":""},{"first_name":"Atsunori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ariga","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chuo University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50091/galley/38053/download/"}]},{"pk":49464,"title":"The Ungrounded Alignment Problem","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Modern machine learning systems have demonstrated substantial abilities with methods that either embrace or ignore human-provided knowledge, but combining benefits of both styles remains a challenge.  One particular challenge involves designing learning systems that exhibit built-in responses to specific abstract stimulus patterns, yet are still plastic enough to be agnostic about the modality and exact form of their inputs.  In this paper, we investigate what we call The Ungrounded Alignment Problem, which asks How can we build in predefined knowledge in a system where we don't know how a given stimulus will be grounded?  This paper examines a simplified version of the general problem, where an unsupervised learner is presented with a sequence of images for the characters in a text corpus, and this learner is later evaluated on its ability to recognize specific (possibly rare) sequential patterns.  Importantly, the learner is given no labels during learning or evaluation, but must map images from an unknown font or permutation to its correct class label.  That is, at no point is our learner given labeled images, where an image vector is explicitly associated with a class label.  Despite ample work in unsupervised and self-supervised loss functions, all current methods require a labeled fine-tuning phase to map the learned representations to correct classes.  Finding this mapping in the absence of labels may seem a fool's errand, but our main result resolves this seeming paradox.  We show that leveraging only letter bigram frequencies is sufficient for an unsupervised learner both to reliably associate images to class labels and to reliably identify trigger words in the sequence of inputs.  More generally, this method suggests an approach for encoding specific desired innate behaviour in modality-agnostic models.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Analogy; Development; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rf267r9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marc","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pickett","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergence AI","department":""},{"first_name":"Aakash Kumar","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nain","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emergence AI","department":""},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Modayil","name_suffix":"","institution":"Openmind Research Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Llion","middle_name":"O","last_name":"Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sakana AI","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49464/galley/37426/download/"}]},{"pk":49387,"title":"The Uniformity Fallacy: A Second Common, Severe Misinterpretation of Bar Graphs of Averages","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Past methods for studying graph interpretation have only indirectly assessed people's mental picture of the data that produced the graph. Recently, we developed a more direct, drawing-based measure and used to reveal a severe misinterpretation of the common bar graph of averages: one in five viewers mistook the average for the data's outer limit. Here, we use the same measure to reveal a second misinterpretation, whereby even more viewers—one in three—incorrectly assume that data frequency remains approximately uniform over its entire range. Missing from their mental picture are the tails of the distribution—the relative rarity of extreme values—which are so characteristic of real data that they are embedded in the core normality assumption of statistics. We label this misinterpretation the \"Uniformity Fallacy\" and characterize its nature, reproducibility, generalizability, and correlates. We conclude that bar graphs of averages fail to communicate data truthfully in not one, but two fundamental ways.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Perception; Sketch understanding; Spatial cognition; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00s8z754","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeremy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wilmer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Wellesley College","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kerns","name_suffix":"","institution":"Wellesley College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49387/galley/37349/download/"}]},{"pk":49996,"title":"The Vigor of Punishment: Control of Movement Vigor in Social Decision–Making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Individuals typically respond faster and with greater velocity when pursuing rewarding options. However, people sometimes forgo personal gain to punish unfair behavior. How vigorously do they engage in such costly punishment? We introduce a novel framework linking neuroeconomic decision-making to movement vigor. In Study 1, using a motor version of the Ultimatum Game, we found that movement vigor increased with offer value for accepted offers but decreased with offer value for rejected ones (costly punishments). In Study 2, we examined the factors driving this reversal. Using a social economic exchange task, we found that punishment vigor was not driven by either the self-incurred cost or the absolute cost inflicted on the other, but rather by the efficiency of the punishment, that is, the ratio of other-cost to self-cost. These findings suggest that when people incur personal costs to punish, movement vigor accurately tracks the weighting of other-inflicted costs against self-costs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Action; Decision making; Interactive behavior; Motor control; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j34s4mt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Oriana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pansardi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cavallo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Turin","department":""},{"first_name":"Giacomo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Turri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefano","middle_name":"","last_name":"Panzeri","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center hamburg Eppendorf","department":""},{"first_name":"Alan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sanfey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud University","department":""},{"first_name":"Prof. Cristina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Becchio","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49996/galley/37958/download/"}]},{"pk":49209,"title":"The Wisdom of Intellectually Humble Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People's collectively shared beliefs can have significant social implications, including on democratic processes and policies. Unfortunately, as people interact with peers to form and update their beliefs, various cognitive and social biases can hinder their collective wisdom. In this paper, we probe whether and how the psychological construct of intellectual humility can modulate collective wisdom in a networked interaction setting. Through agent-based modeling and data-calibrated simulations, we provide a proof of concept demonstrating that intellectual humility can foster more accurate estimations while mitigating polarization in social networks. We investigate the mechanisms behind the performance improvements and confirm robustness across task settings and network structures. Our work can guide intervention designs to capitalize on the promises of intellectual humility in boosting collective wisdom in social networks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Sociology; Complex systems; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Agent-based Modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hd2t78f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raiyan Abdul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baten","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of South Florida","department":""},{"first_name":"Mohammad Ratul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mahjabin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of South Florida","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49209/galley/37170/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49209/galley/38715/download/"}]},{"pk":49140,"title":"Thinking fast, slow, and everywhere in between in humans and language models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How do humans adapt how they reason to varying circumstances? Prior research has argued that reasoning comes in two types: a fast, intuitive type and a slow, deliberate type. Are these the only options, or can people adjust their reasoning continuously by trading off speed and accuracy within individual reasoning steps? We investigate this possibility in an experiment where participants were trained on relationships between local variables in a simple causal model, then asked to make predictions about all pairs of variables. Participants in one condition had a 5-second time limit. We found main effects of time pressure and locality, but only a small interaction in the direction opposite to our hypothesis. We present a process-level model of this phenomenon using early readouts from transformer language models. Our findings are consistent with people reasoning step by step, but accepting a higher error rate at each step under time pressure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5td927m3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Prystawski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goodman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49140/galley/37101/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49140/galley/38646/download/"}]},{"pk":49700,"title":"Thinking through syntax: Expanding the scope of \"thinking for speaking\"","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The \"thinking for speaking\" hypothesis proposes that our language can influence cognition during language produc- tion or interpretation, directing our attention to the grammat- ical and/or semantic categories readily codable in our lan- guage. Beyond the codability of grammatical and semantic categories, the role of syntactic hierarchy–a core feature of human language—has not been studied so far. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effect of learning dif- ferent complex noun phrase (NP) structures on English na- tive participants' similarity judgments of objects which dif- fered in color or number. In Experiment 1, as the training proceeded, participants who learned to describe novel objects following an unusual NP structure that highlights the dimen- sion of number over color were more likely to judge objects matching on number; by contrast the judgments of partici- pants who learned a more typical NP structure that highlights color over number did not change significantly over time. The training-specific effect observed in Experiment 1 failed to emerge in Experiment 2 where online language involvement was reduced. These results extend the scope of \"thinking for speaking\", suggesting that hierarchical structure in syntax may also influence cognition during language use. They also shed light on the potential for cognitive flexibility in representations of the NP.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language and thought; Learning; Syntax"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w4161w4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuyan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xue","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cambridge University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Culbertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49700/galley/37662/download/"}]},{"pk":49897,"title":"Thinking through the past, present, and future: Language convergence-entropy is influenced by when you think of and how you feel","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Under construal-level theory, psychologically distant concepts such as a far away land are generally seen more abstractly compared to concepts viewed as closer in time, space, or identity. As we mentally travel through time, dynamics of language contained in streams-of-consciousness may provide a look into how we drift through topical space. Here, we investigated self-convergence and entropy using a BERT-based method to see how language drift over the course of typed streams-of-consciousness may be shaped by temporal framing. We applied this method to a dataset where undergraduate students during COVID-19 shared their thoughts imagining life before, during, and after the pandemic. We find that post-pandemic, future-directed thoughts showcase greater drift compared to past and present thoughts, suggesting greater exploration. Interestingly, past thoughts showed the least drift, suggesting there may be differences in concreteness depending on the direction in time you travel and the ability to have impact over temporally-tethered events.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognition of Time; Language and thought; Natural Language Processing; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qh8x1dr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Constance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bainbridge","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Zachary","middle_name":"P","last_name":"Rosen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dale","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49897/galley/37859/download/"}]},{"pk":49594,"title":"Think outside the box: Making up casual hypotheses from unreliable evidence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human adults think of the natural world as orchestrated by rules, yet many of them are neither equally rigid nor clearly evident. Some are beset by exceptions, and others are not intuitive. The problem of rule learning is especially salient in development, as children are continuously learning how the world works. What cognitive mechanisms underpin this rule learning? \nWe propose a computational model for formulating and testing hypotheses in naturalistic contexts, that combines Bayesian inference under uncertainty over self-generated and social evidence with formal rules and optimistic information-seeking heuristics. We validate our model experimentally, showing that it explains 7- to 10-year-olds' behavior in a rule-based, physical task, including the distribution and the types of evidence children sampled. The proposed model outperforms both a purely rule-based Bayesian hypothesis search and a resource-rational random sampling approach. Our results suggest that children implement an internal mechanism for generating and testing a limited number of hypotheses, including formal programmatic rules and heuristics generated from salient problem features to seek more evidence when formal rule generation fails.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Cognitive development; Decision making; Development; Problem Solving; Bayesian modeling; Developmental analysis; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mw6988v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Simal","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dolek","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dalhousie University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Radovanovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Robie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gonzales","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dalhousie University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sommerville","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Marta","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kryven","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dalhousie University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49594/galley/37556/download/"}]},{"pk":50301,"title":"Three Levels for Large Language Model Cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Marr's three-level hypothesis is widely applied to information processing systems, including large language models (LLMs). Despite its usefulness, applying it to LLMs proves it to be a leaky abstraction: demarcating between levels tends to be a choice that needs to be argued for. The paper explores the three levels separately and offers paradigm examples of explanations for each level. It closes with a pragmatist proposal for studying LLM cognition, inspired by the philosophy of cognitive neuroscience.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Neuroscience; Philosophy; Machine learning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79f59030","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eleni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Angelou","name_suffix":"","institution":"CUNY","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50301/galley/38263/download/"}]},{"pk":50246,"title":"Through the Eyes of Expertise: Decoding Mathematical Cognition with Eye-Tracking and Entropy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding how experts and novices allocate visual attention during mathematical problem-solving can reveal novel insights into cognitive processing. This study investigates eye-movement patterns in linear algebra tasks using entropy and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Eye-tracking data were collected from participants of varying expertise levels, analyzing fixation duration, scan paths, and pupillometry between key Areas of Interest (AOIs). Results indicate that experts exhibit lower entropy, suggesting a more systematic, targeted approach, whereas novices display higher entropy, reflecting exploratory and less efficient search strategies. A Welch Two-Sample t-test confirmed significant differences in entropy scores, with experts showing greater attentional focus in key areas. These findings highlight the role of visual attention in mathematical cognition. Our research underscores the potential of entropy-based metrics for assessing problem-solving strategies, with implications for content sequencing and designing instructional tools that scaffold visual attention in STEM education.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Education; Instruction and teaching; Reasoning; Representation; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59g5t1ts","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maribel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Viveros","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Merced","department":""},{"first_name":"Zenaida","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aguirre-Munoz","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Merced","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50246/galley/38208/download/"}]},{"pk":50138,"title":"Through Thick and Thin: People Think Family Will and Ought to Reconcile","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In a preregistered experiment, adults living in the United States (N = 700) expected family (here, siblings) to be more likely to reconcile than friends after a conflict. To a greater extent, participants reported that siblings (vs. friends) have to reconcile and failing to do so would be less morally permissible. Further, participants expected love between siblings to be negatively affected to a lesser extent than love between friends who experienced the same conflict. We also explored potential generational differences, and found that Baby Boomers (people born in the years 1946–1964) reported that family members were significantly more obligated to reconcile than did Millennials (people born in the years 1981–1996). Our findings indicate that ties to family members are especially anticipated and obliged to persist through thick and thin.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Social cognition"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xz037c6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rodney","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tompkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Chuyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Barbara","department":""},{"first_name":"Katie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasquez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50138/galley/38100/download/"}]},{"pk":50063,"title":"To Be Right or To Belong – Prediction &amp; Reward in Social Conformity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"To test whether conformity reflects an intrinsic reward signal, we devised a multiplayer economic choice task that pitted monetary gain against group consensus. Specifically, we assessed whether hedonic valence elicited by majority alignment would transfer to contextual stimulus features. Contrary to the characterization of social conformity as reflecting an intrinsic utility of consensus, we did not find evidence of reinforcement of contextual stimuli based on decision unanimity. This failure cannot be attributed to unsuccessful majority alignment manipulation, since stay/switch behavior reflected an integration of consensus and monetary rewards, nor can it be attributed to a failure to obtain reinforcement of contextual stimuli, since such effects were observed for monetary payoffs. Intriguingly, individual differences in social anxiety predicted the influence of social alignment on contextual reinforcement and stay/switch behavior, suggesting that the utility of conformity is modulated by social affect. The results reflect an imitative basis of normative conformity.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Social cognition"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67r5975w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Garrett","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mauter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Mimi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liljeholm","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50063/galley/38025/download/"}]},{"pk":49335,"title":"Toddlers' mapping of emotion words to facial expressions and body postures in a looking-while-listening task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Traditional research on children's emotion word comprehension has relied on explicit-response tasks and focused primarily on facial expressions, potentially underestimating early abilities. Using a looking-while-listening paradigm, this study examined whether 18- to 30-month-old children (N=100) could map emotion words to combined facial and bodily expressions. On each trial, children heard an emotion word while viewing a pair of emotional expressions that were either across valence (e.g., happy vs. sad) or within valence (e.g., sad vs. angry). Children aged 24-30 months preferentially looked at the matched expression on both trial types, while children aged 18-24 months old performed at chance levels. These findings suggest that the ability to map emotion words to facial and bodily emotional expressions emerges in early age two.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Development; Emotion; Emotion Perception; Language acquisition"}],"section":"Abstracts with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f91s6ts","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hanqi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto Scarborough","department":""},{"first_name":"Sahej","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gulati","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto, Scarborough","department":""},{"first_name":"Yang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto Scarborough","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49335/galley/37296/download/"}]},{"pk":49941,"title":"Toddlers Use Vocal Cues to Infer Male Dominance Over Females in Right-of-Way Conflict","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Men hold more power compared to women, a phenomenon that is globally evident and widely documented. Preverbal infants mentally represent social dominance, and by the age of 18 months can distinguish male and female voices and associate them with faces of the corresponding gender. Here, we investigated whether 18- to 24- month-old toddlers (N=48) expected male-voiced agents to prevail over female-voiced ones in a right-of-way conflict. Using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, we found that toddlers looked longest when female-voiced characters prevailed in dominance conflicts, suggesting they expected that male-voiced agents would prevail instead. Acoustic features of male voices that perceptually suggest greater formidability/physical size (i.e., lower fundamental frequency) may account for this effect. Alternatively, vocal indicators of speaker sex might trigger very early conceptualizations about gender and dominance.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Evolution; Social cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6033h88p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Flavia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Filesi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo","department":""},{"first_name":"Bjørn","middle_name":"Dahl","last_name":"Kristensen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oslo","department":""},{"first_name":"Erik","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Fonn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo","department":""},{"first_name":"Joakim","middle_name":"Haugane","last_name":"Zahl","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Psychology","department":""},{"first_name":"Mathilde","middle_name":"","last_name":"Massenet","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Communication, Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California","department":""},{"first_name":"Gregory","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Bryant","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Communication, Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California","department":""},{"first_name":"Lotte","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thomsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oslo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49941/galley/37903/download/"}]},{"pk":49536,"title":"To Honor or Dishonor Student Choices? The Impact of Self-Regulation on Instructional Methods and Learning Outcomes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Self-regulated learning involves making decisions about how to study, but students often choose suboptimal strategies. Our experiment investigated how preferences for instructional methods—video, practice, or both combined—affect learning outcomes. We randomly assigned 130 participants to either receive their preferred method of instruction (honoring initial choice) or a different method (dishonoring initial choice). Contrary to previous research showing preferences for lectures, our participants initially selected practice-based approaches. However, when asked again after instruction, the majority of participants chose the combined approach. This shift in preferences suggests that students may overvalue comprehensive approaches, even when practice alone was equally effective and reduced instructional time by 66%. Whether preferences were honored or dishonored did not significantly affect performance or efficiency, thus control over instructional methods may be less important than the methods themselves. Based on our findings, future research should focus on guiding students to utilize practice to optimize learning efficiency.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Instruction and teaching; Learning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p70c7mn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gillian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"W","last_name":"Asher","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Paulo","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Carvalho","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49536/galley/37498/download/"}]},{"pk":49352,"title":"Top-Down Biases for Lexicality and Frequency in Both Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Stimuli: Evidence from Cantonese","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Also known as the Ganong effect, a lexicality bias effect- i.e., the bias to interpret an ambiguous sound as the phoneme that yields a real word in its context - has been widely replicated. The search for a similar frequency bias effect, on the other hand, has yielded mixed results: In English, a bias has been observed such that listeners tend to interpret an ambiguous sound as the phoneme that yields a higher-frequency word, but this has failed to be replicated in Mandarin. One difference between these studies is the use of monosyllabic vs. disyllabic stimuli. To determine the factors that influence the presence of a bias effect, the present study tested for both frequency and lexicality bias effects using monosyllabic and disyllabic stimuli in Cantonese. Results show that the lexicality and frequency bias effects can be elicited in both monosyllabic and disyllabic stimuli, but the frequency effect is weaker.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language and thought; Perception; Speech recognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g088472","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ka Keung","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Simon Fraser University","department":""},{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Politzer-Ahles","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Kansas","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49352/galley/37313/download/"}]},{"pk":49376,"title":"Tortoise Attention Algorithm: A Novel Computational Tool for Measuring Children's Concentration","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the tortoise attention algorithm (TAA), a novel computational tool for accurately measuring children's concentration during learning activities. The algorithm integrates weighted behavior duration and temporal stability metrics to calculate a comprehensive concentration score. We conducted three studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Study 1 demonstrated that TAA's concentration scores significantly predicted performance on math tasks but found no significant relationship with executive function performance, as measured by the ANT test. Study 2 revealed that TAA outperformed humans in predicting children's math performance, underscoring the algorithm's ability to mitigate biases inherent in human assessments of fidgeting behaviors. Study 3 further showed that while human evaluations of concentration were consistent across classroom and café settings, they failed to align with actual learning outcomes. These findings highlight that TAA provides an objective and reliable tool for evaluating concentration, enabling educators to refine teaching strategies and improve learning outcomes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Cognitive development; Learning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zh0m9g2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lingqin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Meng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""},{"first_name":"Wenjia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Macau","department":""},{"first_name":"Junhao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Development of Psychology","department":""},{"first_name":"Joy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Peking University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Youdao Netease","department":""},{"first_name":"Lei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Netease Youdao","department":""},{"first_name":"Yitao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Duan","name_suffix":"","institution":"NetEase Youdao","department":""},{"first_name":"Stella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Christie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49376/galley/37338/download/"}]},{"pk":49369,"title":"Toward a Formal Pragmatics of Explanation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a formal account of causal explanation, grounded in a theory of conversational pragmatics, and inspired by the interventionist idea that explanation is about asking and answering what-if-things-had-been-different questions. We illustrate the fruitfulness of the account, relative to previous accounts, by showing that widely recognized \"explanatory virtues\" emerge naturally, as do subtle empirical patterns concerning the impact of norms on causal  judgments. An extended version of the paper with further details can be found here: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.03732","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Psychology; Causal reasoning; Pragmatics; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch6z55z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacqueline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harding","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tobias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gerstenberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Icard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49369/galley/37331/download/"}]},{"pk":50466,"title":"Toward Human-AI Co-Evolution: Integrated Learning Framework and Critical Self-Regulation Mechanisms","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human-AI Integrated Learning (HAI-IL) reconceptualizes collaborative cognition through a four-layer constructivist framework (self, cognitive, interaction, external), demonstrating how adaptive co-evolution occurs across cognitive, decision-making, and feedback dimensions. Where traditional learning systems separate human and machine roles, HAI-IL establishes interdependent symbiosis: Externally, learners operate as unified human-AI entities (Hybrid-intelligence), while internally, AI functions as cognitive extensions rather than replacements. A self-regulation mechanism driving Ethical Dual-Spiral (human chain and AI chain) Regulation ensures alignment between human values and AI operations, dynamically monitoring system outputs against \"AI for Social Good\" principles. Our findings reveal this framework enhances proactive human agency while enabling neural-like adaptability in AI agents. The model demonstrates particular efficacy in multiple-fields, where HAI-IL mitigates workforce polarization risks inherent to AI-deployment. We suggest that AI development needs deeply integration with human. By establishing technical benchmarks through dual-perspective measurement methodologies, HAI-IL moves beyond reactive human-AI interactions toward true mutual adaptation systems.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Education; Concepts and categories; Human-computer interaction; Learning"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rs6b2kf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Long","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50466/galley/38428/download/"}]},{"pk":50245,"title":"Towards a computational account of egodystonia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Egodystonia refers to thoughts and behaviors that conflict with one's values or beliefs, which is often observed in psychiatric conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While prior work has demonstrated dissociations between beliefs and actions (Vaghi et al., 2017, 2019), we lack a computational framework to explain the mechanisms underlying this mismatch. In a novel experiment combining behavior and subjective report, we induced egodystonic feelings in a healthy population with a range of obsessive-compulsive traits. Individuals scoring higher on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) reported greater egodystonic experiences. Egodystonicity was not influenced by reward availability or action rate, but was driven by perceived consequences of inaction, as captured by a computational model of the task. This study provides the first experimental evidence of induced egodystonia and offers a foundation for theoretical advances in understanding this phenomenon.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Action; Cognitive architectures; Emotion; Computational Modeling; Survey"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gw458nw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lucy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Tobias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hauser","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of TŸbingen","department":""},{"first_name":"Quentin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Huys","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50245/galley/38207/download/"}]},{"pk":49482,"title":"Towards a curriculum for neural networks to simulate symbolic arithmetic","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding and operating on multi-digit numbers is a critical step in the development of mathematical skills and concepts. Empirical and computational modeling evidence suggests that multi-digit numbers are processed decomposed into units, tens, hundreds, etc. for magnitude comparison. Yet, there is currently no computational model to simulate multi-digit number arithmetic. Accordingly, we developed a neural network model with three interconnected modules reflecting single-digit additions, recognition of a carry-over, and decision-making. We then compared model performance after following two training curricula: i) a \\textit{ step-by-step} curriculum, where single-digit addition are trained before progressing to multi-digit problems and ii) an \\textit{all-at-once} curriculum, where all modules of the model were trained simultaneously. Our results indicated that only the \\textit{step-by-step} curriculum made the model learn multi-digit addition successfully as reflected by replicating empirical effects of carry-over and problem size. These findings highlight the importance of structured, incremental learning in both cognitive modeling and education.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Learning; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dt3d93g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lozano","name_suffix":"","institution":"Complutense University of Madrid","department":""},{"first_name":"Markus","middle_name":"","last_name":"Spitzer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg","department":""},{"first_name":"Younes","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strittmatter","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Korbinian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moeller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Loughborough University","department":""},{"first_name":"Miguel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ruiz-Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"Complutense University de Madrid","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49482/galley/37444/download/"}]},{"pk":49442,"title":"Towards a Formal Theory of the Need for Competence via Computational Intrinsic Motivation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Computational modelling offers a powerful tool for formalising psychological theories, making them more transparent, testable, and applicable in digital contexts. Yet, the question often remains: how should one computationally model a theory? We provide a demonstration of how formalisms taken from artificial intelligence can offer a fertile starting point. Specifically, we focus on the \"need for competence\", postulated as a key basic psychological need within Self-Determination Theory (SDT)—arguably the most influential framework for intrinsic motivation (IM) in psychology. Recent research has identified multiple distinct facets of competence in key SDT texts: effectance, skill use, task performance, and capacity growth. We draw on the computational IM literature in reinforcement learning to suggest that different existing formalisms may be appropriate for modelling these different facets. Using these formalisms, we reveal underlying preconditions that SDT fails to make explicit, demonstrating how computational models can improve our understanding of IM. More generally, our work can support a cycle of theory development by inspiring new computational models, which can then be tested empirically to refine the theory. Thus, we provide a foundation for advancing competence-related theory in SDT and motivational psychology more broadly.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Intelligent agents; Skill acquisition and learning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq1x67v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erik","middle_name":"Matias","last_name":"Lintunen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aalto University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nadia","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Ady","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aalto University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sebastian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Deterding","name_suffix":"","institution":"Imperial College","department":""},{"first_name":"Christian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guckelsberger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aalto University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49442/galley/37404/download/"}]},{"pk":49416,"title":"Towards a Vision-Language Episodic Memory Framework: Large-scale Pretrained Model-Augmented Hippocampal Attractor Dynamics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Modeling episodic memory (EM) remains a significant challenge in both neuroscience and AI, with existing models either lacking interpretability or struggling with practical applications. This paper proposes the Vision-Language Episodic Memory (VLEM) framework to address these challenges by integrating large-scale pretrained models with hippocampal attractor dynamics. VLEM leverages the strong semantic understanding of pretrained models to transform sensory input into semantic embeddings as the neocortex, while the hippocampus supports stable memory storage and retrieval through attractor dynamics. In addition, VLEM incorporates prefrontal working memory and the entorhinal gateway, allowing interaction between the neocortex and the hippocampus. To facilitate real-world applications, we introduce EpiGibson, a 3D simulation platform for generating episodic memory data. Experimental results demonstrate the VLEM framework's ability to efficiently learn high-level temporal representations from sensory input, showcasing its robustness, interpretability, and applicability in real-world scenarios.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Neuroscience; Cognitive architectures; Memory"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hf7t8bb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of computer science","department":""},{"first_name":"Taiping","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Fudan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Xiangyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xue","name_suffix":"","institution":"Fudan University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jianfeng","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Fudan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49416/galley/37378/download/"}]},{"pk":49599,"title":"Towards Cognitive Synergy in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Theory of Mind and Critical Evaluation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recently, the field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has gained popularity as researchers are trying to develop artificial intelligence capable of efficient collective reasoning. Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in isolated tasks, yet struggle with higher-order cognition required for adaptive collaboration. Human teams achieve synergy not only through knowledge sharing, but also through recursive reasoning, structured critique, and the ability to infer others' mental states. Current artificial systems lack these essential mechanisms, limiting their ability to engage in sophisticated collective reasoning. This work explores cognitive processes that enable effective collaboration, focusing on adaptive theory of mind (ToM) and systematic critical evaluation. We investigate three key questions. First, how does the ability to model others' perspectives enhance coordination and reduce redundant reasoning? Second, to what extent does structured critique improve reasoning quality by identifying logical gaps and mitigating biases? Third, the interplay of these mechanisms can lead to emergent cognitive synergy, where the collective intelligence of the system exceeds the sum of its parts. Through an empirical case study on complex decision making, we show that the integration of these cognitive mechanisms leads to more coherent, adaptive, and rigorous agent interactions. This article contributes to the field of cognitive science and AI research by presenting a structured framework that emulates human-like collaborative reasoning MAS. It highlights the significance of dynamic ToM and critical evaluation in advancing multi-agent systems' ability to tackle complex, real-world challenges.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Intelligent agents; Reasoning; Theory of Mind; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20j8628c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"Tomasz","last_name":"Kostka","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warsaw University of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Jarosław","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Chudziak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Warsaw University of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49599/galley/37561/download/"}]},{"pk":50371,"title":"Tracing interactions between crosslinguistic differences and flavour perception","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examined if crosslinguistic labelling differences affect categorization and similarity ratings of food samples. In Experiment 1, we tested if linguistic encoding warps gustatory perception exhibited as language-induced biases in food similarity ratings. To illustrate, in Mandarin, ‘cherry' (樱桃/literally ‘baby peach') and ‘peach'/(桃) share the character 桃whereas ‘cherry' and ‘peach' are lexically distinct in English. We predicted biases in Mandarin speakers to judge flavours with character overlaps as relatively more similar. In Experiment 2, Mandarin and English native speakers (N=20/group), were given 16 triplets of food samples (e.g., apple/pear/pineapple) to perform ABX categorizations. If label overlaps affect perceptual categorization, we expected more frequent apple-pineapple-like categories in English than in Mandarin speakers. Contrary to predictions, language-specific overlap types did not significantly affect either similarity ratings or categorization patterns. We interpret these findings as absence of top-down linguistic modulation of chemosensory signal processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Language and thought; Perception; Sensory Processing; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ww5s3d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ziyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhuang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Auckland","department":""},{"first_name":"Danae","middle_name":"","last_name":"Larsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Auckland","department":""},{"first_name":"Norbert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vanek","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Auckland","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50371/galley/38333/download/"}]},{"pk":49993,"title":"Tracking Uncertainty During Uncertain Tracking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Multiple object tracking is often studied in settings where objects are largely observable. However, tracking often occurs in settings with much greater uncertainty. Objects can frequently go in and out of view, requiring us to constantly update our estimates of where things might be, and assess whether or not something new has appeared. To accomplish this, people need to rely on top-down inferences to fill in the gaps of uncertainty. To study this phenomenon, we introduce a novel ``firefly tracking\" paradigm, in which people need to estimate the quantity and dynamics of an unknown objects under highly sparse observations. We model human behavior on this task and demonstrate how probabilistic inference in a generative model captures human uncertainty during challenging tracking tasks.\n\n-------------------------------\nPaper available at https://yonifriedman.com/publications/CogSci2025_Tracking-Uncertainty.pdf","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Perception; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34r4z5k9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yoni","middle_name":"","last_name":"Friedman","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Matin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ghavami","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Maddy","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Bowers","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Bolton","name_suffix":"","institution":"CHI FRO","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Siegel","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Vikash","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mansinghka","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49993/galley/37955/download/"}]},{"pk":49214,"title":"Trade-Offs Between Tasks Induced by Capacity Constraints Bound the Scope of Intelligence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A core challenge in cognitive science is understanding the barriers to intelligence and the circumstances that favor cognitive specialization. General intelligence requires a cognitive architecture that is successful across tasks. However, improving an architecture for a given task is often observed to hinder performance on others. Although trade-offs between tasks are a recurring element of explanations in cognitive science, they have received little direct theoretical attention. We present a formal framework that provides a principled understanding of when trade-offs emerge. In particular, we build on recent advances in applying rate-distortion theory to reinforcement learning. This allows us to formalize the representational capacity an agent can call upon in approaching tasks in terms of information. We find trade-offs occur when components of a task conflict in ways that cannot be easily coarse-grained by the agent's encoding scheme. Further, cognition may be general, specialized, or implement a coverall strategy, depending on conditions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Biology; Computer Science; Psychology; Animal cognition; Cognitive architectures; Evolution; Representation; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hf5p1ht","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cameron","middle_name":"Rouse","last_name":"Turner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Dilip","middle_name":"","last_name":"Arumugam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Logan","middle_name":"Richard","last_name":"Nelson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49214/galley/37175/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49214/galley/38720/download/"}]},{"pk":49294,"title":"Trade-offs in posterior hippocampus versus medial prefrontal cortex mechanisms underlie memory precision in childhood","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Hippocampal subregions and medial prefrontal cortex may differentially shape memory precision in the mature brain: While anterior and posterior hippocampus may store the general themes and specific details of an episode, respectively, medial prefrontal cortex may instead connect related memories. However, given continued change to the functionality of these regions beyond childhood, it is unclear how children's memory precision is influenced by these same mechanisms. We characterized how hippocampal subregions and medial prefrontal cortex separately and in tandem encourage memory precision in childhood versus adulthood. Children (7-9 years old) and adults studied scene photographs and then performed a recognition test that included both the studied scenes and highly similar lures. Behaviourally, adults had more precise memories than children in that they were better able to discriminate studied scenes from lures. At the neural level, anterior hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex were differently engaged during this memory formation: Anterior hippocampus engagement was related to subsequent memory across age groups, while children showed greater medial prefrontal cortex engagement than adults overall when studying scenes. Considering individual differences in engagement revealed further developmental differences. Children showed evidence for a trade-off in their reliance on posterior hippocampus versus medial prefrontal cortex during precise memory formation, suggesting competition between these regions. By contrast, the same structures in adults played a more cooperative role in supporting memory precision. These findings suggest that the relationship between posterior hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex reverses over development to yield adult-like memory precision, such that these regions work in opposition in childhood before becoming specialized to cooperatively encourage precision in adulthood.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Development; Memory; fMRI"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q47956r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sagana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vijayarajah","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Margaret","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Schlichting","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49294/galley/37255/download/"}]},{"pk":49971,"title":"Training Methods in Categorization: A Comparison of Classification and Observation on Rule Adoption and Rule Consistency","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study compares classification and observation training in categorization tasks involving multiple rules, including an optimal XOR rule and suboptimal uni-dimensional rules. Participants (N = 192) were assigned to either condition, with classification involving active categorization and feedback, while observation involved studying the pair of category label and item together. Results showed that classification participants outperformed observation participants in accuracy and exhibited greater consistency in strategy use. Bayesian modeling revealed no significant difference in rule adoption between conditions, but classification led to fewer strategy switches and lower error rates. These findings suggest that classification training enhances performance by fostering stronger commitment to adopted strategies. The study highlights the importance of strategy commitment in categorization and questions the reliance on overall accuracy alone as a performance metric.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51d9m7cs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yu-Wei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kalish","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Corral","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49971/galley/37933/download/"}]},{"pk":49735,"title":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Modeling Alzheimer's Disease: A Neural Dynamics Approach with Pre-training","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. While transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated therapeutic potential, its underlying mechanisms and personalized applications are not yet fully explored. This study integrates deep learn-ing with neurodynamics, employing a pretrained resting-state AD self-supervised model to constrain dynamic train-ing and simulate TMS-induced neural dynamics in AD pa-tients. The results reveal regional heterogeneity, showing enhanced excitability in stimulated regions, in contrast to reduced global neural dynamics. We identified significant differences in brain responses between AD patients and healthy controls, which provide critical theoretical support for developing TMS treatment strategies. These insights ad-vance the understanding of AD pathophysiology and high-light the potential of TMS interventions, which may lead to more effective therapeutic approaches.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Cognitive development; Brain Stimulation; Computational Modeling; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xv9h475","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"guowei","middle_name":"","last_name":"huang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","department":""},{"first_name":"Yin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49735/galley/37697/download/"}]},{"pk":49306,"title":"Transmission of Natural and Supernatural Explanations by Hindu and Muslim Schoolchildren in Gujarat, India","subtitle":null,"abstract":"What determines which stories (or parts of stories) about the social world are captured and conveyed by children? How do they transform with retelling? We use an iterated learning paradigm to explore how peer-to-peer transmission of explanatory stories (here, explanations for the social customs of novel social groups) is influenced by explanatory framework (natural, supernatural, or hybrid) and children's existing belief systems. \nOur participants were 69 Hindu and Muslim 3rd-7th-graders in Gujarat, India. Consistent with the `minimally counterintuitive' nature of many highly culturally preserved concepts, hybrid explanations (containing both natural and supernatural elements) were transmitted with the greatest fidelity across chains. Individual religiosity also affected transmission: children who reported themselves as more religious transmitted scientific explanations less faithfully (and hybrid explanations more faithfully) than less religious children.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Culture; Language and thought; Learning; Memory; Social cognition; Cross-cultural analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vh1h81k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ruthe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foushee","name_suffix":"","institution":"New School for Social Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"NASA","department":""},{"first_name":"Mahesh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Srinivasan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49306/galley/37267/download/"}]},{"pk":50360,"title":"Triadic comparisons reveal representational motifs in human color perception.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"While individual differences have been found in many aspects of color perception, it is unclear whether mental representations of color vary between individuals in a structured way. To test for structured variability, we collected perceptual similarity judgments for 58 colors in a triadic-comparisons procedure, and from each participant's judgments, embedded the colors into a personalized three-dimensional space. The personalized embedding predicted a participant's similarity judgments on held-out items significantly better than did (a) embeddings from other participants, suggesting reliable individual differences in perceived color similarity (p &lt; 0.0001), and (b) color coordinates in a standardized perceptual color space (CIELAB; p &lt; 0.0005). Across individuals, embedding structure did not vary randomly but fell into two clusters, one encompassing more distinct color categories and the other a more continuous perceptual space. The results suggest the existence of previously unrecognized \"motifs\" in how people represent colors.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Perception; Representation; Vision"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/675702mb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Clementine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zimnicki","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","department":""},{"first_name":"Timothy","middle_name":"T","last_name":"Rogers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin- Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50360/galley/38322/download/"}]},{"pk":49189,"title":"Two paths to variation in semantic judgments: How ambiguity and conceptual diversity drive individual differences in meaning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why do individuals differ in the way they assign semantic labels to the same perceptual referent? One possible source of disagreement is referential ambiguity, where stimuli near category boundaries are harder to label. Another is latent diversity in conceptual representations, leading to labeling differences even for confidently categorized referents. To distinguish between these sources of variation, we used Gibbs Sampling to search through the multidimensional Chernoff face space to find faces that are prototypically happy or sad, or ambiguous (Experiment 1, N = 253). Then in Experiment 2 (N = 684), we asked a naive group of participants to rate the emotions of these faces, finding that ambiguous faces elicited greater individual differences in valence interpretation and a medium level of variation when being labeled using basic emotional terms. Simultaneously, even well-categorized happy and sad faces triggered variability in their consensus labels, though showing less disagreement when mapped onto an obviously inappropriate label. These findings suggest that both categorical boundaries and within-category variability shape individual differences in semantic interpretation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mt887ck","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Di","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","department":""},{"first_name":"Raja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marjieh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hawkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49189/galley/37150/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49189/galley/38695/download/"}]},{"pk":49741,"title":"Two Stage Psychology-Guided Fine-Grained Editing and Sampling Approach for Mitigating Hallucination in Large Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The hallucination issue in large language models (LLMs) significantly restricts their application in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, cognitive science and law. Existing approaches primarily focus on data optimization or decoding strategies but lack a fine-grained analysis of the underlying mechanisms of hallucinations. This paper proposes a psychology-guided two-stage fine-grained editing and sampling framework (PGFES), which, for the first time, introduces psychological classifications of hallucinations into LLM optimization. Firstly, an attention-augmented MLP probe is designed to identify \"truthfulness directions\" corresponding to different hallucination types through feature channel reweighting, enabling fine-grained editing of the model's internal representations during inference. Then, a dynamic weighting mechanism based on Jaccard similarity is employed to compute the weights of multi-path edited outputs, achieving adaptive sampling. Experiments demonstrate that the optimization method incorporating psychology-related concepts improves truthfulness by 20.4% on the TruthfulQA open-domain question-answering task compared to baseline models and exhibits strong generalization across cross-domain datasets.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Language Production; Natural Language Processing"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gn8m1qq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","department":""},{"first_name":"Xiaohua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Electronic Science and technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Zihan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiong","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","department":""},{"first_name":"Xuanshuo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kang","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49741/galley/37703/download/"}]},{"pk":49831,"title":"Typicality biases in interpreting unmarked sentences: an artificial language learning experiment on differential argument marking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many languages exhibit Differential Argument Marking (DAM), where nouns are marked for their grammatical role only in certain contexts. DAM is subdivided into Differential Object Marking (DOM) and Differential Subject Marking (DSM), both of which are conditioned by factors such as animacy across languages and hypothesized to arise via ambiguity avoidance and tendencies to mark atypical situations. While previous studies have primarily focused on production, this study employs artificial language learning to investigate comprehension in both DOM and DSM, examining whether learners rely on typicality biases for grammatical role assignment in unmarked sentences, and whether the type of marking learned affects their interpretation. Results indicate a strong givenness effect and a smaller animacy effect, with no significant differences between DOM and DSM conditions. These findings suggest that typicality biases play a key role in shaping DAM systems and that their emergence is best understood as a communicative phenomenon.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Morphology; Pragmatics; Syntax"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hc1g645","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jesse","middle_name":"","last_name":"Holmes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tartu","department":""},{"first_name":"Virve-Anneli","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vihman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tartu","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49831/galley/37793/download/"}]},{"pk":49302,"title":"Understanding Human Heuristics in Context-Sensitive Image Captioning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent studies highlight the context sensitivity of image captioning, where the context in which an image appears strongly influences its caption's informativeness and linguistic style. While AI-generated text increasingly resembles human language, its informativeness and coherence, derived from cross-modal image-text reasoning, may still fall short of content generated by human experts. Given the intertwined nature of informativeness and linguistic style, this study examines news image captioning, a naturally high-context task, to manipulate caption informativeness and assess human sensitivity to such variations. Two experiments (N = 378) and logistic regression analyses reveal that while humans effectively interpret informational cues, their intuition about AI linguistic style often diverges from actual AI language markers. Moreover, humans more readily integrate multiple modalities in preference tasks but rely heavily on linguistic-based strategies for AI detection. These findings underscore the adaptability of human evaluation in image-text systems and suggest informative signals as the more reliable basis for judgment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Behavioral Science; Human-computer interaction; Language Production"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x4796vt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yanru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jiang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Rick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dale","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":""},{"first_name":"Hongjing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49302/galley/37263/download/"}]},{"pk":49613,"title":"Understanding is Seeing: Metaphorical and Visual Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Drawing from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the\nStructure-Mapping Theory, this paper introduces two exploratory works in the field of metaphorical and visual reasoning using vision models and multimodal large language models. (i) The Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Prompting for\nMetaphor Generation task aimed to generate metaphorical linguistic expressions from non-metaphorical images by using the\nmultimodal LLaVA 1.5 model and the two-step approach of multimodal chain-of-thought prompting. The results showed\nthe model's ability to generate metaphorical expressions, as\n92% of them were classified as metaphors by human evaluators. Additionally, the evaluation revealed interesting patterns\nin terms of metaphoricity, familiarity and appeal scores across\nthe generated metaphors. (ii) The Metaphorical Visual Analogy (MeVA) task consisted in solving visual analogies of the\nkind \"source_domain : target_domain :: source_element : ?\"\nby choosing the correct target element among three difficult\ndistractors, varying in semantic domains and roles. The results showed that all six models and humans performed higher\nthan chance level, with only GPT-4o and ConvNeXt achieving higher than humans. Moreover, the error analysis showed\nthat, in solving the analogies, the most frequent error was the\nselection of distractor 1. These works showed encouraging results for future research in the field of metaphorical and visual\nreasoning, contributing to the broader question of whether AI\nmodels serve as empirical tests of existing cognitive theories.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Analogy; Creativity; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zd9598p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sofia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lugli","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Trento","department":""},{"first_name":"Carlo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strapparava","name_suffix":"","institution":"FBK-Irst","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49613/galley/37575/download/"}]},{"pk":50117,"title":"Understanding Quantifier Scope with Large Language Models: How Many Children Climbed Trees?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Sentences with multiple quantifiers often lead to interpretive ambiguities, which can vary across languages. This study adopts a cross-linguistic approach to examine how large language models handle quantifier scope interpretation in English and Chinese, using probabilities to assess interpretive likelihood. Humanlikeness scores were used to quantify the extent to which LLMs emulate human performance across language groups. Results reveal that most LLMs prefer SS interpretations, aligning with human tendencies, while only some differentiate between English and Chinese in IS preferences, reflecting human-like patterns. Humanlikeness scores highlight variability in LLMs' approximation of human behavior, but their overall potential is notable. Differences in model architecture, scale, and pretraining data, particularly models' pre-training data language background, significantly influence how closely LLMs approximate human quantifier scope interpretations. Deepseek-R1 was also explored for its potential in handling quantifier scope in English and Chinese.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Semantics of language; Computational Modeling; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bw6j035","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shaohua","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Purdue University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yue","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Purdue University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Purdue University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50117/galley/38079/download/"}]},{"pk":49865,"title":"Understanding Task Representations in Neural Networks via Bayesian Ablation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Neural networks are powerful tools for cognitive modeling due to their flexibility and emergent properties. However, interpreting their learned representations remains challenging due to their sub-symbolic semantics. In this work, we introduce a novel probabilistic framework for interpreting latent task representations in neural networks. \nInspired by Bayesian inference, our approach defines a distribution over representational units to infer their causal contributions to task performance. Using ideas from information theory, we propose a suite of tools and metrics to illuminate key model properties, including representational distributedness, manifold complexity, and polysemanticity.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Representation; Bayesian modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51v69326","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nam","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Declan","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Campbell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cohen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah-jane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leslie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49865/galley/37827/download/"}]},{"pk":50208,"title":"Understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind groupitizing in early education","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Groupitizing, the ability to use perceptual grouping to facilitate enumeration, appears with schooling and predicts math achievement (Guillaume et al., 2023). Our study (Spring 2025) investigates the cognitive mechanisms underlying its development and enhancement during early education.\n\nWe propose that groupitizing among young children involves two core processes: (i) subitizing to identify the numerosity of small subgroups and (ii) using perceptual grouping to perform mental arithmetic, such as addition or multiplication.\n\nTo test this hypothesis, children from kindergarten through second grade will perform an enumeration task involving dot sets organized into various grouping structures (subgroups with equal or differing numerosity) and various grouping patterns (subgroups with consistent or varied shapes). Response times and error patterns will be analyzed, alongside children's counting knowledge, arithmetic skills and math achievement.\n\nOur results aim to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying groupitizing across development, and the links between foundational perceptual skills and higher-order mathematical reasoning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Cognitive development; Skill acquisition and learning; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fd5q7zx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Syalie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"UniversitŽ Paris CitŽ","department":""},{"first_name":"Lorenzo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ciccione","name_suffix":"","institution":"CEA, INSERM, UniversitŽ Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center","department":""},{"first_name":"Cassandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Potier-Watkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Coll�ge de France","department":""},{"first_name":"Lubineau","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marie","name_suffix":"","institution":"UniversitŽ Paris Sciences & Lettres","department":""},{"first_name":"Stanislas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dehaene","name_suffix":"","institution":"Coll�ge de France","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50208/galley/38170/download/"}]},{"pk":49987,"title":"Understanding the heterogeneity in learning mental actions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Individuals who can easily learn from the consequences of their mental actions are more likely to benefit from Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, which seek to replace maladaptive mental behavior with adaptive mental behavior. Although learning the optimal mental (cognitive) action is harder than learning the optimal motor (overt) action in general, not all individuals show this trend (Hitchcock &amp; Frank, 2024). In this study, our goal is to understand the source of this heterogeneity so as to facilitate the targeted deployment of CBT to individuals who are most likely to benefit from it. To address our goal, the original task (Hitchcock &amp; Frank, 2024) was modified with the aim of improving the internal consistency to allow measuring individual differences more robustly. We also collected data on candidate individual differences—working memory capacity, and traits such as perseverative thinking, the need for cognition, inattentiveness, and cognitive ability—to investigate whether these measures could predict differences in performance. Split-half reliability improved for most conditions in the current task and remained the same for one condition compared to the original task. Although participants were better at learning the optimal overt action compared to the optimal cognitive action in both training (p &lt; 0.001) and test phases (p = 0.006), replicating the original results, performance in the cognitive condition was numerically higher than overt condition in 37% of the participants in the training phase and 38% of the participants in the testing phase, indicating similar heterogeneity across participants as in the original study. The need for cognition measure predicted higher accuracy in the cognitive (than overt condition) in the training phase (p = 0.046) and in the test phase (p = 0.001). This finding, if replicated, has important clinical implications as it could help identify patients who are most likely to benefit from interventions that rely on learning adaptive cognitive actions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Computer-based experiment; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k70k053","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sandarsh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pandey","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mina","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Chang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""},{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hitchcock","name_suffix":"","institution":"Emory University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49987/galley/37949/download/"}]},{"pk":50150,"title":"Understanding the Impact of Metacognitive Ability on Decision-Making with Causal Diagrams","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People use their knowledge to evaluate information and make decisions. Yet this knowledge may be faulty, like many lay beliefs on health remedies. This can lead to incorrect decisions and choosing ineffective interventions. While people often overestimate their knowledge, as shown in prior research, less is known about how metacognitive factors such as perceived versus actual knowledge interact with new information we receive during decision-making. Prior work has found that the simplest causal models are most helpful for everyday decisions, but did not examine the role of people's existing knowledge. To address this gap, we conducted an online experiment to examine how metacognitive abilities influence decision-making with causal diagrams for Type 2 diabetes management. Actual knowledge positively predicted decision-making accuracy, while perceived knowledge had a negative effect, and simpler diagrams led to higher accuracy regardless of prior knowledge. We discuss the implications of our findings for designing decision support interventions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Human Factors; Survey"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sv5w718","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Korshakova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stevens Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Samantha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kleinberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stevens Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50150/galley/38112/download/"}]},{"pk":49672,"title":"Understanding Visual Representation of Linear Models:  A Comparison of Real Students and ChatGPT","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The rise of ChatGPT has sparked interest among educators in integrating it into teaching and learning. However, effective teaching requires a deep understanding that allows instructors to use multiple representations to support comprehension and address students' misconceptions. Before relying on ChatGPT as a teaching tool, it is crucial to assess its ability to interpret multiple representations. This study evaluates ChatGPT's understanding of the fundamental statistical concept \"data = model + error,\" which underpins a number of statistical analyses in introductory statistics courses. Through tasks involving graphical representations, we qualitatively examined GPT models' understanding and compared their strengths and limitations to those of students. The results showed that while ChatGPT demonstrated competence in certain areas, it also exhibited misunderstandings—some resembling students' and others unique to the models themselves.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Education; Learning; Representation; Comparative Analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zg8711g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Ji","middle_name":"","last_name":"Son","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cal State University, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stigler","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49672/galley/37634/download/"}]},{"pk":50224,"title":"Understanding working memory as a facilitator of math learning: Offloading as a potential strategy","subtitle":null,"abstract":"High working memory capacity (WMC) is linked with stronger mathematical abilities; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One theory suggests that problem solvers may offload information from their working memory in order to reduce cognitive load to solve problems more effectively. We investigated whether the use of offloading improved problem-solving skills. Ninety-three undergraduate students were administered a pre-test and WMC tasks. Participants were then split into two conditions, offloading or no-offloading, and were administered a post-test. ANOVA results indicated that while both groups improved, the offloading group showed greater improvement. Participants with lower WMC performed better when offloading, but there was no significant interaction between WMC and condition. Additionally, pre-test moderated the effect of offloading, suggesting students might benefit from offloading with greater prior knowledge. These findings have theoretical implications for mechanisms underlying the relationship between working memory and mathematics, and how to support students in classrooms.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Behavioral Science"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fw2z46k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ayanna","middle_name":"B","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Katie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Torres","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moberley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Cheyenne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Paw","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Medrano","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Dana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miller-Cotto","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50224/galley/38186/download/"}]},{"pk":49690,"title":"Understand Intrinsic Motivation in Causal Learning Through Exploration","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic motivation plays a crucial role in shaping exploration and learning, yet its specific contributions to causal discovery remain underexplored. This study examines the impact of three intrinsic motivation metrics—entropy, information gain, and empowerment—on causal learning outcomes. Across two experiments, participants engaged in interactive tasks requiring them to infer causal structures through exploration. Results indicate that information gain and empowerment significantly predict learning success, whereas broad, undirected exploration (entropy) does not. These findings suggest that learners optimize causal discovery by prioritizing actions that maximize information and control, rather than engaging in indiscriminate exploration. Our study offers insights into how strategic exploration facilitates causal reasoning and how these principles can be applied to machine learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zq7p8fp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Fei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Alison","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gopnik","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49690/galley/37652/download/"}]},{"pk":50035,"title":"Unified Fusion Network Model for EEG Signals","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology emphasize the need to understand brain signals in emotions and social interactions. Electroencephalograms (EEG) are essential for analyzing brain activity and diagnosing neurological disorders but suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios and high noise levels, hindering accurate interpretation. To address this, we propose a unified information-theoretic framework for optimizing EEG signal representation and fusion learning. Guided by this framework, we developed EEG-FNN, a Fusion Neural Network model that integrates raw EEG data with Gramian Angular Field (GAF) transformations through an innovative attention-driven fusion technique. This approach captures diverse neural activity patterns, significantly improving the ability to distinguish neurological states. Experimental validation on short-duration BCI and long-duration clinical datasets demonstrates that EEG-FNN outperforms existing methods, achieving higher accuracy and robustness, thus confirming its potential as a reliable tool for EEG analysis.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Human-computer interaction; Machine learning; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qm821sr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chunchang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Shangyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50035/galley/37997/download/"}]},{"pk":49743,"title":"Unifying inference and selection in singular causal explanation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Explaining why events occurred involves solving different information-processing problems: inferring what actually happened (causal inference) but also highlighting a subset of the causes that contributed to the outcome (causal selection). While past research has investigated causal inference and causal selection separately, we report results of an experiment (N=284) examining how people solve both problems jointly, as is the case in real-world explanation settings. We find evidence that participants infer the state of unobserved variables on the basis of available evidence, and observe common behavioral signatures of causal selection. However, explanation preferences deviate in important ways from the predictions of a computational model combining existing theories of causal inference and causal selection. In particular, participants were disproportionately likely to select inferred over observed variables. We suggest a possible preference for producing explanations that allow the explainee to benefit from inferential work performed by the explainer.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b71002j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Droop","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Tadeg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quillien","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bramley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49743/galley/37705/download/"}]},{"pk":50177,"title":"Units of representation: Children's perception of number in the \"connectedness illusion\"","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The developmental and evolutionary origins of abstract number reasoning have long been debated. Central to this debate is the underlying unit: whether the quantitative reasoning observed in infants and animals necessitates truly numeric object-level representation or can instead be inferred from covarying low-level spatial frequency. Recent studies with adults rely on the \"connectedness illusion\" to dissociate cardinality from spatial frequency, suggesting object-level representation is fundamental. However, whether these representations exist early in development remains underexplored.\nWe use the connectedness illusion to test whether 3–6-year-old children enumerate objects or spatial frequency. Children complete a non-symbolic comparison task modeled after He et al. (2009). On 50% of trials, two dots are connected by a line, forming a \"barbell.\" Results show that, like adults, children underestimate connected displays despite instructions to ignore the connections. These findings suggest that object-level representations, rather than low-level spatial frequency, underlie children's quantitative reasoning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Perception; Representation; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fb0x764","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eloise","middle_name":"","last_name":"West","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","department":""},{"first_name":"Darko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Odic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50177/galley/38139/download/"}]},{"pk":50157,"title":"Universals in Visual Word Recognition: Investigating the Optimal Viewing Position for Visual Words in Hindi","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Optimal Viewing Position (Nazir, Heller &amp;\nSussman, 1992; Brysbaert &amp; Nazir, 2005) for reading\nvisual words is well studied and documented in most\nof alphabetic languages (Grainger, 2022). The\ncurrent study investigates the optimal viewing\nposition in Hindi, written using the Devanagari\nscript in attempt to understand reading universals\nacross scripts as suggested by Frost (20120. We\ncarried out two experiments using the lexical\ndecision task, one each on words with maatraa (3, 4\nand 5 varna) and without maatraa (2, 3, and 4 varna).\nMaatras are diacritics used to manifest vowel\npronunciations with aksharas in Hindi and can be be\nmarked all around the base akshara, adding to the\ngraphemic complexity of a Hindi word (for a detail\nreview see, Share et al., 2015; Rimzhim et al., 2021;\nVerma et al., 2021). The results demonstrate robust\noptimal viewing position effects in terms of reaction\ntimes with a U-shaped curve in relation to initial\nfixation position and the optimal viewing position\nhas been found to be slightly left to the centre of the\nword. These seem to be similar to the OVP findings\nreported for European languages (Brysbaert &amp; Nazir,\n2005) and may add information about reading\nuniversals across scripts and writing systems.\nKeywords: Optimal Viewing Position, Hindi,\nLexical Decision Task","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reading; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zm1z39s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Prajna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sinha","name_suffix":"","institution":"University Of Hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Tvadeeya","middle_name":"Dharmesh","last_name":"Shah","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Forensic Sciences University","department":""},{"first_name":"Poonam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yadav","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Forensic Sciences University","department":""},{"first_name":"Anurag","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khare","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Ark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50157/galley/38119/download/"}]},{"pk":49844,"title":"Unmasking political deception: Investigating the Discernment and Emotional Impact of Deepfake Political Speeches Featuring American Presidential Candidates","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Deepfake videos challenge the quality of information in deliberative democracies. In a mixed-methods study, we examine the role of emotions in the detection of political deepfakes by focusing on trust, empathy, and inspiration to assess how deepfakes influence public perception and engagement with political communication. The research unfolds in two phases: an initial qualitative investigation through 3 focus groups (N = 13), followed by a quantitative survey (N = 261) where focus group insights inform the design and interpretation of the quantitative study. Participants were exposed to real, ChatGPT-generated, and historical speeches presented in modern contexts to gauge perceived authenticity and emotional responses, including trust, empathy, and inspiration. Results indicate no significant difference in perceived authenticity between real and deepfake content, with both eliciting comparable emotional reactions. The quantitative analysis reveals a marginal negative correlation between exposure to deepfakes and trust in political communication. Qualitative findings emphasize the influence of contextual cues and pre-existing biases, showing participants often prioritized emotional resonance over technical accuracy when evaluating content. The study highlights the intricate relationship between AI-generated media and public perception, underscoring the necessity for nuanced regulatory policies and improved media literacy to mitigate the impact of Deepfakes on public trust.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Human-computer interaction"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zc6c210","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eliza","middle_name":"","last_name":"Solomon","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics","department":""},{"first_name":"Jens","middle_name":"Koed","last_name":"Madsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics","department":""},{"first_name":"Edoardo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zulato","name_suffix":"","institution":"London School of Economics","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49844/galley/37806/download/"}]},{"pk":49557,"title":"Unveiling Cultural Cognition in AI: A Systematic Investigation of Horizontal-Vertical Individualism-Collectivism Traits in Large Language Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the Horizontal-Vertical Individualism-Collectivism (HVIC) traits of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing the gap in understanding their cultural and social cognition. HVIC, a cross-cultural psychology framework, offers insights into cognitive patterns shaped by culture. We systematically evaluate multiple LLMs using quantitative (INDCOL scale) method, assessing their intrinsic HVIC traits and ability to simulate cultural and gender-based differences. Our findings reveal LLMs' capacity to capture HVIC nuances, providing a unique lens for studying human cognition through human-LLM comparisons. This research contributes to developing culturally sensitive AI systems and offers new perspectives on human HVIC traits, advancing both theoretical understanding and practical applications of AI.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Sociology; Social cognition; Cross-cultural analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32w5b45x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Xu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tang","name_suffix":"","institution":"SouthEastUniversity","department":""},{"first_name":"Yifan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zeng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","department":""},{"first_name":"Fangzhou","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49557/galley/37519/download/"}]},{"pk":49780,"title":"U.S. adults' beliefs and explanations about health disparities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Public health data highlight disease outcome disparities corresponding to age, social class, and race, which are due to biological, behavioral, and/or structural factors (depending on the disparity). We examined whether adults are aware of these disparities and how they explain them. This study recruited U.S. adults (N = 241) through Mechanical Turk and examined whether they thought that there was a relation between social categories and illness. We examined their judgments and explanations for transmitting and contracting COVID-19 or the common cold. We found that adults thought that older adults and poor people were more likely than younger adults and rich people to get sick, whereas younger adults were more likely than older adults to transmit disease. People relied on biological explanations for disparities due to age, and structural explanations for disparities due to social class. However, the results for race were more mixed, suggesting that people do not always assume that social categories are related to illness.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Causal reasoning; Concepts and categories; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nm8j7js","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Menendez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Cruz","department":""},{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Labotka","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Valerie A.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Umscheid","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gelman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49780/galley/37742/download/"}]},{"pk":49337,"title":"Usage frequency predicts lexicalization across languages","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Languages are more likely to have lexical items for some concepts (e.g. CHILD) than others (e.g. PARENT). We propose that the communicative need of a concept influences how often it is lexicalized across languages, and test the hypothesis that usage frequency (which also reflects communicative need) predicts  lexicalization across languages. Our analyses consider more than a thousand concepts, and demonstrate that  average usage frequency across dozens of languages is a relatively good predictor of the typological prevalence of lexicalization across hundreds of languages. This finding implies that cross-linguistic regularities in lexicalization can be attributed in part to shared communicative need across cultures.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Anthropology; Linguistics; Concepts and categories; Semantics of language; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Abstracts with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m3870tq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Temuulen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khishigsuren","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Francis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mollica","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Ekaterina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vylomova","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Melbourne","department":""},{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kemp","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49337/galley/37298/download/"}]},{"pk":49732,"title":"Using Cross-Domain Data to Predict Syllogistic Reasoning Behavior","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans can reason across multiple domains (e.g., syllogistic, conditional, relational reasoning). Previous research has often investigated these domains in isolation, hence often identifying domain-specific strategies. A fundamental question in cognitive science is, however, if we apply rather a more general reasoning process or more domain-specific mechanisms. To approach this question and allow for analyses and modeling across domains, we first present a general data set that is well-grounded in the state-of-art of reasoning research and covers not only syllogistic, conditional and spatial reasoning, but also includes a test battery (e.g., memory). Second, we investigate relationships between the domains and present a preliminary step towards cross-domain modeling by predicting an individuals' syllogistic conclusion based on behavior observed in the other domains. Our results show that domains are heavily interrelated with subtle differences between domains, highlighting the need for explanations that integrate subtle domain-specific strategies in a general theory of human reasoning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reasoning; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9044188w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brand","name_suffix":"","institution":"Chemnitz University of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Marco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ragni","name_suffix":"","institution":"TU Chemnitz","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49732/galley/37694/download/"}]},{"pk":50120,"title":"Using Erroneous Worked-out Examples for Supporting Collaborative Learning: An Investigation Based on the Cognitive Model of Link Errors using ACT-R","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Considering the effect of collaborative learning based on the Interactive-Constructive-Active-Passive (ICAP) theory, learners can deepen their understanding by engaging in interactive activities in which they elaborate their knowledge by integrating others' elaborated knowledge. However, it is unclear from the comparison between worked-out and erroneous worked-out examples whether they facilitate interactive and deepen understanding. Therefore, this study examines the effects of erroneous worked-out examples in collaborative learning. We employed a cognitive model based on Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) to present concept map examples based on learners' relevant knowledge. Errors were adopted link error because links are important for understanding knowledge. The results showed that the worked-out example improved learning performance, but did not facilitate the collaborative learning process. Moreover, the erroneous worked-out example enhanced learning performance by facilitating interactive. These results provide insights into the effect of an erroneous worked-out example and a strategy for presenting it.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Human-computer interaction; Instruction and teaching; Statistics; Symbolic computational modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9468h8w2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shigen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shimojo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization","department":""},{"first_name":"Yugo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hayashi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ritsumeikan University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50120/galley/38082/download/"}]},{"pk":49560,"title":"Using Exploratory Learning Methods to Challenge Sociopolitical Beliefs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Exploratory learning before instruction has been effectively employed in STEM education to promote deeper conceptual understanding. However, its application to sociopolitical reasoning is underexplored. This research investigated whether exploratory learning can mitigate biased information processing, fostering more reflective evaluation of counter-attitudinal sociopolitical information. We examined how the order in which participants engaged with exploratory (data table) versus directly persuasive (verbal message) stimuli influenced the strength and confidence in sociopolitical beliefs. Participants reported increased support for positions they had initially opposed, and to large effect, regardless of stimuli order. However, an interaction of time and order on confidence levels hinted at potential metacognitive benefits for participants who explored first. Exploratory learning may be less beneficial in the context of sociopolitical decision making—at least when individuals are likely to update their beliefs anyway. However, exploratory learning might impact individuals' metacognition when the messenger contradicts their political position.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Social cognition; Knowledge representation"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w0247k9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"E","last_name":"French","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisville","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"DeCaro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisville","department":""},{"first_name":"Marci S.","middle_name":"","last_name":"DeCaro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Louisville","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49560/galley/37522/download/"}]},{"pk":49989,"title":"Using Gesture and Language to Establish Multimodal Conventions in Collaborative Physical Tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A quintessential feature of human intelligence is the ability to create ad-hoc conventions over time to accomplish shared goals efficiently. Prior research has primarily focused on unimodal communication or communication mediated by a 2D screen. We study how multimodal communication using gesture and language changes during physical collaboration. We paired human participants and used augmented reality to isolate voice and hand gestures. One participant saw a 3D virtual tower and provided instructions to the other participant, who constructed the physical tower. Participants became faster and more accurate by forming conventions that made use of both gestural and linguistic abstractions. Redundancy was used to emphasize a change in the established convention. Based on these findings, we extend unimodal probabilistic models of convention formation to multimodal settings while capturing various modality preferences. Our work serves as a building block for convention-aware and physically situated intelligent agents.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Pragmatics; Social cognition; Computational Modeling; Gesture analysis; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vd669wr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kiyosu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maeda","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ching-Yi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tsai","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Parastoo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abtahi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49989/galley/37951/download/"}]},{"pk":49141,"title":"Using Goal-Incidental Attributes to Assess the Relationship Between Selective Attention and Attribute Centrality","subtitle":null,"abstract":"As we interact with the world, we learn how to allocate our attention effectively to achieve our goals. In this study, participants' eye movements were tracked as they engaged in a same-different task with novel stimuli. Participants then completed a goal-directed task using physical copies of the items. In the task, the goal-relevance of the attributes varied. This was followed by a second block of the same-different task. We analyzed how attention to the goal-relevant, goal-incidental, and goal-irrelevant attributes of the items shifted from the initial block of the same-different task to the second. The gaze patterns clearly distinguished between the goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant attributes. However, there was no distinction between the goal-relevant and goal-incidental attributes. We discuss the implications for understanding how goal-directed interactions shape attentional allocation and how this relates to what people learn about the items.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18g9f42q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chin-Parker","name_suffix":"","institution":"Denison University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49141/galley/37102/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49141/galley/38647/download/"}]},{"pk":49652,"title":"Using Head-Mounted Eye Tracking to Examine Infant Face Looking During Naturalistic Freeplay","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Infants' attention to faces is a critical component of social development, yet little is known about how face looking unfolds during real-world interactions. Using head-mounted eye tracking and computer vision, we investigated the availability of faces in infants' field of view and their face-looking behaviors while playing with caregivers. Faces were visible only 23% of the time, and even then, infants looked at them only 19% of the time. Time series analyses revealed that face visibility is unrelated to face looking; Infants orient their head and body to bring a face into view when they intend to look at it, rather than looking because a face is present. Face looking is related to the face's visual properties and is only slightly influenced by parents' face looking. These findings highlight the active nature of infant face looking and suggest that it is shaped by both visual features and infants' own interest.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive development; Perception; Social cognition; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z48j6zc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brianna","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Kaplan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"Elton","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martinez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"Chen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Austin","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49652/galley/37614/download/"}]},{"pk":49750,"title":"Using Network Science to Measure Centrality and Standardness in Event Knowledge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An important issue in event cognition concerns how activities come to mind when people think about events (eat at a restaurant). Linear theories suggest that people think of activities in a temporally linear order, whereas hierarchical theories suggest that activities come to mind based on their centrality (i.e., importance). The current study used five network science centrality measures (CheiRank, PageRank, 2D Rank, Betweenness, and Closeness) derived from 80 temporally structured event networks to predict participants' centrality and standardness rankings and ratings. Participants were provided with 40 events and 4-10 activities per event, and ranked or rated each activity's centrality or standardness. Linear mixed-effect regression showed that CheiRank, which assigns importance to activities that have many influential outgoing links, was the strongest predictor. This suggests that people's understanding of centrality relates to the degree to which an activity leads to other activities, supporting hierarchical models and the Event Horizon Model.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Event cognition; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/882206nj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mackenzie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bain","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Martha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valmana Crocker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Beatrice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valmana Crocker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"Oregon State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kara","middle_name":"E","last_name":"Hannah","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Ken","middle_name":"","last_name":"McRae","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49750/galley/37712/download/"}]},{"pk":50133,"title":"Using Tools From Animal Psychology to Measure Metacognition in Artificial Intelligence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Metacognition is the ability to monitor one's cognitive processes, including one's own uncertainty when making a decision. Metacognition has been studied in humans and other animals for several decades, and it is of increasing interest to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) research community too. In this work, we implement a well-established experimental procedure to study whether two classes of AI system can monitor their own uncertainty. We ask deep reinforcement learning agents and vision language models to learn to discriminate two stimuli that vary in similarity, where they are rewarded for correct and punished for incorrect discriminations. By measuring the frequency at which they choose not to make a choice, and analysing how that varies with stimulus similarity, we produce a measure of the degree to which their uncertainty informs their decisions. We find some limited evidence that the AI systems we study monitor their own uncertainty when making risky decisions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Animal cognition; Intelligent agents; Machine learning"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/268740nc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Konstantinos","middle_name":"","last_name":"Voudouris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Helmholtz Zentrum Munich","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexi","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Voudouris","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Lucy","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Cheke","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Cambridge","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50133/galley/38095/download/"}]},{"pk":49657,"title":"Using transfer learning to identify a neural system's algorithm","subtitle":null,"abstract":"<p>Algorithms generate input-output mappings through operations on representations. In cognitive science, we use algorithms to explain cognition. For example, we use tree-search algorithms to explain planning, reinforcement learning algorithms to explain exploration, and Bayesian algorithms to explain categorization. There are often many cognitive science algorithms consistent with a subject's performance on a task. How are we supposed to choose? It is natural to think of algorithms as causal models of brain processes. Thus, a natural method for choosing an algorithm is to look for parts in the brain corresponding to the steps of the algorithm. However, we haven't found many cognitive science algorithms using this method. This has led some to view cognitive science algorithms as merely normative, indicating the ideal input-output mapping without attributing any particular operation to the brain. It has led others to view cognitive science algorithms as merely useful fictions; useful insofar as they allow us to predict behavior, but fictional insofar as they inaccurately describe the causes of that behavior. They recommend explaining cognitive processes using other frameworks, such as dynamical systems theory. As an alternative, we suggest identifying a neural system's algorithm by assessing how quickly it learns alternative input-output mappings, that is, its transfer learning profile. The basic idea is that, depending on which algorithm is being used, different input-output mappings will be easier to learn, allowing us to recover its original algorithm from its transfer learning profile. We use artificial neural networks to demonstrate that this proposal productively applies to multiple networks and tasks. We conclude that transfer learning is a promising approach for integrating algorithms with neural networks and thus for integrating cognitive science with systems neuroscience and machine learning.</p>","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Philosophy; Learning; Machine learning; Representation"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nm2b2f1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morrison","name_suffix":"","institution":"Barnard College, Columbia University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nikolaus","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kriegeskorte","name_suffix":"","institution":"Columbia University","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Peters","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49657/galley/37619/download/"}]},{"pk":49960,"title":"Validating Generative Agent-Based Models of Social Norm Enforcement: From Replication to Novel Predictions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"As large language models (LLMs) advance, there is growing interest in using them to simulate human social behavior through generative agent-based modeling (GABM). However, validating these models remains a key challenge. We present a systematic two-stage validation approach using social dilemma paradigms from psychological literature, first identifying the cognitive components necessary for LLM agents to reproduce known human behaviors in mixed-motive settings from two landmark papers, then using the validated architecture to simulate novel conditions. Our model comparison of different cognitive architectures shows that both persona-based individual differences and theory of mind capabilities are essential for replicating third-party punishment (TPP) as a costly signal of trustworthiness. For the second study on public goods games, this architecture is able to replicate an increase in cooperation from the spread of reputational information through gossip. However, an additional strategic component is necessary to replicate the additional boost in cooperation rates in the condition that allows both ostracism and gossip. We then test novel predictions for each paper with our validated generative agents. We find that TPP rates significantly drop in settings where punishment is anonymous, yet a substantial amount of TPP persists, suggesting that both reputational and intrinsic moral motivations play a role in this behavior. For the second paper, we introduce a novel intervention and see that open discussion periods before rounds of the public goods game further increase contributions, allowing groups to develop social norms for cooperation. This work provides a framework for validating generative agent models while demonstrating their potential to generate novel and testable insights into human social behavior.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Cognitive architectures; Decision making; Natural Language Processing; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dg1f4s7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Logan","middle_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Cross","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Haber","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yamins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49960/galley/37922/download/"}]},{"pk":50311,"title":"Validating Predictive Models of Extreme Expertise in Complex Cognitive-Motor Skills","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Modeling masterful performance is an essential component of skill acquisition research. Several models of high-level or extreme expertise exist for a variety of tasks, from surgical performance to the video game Tetris, yet assessing whether these computational models accurately represent real-world expertise remains challenging. Empirical validation is uniquely difficult because of limitations intrinsic to models of expertise, namely the inherently small sample sizes of experts which increase the cost of partitioning data into test and training sets, and the detailed domain knowledge often required to interpret model results. This paper presents multiple novel approaches to validating models of extreme expertise, using strategies such as generative pseudo-interventions and retroactive longitudinal case studies. The results of these validation methods align very closely with interpretations given by domain experts, demonstrating great promise for both the validation itself as well as our currently proposed models of predicting real-world performance outcomes in complex skills.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Skill acquisition and learning; Case studies; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xf428hd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Sims","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50311/galley/38273/download/"}]},{"pk":49558,"title":"Variable Properties of Auditory Image Analysis: A Case Study of Selected Musical Works","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyse the auditory scene of musical works and to demonstrate that different compositions may prompt the emergence of distinctly interpreted perceptual streams in the listener's mind. The research focuses on selected excerpts from works by Alexandre Guilmant, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Antonio Vivaldi, which, due to their unique characteristics, elicit diverse auditory impressions. By combining score analysis with auditory scene analysis, this paper seeks to explain how different interpretations of the same sounds result in dissimilar auditory impressions. The auditory scene analysis presented here provides deeper insight into the process of stream formation and its implications for musical performance and aesthetic perception. The findings indicate that perceptual stream formation in music is considerably more complex and context-dependent than previously assumed, with implications for how listeners interpret auditory scenes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Humanities; Art and Cognition; Creativity; Culture; Music; Perception; Case studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bj6r5dn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rosi_ski","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Feliks Nowowiejski Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz,","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49558/galley/37520/download/"}]},{"pk":49628,"title":"Variation in Adults' Judgements about Relative Proportional Magnitude and Proportional Equivalence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Proportional reasoning is critical for successful functioning across domains and development. However, proportional information is also complex, resulting in behavioral variation across contexts and tasks. In the current study, we systematically compare adults' proportion judgements on a proportion magnitude comparison task and an equivalent proportion matching task with both dot arrays and continuous rectangles. We find that the match-to-sample task is more difficult than the magnitude comparison task and dot arrays are more difficult than the rectangles. Interactions between task and format, as well as specific patterns of errors, provide additional insight into possible explanations for these patterns. Overall, findings provide theoretical insight into the cognitive processes involved in solving proportional tasks and methodological insight into how to best design and interpret performance on both comparison and match-to-sample proportion tasks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Other"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dr1w96z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michelle","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Hurst","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick","department":""},{"first_name":"Paige","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dadika","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49628/galley/37590/download/"}]},{"pk":49591,"title":"Verbs are sometimes redundant: Korean preschoolers' comprehension of Korean active transitive construction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the two contrasting forces in shaping linguistic knowledge—efficiency and redundancy, the present study examines sentence comprehension behaviour amongst Korean children aged three to six, focusing on verbs (relative to case markers) in interpreting transitive events. Through picture-selection experiments that systematically omit and obscure portions of transitive sentences, we find (1) a reduced role of verbs in sentence comprehension and (2) age-related variations in the application of case-marking knowledge. These findings suggest that verbs may sometimes become redundant during comprehension, which is attributable to early maturation and strong automatisation of verbs. This provides support for verb-periphery strategies so as to maximise efficiency in language activities amongst Korean preschoolers.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Syntax"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85v5z0bf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gyu-Ho","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Unversity of Illinois at Chicago","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49591/galley/37553/download/"}]},{"pk":49502,"title":"VGG-19 Displays Human-like Biases in Statistical Judgment from Visual Graphs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) not only recognize objects with high accuracy, but also acquire from images abstract statistical concepts such as numerosity and correlations. However, it remains unclear whether the CNN architectures implement inductive biases that mimic human biases in statistical judgments. In this paper, we examined whether VGG-19 models, a popular CNN architecture, that are trained to make correlation judgments from scatterplots display human-like biases. In comparisons between model predictions and human data, we found that there was a high correspondence between human biases and machine biases in VGG-19 models. Using explainable AI visualization with saliency maps to unpack the regions on which VGG-19 rely to make correlation judgments, we found that the late layers of the model tend to focus on regions similar to human participants' fixation distributions as captured by eye tracking. We further demonstrate that such models were nearly sufficient to predict human data at an accuracy level rivaling the state-of-the-art model trained on human data in three large-scale correlation discrimination datasets. Our results suggest that VGG-19 models may employ strategies that are similar to those used by human participants for statistical judgments from visual graphs and, therefore, pave the way to address human cognitive biases in visualization-based statistical judgments through the lens of deep neural networks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Human Factors; Eye tracking; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50r2n669","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ruiyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ding","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yueyuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Janet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Lisheng","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"Shanghai University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49502/galley/37464/download/"}]},{"pk":49182,"title":"Vicarious emotion predictions integrate information about relationship strength","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It is well-established that people feel empathic and counter-empathic emotions in response to others' experiences. The abilities to predict, interpret, and elicit these emotions help people successfully navigate social interactions. However, we know little about how people understand these vicarious emotions. Here we test the hypothesis that observers use a third-party appraisal approach, much like the one they use for direct emotion inference, to predict vicarious emotions. Critically, though, this reasoning must include information about relationship strength to capture the relevance of one person's experiences for an onlooker's emotional appraisals. We find support for this hypothesis from an experiment in which participants predicted emotions for both the player of a gambling game and an onlooker, whose social closeness to the player varied across trials. A model that integrated closeness information into an appraisal process better explained the data than an alternative model based on expectations of emotional contagion. These results offer initial insights into human reasoning about vicarious emotions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n6119z5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kexin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jiang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Psychology, University of California","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smith-Flores","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Katherine Nora","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Psychology, University of California","department":""},{"first_name":"Desmond","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ong","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin","department":""},{"first_name":"Lindsey","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Powell","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCSD","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49182/galley/37143/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49182/galley/38688/download/"}]},{"pk":50250,"title":"Video game experience mediates sex differences in spatial and navigation abilities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Past research reveals sex differences in spatial ability measures. This study further examines this variation across a comprehensive range of spatial tasks and explores potential mediators. 259 participants completed psychometric measures, questionnaires, and navigation tasks in immersive and desktop virtual reality. Men performed significantly better on both small- and large-scale spatial tasks. Video game experience (greater in men) mediated sex differences on most spatial tasks. However, spatial anxiety and motion sickness (greater in women), and exploration tendencies and risk-behavior (greater in men), generally did not account for this variation. This study reveals significant sex differences across spatial navigation tasks and provides preliminary evidence that experiential factors contribute to this variation. This research has implications for everyday navigation and the effects of technology use (video game experience) on spatial performance.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Spatial cognition; Comparative Studies; Statistics"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kn8263f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zoe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ziv","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Barbara","department":""},{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hegarty","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Santa Barbara","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50250/galley/38212/download/"}]},{"pk":50486,"title":"VisChatter: Enhance Synchronous Collaboration on Data Visualization Dashboard with Visual Annotations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Online meetings around data have become integral to insight generation and collaborative decision-making. However, effectively communicating data in these settings presents significant challenges. Visualizations often include multiple patterns to perceive, and verbal descriptions of these patterns can be ambiguous, leading to potential miscommunication. Visual annotations offer a means to clarify these ambiguities and enhance user engagement with the data. Yet, existing online meeting tools often render the creation and management of these annotations cumbersome, detracting from the spontaneity of discussions. To address these challenges, we introduce VisChatter, a tool that facilitates real-time visualization annotation through a multi-modal agent. This agent integrates user speech and mouse movements to generate chart annotations, informed by a formative study that evaluated the efficacy of various annotation techniques. Our evaluation suggests that VisChatter significantly reduces cognitive and physical load during online data pattern communication while maintaining a user experience comparable to established platforms like Zoom.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Human-computer interaction; UX; Computer-based experiment; Survey"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gq1d0df","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Songwen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Tong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Adobe Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Sungchul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Adobe Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Ryan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rossi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Adobe Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Cindy Xiong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bearfield","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50486/galley/38448/download/"}]},{"pk":49384,"title":"Visual and Musical Aesthetic Preferences Across Cultures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Research on how humans perceive aesthetics in shapes, colours, and music has predominantly focused on Western populations, limiting our understanding of how cultural environments shape aesthetic preferences. We present a large-scale cross-cultural study examining aesthetic preferences across five distinct modalities extensively explored in the literature: shape, curvature, colour, musical harmony and melody. We gather 401,403 preference judgements from 4,835 participants across 10 countries, systematically sampling two-dimensional parameter spaces for each modality. The findings reveal both universal patterns and cultural variations. Preferences for shape and curvature cross-culturally demonstrate a consistent preference for symmetrical forms. While colour preferences are categorically consistent, ratio-like preferences vary across cultures. Musical harmony shows strong agreement in interval relationships despite differing regions of preference within the broad frequency spectrum, while melody shows the highest cross-cultural variation. These results suggest that aesthetic preferences emerge from an interplay between shared perceptual mechanisms and cultural learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Aesthetics; Art and Cognition; Culture; Music; Vision; Big data; Cross-cultural analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60h1x9rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Harin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics","department":""},{"first_name":"Eline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Van Geert","name_suffix":"","institution":"KU Leuven","department":""},{"first_name":"Elif","middle_name":"","last_name":"‚elen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics","department":""},{"first_name":"Raja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marjieh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Pol","middle_name":"","last_name":"van Rijn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics","department":""},{"first_name":"Minsu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Park","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University Abu Dhabi","department":""},{"first_name":"Nori","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49384/galley/37346/download/"}]},{"pk":49913,"title":"Visual attention and cross-linguistic effects in reading: Simulations with BRAID-Acq, a probabilistic model of reading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Theories of reading are mostly based on English, that is rather atypical among alphabetic orthographies due to its inconsistent orthography-phonology mappings. Differences in length effects have been observed between languages. Psycholinguistic characteristics of the orthography, such as orthographic depth, seem to have an impact on reading strategies and could be correlated with different visual-attentional profiles.  However, no computational model has yet demonstrated the impact of language-dependent visual-attentional mechanisms on reading. This study explores these effects using BRAID-Acq, a probabilistic reading model with a visual-attentional module. We simulated word and pseudoword reading in English, German, and French to examine how orthographic depth and visual attention shape processing. Our simulation results suggest an effect of the orthography on processing time. In particular, English requires a larger attentional quantity for efficient processing of words and pseudowords, offering a novel interpretation of difficulties in reading acquisition in English.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Reading; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qh6k82k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Camille","middle_name":"","last_name":"Charrier","name_suffix":"","institution":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Steinhilber","name_suffix":"","institution":"Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition","department":""},{"first_name":"Emilie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ginestet","name_suffix":"","institution":"UniversitŽ Grenoble Alpes","department":""},{"first_name":"Sylviane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valdois","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS et UniversitŽ Grenoble Alpes","department":""},{"first_name":"Julien","middle_name":"","last_name":"Diard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49913/galley/37875/download/"}]},{"pk":50191,"title":"Visual groundedness as an organizing principle for word class: Evidence from Japanese","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How do languages structure word classes, and is this organization arbitrary? This study explores groundedness--the degree of association between a word in an utterance and the meaning which the utterance describes--as a potential organizing factor. In particular, we look at visual groundededness, where meaning is approximated with an image, allowing tractable estimation with neural vision-and-language models. Prior work showed that nouns, adjectives, and verbs differ in groundedness cross-linguistically. We test whether groundedness describes the atypical word class structure in Japanese, where adjectives are split split into i-adjectives (formally verb-like) and na-adjectives (noun-like). Analyzing the Crossmodal-3600 dataset with the PaliGemma model, we find that na-adjectives exhibit significantly (p=0.029) higher visual groundedness, suggesting that the formal similarities of these classes to nouns and verbs reflect their semantics. This challenges the idea that linguistic categories are purely conventional or innate and arbitrary, and supports a view where language structure emerges from human perception.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Concepts and categories; Semantics of language; Vision; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9859c0xc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Coleman","middle_name":"","last_name":"Haley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Sharon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldwater","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50191/galley/38153/download/"}]},{"pk":49907,"title":"Visual Imagery Vividness Predicts the Complexity of Induced Hallucinations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The current study utilizes the Ganzflicker paradigm—a flickering stimulus that induces visual hallucinations—to provide insight into the internally-generated visual experiences that correlate with individual differences in visual imagery. Here, we analyzed rich narrative descriptions of Ganzflicker hallucinations from 4,365 participants using natural language processing, sensorimotor norms, and AI visualizations. We find that overall perceptual richness and visual detail in descriptions increase with imagery vividness. Examining the specific content of these descriptions reveals that vivid imagers report more face and hand-related content than those with weaker imagery. Exploratory AI-generated visualizations of these descriptions provide additional insights, as those with weak imagery report patterns of simple visual features, like colors and geometric forms, while strong imagers' hallucinations are filled with complex real-world stimuli. These findings suggest imagery differences may lie not in early visual processing but in the integration of basic visual features into complex object- and scene-level representations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Consciousness; Embodied Cognition; Representation; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dx3n6gp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chkhaidze","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Anastasia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kiyonaga","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Seana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Coulson","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Reshanne R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reeder","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Liverpool","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49907/galley/37869/download/"}]},{"pk":50470,"title":"Visualizing Motion Traces Enhances Pursuit Detection in Dynamic Scenes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Detecting dynamic spatial relationships, such as pursuit, can be cognitively demanding (Scholl &amp; Gao, 2013). Research has identified visual cues that influence pursuit detection, including the distance between the pursuer and the target (Meyerhoff, Schwan &amp; Huff, 2014) and the number of objects in a scene (Gao, Baker, et al., 2019; Kon, Khemlani &amp; Lovett, 2024). We turn to data visualization research to explore techniques to improve pursuit detection in dynamic scenes. For example, displaying trajectory histories can aid processing by reducing cognitive load (Heer &amp; Robertson, 2007). We conducted a study in which participants viewed visualizations of six moving dots, either with or without trace lines, and determined whether one dot was chasing another. Preliminary findings suggest that trace lines improve the speed and accuracy of pursuit detection. Our results bridge visualization and vision science, suggesting that trace lines might enhance pursuit detection by providing less transient shape-based visual cues.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Perception; Spatial cognition; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t08x24h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yishu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ji","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kon","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lovett","name_suffix":"","institution":"US Naval Research Lab","department":""},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Livingston","name_suffix":"","institution":"Naval Research Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Sangeet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khemlani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Naval Research Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Yalong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Cindy Xiong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bearfield","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50470/galley/38432/download/"}]},{"pk":49199,"title":"Visual moral inference and communication","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans can make moral inferences from multiple sources of input. In contrast, automated moral inference in artificial intelligence typically relies on language models with textual input. However, morality is conveyed through modalities beyond language. We present a computational framework that supports moral inference from natural images, demonstrated in two related tasks: 1) inferring human moral judgment toward visual images and 2) analyzing patterns in moral content communicated via images from public news. We find that models based on text alone cannot capture the fine-grained human moral judgment toward visual stimuli, but language-vision fusion models offer better precision in visual moral inference. Furthermore, applications of our framework to news data reveal implicit biases in news categories and geopolitical discussions. Our work creates avenues for automating visual moral inference and discovering patterns of visual moral communication in public media.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Machine learning; Other; Big data; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wn1n4rn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Warren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Aida","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramezani","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Yang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49199/galley/37160/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49199/galley/38705/download/"}]},{"pk":49901,"title":"Visual Processing of Arabic-English Code-Switching: An Eye-Tracking Analysis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines the visual processing of Arabic-English code-switching using an eye-tracking experiment, focusing on determiner-noun switching. Arabic-English bilinguals (L1 Arabic, L2 English) read English-framed sentences that were either monolingual or contained a code-switched noun phrase with an English determiner and an Arabic noun (e.g., John bought the كتاب) or an Arabic determiner and an English noun (e.g., John bought ال book). The Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model (Myers-Scotton, 1993, 2002) predicts that the matrix language (ML) determines the selection of functional elements, requiring determiners to come from English. However, eye-tracking results revealed the opposite pattern: codes-witching was more disfavored if the determiner came from English than if it came from Arabic, contradicting the MLF model's predictions. These findings suggest that grammatical constraints alone cannot fully explain code-switching patterns and that orthographic differences, script directionality, and switching costs play a role in bilingual sentence processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Perception; Syntax; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rq8t3n9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ji Young","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shim","name_suffix":"","institution":"American University of Sharjah","department":""},{"first_name":"Tommi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leung","name_suffix":"","institution":"United Arab Emirates University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hyosik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jeonju University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49901/galley/37863/download/"}]},{"pk":49186,"title":"Visual Theory of Mind Enables the Invention of Proto-Writing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Symbolic writing systems are graphical semiotic codes that are ubiquitous in modern society but are otherwise absent in the animal kingdom. Anthropological evidence suggests that the earliest forms of some writing systems originally consisted of iconic pictographs, which signify their referent via visual resemblance. While previous studies have examined the emergence and, separately, the evolution of pictographic systems through a computational lens, most employ non-naturalistic methodologies that make it difficult to draw clear analogies to human and animal cognition. We develop a multi-agent reinforcement learning testbed for emergent communication called a Signification Game, and formulate a model of inferential communication that enables agents to leverage visual theory of mind to communicate actions using pictographs. Our model, which is situated within a broader formalism for animal communication, sheds light on the cognitive and cultural processes underlying the emergence of proto-writing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d61w2qm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Spiegel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Lucas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gelfond","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"George","middle_name":"","last_name":"Konidaris","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49186/galley/37147/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49186/galley/38692/download/"}]},{"pk":49833,"title":"WalkMore: Exploring the Role of a Personalized Humorous Nudge Architecture on People's Walking Behavior","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Approximately 31% of the global population is insufficiently active, leading to 3.2 million deaths annually. Sedentary behavior increases the risk of cancer, heart disease, and metabolic disorders. To improve adherence to behavior change interventions, this study introduces personalized humorous nudging for walking behavior. Following a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design, participants (N=100) received either humorous or non-humorous nudges via a Telegram-based chatbot, \"WalkMore,\" encouraging daily walks for 7 days. We used the AICTP smart nudge framework (Activity, Influence, Content, Time frame, Presentation) and added humor to the presentation component. Results showed a significant relationship between walking and humor (F=6.48, p&lt;0.05). Manipulation check items reported the nudges' average funniness rating as 3.48 in experimental group and average personalization rating as 3.64 in control group. The findings indicate efficacy of the proposed augmented nudge framework for behavior change.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Comparative Analysis; Field studies; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/836813gz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aditi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sharma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tata Consultancy Services Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"Eleazer","last_name":"Sawian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tata Consultancy Services Research","department":""},{"first_name":"Mayuri","middle_name":"","last_name":"Duggirala","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tata Research Development and Design Centre","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49833/galley/37795/download/"}]},{"pk":49443,"title":"Wanting to be Understood: Modeling Interaction in Early Language Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human language acquisition involves diverse learning resources, including self-supervised learning (sequence prediction) and communicative interactions (talking to caregivers). While recent advancements in language models highlight the power of self-supervised learning, the role of communicative interaction remains unclear. This study uses Reinforcement Learning (RL) and parent-child agent simulations to model interactions and investigate their role in language acquisition, as well as whether RL-like mechanisms may function in children. We pretrained a small transformer model as a child agent, which then interacted with Google's Gemini, acting as a parent agent, to learn language with the goal of being understood. Model evaluations show that the interactive training enhances intelligibility of model's communication and increases behavioral similarity to real child speech. However, minimal pertaining alone provides noticeable syntactic and semantic competence, with RL yielding no consistent gains. These findings imply that interaction may play a more critical role in pragmatic aspects of language learning than in the development of linguistic structures, and that learning through interaction is a mechanism used by children.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Language acquisition; Machine learning; Agent-based Modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d1955gv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Qihui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ralston","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Madison","middle_name":"","last_name":"Meares","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Vladimir","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sloutsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49443/galley/37405/download/"}]},{"pk":49542,"title":"Watch out for Bears: Do People Behave Differently in Perceptual and Financial Decisions?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Financial decisions such as those involved in stock trading should, at least partly, be based on similar features as detecting trends in time-series data. When presented as a purely perceptual task, people's accuracy in detecting trends is generally considered good, but real-world individual investors underperform the market globally. In a series of controlled experiments, we contrast financial decisions to perceptual ones, presenting participants with real-time evolving time series whilst manipulating the reward structure and the context. Our results show that participants' decisions were not affected by trend direction in a classic perceptual decision-making scenario, whilst in a classic trading scenario they performed worse in both speed and accuracy during downward (i.e., bear markets) compared to upward trends (i.e., bull markets). In a final experiment where we carefully controlled the reward structure of both scenarios and the only relevant differentiating factor were the labels of the decisions, we did not find evidence for this difference between scenarios, but participants were slower in the trading scenario. Employing the Drift-Diffusion Model, we found evidence of lower efficiency in the classic trading, compared to the classic perceptual decision-making scenario. Our results provide much-needed insight into the cognitive basis of trading decisions and the general underperformance of real-world individual investors.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Quantitative Behavior"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62s614f7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuyang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ding","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Duarte","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gon�alves","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Maarten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Speekenbrink","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49542/galley/37504/download/"}]},{"pk":49817,"title":"What Almost Happened? Using Close-Counterfactuals to Prime a Simulation Mindset in Children","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Counterfactual reasoning, the ability to reason about how events could have turned out differently, helps individuals understand the causes of events and prepare for the future. The simulation mindset hypothesis posits that exposure to counterfactual scenarios stimulates the generation of imaginary alternatives, enhancing planning, problem-solving, and behaviour adjustment. This study investigated whether  close-counterfactual scenarios prime a simulation mindset in children leading to better problem-solving abilities. Ninety six- and eight-year-olds were assigned to either a counterfactual condition, with storybooks featuring close-counterfactual events, or a control condition, with storybooks describing factual events. Participants then completed two problem-solving tasks requiring the generation of alternative solutions. Results showed that 8-year-olds exhibited better problem-solving abilities than 6-year-olds. Counterfactual scenarios did not significantly affect older children's problem-solving skills, however they showed benefits for the younger children. These findings provide emerging evidence that engaging in counterfactual reasoning can enhance divergent thinking and problem-solving skills in children.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Decision making; Problem Solving; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10m5b57v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julianna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ganea","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49817/galley/37779/download/"}]},{"pk":49624,"title":"What and How Schema Networks Are Acquired During the Learning of Line Graphs: Modelling Using Representational Systems Theory.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a gap in our understanding of cogni-tion with external representations: what memory struc-tures are acquired and how they change during learning?  The focus will be on line graphs.  We adopt Representation Interpretive Structure Theory (RIST) and its modelling no-tation (RISN) as an approach to answer those questions.  RIST is a schema theoretic account and RISN operational-izes its assumptions.  Models for stages in the gradual ac-quisition of growing interpretive sophistication are built, from basic precursor components to advanced interpreta-tions.  Learning mechanisms are proposed to explain the transition between the stages.  During learning, the memory structures undergo localized incremental changes and more global radical restructuring of the networks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Externally-supported cognition; Instruction and teaching"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32m619xk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Sussex","department":""},{"first_name":"Grecia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Garcia Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Sussex","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49624/galley/37586/download/"}]},{"pk":49386,"title":"What does action do to object? The case of metaphoric action.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We examined whether embodiment effects at a particular word influence subsequent words. We recorded EEG while participants read action sentences that were literal-concrete (LC), literal-abstract (LA), and metaphorical (MET). Prior work showed that at the verbs, both LC and MET elicited more negative N400s than LA, reflecting sensorimotor simulations. We found that at the object nouns, LC elicited a more negative negativity in the 500-700 ms time window   than LA and MET, which may reflect combined influences from embodiment spilled over from the verbs and imagery linked to noun concreteness and imageability. These findings suggested that literal action embodiment can yield extended motor engagement extending into subsequent words, but metaphorical action verbs cannot. Moreover, lexical properties at the noun played a role.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Embodied Cognition; Language Comprehension; Semantic memory; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rq492bs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cagatay","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cora","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona","department":""},{"first_name":"Rutvik","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Desai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of South Carolina","department":""},{"first_name":"Vicky Tzuyin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lai","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49386/galley/37348/download/"}]},{"pk":49846,"title":"What does it mean to be healthy?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The concept of health has long been debated in philosophy and medicine, with discussions often centering on whether health is merely the absence of disease (negativism) or requires the presence of some positive state or ability (positivism). Empirical studies on the folk concept remain scarce and inconclusive. This paper investigates the folk concept of health through implication and contradiction tests. Our findings reveal that while people often infer that health entails both a disease-free state and lifestyle-related factors, interpretations of `health' vary significantly depending on context, with participants associating health primarily with the absence of disease in medical settings while emphasizing lifestyle factors like diet and activity in personal training scenarios. These results suggest that the meaning of the folk concept of health is strongly context-dependent.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Humanities; Linguistics; Philosophy; Psychology; Concepts and categories; Pragmatics; Semantics of language; Social cognition; Statistics; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zv7t372","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pascale","middle_name":"","last_name":"Willemsen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reuter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Gothenburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Somogy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Varga","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49846/galley/37808/download/"}]},{"pk":49288,"title":"What Do Head Scans Reveal About Depression? Insights from 360° Psychomotor Assessment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Psychomotor changes, while crucial indicators of depres-\nsion, remain underrepresented in clinical observations.\nWe examined the relationship between depression and\npsychomotor behavior by analyzing head-tracking data\nrelated to yaw movements made during exploration of\n360° emotional videos, alongside valence and arousal\nratings on 9-point Likert scale. Symptoms of depres-\nsion were recorded using the Patient Health Question-\nnaire (PHQ-9). While subjective ratings for valence and\narousal showed no differences across depression groups,\nthe head-tracking data revealed novel results. Individu-\nals with moderate to severe depression exhibited signif-\nicantly lower scanning speed and standard deviation in\nyaw movement compared to minimal to mild depression.\nAlthough preliminary, these results underscore the im-\nportance of psychomotor measures in diagnosis, risk as-\nsessment, and monitoring in psychiatric care, alongside\nsubjective evaluations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Emotion; Emotion Disorder"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n15r08z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Priyanka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Srivastava","name_suffix":"","institution":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad","department":""},{"first_name":"Rohan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lahane","name_suffix":"","institution":"IIIT Hyderabad","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49288/galley/37249/download/"}]},{"pk":50123,"title":"What Do People Expect from Expected Value?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines how instructional framing influences probability distortions in decision-making scenarios. With 136 participants, we explored four instruction conditions: direct calculation guidance, estimative averaging, and narrative framing from first- and third-person perspectives. Our findings indicate that skewness, rather than variance, significantly impacts estimation errors in expected value tasks. The estimative instruction condition notably reduced probability neglect, whereas direct calculation instructions unexpectedly introduced bias. Both narrative conditions amplified probability neglect, with no significant difference between perspectives. These outcomes challenge traditional assumptions in decision-making models, emphasizing the central role of skewness and the substantial effect of instructional framing on probability distortions. The results suggest that employing estimative instructions could effectively minimize biases in contexts where accurate evaluation of expected value is crucial. This research underscores the importance of instructional design in decision-making tasks and provides insights into minimizing probability neglect.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fm8681c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tomasz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smole_","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Pawe_","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baso_","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bart_omiej","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kroczek","name_suffix":"","institution":"Centre for Cognitive Science, Jagiellonian University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kucwaj","name_suffix":"","institution":"Faculty of Psychology in Krakow, SWPS University","department":""},{"first_name":"Konrad","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Centre for Cognitive Science, Jagiellonian University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50123/galley/38085/download/"}]},{"pk":50456,"title":"What do we understand from experiments in language evolution: inferences from multiple-choice vs. open-ended semantic space paradigms","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In our poster, we challenge the multiple-choice paradigm used in many communication experiments and the validity of conclusions that can be drawn from it. We concentrate on two well-constructed experiments that have made claims that humans can understand improvised or interspecies forms of communication (e.g., Ćwiek et al., 2021; Graham &amp; Hobaiter, 2023). We hypothesized that participants would perform worse when asked to provide free-text answers, compared to the original design of multiple choice. Our results indicate that participants performed worse compared to the original studies. The post hoc analysis showed that, in many cases, relevant semantic domains were correctly identified by the participants, but hardly any responses were fully congruent with the target concept. We conclude by discussing which types of questions are better addressed with the multiple-choice vs. open-text paradigm, and how the results of each of them can be mapped onto a larger picture of language evolution.\n\nReferences\nĆwiek, Aleksandra, Susanne Fuchs, Christoph Draxler, Eva Liina Asu, Dan Dediu, Katri Hiovain, Shigeto Kawahara, et al. 2021. Novel vocalizations are understood across cultures. Scientific Reports 11(1). 10108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89445-4.\n\nGraham, Kirsty E. &amp; Catherine Hobaiter. 2023. Towards a great ape dictionary: Inexperienced humans understand common nonhuman ape gestures. (Ed.) Frans B. M. De Waal. PLOS Biology 21(1). e3001939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001939.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Cognitive Humanities; Concepts and categories; Evolution; Language understanding"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04s624vz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Svetlana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kuleshova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hartmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"HHU DŸsseldorf","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pleyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru_","department":""},{"first_name":"Marta","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sibierska","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Johan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Blomberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm university","department":""},{"first_name":"Przemyslaw","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zywiczynski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Slawomir","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wacewicz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50456/galley/38418/download/"}]},{"pk":50103,"title":"What Factors Influence Goal Setting? Insights from Text-Based Task Generation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans set a variety of goals and generate diverse tasks everyday, but the psychological factors underlying this process remain underexplored. To identify the core characteristics influencing individual goal-setting, we conducted a text-based task generation experiment where participants were asked to report activities or games freely using different daily objects. Participants' values and traits were also measured to obtain the personal characteristics. We conducted a pre-registered evaluation experiment to establish the connections between these psychological factors and task attributes. Our results show that human goal-setting behaviors are shaped by personal values and cognitive styles. People with higher openness to change value tend to generate more novel and stimulating tasks, while people with a systematic thinking style perform worse in complex environments compared to simpler ones. Despite the widespread use of large language models (LLMs), our further comparisons reveal that LLMs fail to capture the diversity of human responses, showing a systematic bias towards mental tasks, even when instructed to simulate individual profiles. These results offer new insights into the psychological factors driving individual goal-setting, and highlight the limitations of current LLMs in stimulating human behaviors.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Creativity; Decision making; Problem Solving"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2t14j14m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yilong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)","department":""},{"first_name":"Jiajun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Song","name_suffix":"","institution":"State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, BIGAI","department":""},{"first_name":"Chunhui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence","department":""},{"first_name":"Wei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50103/galley/38065/download/"}]},{"pk":49307,"title":"What if child vocabulary development followed network acquisition models exactly?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The network science perspective on vocabulary development emphasizes the structured relationships between words and how they can influence learning. Words that appear in many contexts and thus develop associations with many other words tend to be learned earlier---a growth model called preferential acquisition. Likewise, children appear to have a bias towards learning new words associated with many known words---a growth model called lure of the associates. Although both are statistically related to age of acquisition estimates, much variance remains unexplained, and it is unknown what structures these models promote within the developing vocabulary. We simulated vocabulary growth strictly adhering to preferential acquisition and lure of the associates and found that they promote similar structures: more connectivity, more clustering, and much shorter path lengths than random growth would achieve. They clearly promote small-world structure, consistent with that seen in young children's vocabularies.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive development; Language acquisition; Learning; Representation; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fx351cb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christopher","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Cox","name_suffix":"","institution":"Louisiana State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Stan","middle_name":"","last_name":"West","name_suffix":"","institution":"Louisiana State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hills","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Eileen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Haebig","name_suffix":"","institution":"Louisiana State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49307/galley/37268/download/"}]},{"pk":49887,"title":"What is addiction? Substance-specific biases in human beliefs and LLMs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Understanding how individuals conceptualize addiction is an important approach to the study of substance use etiology. We asked participants in a large free-response study of of intuitive conceptualizations of addiction among alcohol and cannabis users and co-users to share their beliefs about the benefits and harms of alcohol and cannabis, and to explain in simple terms what it means to be addicted. Using a frontier language model (ChatGPT-4o) we extracted structured representations of people's beliefs and explanations, assessing the extent to which responses represented 11 clinically relevant diagnostic symptoms from the DSM-5 section on Substance Use Disorders. People's beliefs showed clear substance-specific biases, attributing more clinically relevant symptoms to alcohol than cannabis. A prompt-context manipulation that contextualized participants' substance-neutral explanations as relevant to either cannabis or alcohol revealed evidence sometimes for similar, and for other times opposite direction, substance-specific biases imposed by the ChatGPT annotation process itself.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Concepts and categories"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bt6f9ns","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martin Lopez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Keanan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Joyner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"Bill","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thompson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49887/galley/37849/download/"}]},{"pk":50134,"title":"What makes a conversation interesting? Linguistic features predictive of interest in educational conversations between teachers and learners of English","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Stimulating language learners' engagement is essential to successful second language acquisition, but it can be hard to translate this intuition into effective learning resources. In the first large scale investigation into the linguistic and pragmatic features that make an educational conversation interesting, we collected interest ratings for 64 conversations between teachers and second language learners of English. We provide proof of concept that - despite the high degree of subjectivity involved in perceptions of interest - it is possible to extract features that make a conversation interesting for the average learner. Specifically, concreteness, comprehensibility, and uptake (i.e., the degree to which a teacher and a student's turn build on one another) all had unique relations to interest in our data. These findings lay the foundations for future work on the optimization of AI tutors for more engaging language learning interactions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Education; Linguistics; Psychology; Instruction and teaching; Interactive behavior; Natural Language Processing; Big data; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92c9p4v1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mahathi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Parvatham","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Xingwei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Gabriele","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pergola","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""},{"first_name":"Chiara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gambi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Warwick","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50134/galley/38096/download/"}]},{"pk":49291,"title":"What makes people think a puzzle is fun to solve?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many tasks feel like chores, while others are fun. Why? Here we leverage a popular puzzle game, Sokoban, to explore potential sources of variation in how enjoyable different levels of this game are to solve. In Sokoban, players navigate a grid world, pushing boxes onto goal locations while avoiding getting stuck. We first analyzed natural game play statistics (n = 442 puzzles) and found that some variation in enjoyment ratings could be jointly predicted by surface-level features (e.g., puzzle area) and solution complexity. Next, we measured how much participants reported enjoying a puzzle immediately after attempting it (N= 250 participants). We found that on successful attempts, participants enjoyed it more when they took fewer moves, whereas when unsuccessful, having made more moves was associated with greater enjoyment. Together, these studies advance understanding of how both features of the task environment and the dynamics of exploration make some activities more fun than others.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Problem Solving; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dm448rv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Junyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zheng","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49291/galley/37252/download/"}]},{"pk":49551,"title":"What or where? Infants Interpret Pointing as Referring to a Location Rather Than to a Specific Object","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans often interpret pointing as referring to an object, however, it can also indicate a direction or relevant spatial location. We investigated which one of these interpretations can explain 14-month-olds responses in a two-alternative choice task. We conducted three experiments, in which an experimenter pointed at one of the two lateral objects, swapped their positions in full view of the infant, and then allowed the infant to choose. Pointing was either produced in an Ostensive Addressing (Experiment 1), Nonostensive Addressing (Experiment 2), or Ostensive Labelling context (Experiment 3). In the Ostensive Addressing and Ostensive Labelling experiments infants chose the non-indicated object in the indicated direction significantly more often than predicted by chance. In contrast, in the Nonostenive Addressing experiment, infants' performance was on chance. These findings suggest that infants follow the direction of pointing rather than interpreting it as indicating a specific object in a communicative context.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Pragmatics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ks6w7bp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tibor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tauzin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vienna","department":""},{"first_name":"Tiziana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Srdoc","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vienna","department":""},{"first_name":"Jutta L.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mueller","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vienna","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49551/galley/37513/download/"}]},{"pk":50434,"title":"What Perceptrons Might Tell Us About Our Own Abilities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Minsky and Papert's (1969) book *Perceptrons* is often remembered as the book that (counter-productively) ended neural network research for nearly two decades. One of the authors' main results was that perceptrons (under reasonable limitations) cannot detect if a pattern is fully connected. Perhaps less known, to their initial surprise, the authors also showed that if guaranteed there are no holes in an image, perceptrons *can* detect if a pattern is fully connected. Given the simplicity of perceptrons, it seems reasonable to think that they might suggest a lower bound for what humans can visually detect without moving their eyes. If so, the results on connectedness suggest some counter-intuitive findings about human perception, namely that we should be able to learn to solve 2D mazes at a glance and detect how many objects are in an image at a glance (i.e., subitize) even when the number is large.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Learning; Perception; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65t946bw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shayan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Doroudi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50434/galley/38396/download/"}]},{"pk":50124,"title":"What's going on? Surprising difficulties in complex relational rule discovery","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we create an analog of a math task for judging whether one integer is greater than another. Shapes (e.g., triangle, square) represent integers (3, 4), colors (green, red) denote sign (+/–), and spatial arrangement (above) depicts the comparison (greater than). Across two experiments, we find that this discovery task is surprisingly hard: after approximately 120 trials with feedback, average final performance is about 58%, not far above chance. Additionally, training on sub-rules using a variety of previously effective treatments, both with the support of examples and otherwise, provide only short-term benefit to relational rule discovery. Our findings highlight the difficulty of learning complex relational structures purely from feedback, underscoring the possible need for more explicit guidance or extended practice to achieve robust transfer.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Analogy; Learning; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Logic"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69z2c0dq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julia","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Conti","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kenneth","middle_name":"R","last_name":"Koedinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Paulo","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Carvalho","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50124/galley/38086/download/"}]},{"pk":49956,"title":"What's in the Box? Reasoning about Unseen Objects from Multimodal Cues","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People regularly make inferences about objects in the world that they cannot see by flexibly integrating information from multiple sources: auditory and visual cues, language, and our prior beliefs and knowledge about the scene. How are we able to so flexibly integrate many sources of information to make sense of the world around us, even if we have no direct knowledge? In this work, we propose a neurosymbolic model that uses neural networks to parse open-ended multimodal inputs and then applies a Bayesian model to integrate different sources of information to evaluate different hypotheses. We evaluate our model with a novel object guessing game called \"What's in the Box?'' where humans and models watch a video clip of an experimenter shaking boxes and then try to guess the objects inside the boxes. Through a human experiment, we show that our model correlates strongly with human judgments, whereas unimodal ablated models and large multimodal neural model baselines showed poor correlation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Psychology; Perception; Reasoning; Sensory Processing; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g6619bx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ying","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Alicia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Katherine","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Collins","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Siegel","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Joshua","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49956/galley/37918/download/"}]},{"pk":50119,"title":"What theoretical horizon for cognition? Towards a categorical cognitive science","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cognitive science was founded on the idea that an understanding of mind requires interdisciplinary approaches among specialist fields. However, after more than half a century since the cognitive revolution, the study of mind is as specialized as ever, which raises an existential question: What lies on the horizon for a theory of cognition—unification or dissolution? This question is approached by way of a parallel with the (meta-)mathematical field of category theory. A core principle is construction by universal (mapping) property: every instance of a structure is uniquely composed of a common constituent (map). This principle applies at the level of categories and at the meta-level of categories of other categories. The analogous view of cognitive science presented here is as a meta-theory employing this unifying principle: in the form of a slogan, Cognitive science is to mind as category theory is to mathematics.\n\nFunding: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP23K11797","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Other; Representation; Mathematical modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qp2c86h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Steven","middle_name":"","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50119/galley/38081/download/"}]}]}