{"count":38386,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=36300","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=36100","results":[{"pk":36686,"title":"1988-1989 CATESOL Board of Directors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04r6x775","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36686/galley/27536/download/"}]},{"pk":30703,"title":"Abstraction Processes During Concept Learning: A Structural View","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mg8p8hp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Skorstad","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""},{"first_name":"Dedre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Genter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""},{"first_name":"Doug","middle_name":"","last_name":"Medin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30703/galley/20552/download/"}]},{"pk":36684,"title":"Abstracts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80b8k03w","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36684/galley/27534/download/"}]},{"pk":30705,"title":"Access and Use of Previous Solutions In a Problem Solving Situation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An important component of problem solving is the ability to make use of previous examples.This requires noticing the relevance between the current and previous problems. W e examine the role of the superficial and structural relations among problems and the remindings that these similarities elicit in a problem solving situation. Students learned to program in an electronic book environment in which they were able to store and later retrieve solved problems. Their use of jM-evious solutions suggests that novices are indeed sensitive to structural similarities and can use retrieved solutions in new problem situations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50319691","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeremiah","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Faries","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Reiser","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30705/galley/20554/download/"}]},{"pk":30720,"title":"A Comparison of Context Effects for Typicality and Category Membership Ratings","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p52m04r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leslie","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Caplan","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Institute of Mental Health","department":""},{"first_name":"Robin","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Barr","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Institute on Aging","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30720/galley/20569/download/"}]},{"pk":30750,"title":"A Computational Model of Reactive Depression","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d78x4zm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Charles","middle_name":"","last_name":"Webster","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Richerd","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Glass","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gordon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Banks","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30750/galley/20599/download/"}]},{"pk":30681,"title":"A Computational Model of Syntactic Ambiguity as a Lexical Process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3832h309","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Curt","middle_name":"","last_name":"Burgess","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Hollbach","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30681/galley/20530/download/"}]},{"pk":30671,"title":"A connectionist model of selective attention in visual perception","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a model of selective attention that is part of a connectionist object recognition system called MORSEL MORSEL is capable of identifying multiple objects presented simultaneously on its\"retina,\" but because of capacity limitations, MORSEL requires attention to prevent it from trying to do too much at once Attentional selection is performed by a network of simple computing units that constructs a variable-diameter \"spotlight\" on the retina, allowing sensory information within the spotlight to be preferentially processed. Simulations of the model demonstrate that attention is more critical for less familiar items and that attention can be used to reduce inter-item crosstalk The model suggests four distinct roles of attention in visual information processing, as well as a novel view of attentional selection that has characteristics of both early and late selection theories.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hz7t7tv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Mozer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30671/galley/20520/download/"}]},{"pk":30746,"title":"Acquiring Computer Skills by Exploration versus Demonstration","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qg4x9wh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Franz","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schmalhofer","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Otto","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kuhn","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30746/galley/20595/download/"}]},{"pk":30657,"title":"Action Planning: Routine Computing Tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vs4w1kz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Suzanne","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Mannes","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Walter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kintsch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30657/galley/20506/download/"}]},{"pk":30710,"title":"A Dynamical Theory of the Powe-Law of Learning in Problem-Solving","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous power-law of practice has been a touch-tone of cognitive models. It predicts that the speed of performance of a task will improve as the power of the number of times that the task is performed. In this paper we derive the power-law from a graph dynamical theory of learning by considering change^ in problem->space graph topology due to the addition of operators,and alterations in the decision-procedure used to decide which operator to apply at a particular.The general approach of applying dynamical principle.-^ to cognitive problems holds much promise in unifying other' areas of learning and intelligent activity.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Chunking. Macro Operator Formation. Power-Law Speedup. 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We describe a model, implemented as a computer simulation, that constructs a hierarchical representation of metric structure that conforms to the requirements of Lerdahl & Jackendoff's(1983) generative theory. The model integrates bottom-up processing of score data with top-down processes that generate predictions of temporal structure,and with rules of organization that correspond to musical intuition. Several examples of the program's output are used to illustrate these processes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n09z5sz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"O.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New York","department":""},{"first_name":"Don","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Scarborough","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New York","department":""},{"first_name":"Jacqueline","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Jones","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New 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Madison","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30673/galley/20522/download/"}]},{"pk":30652,"title":"Analyzing a connectionist model as a system of soft rules","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2846n9f5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Clayton","middle_name":"","last_name":"McMillan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smolensky","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30652/galley/20501/download/"}]},{"pk":30675,"title":"An Unsupported PDP Learning Model for Action Planning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7916z636","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yoshiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miyata","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bell Communications 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University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30647/galley/20496/download/"}]},{"pk":30694,"title":"A Process-Oriented, Intensional Model of Knowledge and Belief","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3759f21k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Hadley","name_suffix":"","institution":"Simon Fraser University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30694/galley/20543/download/"}]},{"pk":30711,"title":"Assessing the Structure of Knowledge In a Procedural Domain","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h35h2gk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michel","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Desmarais","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Montreal","department":""},{"first_name":"Luc","middle_name":"","last_name":"Giroux","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Montreal","department":""},{"first_name":"Serge","middle_name":"","last_name":"Larochelle","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of 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Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30678/galley/20527/download/"}]},{"pk":30659,"title":"A Theory of Simplicity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The simplicity of a hypothesis for a person cannot be measured by the simplicity of the person's representation of that hypothesis (for example, the number of symbols used), because any hypothesis can be represented with a single symbol. A better measure of simplicity is the ease with which the hypothesis can be used to account for actual and foreseeable data. But it is also important to allow for different ways in which data might be represented. W e suggest that the relevant ways of representing data are those ways in which the person is interested, i.e., those representations that most directly help to answer questions the person wants to answer. In particular, we suggest that the simplicity of a hypothesis for a person is determined by the shortness of the connection between that hypothesis and the data that interest the person, as measured by the number of intermediate steps he or she needs to appreciate in order to appreciate the complete connection.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"simplicity"},{"word":"explanation"},{"word":"inference"},{"word":"hypothesis"}],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86m5q6sf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gilbert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ranney","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ken","middle_name":"","last_name":"Salem","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Frank","middle_name":"","last_name":"Doring","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Epstrin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Agnieszka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jaworksa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30659/galley/20508/download/"}]},{"pk":30660,"title":"Basic Levels in Hierarchically Structured Categories","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bt6w52k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Corter","name_suffix":"","institution":"Columbia University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Gluck","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gordon","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Bower","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30660/galley/20509/download/"}]},{"pk":36689,"title":"Cambodian Refugees: Factors Affecting Their Assimilation and English Language Acquisition.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the U.S. today, there are approximately 140,000 Cambodian (Khmer) refugees who were forced to flee their country to escape the excessively traumatic rule of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. The vast majority of Khmer refugees came from an overwhelmingly rural, nonwestern background and many have not been successful in learning English, and in mainstreaming with the larger American public. This paper has two aims: (a) to present some of the connections among the history, worldview, social behaviors, and sociolinguistic patterns of the Khmer people, and, (b) to demonstrate how these features as well as the social and cultural setting of America affect their assimilation and language acquisition. Findings are based on ethnographic research currently being conducted by the author which include: teaching of ESL to adult refugees in their homes while learning the Khmer language herself, participant observation, extensive family interviews, and community service activities.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13m9x7nk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Usha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Welaratna","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36689/galley/27539/download/"}]},{"pk":36685,"title":"CATESOL Journal Editorial Staff","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k52h7v0","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36685/galley/27535/download/"}]},{"pk":30719,"title":"Causal Reasoning about Complex Physiological Mechanisms by Novices","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nt532k9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anoop","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Chawla","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Vimla","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30719/galley/20568/download/"}]},{"pk":36691,"title":"Changing Models for Writing Instruction: Helping ESL Writers Develop a Sense of Audience.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the history of the popularity of the modes of discourse (narration, description, and so on) and shows the change in focus in composition from the modes to the rhetorical situation, with an emphasis on audience. Letter writing is a pedagogical strategy that draws students’ attention to the need for consideration of audience. Letter writing activities in writing classes at California State University, Los Angeles; University of California, Los Angeles; and the University of Southern California informally illustrate the benefits of this rich communicative activity for both native and nonnative students of writing. This approach is suggested, not as an alternative to academic writing, but as an entrance into the rhetorical situation of academic discourse.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hc5v41z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Roy","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Sandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mano","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36691/galley/27541/download/"}]},{"pk":30732,"title":"Cirrus: Inducing Subject Models From Protocol Data","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3835g89c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bernadette","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kowalski","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kurt","middle_name":"","last_name":"VanLehn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30732/galley/20581/download/"}]},{"pk":30697,"title":"Cognitive Flexibility Theory: Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dr9x302","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Randolph","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Spiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","department":""},{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Coulson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Feltovich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30697/galley/20546/download/"}]},{"pk":30689,"title":"Collaborative Cognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kz2d0x6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Fox","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Lorraine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Karen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30689/galley/20538/download/"}]},{"pk":36692,"title":"Comprehensible Textbooks in Science for the Non-Native English Speaker: Evidence from Discourse Analysis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper develops practical applications of the author’s 1983 work, which used discourse analysis to compare textbooks providing practical scientific knowledge for ninth grade general science. The author collected data on the reading comprehension of 72 subjects (30 nonnative and 42 native English-speaking students) on the same passages. Her research considered readability of textbooks on three planes: (1) usage, (2) use, and (3) interaction. The main implication derived from the study is that both nonnative and native English readers will greatly benefit from instructional materials and teaching strategies that provide multiple access to science information. This supports the research findings of Cummins (1981, 1982), Krashen (1981,1982), Widdowson (1978,1979), Long (1982,1985), and Long and Sati (1983) on sheltering (contextualizing), higher level questioning, authentic language, and interaction for second language acquisition. Implications for textbook writers and selectors and content area and ESL teachers are given, along with suggestions for sheltering the English of science textbooks.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fb1k7wk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Addison","name_suffix":"","institution":"Santa Maria Joint Union High School District","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36692/galley/27542/download/"}]},{"pk":30729,"title":"Conceptual Slippage and Analogy-Making: A Report on the Copycat Project","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k4169n5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Hofstadter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Melanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mitchell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30729/galley/20578/download/"}]},{"pk":30739,"title":"Conjoint Syntactic and Semantic Context Effects: Tasks and Represntations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Syntactic and semantic relatedness were orthogonally varied in a series of experiments by presenting semantically related and unrelated noun and verb targets in phrasal contexts syntactically disposing to nouns or verbs. In addition, the subjects' task, naming or lexical decision on the target, was varied across experiments. In lexical decision,semantic facilitation and inhibition effects depended on context-target match, especially for noun targets. In several experiments, naming data showed only weak semantic effects, which were not modulated by context-target match. However, there was clear evidence of syntactic inhibition in these experiments. Finally, robust semantic facilitation was observed in a naming experiment where contexts and targets were always syntactically matched. Thus, although in some experiments lexical decision appeared to reflect additional text-level integration processes to which naming was immune, the naming task was less consistent across experiments. This contradiction may be resolved if a distinction is introduced between situations where lexical targets are part of the sequence being tested and situations where they are external probes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1738b2z1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Padraig","middle_name":"","last_name":"O'Seaghdha","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30739/galley/20588/download/"}]},{"pk":30734,"title":"Constructing Coherent Text using Rhetorical Relations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77m0h22z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Johanna","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Moore","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Cecile","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Paris","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30734/galley/20583/download/"}]},{"pk":30656,"title":"Context Effects in the Comprehension of Idioms","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rp5b2c8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Patrizia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tabossi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universitya Di Bologna, Italia","department":""},{"first_name":"Christina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cacciari","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universitya Di Bologna, Italia","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30656/galley/20505/download/"}]},{"pk":30692,"title":"Creatures of Habit A Computational System to Enhance and Illuminate the Development of Scientific Thinking","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b666539","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pea","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eisenberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Franklyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Turbak","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30692/galley/20541/download/"}]},{"pk":30735,"title":"Defeasibility In Concept Combination: A Criterial Approach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zf5t9s6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bradley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Franks","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Terry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Myers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"","last_name":"McGlashan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30735/galley/20584/download/"}]},{"pk":36693,"title":"Demographic Trends and Student Progress in the San Jose City College ESL Program, 1982-1987","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the past 10 years immigrant ESL students have become a growing presence on community college campuses throughout California. Because the need for ESL was at first regarded as temporary and because its growth has been so rapid, there has been little opportunity to assess the progress and prospects of students and programs. This study follows 1,000 students entering a credit ESL program over 10 semesters—from fall, 1982 to spring, 1987. It also examines the overall demographic trends of the program. Finally, it makes recommendations primarily to ensure equity in issues affecting ESL programs.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cz1r0kr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gosak","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose City College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36693/galley/27543/download/"}]},{"pk":30730,"title":"Direct Inferences in a Connectionist Knowledge Structure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A model of human cognition is proposed in which all concept properties are context dependent. Concepts are comprised of multiple facets, each motivated by a different functional property. A connectionist implementation is presented in which conceptual modification yields the 'direct inferences' implicit in the structure of a knowledge base.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tx4v271","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Hollbach","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30730/galley/20579/download/"}]},{"pk":30700,"title":"Effects of Age and Skill on Domain-Specific Visual Search","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12n4s8r3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephanie","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Clancy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Hoyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30700/galley/20549/download/"}]},{"pk":30679,"title":"Empirical Analyses and Connectionist Modeling of Real-Time Human Image Understanding","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kn514wc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Irving","middle_name":"","last_name":"Biederman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Blickle","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""},{"first_name":"Ginny","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ju","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""},{"first_name":"H.","middle_name":"John","last_name":"Hilton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Hummel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30679/galley/20528/download/"}]},{"pk":36688,"title":"English as a Bridge Between Cultures: Scotland, Carolina, and California.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the function of holy texts in unifying diverse societies. Scotland and South Carolina, usually considered to be monolingual and homogeneous societies, are compared with contemporary multicultural California. How Scotland and South Carolina used specific written texts to unify peoples speaking many languages is discussed, with implications for California. The established church and school in Scotland, the competing churches and schools in Carolina, and the public school system in California are examined as agents in social and language change. The texts that might serve as unifying ones for a society like that of contemporary California are discussed, as well as the central role of educators in choosing texts that express shared social and spiritual values.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/003058pb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Patricia","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Nichols","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36688/galley/27538/download/"}]},{"pk":30649,"title":"Experiments With Sequential Associative Memories","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans are very good at manipulating sequential information, but sequences present special problems for connectionist models.As an approach to sequential problems we have examined totally connected subnetworks of cells called sequential associative memories (SAM's). The coefficients for S A M cells are unmodifiable and are generated at random.A subnetwork of S A M cells performs two tasks:1. Their activations determine a state for the network that permits previous inputs andoutputs to be recalled, and2. They increase the dimensionality of input and output representations to make it possible for other (modifiable) cells in the network to learn difficult tasks.The second function is similar to the distributed method, a way of generating intermediate cells for non-sequential problems.Results from several experiments are presented. The first is a robotic control task that required a network to produce one of several sequences of outputs when input cells were set to a corresponding 'plan number'.The second experiment was to learn a sequential version of the parity function that would generalize to arbitrarily long input strings.Finally we attempted to teach a network how to add arbitrarily long pairs of binary numbers. Here we were successful if the network contained a cell dedicated to the notion of' carry'; otherwise the network performed at less than 100% for unseen sequences longer than those used during training.Each of these tasks required a representation of state, and hence a network with feedback.All were learned using subnetworks of S A M cells.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Connectionist Models"},{"word":"learning"},{"word":"Sequences"},{"word":"Distributed Representation"},{"word":"Robotic Control"}],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5083300k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Gallant","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northeastern University","department":""},{"first_name":"Donna","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"King","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northeastern University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30649/galley/20498/download/"}]},{"pk":30704,"title":"Explanatory Coherence and Belief Revision in Naïve Physics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m55p8jw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ranney","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Thagard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30704/galley/20553/download/"}]},{"pk":30690,"title":"Explorations in Understanding How Physical Systems Work","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a theory of how to enable people to understand how physical systems work Two key hypotheses have emerged from our research. The first is that in order to understand a physical system, students need to acquire causal mental models for how the system works. Further, it is not enough to have just a single mental model. Students need alternative mental models that represent the systems behavior from different, but coordinated, perspectives, such as at the macroscopic and microscopic levels.The second hypothesis is that in order to make causal understanding feasible in the initial stages of learning, students have to be introduced to simplified models. These models then get gradually refined into more sophisticated mental models. W e will present a theory outlining (1) the properties of an easily learnable, coherent set of initial models, and (2) the types of evolutions needed for students to acquire a more powerful set of models with broad utility.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zw9r843","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"Y.","last_name":"White","name_suffix":"","institution":"BBN Laboratories","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Frederiksen","name_suffix":"","institution":"BBN Laboratories","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30690/galley/20539/download/"}]},{"pk":30661,"title":"Flexible Natural Languag Processing and Roschian Category Theory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tg5m7cc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sandra","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Peters","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""},{"first_name":"Stuart","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Shapiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Rapaport","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30661/galley/20510/download/"}]},{"pk":30738,"title":"Gain Variation in Recurrent Error Propagation Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cv1c1bb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Nowlan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30738/galley/20587/download/"}]},{"pk":30740,"title":"Generalization by humans and multi-layer adaptive networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Generalization of a pattern categorization task was investigated in a simple, deterministic,inductive learning task. Each of eight patterns in a training set was specified in terms of four binary features. After subjects learned to categorize these patterns in a supervised learning paradigm they were asked generalize their knowledge by categorizing novel patterns. We analyzed both the details of the learning process as well as subjects' generalizations to novel patterns.Certain patterns in the training set were consistency found to be more difficult to learn than others.The subsequent generalizations made by subjects indicate that in spite of important individual differences, subjects showed systematic similarities in how they generalized to novel situations.The generalization performance of subjects was compared to those that could possibly be generated by a two-layer adaptive network. A comparison of network and human generalization syndicate that using a minimal network architecture is not a sufficient constraint to guarantee that a network will generalize the way humans do.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26x531xc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pavel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Gluck","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Van","middle_name":"","last_name":"Henkle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30740/galley/20589/download/"}]},{"pk":36687,"title":"Guest Editor’s Note","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editors’ Note","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/103379rj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Denise","middle_name":"","last_name":"Murray","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Dorothy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Messerschmitt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of San Francisco","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36687/galley/27537/download/"}]},{"pk":30688,"title":"Hierarchical Problem Solving as a Means of Promoting Expertise","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tf3j84d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jose","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mestre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dufresne","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gerace","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst","department":""},{"first_name":"Pamela","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Hardiman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30688/galley/20537/download/"}]},{"pk":30672,"title":"How Near is Too Far? Talking about Visual Images","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90t9t8bs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Uri","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zernik","name_suffix":"","institution":"General Electric Corporate Research and Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Vivier","name_suffix":"","institution":"General Electric Corporate Research and Development","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30672/galley/20521/download/"}]},{"pk":30653,"title":"How to Summarize Thick Text (And Represent It Too)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ww829n6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alterman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brandeis University","department":""},{"first_name":"Lawrece","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bookamn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brandeis University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30653/galley/20502/download/"}]},{"pk":30712,"title":"Improvement in Medical Expertise Independent of Stable Knowledge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/004174nf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"G.","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Norman","name_suffix":"","institution":"McMaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"L.","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Brooks","name_suffix":"","institution":"McMaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Allen","name_suffix":"","institution":"McMaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"D.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rosenthal","name_suffix":"","institution":"McMaster University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30712/galley/20561/download/"}]},{"pk":30691,"title":"Instructional Strategies for a Coached Practice Environment","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j47g4zm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susanne","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Lajorie","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Gary","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Eggan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Alan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lesgold","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30691/galley/20540/download/"}]},{"pk":30670,"title":"Integrated Common Sense and Theoretical Mental Models In Physics Problem Solving","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Scientists have recently developed models of physicists' problem solving behavior. Their models propose a rich set of cognitive constructs including procedures (Heller and Reif, 1984), problem-solving schemata (Larkin 1983), categorization rules (Chi,Feltovich & Glaser, 1981), phenomenological primitives(diSessa 1983), forward and backward chaining (Larkin,McDermott, Simon, & Simon, 1980), and qualitative reasoning (deKleer, 1975, Forbus 1986, deKleer and Brown, 1986, and others in Bobrow, ed. 1986). These constructs have proved useful in understanding aspects of physics reasoning.This paper udll provide an analysis of physics problem solving skill that integrates cognitive constructs previously considered disparate. The main point is this:Commonsense reasoning about situations provides an indispensable resource for coping with physics problem solving complexity. More precisely, I will argue that the systematic integration of the deep structure of situational and theoretical knowledge can reproduce competent physics cognition. To support this claim I will discuss the capabilities of running computer programs, written in Prolog, that implement several representations and reasoning processes. In addition, I will show how the Prolog models capture the essence of a think-aloud protocol of a physicist recovering from an error while working a novel problem.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sz415kr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jaremy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roschelle","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30670/galley/20519/download/"}]},{"pk":30667,"title":"Integrating Case-Based and Causal Reasoning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29d25304","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Phyllis","middle_name":"","last_name":"Koton","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30667/galley/20516/download/"}]},{"pk":30664,"title":"Integrating Marker Passing and Connectionism for Handling Conceptual and Structureal Ambiguities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the problem of selecting the correct knowledge structures in parsing natural language texts which are conceptually and structurally ambiguous and require dynamic reinterpretation. An approach to this problem is presented which represnets all knowledge structures in a uniform manner and which uses a constrained marker passing mechanism augmented with elements of connectionist models. This approach is shown to have the advantage of completely integrating all parsing processes, while maintatining a simple, domain-independedt processing mechanism","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qb4256n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Sumida","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Dyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Margot","middle_name":"","last_name":"Flowers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30664/galley/20513/download/"}]},{"pk":36699,"title":"Interactive Reading by Suzanne Salimbene","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book and Media Review","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x86212m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Carolyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baker","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36699/galley/27549/download/"}]},{"pk":30684,"title":"Interprestation of Quantifier Scope Ambiguities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8v43x6qg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Howard","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Kurtzman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Maryellen","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"MacDonald","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30684/galley/20533/download/"}]},{"pk":30726,"title":"Intuitive Notions of Light and Learning About Light","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x74m92f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reiner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technion, Israel Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"M.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Finegold","name_suffix":"","institution":"Technion, Israel Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30726/galley/20575/download/"}]},{"pk":30699,"title":"Language Experience and Prose Processing in Adulthood","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25h0174d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roger","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Dixon","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Victoria","department":""},{"first_name":"Lars","middle_name":"","last_name":"Backman","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stockholm Geontology Research Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30699/galley/20548/download/"}]},{"pk":30665,"title":"Learning Subgoals and Methods for Solving Problems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f70190v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Catrambone","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"Keith","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Holyoak","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30665/galley/20514/download/"}]},{"pk":30680,"title":"Learning to Represent and Understand Locative Prepositional Phrases","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cynthia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cosic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Munro","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30680/galley/20529/download/"}]},{"pk":30669,"title":"Modeling Human Syllogistic Reasoning in Soar","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper 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H.","last_name":"Chi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Resnick","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30721/galley/20570/download/"}]},{"pk":30725,"title":"Netzsprech - Another Case for Distributed 'Rule' Systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper compares conventional symbolic rule systems with distributed network models, considerably arguing for the latter. NETZSPRECH - a network that transcribes German texts similar to NetTalk is first introduced for this purpose and serves as an example for the arguments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xh7146p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Georg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dorffner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Vienna, Austria","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30725/galley/20574/download/"}]},{"pk":30654,"title":"On-Line Processing Of A Procedural Text","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The processing of sentences, propositions, and conceptual structures was studied using a task environment which required subjects to read, interpret on-line, and recall a procedural text while reading times were measured for each sentence. A declarative representation of the conceptual frame structure of the procedure expressed in the text, as well as propositional and syntactic analysis of sentences, provided variables that were used to predict these three sets of data. Results showed that properties of the procedural frame, as well as propositional density, and clause structure predicted reading times, recall, and on-line interpretation, and that reading times decreased when high-level conceptual frame processing increased. These results were interpreted as evidence for parallel on-line conceptual processing of sentences during input. As well, reading times for information near boundaries of conceptual structure reflected some buffering in comprehension.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w1965xx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Andre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Renaud","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Carl","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Frederiksen","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30654/galley/20503/download/"}]},{"pk":30717,"title":"On The Application of Medical Basic-Science Knowledge in Clinical Reasoning: Implications For Structural Knowledge Differences Between Experts and Novices","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93k269rp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Henny","middle_name":"P.A.","last_name":"Boshuizen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Limburg","department":""},{"first_name":"H.","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Schmidt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Limburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Lorrence","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Coughlin","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30717/galley/20566/download/"}]},{"pk":30666,"title":"Opportunistic Use of Schemata for Medical Diagnosis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4686z84x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roy","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Turner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Opportunistic Use of Schemata for Medical Diagnosis","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30666/galley/20515/download/"}]},{"pk":30683,"title":"Parsing Metacommunication in Natural Language Dialogue to Understand Indirect Requests","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on development of a natural language processing system based on human communication theory. Our system, DIALS (for DIALogue Structures), implements and extends the theory of metacommunication developed in the field of human speech communication. The theory of Dialogue Structures is based on research showing that the interpretation of conversation is enabled by metacommunications helpful in managing interactions and that indirect requests are usually patterns expressing relationships in the interaction rather than simply expressing the content of the request. As such,indirect requests are best interpreted by a semantic grammar expert at managing communciation, rather than a semantic grammar knowledgable on some specific task domain. Our system, based on this approach,correctly interprets all indirect requests from a corpus of 1500 requests transcribed from tape recordings with a combined total of over 80minutes of continuous conversation of 27 dialogues between airline reservation agents and customers.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dx8f1fd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Sanford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Tech","department":""},{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Roach","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Tech","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30683/galley/20532/download/"}]},{"pk":30701,"title":"Patching up Old Plans","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent research has demonstrated the value of re-using old plans rather than creating plans from scratch. This approach to planning creates the need for efficient and flexible plan adaptation methods to transform a past plan to fit the current problem. A characteristic of plans is that they often fail. This creates the need for efficient and flexible plan repair methods. W e propose a uniform treatment of the two issues, plan adaptation and repair, based on a combination of Case-Base Reasoning and heuristics. Plan adaptation involves incremental modification of the old plan, and fixing of anticipated problems through similarity-based retrieval of cases that supply appropriate modifications. Plan repair involves explanation based retrieval of previous failures that supply possible repairs. A selected repair is then adapted to fit the current failure. The proposed approach gives a planner the flexibility to access a broad range of adaptation and repair strategies not available to planners that use either of the two methods in isolation.The approach has been implemented in the PERSUADER, a case-based planner that generates and repairs plans to resolve labor management disputes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42z6d9k3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Katia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sycara","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30701/galley/20550/download/"}]},{"pk":30741,"title":"Pattern-Based Parsing for Word-Sense Disambiguation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the study of natural language understanding, the reductionist approach has been commonly used by A, I. researchers. Here we develop a technique for parsing based on this approach. W e use a set of semantic primitives to represent word meanings and utilize patterns of sentences for mapping sentences onto meaning structures. To assist the parsing process,w e develop semantic mappings for primitive sentences, semantic transformations for decomposing complex sentences using function word sand axioms that encode world knowledge. W e then explore the application of our approach to the word polysemy problem.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gg92212","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rajesh","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Virkar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Roach","name_suffix":"","institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30741/galley/20590/download/"}]},{"pk":30728,"title":"Planning and Implementation Errors In Algorithm Design","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g96c5ph","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wayne","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Gray","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Army Research Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Albert","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Corbett","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kurt","middle_name":"Van","last_name":"Lehn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30728/galley/20577/download/"}]},{"pk":36694,"title":"Postsecondary ESL Programs in California: A Profile","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article reports the results of a survey of postsecondary English as a second language programs conducted in spring, 1985 under the auspices of the National Association for Foreign Student Affairs (NAFSA), Region XII. Student demographics, preparation and compensation of faculty, staffing levels, placement testing procedures, number of levels and contact hours offered, and other programmatic data are compared for programs serving primarily nonimmigrant (visa) international students versus those serving permanent residents, refugees and other nonnative English speakers. Also discussed are administrative concerns such as academic credit, needs and priorities, program longevity, and budget control.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Theme Section - Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8726824n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Karen","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Fox","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Long Beach","department":""},{"first_name":"Terrence","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Wiley","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Long Beach","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36694/galley/27544/download/"}]},{"pk":30731,"title":"Problem Solving is What you Do When You Don't Know What to Do","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pf0m33w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"K.","last_name":"Kochevar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Minnesota","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30731/galley/20580/download/"}]},{"pk":30737,"title":"Processing Aspectual Sematics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A computational treatment of aspect in English is presented. A set of aspectual values is introduced and discussed. The lexical and contextual clues for determining aspectual values are determined. The structure of the entry in the main dictionary supporting aspectual (as well as other types of) analysis is illustrated. A computational framework for an aspectual analyzer is described, in which the latter is conceived as one of a group of specialist analysis modules working together, in a distributed (blackboard-oriented) computational environment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jq9c54j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sergei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nirenburg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pustejovsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brandeis University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30737/galley/20586/download/"}]},{"pk":30693,"title":"Propositional Attitudes, Commonsense Reasoning and Metaphor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kz8417p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Barnden","name_suffix":"","institution":"New Mexico State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30693/galley/20542/download/"}]},{"pk":30751,"title":"Reasoning by rule or model?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95r9w8qj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"P.","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Johnson-Laird","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cambridge University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30751/galley/20600/download/"}]},{"pk":30648,"title":"Recursive Auto-Associative Memory\" Devising Compositional Distributed Representations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h33k864","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pollack","name_suffix":"","institution":"New Mexico State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30648/galley/20497/download/"}]},{"pk":30676,"title":"Representation and Recognition of Biological Motion","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m7w69f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nigel","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Goddard","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hughes Artificial Intelligence Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30676/galley/20525/download/"}]},{"pk":30650,"title":"Representing part-whole hierarchies in connectionist networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49j4k2b5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Geoffrey","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Hinton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30650/galley/20499/download/"}]},{"pk":30713,"title":"Sequential Connectionist Networks for Answering Simple Questions about a Microworld","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/814422x7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Allen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bell Communications Research","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30713/galley/20562/download/"}]},{"pk":30727,"title":"Signalling Importance in Spoken Narratives: The Cataphoric Use of the Indefinite This","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43f4d058","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Morton","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Gernsbacher","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oregon","department":""},{"first_name":"Suzanne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shroyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oregon","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30727/galley/20576/download/"}]},{"pk":30718,"title":"Similarity-Based and Explanation-Based Learning of Explanatory and Nonexplanatory Information","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We suggest that human learners employ both similarity-based learning (SBL) and explanation-based learning (EBL) procedures and that the successful use of these procedures is determined by the characteristics of the information to be learned. In a domain without underlying causal structure, multiple examples can lead to successful SBL, but not to successful EBL. In a domain with underlying causal structure, the use of appropriate background knowledge can lead to successful EBL, but not to SBL. A series of experiments was carried out in which a common initial passage was followed with a variety of different types of information (a second similar instance, a second contrasting instance, frequency data, or explanations). EBL occurred only when subjects had sufficient background knowledge and when the information to be learned could be causally structured. SBL occurred when there were multiple examples, even in domains without causal structure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7799j3bq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Woo-Kyoung","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Brewer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30718/galley/20567/download/"}]},{"pk":30749,"title":"Spatial attention and subitizing: AN invesitgation of the FINST hypothesis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9972t18t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trick","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""},{"first_name":"Zenon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pylyshyn","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Western Ontario","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30749/galley/20598/download/"}]},{"pk":30674,"title":"Spatial Reasoning Using Sinusoidal Oscillations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines some preliminary results concerning the use of sinusoidal oscillations to represent vectors in two-dimensional space. The proposed representation scheme permits efficient implementation of translation and rotation, and immediate detection of such relations as collinearity and proximity of points. This scheme is then extended so that arbitrary convex regions of the plane are represented using a pair of signals varying over time. Finally, the advantages of representing convex regions in this way are shown to derive from the resulting ease with which such regions can be translated and rotated in the plane, and—more strikingly—from the simplicity of determining whether two such regions overlap.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cz1992j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pratt","name_suffix":"","institution":"Victoria University of Manchester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30674/galley/20523/download/"}]},{"pk":36700,"title":"Strategies for Readers—Book 1 and Book 2 by Christine Pearson Casanave","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Book and Media Review","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s31h74r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Denise","middle_name":"","last_name":"Murray","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Jose State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36700/galley/27550/download/"}]},{"pk":30695,"title":"Subcognitive Probing: Hard Questions for the Turing Test","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87c2v863","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"French","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30695/galley/20544/download/"}]},{"pk":30702,"title":"Systematicity as a Selection Contraint in Analogical Mapping","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60r3g0ss","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clement","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""},{"first_name":"Dedre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Genter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30702/galley/20551/download/"}]},{"pk":36697,"title":"Teachers’ and Administrators’ Concerns About the TOEFL Test of Written English","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"CATESOL Exchange","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1r58j0s9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alice","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Roy","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University, Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36697/galley/27547/download/"}]},{"pk":30743,"title":"Text Comprehension: Macrostructure and Frame","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0j5366xp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Rossi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University de Poitiers","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30743/galley/20592/download/"}]},{"pk":30687,"title":"The Architecture of Children's Physics Knowledge a Problem-Solving Perspective","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The project investigated the nature of young children's physics knowledge and the architecture of its development. I utilized two contexts of development for this purpose: comparison of cross-age developments in knowledge of a domain and finegrained analysis of developments that occurred in the context of problem-resolution.The empirical base consisted of three conditions, under which preschoolers were asked to establish equilibrium on the pan balance. Analysis focused on the child's transformation of a number-based to a weight-based approach to the problem. All the conditions employed the same nine sets of elements to be balanced; the conditions varied a) whether or not the child received feedback from the apparatus and b) order of set presentation (total n= 56). A sequence of fine-grained analyses of the videotaped data lead to a view of children's physics knowledge as localized and context-sensitive;with the steps involved in its development as remarkably limited in extension : in a) the scope within which they come to represent weight or weight differences (e.g. discrete elements versus collective weight of elements in a pan) b) the scope of contexts in which they come to view weight as relevant to the goal of mechanical equilibrium and c) the bounds of diagnostic and causal implications","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73n9k418","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathleen","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Metz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30687/galley/20536/download/"}]},{"pk":30736,"title":"The Comprehension of Architectural Plans by Expert and Sub-Expert Architects","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g51z1dg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Janice","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Gobert","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Carl","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Frederiksen","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30736/galley/20585/download/"}]},{"pk":30662,"title":"The Induction of Mental Structures While Learning to Use Symbolic Systems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Subjects learned to map phrase-structure-defined strings onto geometric figure arrays. \"String-generation\" subjects produced symbol strings corresponding to arrays; \"String-interpretation\" subjects constructed arrays corresponding to strings. \"Mixed\" subjects alternated between these tasks.Subjects' knowledge of symbol sequence acceptability was periodically probed.Mixed subjects learned the structure dramatically faster than other subjects.This suggests that natural acquisition of structure underlying symbol-world mapping systems like language depends on learning multi-directional mappings","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00r7g8s8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"T.","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Beaver","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Ralph","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Hansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30662/galley/20511/download/"}]},{"pk":30723,"title":"The Minimal Chain Principle: A Cross-linguistic Study of Syntactic Parsing Strategies","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q6440s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marica","middle_name":"","last_name":"De Vincenzi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1988-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30723/galley/20572/download/"}]}]}