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Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kb5c09v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Salazar J.","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2013-06-29T00:23:41-05:00","date_accepted":"2013-06-29T00:23:41-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60424/galley/46389/download/"}]},{"pk":55632,"title":"The Igbo Folktale: Performance and Internal Characteristics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No 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Pyle","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03g2z2cf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Desmond","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-28T23:31:32-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-28T23:31:32-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61030/galley/46994/download/"}]},{"pk":60995,"title":"The Legacy of the Shoup Mission: Taxation Inequities and Tax Reform in Japan","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wn0f37c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vicki","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Beyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-27T23:02:33-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-27T23:02:33-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60995/galley/46959/download/"}]},{"pk":55647,"title":"The Moral Imperative in Revolution-making: A Critical Review of Riding the Whirlwind: An Ethiopian Story of Love and Revolution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No abstract","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Review 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Caledonia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hp6q1mf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Ntumy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-27T23:01:17-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-27T23:01:17-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60994/galley/46958/download/"}]},{"pk":55635,"title":"The Sounds of Lions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No abstract","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Short 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Bradford","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reynolds","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2015-04-21T01:24:32-05:00","date_accepted":"2015-04-21T01:24:32-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_nblj/article/57631/galley/43808/download/"}]},{"pk":61029,"title":"The U.S.-Taiwan Copyright Agreement: Cooperation or Coercion?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5441n613","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-28T23:30:07-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-28T23:30:07-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61029/galley/46993/download/"}]},{"pk":55639,"title":"Three Poems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No 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Miguel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-07-23T13:12:40-05:00","date_accepted":"2018-07-23T13:12:40-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53361/galley/40271/download/"}]},{"pk":61024,"title":"Unleashing a Tiger: Financial Deregulation in Taiwan","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sg6d23c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Bennett","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-28T23:24:45-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-28T23:24:45-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/61024/galley/46988/download/"}]},{"pk":55637,"title":"Untitled","subtitle":null,"abstract":"No 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Spanish","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Linguistics","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56g7n7pm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kirk","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Widdison","name_suffix":"","institution":"Illinois State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2018-07-23T13:23:11-05:00","date_accepted":"2018-07-23T13:23:11-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53368/galley/40278/download/"}]},{"pk":60996,"title":"Violent Repression in Burma: Human Rights and the Global Response","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Comments","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05k6p059","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rudy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guyon","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2014-03-27T23:05:31-05:00","date_accepted":"2014-03-27T23:05:31-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T18:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60996/galley/46960/download/"}]},{"pk":60434,"title":"Will Federal Environmental Regulation be Permitted to Infringe on State Vested Water Rights?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"[No 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Education","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6968/galley/4089/download/"}]},{"pk":6966,"title":"Attention-Getting Strategies of Deaf Children at the Dinner Table","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study investigates one facet of the language socialization process of Deaf children with Deaf parents, specifically, how they learn to get attention as a speaker in order to participate in an American Sign Language (ASL) conversation. The database consists of a videotape of an hour-long dinner attended by three Deaf children (aged 3-6 years), their two Deaf mothers, and a Deaf researcher. Small segments of the interaction, transcribed from the videotape, show not only successful and unsuccessful attention-getting strategies used by one Deaf child in the group but also adult and peer responses to her novice-like efforts. This child's attempts at getting attention demonstrate that while she could perform many culturally appropriate attention-getting behaviors (e.g., tapping, hand-waving, eye-gaze), she was still in the process of developing awareness of the relative impact of the various strategies and the ability to judge pragmatic conditions appropriate to their use. The mothers' and peers' cooperation helped to facilitate the child's participation, by modelling specifically Deaf discourse strategies for communication in a multi-party setting. This study shows that such modelling enables Deaf children in a Deaf context to become autonomous partners in interaction with their parents and peers at an early age.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk534j2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"L","last_name":"McKee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kristen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nathie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marbury","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6966/galley/4087/download/"}]},{"pk":6964,"title":"Counselor and Student at Talk: A Case Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores ways in which expert and novice roles are constituted and maintained in an academic counseling encounter. By characterizing the counseling meeting as a socializing, problem-solving event and using both functional linguistics and discourse analysis as our methodological tools, we describe how the counselor' and the student mark stance through linguistic choices such as polarity, modality, superlatives, and reported speech. We also argue that the practice of withholding is an important means for both participants to create a zone of proximal development for whoever of them is the less expertized and that such a practice plays an important role in the power dynamics of the academic counseling encounter.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88t4s5q6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Agnes","middle_name":"W","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Keating","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6964/galley/4085/download/"}]},{"pk":6965,"title":"Evidentiality and Politeness in Japanese","subtitle":null,"abstract":"According to language socialization theory, language learning does not occur in isolation but is intimately related to the process of becoming a competent member of the target language society (Ochs & Schieffelin, 1984). To become competent members of society, language learners must learn, among other things, how to display their knowledge appropriately, using epistemic markers (evidentials) effectively. In this paper, the importance of epistemic markers in language socialization is discussed from the perspective of the second language classroom, the broader goal of the study being to more fully understand what second language learners must acquire in order to become competent members of the target language community. Through analysis of a conversation among Japanese teachers outside the classroom, this paper investigates the linguistic resources for constituting epistemic stance in Japanese. Like English, Japanese evidentiality can be marked with adverbials and idiomatic phrases. In addition, Japanese is rich in sentence-final particles which directly index interactive contexts. The function of epistemic markers in Japanese discourse is investigated, focusing on how epistemic markers, such as sentence-final particles, adverbials, and hedges function to reduce speaker responsibility.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29x4q44m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"S","last_name":"Ohta","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6965/galley/4086/download/"}]},{"pk":6969,"title":"Language Policy in Southern Africa: Perspectives From Three International Conferences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0739s6dr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Povey","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6969/galley/4090/download/"}]},{"pk":6960,"title":"Now We Are Two","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jn2756m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sally","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6960/galley/4082/download/"}]},{"pk":6967,"title":"Scientists' Orientation to an Experimental Apparatus in Their Interaction in a Chemistry Lab","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship between scientists' orientation to one another and to an experimental apparatus, analyzing as data a videotaped authentic interaction among co-workers in a chemistry laboratory. It demonstrates how the scientists display systematic orientation to the apparatus as their common spatial point of reference on the one hand and as the physical embodiment of the experiment on the other hand.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79w437k5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Egbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6967/galley/4088/download/"}]},{"pk":6961,"title":"Socialization through Language and Interaction: A Theoretical Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h33n5z5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elinor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ochs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6961/galley/4083/download/"}]},{"pk":6963,"title":"The Constitution of Expert-Novice in Scientific Discourse","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that an examination of expert-novice relationships in unfolding interaction should not proceed from the static and unidirectional view that knowledge and status are distributed as functions of a priori categories such as age, gender, and hierarchical rank. Although analysis of interactional sequences from the group meetings of a university physics team reveals the co-occurrence of professional status and expertise in some segments of the data, we show, through a conversation analytic approach, that the constitution of expert-novice in dynamic interaction is a much more complicated, shifting, moment-by-moment reconstruction of Self and Other, whether within a speaker's talk or between speakers. We demonstrate that the constitution of a participant as expert at any moment in ongoing interaction can also be a simultaneous constitution of some other participant (or participants) as less expert, and that these interactionally achieved identities are only candidate constitutions of Self and Other until some next interactional move either ratifies or rejects them in some way. This way of viewing expert-novice relations can help account not only for the bidirectionality postulated in those models of apprenticeship, socialization, and learning which are based on activity theory but also for change and innovation in communities of practice. The implication for research raised by this study is that the analysis of language use ought to go beyond the extrinsic social, cultural, and biological identities of speakers and recipients; it should include an analysis of how utterances constitute these identities and how utterances are organized despite these identities.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd7z5k4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sally","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacoby","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gonzales","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-12-31T02:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6963/galley/4084/download/"}]},{"pk":3562,"title":"Abstracts and Titles of Student Work","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recent PhD Dissertations, Masters Theses and Professional Reports from the Department of City and Regional Planning.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"DCRP News","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1605p372","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"DCRP","middle_name":"","last_name":"Students","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T20:11:14-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T20:11:14-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3562/galley/2319/download/"}]},{"pk":3561,"title":"A Review of Industrial Policy, Transportation Policy, and the Evolution of Autocracy in America","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Due to an apparent technological foul-up, the fol­ lowing article arivedr via the BPI's fax machine on September 1 1, 1991. Dated 11 September, 2042, it was clearly intended for con­ sideration by another generation of editors. We were unable to send it back to its proper time, nor did we succeed in contacting the author (who may not yet be born). Though we are unable to confirm the absolute veracity ofthe facts and conclusions presented in this brief review, we have elected to print it as submitted, since we cannot confirm their falsehood either.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Urban Fringe","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fc1q0kr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ford","middle_name":"Mazda","last_name":"Ford","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T20:08:58-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T20:08:58-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3561/galley/2318/download/"}]},{"pk":3554,"title":"Bridging the Macro with the Micro Through the Lived Experiences of the Community: The Calcha of Bolivia and Community Development Planning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Community development planning depends, for its success, on a bottom-up approach and a depe understanding of local culture. In this paper, a case of economic development planning invoMng the Calcha, an ethnic group living in southern Bolivia, is used to illustrate how different the understanding of a same reality can be for planners and for local residents. Planners are urged to look at communities not as given objects but as cultural entities being continu­ ously created and adapted through the interpretive work of individuals and households interacting with one another and with their changing environment.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f1122sd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marcelo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cruz","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:52:18-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:52:18-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3554/galley/2311/download/"}]},{"pk":3555,"title":"Capping Impacts Instead of Development: an Alternative Approach to Growth Management","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Traditional growth management techniques that focus on regulating the amount of development often fall short of their objectives because of the weak relationship that aists betwene the amount ofgrowth and its impacts. Performance zoning and similar efof rts to control impacts are insufficient solutions because they ignore the cumulative effects of new and aisting development. jurisdictions are aperimenting with a new approach where caps are put on impacts rather than development. This is different from previous strategies because it focuses on ambient conditions and the impacts of newandaistingdevelopment. Cappingimpactsentailsset­ ting cumulative impact standards, devising a strategy to achieve them, and following a program to monitor progress and make necessal}' adjustments. While capping impacts is not without its technical and political difficulties, it does offer the potential for more effective growth mana&ement.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xt104xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gary","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pivo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:54:15-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:54:15-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3555/galley/2312/download/"}]},{"pk":3553,"title":"Industrial and Occupational Change in Los Angeles: The Concentration and Polarization of Minority and White Laborers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Metropolitan Los Angeles is one of the laJgeSt inclustnal regions in the world and one of the most important destina­ tions of immigrants in the U.S. 1his artide examines the relationship between the city's old and new workforce (immi­ grants, women, and baby boomers). It addresses the ques­ tion: how did Latinos, Nrican-Americans, and whites \"rit\" into Los Angeles' economy between 1970 and 1980. Several theories about the position of minorities and women in post­ industrial society are analyzed for their applicability to Los Angeles: (1) mismatch; (2) polarization; and (3) ethnic succes­ sion. The author, using a shift-share method employed in a similar study on New York Oty, tests the ethnic succession hypothesis in Los Angeles. He condudes that, unlike New York, Los Angeles' white population did not decrease in its total employment, thus not allowing for a large minority employmentsuccession. Ukewise,themismatchandpolari­ zation theories do not fully capture what is occurring in Los Angeles. Instead, laborers in Los Angeles cOntinue to be con­ centratedinjobsalonglinesofraceandgender. Inaddition, minority and female workers are concentrated in /ow-paying and low-skilled jobs, which contributes to wase polarization by race and gender.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4216k3jp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valenzuela, Dr.","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:50:03-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:50:03-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3553/galley/2310/download/"}]},{"pk":3552,"title":"Institutions and the Growth of Silicon Valley","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The success ofSilicon Valley is generally explained with refer­ ence to free-market competition or to government conlracls. Proponents of these explanations overlook the critical role of informal and formal relationships among the region's engi­ neers and executives and among its firms. This artide desribes the growth and evolution of Silicon Valleyasan indus­ trial district, from an early phase characterized by private networks to one characterized by more formal otganizations. The existing institutional infrastructure, however, is found to be inadequate in the face of emetging threats to the \"'Bion's industry. New collective institutions and public forums are required if local companies are to meet the growing chal­ lenge of international competition, if they are to secure a skilled work-force, and if they are to solve the transportation, housing, and environmental problems which affect them.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84p572qh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"AnnaLee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saxenian","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:47:16-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:47:16-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3552/galley/2309/download/"}]},{"pk":3550,"title":"Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The year 1991 certainly has been fertile in extraordinary events. The war in the Persian Gulf and the failed coup d'etat in the Soviet Union will receive ample space in history textbooks. The same probably holds for the confirmation of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States and the after-shocks of his confirmation hearings. Yet in the short term, perhaps another development is of greater significance to planners and planning academics. This year has also been the year of \"political correctness.\" With the \"PC\" debate, what came to the fore are not only academic problems but also, and more importantly, problems of collective identity and of the distribution of power in a multicultural society.\n \nAll of these events, international and national, are linked by more than a common position in the calendar. In each of them-the breakdown of the Soviet empire, the Gulf War, and the debate over \"political correct­ ness\"-one specific issue deserves further attention here. That issue is: critique vs. orthodoxy.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editorial Notes","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bv4h3wf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Raphael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fischler","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:43:20-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:43:20-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3550/galley/2307/download/"}]},{"pk":3551,"title":"Managing Growth in the World's Cities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Major western cities have experienced strong growth in the 1980s and have become poly-nucleated urban areas. In order to solve the problems that growth and decentralization have created or exacerbated-in particular, housing and transportation problems-officials and planners have proposed and sometimes implemented new development policiesandnewformsofmetropolitanplanning. Thisarticle provides an overview of the major issues facing western world cities, presents the pros and cons of alternative courses of action, and proposes a set of guidelines to mitigate the social costs of cu\"ent metropolitan growth.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6085f886","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Peter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hall","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:45:10-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:45:10-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3551/galley/2308/download/"}]},{"pk":3557,"title":"Neo-Traditional Development: The Debate","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the hottest topics in the planning field today is the concept of nee-traditional development-that is, the creation of new communities that look and function like towns of times past. Nearly every issue of the American Planning Association's monthly Planning has an article related in some way to this topic, and these articles are inevitably fol­ lowed each month by numerous letters from around the country. At the july conference of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning and the Association of European Schools of Planning, several papers from both American and European researchers addressed the topic either directly or indirectly. The American Institute of City Planners' Training Service held a series of workshops, entitled \"Nee-traditional Town Planning\" last spring and summer.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97k3026t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Susan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Handy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:58:25-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:58:25-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3557/galley/2314/download/"}]},{"pk":3556,"title":"Planning for Higher Residential Densities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The purpose ofthis paper is to explore some ofthe reasons for suburban resistance to higher-density housing developments and to propose some policies which will address underlying concerns without sacrificing the density itself. Threecasesare examined where a parcel of land was developed amid existing singlfamily neighborhoods. Aside from opposition to socio­ economic and racial integration, the dominant concerns were the physical character of the new development-the size of the abuildings and the quality of construction and maintenance-and a fear of (overall) change in the physical character of the existing neighborhood.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p44f7kt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bergdoll","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T19:56:29-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T19:56:29-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3556/galley/2313/download/"}]},{"pk":3558,"title":"Privatization of Transportation Investments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, there has been a wave of public support in many countries for privatization and deregulation in a number of indus­ tries. One of the industries in which privatization is most controversial is urban transportation. In some ways, urban transportation has been the most resistant to privatization, both in the intellectual/theoretical realm and in the political realm. Nevertheless, there is increasing dis­ cussion of privatization to transportation. Recently, the Governor of Massachusetts appointed a task force to study the possibility of privatiz­ ing the maintenance of highways, commuter rail lines, and Boston's Logan Airport (Wall Street journal, May 1, 1991) . There are talks of privatizing the airports of Philadelphia and Los Angeles, and of privatiz­ ing transportation services in other cities. In any case, the arguments for and against privatization are different in many ways for the transpor­ tation sector because of the unique characteristics of urban transporta­ tion markets. Among the special characteristics is the common expecta­ tion that urban transportation, unlike most commodities and services, should operate in order to meet a variety of social goals beyond mere efficiency, including distributional, environmental, and political goals.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/033275vg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pnina","middle_name":"Ohana","last_name":"Plaut","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T20:00:58-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T20:00:58-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3558/galley/2315/download/"}]},{"pk":3560,"title":"The Making of the Future: Limits of and Alternatives to Forecasting in the Planning Process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One of the distinctive features of planning is its orientation toward the future and its attempt to cope with uncertainties about the future. In planning practice, the task of predicting the future is mainly materi­ alized in projections and forecasts. However, when using projection and forecast in planning processes, we often encounter the problem of inconsistency between the forecast, the plan, and the outcome. In this paper, I will review the major limits of forecasting methods, then explore alternative ones. I propose that the problems of existing fore­ casting methods are mainly due to the use of pre-fixed and narrowly­ defined models to apprehend the dynamic social processes in which planning actions as well as socio-economic and political forces interact. This general problem is to be analyzed at three levels. At the technical level, the need for manageable models and the lack of .adequate information have been the major limits of forecasting; at the epistemo­ logical level, the static prediction of a contingent future has inevitably led to contradictions between forecasting and planning; at the political level, political use of forecasts and incoherence between political prerequisites of the plan and the existing political structure have greatly contributed to the problem.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz342bw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"You-tien","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsing","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T20:05:58-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T20:05:58-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3560/galley/2317/download/"}]},{"pk":3559,"title":"What Motivates California's Global Promotion Efforts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"State governments in the U.S. have increasingly been promoting their business climate and products abroad. The motivation behind these efforts at \"global promotion\" might seem obvious to persons acquainted with export base theory. According to this theory, growth in a region's total economy-usually measured in either jobs or income -is a function of growth in its export or \"basic\" sectors; one builds an economy by building exports.\n \nExport base theory has been a mainstay of economic development literature, and students of economic development theory probably would not be surprised to see state governments across the country engaging in global promotion. Thus, policy-makers in this area appear to be applying a well-established theory to the practical problem of enhancing economic development.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Essays","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d98w8d9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Axelrad","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2012-07-25T20:03:24-05:00","date_accepted":"2012-07-25T20:03:24-05:00","date_published":"1991-07-25T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3559/galley/2316/download/"}]},{"pk":6951,"title":"Arabization in Tunisia: The Tug of War","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study presents the policy of Arabization in Tunisia as an example of language planning which has been used to pursue and maintain power. It argues that Arabization has been promoted only to the extent that it served the interests of the politico-economic ruling elite. After reviewing the relevant literature, the study evaluates the language situation in Tunisia in terms of the degree of implementation of Arabization in three domains: 1) education; 2) government administration; 3) the media and general use. The study shows that the official authorities have been quite inconsistent in promoting Arabization, and that they have encouraged bilingualism (Arabic and French) and biculturalism (Arab-Islamic and Western European, mainly French) much more consistently. In this light, the study analyzes the attitudes and objectives of the authorities, who represent the influential elites, as they interact with other competing elites in order to maintain power.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v1089k4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mohamed","middle_name":"","last_name":"Daoud","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6951/galley/4073/download/"}]},{"pk":6953,"title":"Frames and Coherence in Sam Shepard's \nFool for Love","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study in linguistic stylistics examines the coherence in Sam Shepard's play \nFool for Love\n by focussing on the relationship of speech exchanges to frames and the relationship of frames to one another. A frame, defined as the activity that the speakers are engaged in, consists of two types: (1) single-speaker frames, which involve only one speaker and an implied or passive listener, and (2) multi-speaker frames, which involve more than one speaker. The following paper, however, will examine only multi-speaker frames.\n\n\nBecause frame analysis enables one to focus on units larger than those usually examined in linguistic stylistics, it can be seen to provide a clearer understanding of textual coherence in dramatic texts. Specifically, the study argues that both coherence in Shepard's play results when speech exchanges and frames are formed into patterns which the reader perceives as unified wholes, and that coherence may result when even discontinuous utterances are organized into a pattern which the reader can perceive as a unified whole. On a larger scale, it is shown that discontinous frames can themselves be arranged into a pattern which can be perceived as coherent by the reader, and that overall coherence depends not upon continuity between frames, but rather on the arrangement of discontinous or continuousframes into a coherent whole.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70b0s7qp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vaidehi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ramanathan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6953/galley/4075/download/"}]},{"pk":6955,"title":"Individual Differences in Second-Language Learning\n by Peter Skehan. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. 168 pp.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ph1h4x5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roger","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Nagoya University of Commerce and Business Administration","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6955/galley/4077/download/"}]},{"pk":6958,"title":"Interaction: Language and Science\n by Terry L. Powell. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1990. 290 pp.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8s94j2tp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Charlene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Polio","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6958/galley/4080/download/"}]},{"pk":6959,"title":"Language Education, Language Acquisition: Working Perspectives of Four Applied Linguists","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jr869s5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leo","middle_name":"","last_name":"van Lier","name_suffix":"","institution":"Monterey Institute of International Studies","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Povey","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Lynch","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schumann","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6959/galley/4081/download/"}]},{"pk":6954,"title":"New Zealand Ways of Speaking English\n edited by Allan Bell and Janet Holmes. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 1990. 305 pp.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77n0788f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Locker","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6954/galley/4076/download/"}]},{"pk":6952,"title":"Performance of ESL Students on a State Minimal Competency Test","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Hawaii State Test of Essential Competencies (HSTEC) is a minimal competency test which students must pass to graduate from high school. This paper focuses on differences in HSTEC (Form G) performance between 300 ninth grade students of limited English proficiency (SLEP) and the 318 ninth grade students used in the original norming sample (NORM group). The analyses indicate that SLEP students form a distinctly separate population from the NORM group (F = 206.21, p < .01) with SLEP students scoring 26.14 points lower than the NORM group on average. At the same time, those subtests which the SLEP students found to be more difficult were correspondingly difficult for the NORM group. Though there were no significant differences found among the various SLEP group ethnicities, there were significant differences among the HSTEC subtests and for interactions between ethnicity and the subtests. The results are discussed in terms of language training that some of the SLEP students should receive so that they can demonstrate their true abilities on the HSTEC.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dp919bh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6952/galley/4074/download/"}]},{"pk":6950,"title":"Political Challenges and Applied Linguistics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f8z4sn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Antony","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Kunnan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCLA","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6950/galley/4072/download/"}]},{"pk":6957,"title":"Teaching and Learning Vocabulary\n by I.S.P. Nation. New York: Newbury House, 1990. 275 pp.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xc5z4dq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"H","last_name":"Leech","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6957/galley/4079/download/"}]},{"pk":6956,"title":"The Video Connection: Integrating Video into Language Teaching\n by Rick Altman. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. 184 pp.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Applied Linguistics"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h1684bg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Egbert","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_accepted":"2010-06-18T02:00:00-05:00","date_published":"1991-06-30T02:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/6956/galley/4078/download/"}]},{"pk":36634,"title":"1991-1992 CATESOL Board of Directors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xk1r8gj","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36634/galley/27484/download/"}]},{"pk":36632,"title":"Abstracts","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xr3r06t","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36632/galley/27482/download/"}]},{"pk":32910,"title":"A Cascade-Correlation Model of Balance Scale Phenomena","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Cascade-Correlation connectionist architecture was used to model human cognitive development on balance scale problems. The simulations were characterized by gradual expansion of the training patterns, training bias in favor of equal distance problems, and test problems balanced for torque distance. Both orderly rule stages and torque difference effects were obtained. Analyses of the development of network structure revealed progressive sensitivity to distance information. It was noted that information salience effects, such as that for torque difference, are particularly difficult to capture in symbolic level models.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Heuristics in Reasoning","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ms8298x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Shultz","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Schmidt","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32910/galley/23970/download/"}]},{"pk":32968,"title":"A Case-Based Model of Creativity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Creating new solutions to problems is an integral part of the problem-solving process. This paper presents a cognitive model of creativity in which a case-based problem-solver is augmented with a set of creativity heuristics. N e w solutions are discovered by solving a slightly different problem and adapting that solution to the original problem. This model has been implemented in a computer program called MINSTREL.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63w1s751","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Turner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California Los Angeles","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32968/galley/24029/download/"}]},{"pk":32965,"title":"Accessing Meaning vs. Form at Different Levels of Comprehension Skill","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We examined adult and 10-13 year old skilled and average comprehenders' representation of spoken sentences. In immediate probe tasks, skilled adults were better than average adults at accessing word order information, but they were poorer at accessing sentence meaning. After hearing a text, skilled adults were more accurate than average adults in recognizing meaning, but they were less accurate in recognizing the wording of test sentences. Speeded speech increased the differences between skill groups more for memory for wording than for memory for meaning. The results suggest that comprehenders compute representations of surface form and meaning independently and simultaneously. These representations compete for attention.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wb2b7tp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Townsend","name_suffix":"","institution":"Montclair State College","department":""},{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Bever","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Caroline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carrithers","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rutgers University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32965/galley/24026/download/"}]},{"pk":32945,"title":"ACKnowledge: An integrated workbend supporting Knowledge Acquisition.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Knowledge Acquisition is a crucial and time-consuming phase in the development of Knowledge Based Systems. The AC-Knowledge project aims to improve the efficiency of the knowledge acquisition process. The approach is to analyze and evaluate a variety of existing knowledge acquisition techniques, including machine learning methods. Taking into account their complementarities, we integrate these techniques into a Knowledge Engineering Workbench that supports the Knowledge Engineer in his various tasks. This approach is tested on real life applications, simple ones (e.g. analysis in metal fractures) and more complex ones(e.g. failures in the Spanish data communications network).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jq594k8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean-Charles","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marty","name_suffix":"","institution":"ZIRST","department":""},{"first_name":"Fano","middle_name":"","last_name":"Doize","name_suffix":"","institution":"ZIRST","department":""},{"first_name":"Marie-Stephanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Eamparany","name_suffix":"","institution":"ZIRST","department":""},{"first_name":"Cleo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jullien","name_suffix":"","institution":"ZIRST","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32945/galley/24005/download/"}]},{"pk":32948,"title":"A Computational Basis for Brown's Results on Morpheme Order Acquisition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the result that a computer program can mimic the acquisition by children of a sdected set of grammatical morphemes. Roger Brown [Brown, 1973] studied the acquisition of 14 morphemes, and showed how a set of partial order relations describes this aspect of child language learning. W e show that these relations can be given a computational basis. They follow directly from a class of Boolean learning algorithms which have three simple constraints in the manner in which they consider hypotheses. I will call these three constraints the C A M constraints. C A M constraint 1 is to increase the length of the conjuncts one term at a time. The second C A M constraint is to consider all hypotheses of the same length simultaneously. Finally, C A M constraint 3 is to collect all single-term hypotheses involving noun features into a single conjunction prior to Boolean learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68g3f8wv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sheldon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nicholl","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Wilkins","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32948/galley/24008/download/"}]},{"pk":32862,"title":"A Computational Model of Connotation-Based Revision","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on text generation and revision seldom consider emotions and social relations as motivations for linguistic variations such as word choice and syntactic structure arrangement. This paper proposes a computational model that uses four attributes affect, activity, power, and emphasis to revise texts. These attributes express ideological beliefs, the connotations of lexical items, and connotation propagation properties of sentence structures. With these formal tools, an algorithm of backward chaining revises sentences with sensible choices of word and sentence structures. The model provides a basis for future research that can lead to a fully automated text revision system.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Phonology and Word Recognition","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hd5x36v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Wing-Kwong","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32862/galley/23922/download/"}]},{"pk":32814,"title":"A Connectionist Model of Alphabetic Spelling Developmnet and Developmental and Acquired Dysgraphia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this paper w e describe a connectionist model of the development of alphabetic spelling. The model learns to spell regular words more quickly than words with irregular spellings. W h e n the computational resources available to the model are restricted, the model learns more slowly and, analogously to developmental dyslexics, fails to learn some of the irregular items in its vocabulary. Experimental evidence is reported, which shows that both normal and dyslexic children of various ages have difficulty with particular word types that are similar to the problems experienced by the model on the same words. Finally, the model is \"lesioned,\" and its performance is then similar to that of \"surface dysgraphics.\" The good fit between model and data is taken as evidence that, throughout much of the relevant developmental period, the task facing children can be usefully viewed as a statistical one.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Neuroscience Models of Language","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wh0490m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"P. W.","last_name":"Loosemore","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Gordon","middle_name":"D. A.","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Frances","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Watson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wales","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32814/galley/23874/download/"}]},{"pk":32861,"title":"A Connectionist Model of Auditory Word Perception in Continuous Speech","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A connectionist model of auditory word perception in continuous speech is described. The aim is to model psycholinguistic data, with particular reference to the establishment of lexical percepts. There are no local representations of individual words: feature-level representations are mapped onto phoneme-level representations, with the training corpus reflecting the distribution of phonemes in conversational speech. Two architectures are compared for their ability to discover structure in temporally presented input. The model is applied to modelling the phoneme restoration effect and phoneme monitoring data.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Phonology and Word Recognition","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mq3332x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shillcokc","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Joe","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Nick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chater","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32861/galley/23921/download/"}]},{"pk":32873,"title":"A Connectionist Model of Intermediate Representations for Musical Structure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The communication of musical thoughts and emotions requires that some musical knowledge is shared by composers, performers, and listeners. Computational models of musical knowledge attempt to specify the intermediate representations required to generate adequate predictions of musical behavior. W e describe a connectionist model that encodes the rhythmic organization and pitch contents of simple melodies. As the network learns to encode melodies, structurally more important events tend to dominate less important events, as described by reductionist theories of music (Lerdahl & JackendofF, 1983; Schenker, 1979). W e describe an empirical study in which improvisations on a tune by a skilled music performer are compared with the encodings produced by the network. The two are examined in terms of the relative importance of the musical structure they posit at intermediate levels of representation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Hybrid Representational Systems","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mz2d7mx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edward","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Large","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Caroline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Palmer","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pollack","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Ohio State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32873/galley/23933/download/"}]},{"pk":32895,"title":"A Connectionist Simulation fo Attention and Vector Comparison: The Need For Serial Processing in Parallel Hardware","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Given the massively parallel nature of the brain an obvious question is why are so many information proccssing functions serial? In particular, this ftapter addresses the issue of the comparison process. Behavioral data show that in perceptual matching tasks (such as menwry scanning and visual search) performance is systematically affected by stimulus load, in that required processing time increases with each additional comparison item It is arguable whether this indicates a processing system that performs serial comparisons, or a system for which comparisons are done in parallel but reaction time is affected by load because of other system limitations. In this simulation we show that in a modular connectionist system vector transmission is possible in parallel, but the comparison process within a module must be done serially unless accuracy is sacrificed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Paper Presentations -- Attention and Learning","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05h705nc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Shedden","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Walter","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schneider","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pittsburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32895/galley/23955/download/"}]},{"pk":32947,"title":"A Constraint-Motivated Model of Concept Formation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A cognitive model for learning associations between words and objects is presented. We first list basic constraints to which the model must adhere. The constraints arise from two sources. First they stem from observed psychological phenomena including typicality effects, extension errors observed from children and belief-dependent behavior. Secondly they arise from our choice to integrate the model in a unified theory of cognition. In presenting the constraints to the model's construction, w e motivate our design decisions while describing our algorithm that takes a symbolic, production-based approach. The model's adherence to the constraints is further supported by some empirical results.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Poster Presentations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nv627k6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Craig","middle_name":"S.","last_name":"Miller","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Michigan","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Laird","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Michigan","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1991-01-01T12:00:00-06:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/32947/galley/24007/download/"}]}]}