{"count":39597,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=38600","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=38400","results":[{"pk":48470,"title":"Recommendations from the Conference Workshops","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article presents the key recommendations from two workshops—Cultural Resources and Natural Resources—held under the auspices of The George Wright Society. Both groups emphasized the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration in the management of natural and cultural resources. The Cultural Resources group called for dismantling the artificial divide between cultural and natural resource disciplines, advocating for shared communication platforms, conceptual melding, and a code of ethics promoting responsible resource stewardship. Meanwhile, the Natural Resources group stressed the significance of integrating ecological, historical, and social perspectives in resource management. They recommended enhancing professional networks, promoting long-term monitoring, and improving public communication to build broader constituencies for conservation. Together, the workshops underscore the Society's potential role as a hub for interdisciplinary dialogue and action, advancing holistic strategies for the protection of heritage resources.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c61010m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48470/galley/36506/download/"}]},{"pk":48430,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, No. 4","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48430/galley/36466/download/"}]},{"pk":48468,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, No. 4","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98w6z3mh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48468/galley/36504/download/"}]},{"pk":48471,"title":"The US National Park System's Cultural Resources","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article offers a comprehensive overview of the diverse and expansive cultural resources managed by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), emphasizing the growing significance of historical and archaeological preservation within the system. Holland highlights the evolution of the NPS's attitudes and practices, moving from a primarily natural-resource-focused approach to a more sophisticated understanding and stewardship of cultural heritage. The article details the scope of resources under NPS care—including thousands of historic structures, archaeological sites, and museum objects—and addresses both achievements and ongoing challenges, such as inadequate data collection, deferred maintenance, and funding limitations. Case studies, including Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Lowell National Historical Park, illustrate innovative management models and adaptive reuse strategies. Holland also discusses the implications of external pressures, such as urban encroachment and energy development, and advocates for increased collaboration, funding diversification, and preservation advocacy to ensure the sustainability of the nation's cultural assets.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19661992","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"F.","middle_name":"Ross","last_name":"Holland","name_suffix":"Jr.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48471/galley/36507/download/"}]},{"pk":48433,"title":"The US National Park System's Cultural Resources","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article offers a comprehensive overview of the diverse and expansive cultural resources managed by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), emphasizing the growing significance of historical and archaeological preservation within the system. Holland highlights the evolution of the NPSÕs attitudes and practices, moving from a primarily natural-resource-focused approach to a more sophisticated understanding and stewardship of cultural heritage. The article details the scope of resources under NPS careÑincluding thousands of historic structures, archaeological sites, and museum objectsÑand addresses both achievements and ongoing challenges, such as inadequate data collection, deferred maintenance, and funding limitations. Case studies, including Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Lowell National Historical Park, illustrate innovative management models and adaptive reuse strategies. Holland also discusses the implications of external pressures, such as urban encroachment and energy development, and advocates for increased collaboration, funding diversification, and preservation advocacy to ensure the sustainability of the nationÕs cultural assets.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"F.","middle_name":"Ross","last_name":"Holland","name_suffix":"Jr.","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48433/galley/36469/download/"}]},{"pk":48435,"title":"Will the Real Archeology Please Stand Up? Comments on the Status of American Archeology, ca AD 1982","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this critical reflection, W. James Judge explores the complex state of American prehistoric archaeology in the early 1980s, highlighting its evolution from artifact-centered collection to a scientifically grounded investigation of cultural processes. Judge examines the methodological shift toward processual archaeology, the fieldÕs increasing alignment with natural sciences, and the challenges of integrating this scientific identity within a policy and administrative framework that often categorizes archaeology as a branch of historic preservation. He critiques the effects of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) mandates, legal frameworks such as the Antiquities Act and ARPA, and shifting public expectations on the integrity and goals of archaeological research. Emphasizing communication failures, professional identity crises, and the tensions between preservation and practicality, Judge calls for a reinvigorated conservation ethic, interdisciplinary collaboration, and clearer articulation of archaeologyÕs value to both policymakers and the public.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"James","last_name":"Judge","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48435/galley/36471/download/"}]},{"pk":48473,"title":"Will the Real Archeology Please Stand Up? Comments on the Status of American Archeology, ca AD 1982","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this critical reflection, W. James Judge explores the complex state of American prehistoric archaeology in the early 1980s, highlighting its evolution from artifact-centered collection to a scientifically grounded investigation of cultural processes. Judge examines the methodological shift toward processual archaeology, the field's increasing alignment with natural sciences, and the challenges of integrating this scientific identity within a policy and administrative framework that often categorizes archaeology as a branch of historic preservation. He critiques the effects of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) mandates, legal frameworks such as the Antiquities Act and ARPA, and shifting public expectations on the integrity and goals of archaeological research. Emphasizing communication failures, professional identity crises, and the tensions between preservation and practicality, Judge calls for a reinvigorated conservation ethic, interdisciplinary collaboration, and clearer articulation of archaeology's value to both policymakers and the public.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j22k17h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"W.","middle_name":"James","last_name":"Judge","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-10-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48473/galley/36509/download/"}]},{"pk":48426,"title":"Air Pollution Threats to the National Parks in the Great Lakes Region","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the growing threat of air pollution to national parks in the Great Lakes region, emphasizing both local and long-range sources of contamination. The authors highlight that while industrial and vehicular emissions are concentrated in urban areas near the parks, secondary pollutants such as ozone and acid deposition travel significant distances, impacting even remote park ecosystems. Key threats include reduced visibility due to sulfate aerosols, vegetation damage from ozone and sulfur dioxide, and ecosystem degradation in acid-sensitive watersheds from acid precipitation. Case studies illustrate ongoing and potential ecological damage, particularly in areas like Indiana Dunes, Cuyahoga Valley, Voyageurs, and Isle Royale National Parks. The paper calls for expanded monitoring and mitigation strategies, warning that without significant emission reductions, park resource values across the region may be substantially diminished in the coming decades.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"T.","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Armantano","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"O.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Loucks","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48426/galley/36462/download/"}]},{"pk":48464,"title":"Air Pollution Threats to the National Parks in the Great Lakes Region","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the growing threat of air pollution to national parks in the Great Lakes region, emphasizing both local and long-range sources of contamination. The authors highlight that while industrial and vehicular emissions are concentrated in urban areas near the parks, secondary pollutants such as ozone and acid deposition travel significant distances, impacting even remote park ecosystems. Key threats include reduced visibility due to sulfate aerosols, vegetation damage from ozone and sulfur dioxide, and ecosystem degradation in acid-sensitive watersheds from acid precipitation. Case studies illustrate ongoing and potential ecological damage, particularly in areas like Indiana Dunes, Cuyahoga Valley, Voyageurs, and Isle Royale National Parks. The paper calls for expanded monitoring and mitigation strategies, warning that without significant emission reductions, park resource values across the region may be substantially diminished in the coming decades.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42f7f0st","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"T.","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Armantano","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"O.","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Loucks","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48464/galley/36500/download/"}]},{"pk":48467,"title":"(Book) Reviews","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review of books on Chaco Canyon and Gettysburg.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16t5q7fg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48467/galley/36503/download/"}]},{"pk":48429,"title":"(Book) Reviews","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Review of books on Chaco Canyon and Gettysburg.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48429/galley/36465/download/"}]},{"pk":48462,"title":"Carrying Capacity in the Great Lakes National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the concept of carrying capacity as applied to recreation management in the Great Lakes national parks. Carrying capacity is defined as the threshold of use beyond which the impacts of visitor activity exceed acceptable levels. Heberlein categorizes carrying capacity into four types—physical, facilities, ecological, and social—each with distinct management implications. While ecological capacity has historically received the most attention, the author argues that social capacity, which considers the quality of visitor experience, is often more critical and overlooked. Using analogies such as sports games, Heberlein emphasizes that different recreational activities have different optimal group sizes and encounter thresholds. He advocates for strategies such as activity separation, informed visitor choice, and differentiated park zones to manage these capacities effectively. By identifying preferred and tolerable levels of visitor interaction and structuring opportunities accordingly, park managers can better preserve both natural resources and recreational experiences. The author concludes that thoughtful, low-cost interventions based on understanding user expectations can enhance park use without requiring major resource investments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73v1x08x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Heberlein","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48462/galley/36498/download/"}]},{"pk":48424,"title":"Carrying Capacity in the Great Lakes National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the concept of carrying capacity as applied to recreation management in the Great Lakes national parks. Carrying capacity is defined as the threshold of use beyond which the impacts of visitor activity exceed acceptable levels. Heberlein categorizes carrying capacity into four typesÑphysical, facilities, ecological, and socialÑeach with distinct management implications. While ecological capacity has historically received the most attention, the author argues that social capacity, which considers the quality of visitor experience, is often more critical and overlooked. Using analogies such as sports games, Heberlein emphasizes that different recreational activities have different optimal group sizes and encounter thresholds. He advocates for strategies such as activity separation, informed visitor choice, and differentiated park zones to manage these capacities effectively. By identifying preferred and tolerable levels of visitor interaction and structuring opportunities accordingly, park managers can better preserve both natural resources and recreational experiences. The author concludes that thoughtful, low-cost interventions based on understanding user expectations can enhance park use without requiring major resource investments.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Heberlein","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48424/galley/36460/download/"}]},{"pk":48466,"title":"Cultural Resource Management's Role in the New Areas Study Process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the expanding role of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) in the National Park Service’s (NPS) process for evaluating potential additions to the National Park System, as guided by the 1976 amendment to the General Authorities Act of 1970. Through detailed case studies of three diverse projects—the Great Basin Reconnaissance Survey, the Illinois &amp; Michigan Canal Survey, and the Historic Camden Study of Alternatives—Johnson illustrates how CRM has become a critical element in planning, resource evaluation, and community engagement. CRM specialists contribute not only cultural data but also broader planning insights, balancing resource significance, preservation integrity, and public use. The studies demonstrate the need for CRM professionals to act as both technical experts and interdisciplinary planners who work with various stakeholders. Ultimately, the author argues that CRM enhances the credibility and comprehensiveness of new area studies, ensuring sound recommendations for NPS expansion and preservation strategies, while also allowing for alternative methods of resource protection where full NPS inclusion may not be warranted.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xz9j02r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48466/galley/36502/download/"}]},{"pk":48428,"title":"Cultural Resource Management's Role in the New Areas Study Process","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the expanding role of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) in the National Park ServiceÕs (NPS) process for evaluating potential additions to the National Park System, as guided by the 1976 amendment to the General Authorities Act of 1970. Through detailed case studies of three diverse projectsÑthe Great Basin Reconnaissance Survey, the Illinois &amp; Michigan Canal Survey, and the Historic Camden Study of AlternativesÑJohnson illustrates how CRM has become a critical element in planning, resource evaluation, and community engagement. CRM specialists contribute not only cultural data but also broader planning insights, balancing resource significance, preservation integrity, and public use. The studies demonstrate the need for CRM professionals to act as both technical experts and interdisciplinary planners who work with various stakeholders. Ultimately, the author argues that CRM enhances the credibility and comprehensiveness of new area studies, ensuring sound recommendations for NPS expansion and preservation strategies, while also allowing for alternative methods of resource protection where full NPS inclusion may not be warranted.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48428/galley/36464/download/"}]},{"pk":48458,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This editorial introduces a special issue of The George Wright Forum focused on the Old Northwest Territory—an area rich in U.S. historical and environmental significance, encompassing present-day Great Lakes states. The piece reflects on a 1982 conference at the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Wingspread Conference Center in Racine, Wisconsin, which gathered experts to discuss the role of national parks and conservation efforts in the region. The editorial highlights the enduring challenges faced by the National Park Service, the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping park policy, and the need for better communication across professional and geographic boundaries. The issue includes selected conference papers that offer critical insights and recommendations for future stewardship of the region's natural and cultural resources.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13w574h9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Linn","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48458/galley/36494/download/"}]},{"pk":48420,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This editorial introduces a special issue of The George Wright Forum focused on the Old Northwest TerritoryÑan area rich in U.S. historical and environmental significance, encompassing present-day Great Lakes states. The piece reflects on a 1982 conference at the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Wingspread Conference Center in Racine, Wisconsin, which gathered experts to discuss the role of national parks and conservation efforts in the region. The editorial highlights the enduring challenges faced by the National Park Service, the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping park policy, and the need for better communication across professional and geographic boundaries. The issue includes selected conference papers that offer critical insights and recommendations for future stewardship of the regionÕs natural and cultural resources.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Linn","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48420/galley/36456/download/"}]},{"pk":48461,"title":"Indians and the National Parks of the Great Lakes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the complex and evolving relationships between Woodland Indian groups—particularly the Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi—and the ten National Park Service (NPS) units located around the Great Lakes. Although these parks are not primarily established to address Native American issues, they are significantly intertwined with Indigenous land rights, cultural history, and ongoing legal and social concerns. Key issues include tribal land ownership within park boundaries, disputes over fishing rights, protection of sacred and archaeological sites, and the interpretation of Native histories. Legislation such as the American Indian Religious Freedom Act and NPS policies (notably Special Directive 78-1) provide a framework for Native participation and protection of traditional practices. The paper argues that a growing \"Indian awakening\" presents both challenges and opportunities for the NPS to develop more inclusive and culturally sensitive management practices, which could enhance both preservation and visitor experience in the Great Lakes parks. The authors advocate for proactive leadership and the inclusion of Native voices in park planning and interpretation to foster mutual benefit and cultural revitalization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g60085s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"H.","middle_name":"Paul","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48461/galley/36497/download/"}]},{"pk":48423,"title":"Indians and the National Parks of the Great Lakes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the complex and evolving relationships between Woodland Indian groupsÑparticularly the Chippewa, Ottawa, and PotawatomiÑand the ten National Park Service (NPS) units located around the Great Lakes. Although these parks are not primarily established to address Native American issues, they are significantly intertwined with Indigenous land rights, cultural history, and ongoing legal and social concerns. Key issues include tribal land ownership within park boundaries, disputes over fishing rights, protection of sacred and archaeological sites, and the interpretation of Native histories. Legislation such as the American Indian Religious Freedom Act and NPS policies (notably Special Directive 78-1) provide a framework for Native participation and protection of traditional practices. The paper argues that a growing \"Indian awakening\" presents both challenges and opportunities for the NPS to develop more inclusive and culturally sensitive management practices, which could enhance both preservation and visitor experience in the Great Lakes parks. The authors advocate for proactive leadership and the inclusion of Native voices in park planning and interpretation to foster mutual benefit and cultural revitalization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"H.","middle_name":"Paul","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Friesema","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48423/galley/36459/download/"}]},{"pk":48421,"title":"Letters and Commentary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48421/galley/36457/download/"}]},{"pk":48459,"title":"Letters and Commentary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t69w0v6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48459/galley/36495/download/"}]},{"pk":48422,"title":"Regional History and the National Parks in the Great Lakes Area","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Arthur F. McEvoy argues for a more cohesive and comprehensive interpretation of the Great Lakes region within the National Park Service (NPS). Emphasizing the interconnected cultural, economic, and historical significance of the region, McEvoy critiques the NPS for focusing too narrowly on frontier narratives and for failing to present a regionally integrated historical perspective. He outlines the Great Lakes' pivotal rolesÑfrom early fur trade and geopolitical struggles, through 19th-century industrial expansion, to 20th-century ecological and international cooperation. McEvoy calls for interpretive strategies that reflect this deep, layered history, positioning the Great Lakes as a vital unit in the national story. He advocates for using the NPS sites to foster greater public understanding of how regional histories contribute to broader national and environmental themes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arthur","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"McEvoy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48422/galley/36458/download/"}]},{"pk":48460,"title":"Regional History and the National Parks in the Great Lakes Area","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Arthur F. McEvoy argues for a more cohesive and comprehensive interpretation of the Great Lakes region within the National Park Service (NPS). Emphasizing the interconnected cultural, economic, and historical significance of the region, McEvoy critiques the NPS for focusing too narrowly on frontier narratives and for failing to present a regionally integrated historical perspective. He outlines the Great Lakes' pivotal roles—from early fur trade and geopolitical struggles, through 19th-century industrial expansion, to 20th-century ecological and international cooperation. McEvoy calls for interpretive strategies that reflect this deep, layered history, positioning the Great Lakes as a vital unit in the national story. He advocates for using the NPS sites to foster greater public understanding of how regional histories contribute to broader national and environmental themes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89m5c4dk","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Arthur","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"McEvoy","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48460/galley/36496/download/"}]},{"pk":48457,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, No. 3","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qq8w62t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48457/galley/36493/download/"}]},{"pk":48419,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, No. 3","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48419/galley/36455/download/"}]},{"pk":48465,"title":"The National Park Service in Law Reviews and Law Journals","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this article, Thomas W. Lucke emphasizes the growing importance of legal knowledge for National Park Service (NPS) managers and rangers, particularly in light of increasing environmental and land-use challenges. Citing testimony from Nathaniel P. Reed, the author argues for broader educational exposure among park personnel, while acknowledging fiscal and logistical barriers to formal training. As a practical alternative, Lucke presents a curated bibliography of recent legal scholarship that addresses key issues affecting the National Park System—from land acquisition and urban park management to mining, air quality regulation, and water rights. These law review articles, he suggests, offer accessible, low-cost avenues for self-education that can enhance park professionals' ability to navigate complex legal and policy landscapes. Although not officially endorsed by the NPS, such readings can foster a more informed and capable workforce in an increasingly litigious environment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q73s9sp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Lucke","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48465/galley/36501/download/"}]},{"pk":48427,"title":"The National Park Service in Law Reviews and Law Journals","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this article, Thomas W. Lucke emphasizes the growing importance of legal knowledge for National Park Service (NPS) managers and rangers, particularly in light of increasing environmental and land-use challenges. Citing testimony from Nathaniel P. Reed, the author argues for broader educational exposure among park personnel, while acknowledging fiscal and logistical barriers to formal training. As a practical alternative, Lucke presents a curated bibliography of recent legal scholarship that addresses key issues affecting the National Park SystemÑfrom land acquisition and urban park management to mining, air quality regulation, and water rights. These law review articles, he suggests, offer accessible, low-cost avenues for self-education that can enhance park professionals' ability to navigate complex legal and policy landscapes. Although not officially endorsed by the NPS, such readings can foster a more informed and capable workforce in an increasingly litigious environment.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thomas","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Lucke","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48427/galley/36463/download/"}]},{"pk":48463,"title":"The Role of Science in the Great Lakes National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the evolving role of science within the U.S. National Park Service, with a focus on the Great Lakes national parks. It highlights how scientific research has historically played a reactive rather than proactive role in resource management, often constrained by limited funding and staffing. As visitor numbers and external environmental pressures have grown, the need for mission-oriented, process-focused research has become increasingly urgent. Reshkin emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific understanding into natural resource management to support informed decision-making, especially amid conflicting goals of preservation and use. The paper identifies serious threats such as shoreline erosion and air pollution, notes the scarcity of scientists in many park areas, and proposes strategic initiatives including long-term research planning, expanded university partnerships, and the establishment of cooperative study units. These recommendations aim to ensure that science remains a central, well-supported pillar in managing and preserving the ecological integrity of the Great Lakes parks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2t3476mn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reshkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48463/galley/36499/download/"}]},{"pk":48425,"title":"The Role of Science in the Great Lakes National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the evolving role of science within the U.S. National Park Service, with a focus on the Great Lakes national parks. It highlights how scientific research has historically played a reactive rather than proactive role in resource management, often constrained by limited funding and staffing. As visitor numbers and external environmental pressures have grown, the need for mission-oriented, process-focused research has become increasingly urgent. Reshkin emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific understanding into natural resource management to support informed decision-making, especially amid conflicting goals of preservation and use. The paper identifies serious threats such as shoreline erosion and air pollution, notes the scarcity of scientists in many park areas, and proposes strategic initiatives including long-term research planning, expanded university partnerships, and the establishment of cooperative study units. These recommendations aim to ensure that science remains a central, well-supported pillar in managing and preserving the ecological integrity of the Great Lakes parks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reshkin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-06-01T16:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48425/galley/36461/download/"}]},{"pk":48413,"title":"A Computerized Flora of the National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The U.S. National Park System's natural area parks contain diverse vascular and non-vascular plant species, with numbers varying by park size and ecological conditions. An ongoing project within the Air Quality Division is digitizing floristic data from 48 \"Class I\" parksÑthose with the highest air quality protection under the Clean Air Act. This initiative aims to centralize and standardize plant species records for environmental research, pollution monitoring, and conservation efforts. Currently, floristic data quality varies widely among parks, with only a fraction having complete and reliable records. The database, housed on a CDC CYBER computer using System 2000, catalogs species information, including taxonomy, native/exotic status, and occurrence across parks. Efforts are being made to incorporate existing digital floras to minimize redundancy. The project prioritizes accessibility and cost-effectiveness by maintaining a small, online database, with future plans for expansion contingent on funding and data usability improvements.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Bennett","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48413/galley/36449/download/"}]},{"pk":48451,"title":"A Computerized Flora of the National Parks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The U.S. National Park System's natural area parks contain diverse vascular and non-vascular plant species, with numbers varying by park size and ecological conditions. An ongoing project within the Air Quality Division is digitizing floristic data from 48 \"Class I\" parks—those with the highest air quality protection under the Clean Air Act. This initiative aims to centralize and standardize plant species records for environmental research, pollution monitoring, and conservation efforts. Currently, floristic data quality varies widely among parks, with only a fraction having complete and reliable records. The database, housed on a CDC CYBER computer using System 2000, catalogs species information, including taxonomy, native/exotic status, and occurrence across parks. Efforts are being made to incorporate existing digital floras to minimize redundancy. The project prioritizes accessibility and cost-effectiveness by maintaining a small, online database, with future plans for expansion contingent on funding and data usability improvements.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f5942s8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Bennett","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48451/galley/36488/download/"}]},{"pk":48455,"title":"Computer Notes / Note from Elsewhere","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Simulation models are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for managing recreational use in wilderness and other dispersed visitor areas. These models offer park managers a means to quickly test visitor behavior scenarios, assess environmental impacts, and refine management strategies without the time-consuming constraints of real-world experimentation. This article explores the advantages of such simulation models, particularly in their ability to account for complex visitor dynamics, predict crowding effects, and justify management decisions through data-driven insights. Additionally, advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and ecological modeling are enhancing our ability to integrate spatial, environmental, and economic data into decision-making processes. The discussion extends to the broader implications of appropriate technology in environmental management, emphasizing the necessity of balancing natural and mechanical solutions for sustainable resource utilization. By leveraging computational tools, policymakers and researchers can more effectively navigate the challenges posed by human interaction with natural ecosystems, ensuring both conservation and responsible recreation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/855945v5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48455/galley/36491/download/"}]},{"pk":48417,"title":"Computer Notes / Note from Elsewhere","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Simulation models are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for managing recreational use in wilderness and other dispersed visitor areas. These models offer park managers a means to quickly test visitor behavior scenarios, assess environmental impacts, and refine management strategies without the time-consuming constraints of real-world experimentation. This article explores the advantages of such simulation models, particularly in their ability to account for complex visitor dynamics, predict crowding effects, and justify management decisions through data-driven insights. Additionally, advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and ecological modeling are enhancing our ability to integrate spatial, environmental, and economic data into decision-making processes. The discussion extends to the broader implications of appropriate technology in environmental management, emphasizing the necessity of balancing natural and mechanical solutions for sustainable resource utilization. By leveraging computational tools, policymakers and researchers can more effectively navigate the challenges posed by human interaction with natural ecosystems, ensuring both conservation and responsible recreation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48417/galley/36453/download/"}]},{"pk":48414,"title":"Computers and Land Conservation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the potential of utilizing advanced computer technology to facilitate land donations for public parks and recreational spaces. In light of declining public funding, the ability to encourage private landowners to donate land or make bargain sales has become increasingly important. The article discusses the role of tax analysis in motivating these donations and introduces programmable hand-held computers as a cost-effective tool for conducting on-the-spot tax analyses. These devices enable land buyers to quickly assess the tax consequences of donation scenarios, providing prospective donors with immediate, informed options that compare donations with fair market sales. The article outlines the advantages and potential challenges of using such technology, highlighting its ability to streamline the process of securing land donations, improve negotiation efficiency, and ultimately aid in the conservation of natural resources. The use of programmable calculators offers a flexible, quick, and innovative solution for small agencies and non-profit organizations engaged in land acquisition efforts, making it an invaluable tool in the protection of open spaces and recreational lands.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Larry","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Stein","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"html","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48414/galley/36450/download/"}]},{"pk":48452,"title":"Computers and Land Conservation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This article explores the potential of utilizing advanced computer technology to facilitate land donations for public parks and recreational spaces. In light of declining public funding, the ability to encourage private landowners to donate land or make bargain sales has become increasingly important. The article discusses the role of tax analysis in motivating these donations and introduces programmable hand-held computers as a cost-effective tool for conducting on-the-spot tax analyses. These devices enable land buyers to quickly assess the tax consequences of donation scenarios, providing prospective donors with immediate, informed options that compare donations with fair market sales. The article outlines the advantages and potential challenges of using such technology, highlighting its ability to streamline the process of securing land donations, improve negotiation efficiency, and ultimately aid in the conservation of natural resources. The use of programmable calculators offers a flexible, quick, and innovative solution for small agencies and non-profit organizations engaged in land acquisition efforts, making it an invaluable tool in the protection of open spaces and recreational lands.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cp0m0wq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Larry","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Stein","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48452/galley/36484/download/"}]},{"pk":48412,"title":"Computers and the Field Research Station","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The National Science Foundation recently sponsored a workshop focusing on data management at biological field stations, with an emphasis on small and medium-sized stations. These stations, often linked to Long Term Ecological Research sites and university field stations, face increasing demands for sophisticated data management systems. The workshop explored topics such as data cataloging, administration, software options, and mechanisms for sharing data across sites. A key point of discussion was the growing interest in automated data handling systems, driven by the need for improved data quality control, regional analysis, and hypothesis testing. While the use of computers is not always essential for smaller data sets, the evolving requirements for high-quality research data underscore the importance of selecting appropriate software and hardware. The paper stresses that determining data management needs should precede decisions about hardware and software. It also highlights the role of off-the-shelf software solutions and microcomputers, which offer affordable and user-friendly tools for data analysis and documentation. Furthermore, the importance of data documentation, which ensures transparency about data collection conditions, was emphasized. Finally, the paper addresses challenges in inter-site data exchange and the complexities of establishing effective computer networks, advocating for careful planning in the application of computer technology to field station operations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"Robert","last_name":"Stottlemyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48412/galley/36448/download/"}]},{"pk":48450,"title":"Computers and the Field Research Station","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The National Science Foundation recently sponsored a workshop focusing on data management at biological field stations, with an emphasis on small and medium-sized stations. These stations, often linked to Long Term Ecological Research sites and university field stations, face increasing demands for sophisticated data management systems. The workshop explored topics such as data cataloging, administration, software options, and mechanisms for sharing data across sites. A key point of discussion was the growing interest in automated data handling systems, driven by the need for improved data quality control, regional analysis, and hypothesis testing. While the use of computers is not always essential for smaller data sets, the evolving requirements for high-quality research data underscore the importance of selecting appropriate software and hardware. The paper stresses that determining data management needs should precede decisions about hardware and software. It also highlights the role of off-the-shelf software solutions and microcomputers, which offer affordable and user-friendly tools for data analysis and documentation. Furthermore, the importance of data documentation, which ensures transparency about data collection conditions, was emphasized. Finally, the paper addresses challenges in inter-site data exchange and the complexities of establishing effective computer networks, advocating for careful planning in the application of computer technology to field station operations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b69t7bs","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"J.","middle_name":"Robert","last_name":"Stottlemyer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48450/galley/36487/download/"}]},{"pk":48448,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The article explores the ongoing computer and electronics revolution, emphasizing its profound impact on human systems. The February 12, 1982, issue of Science highlights the rapid advancements in silicon chip technology, which have significantly reduced hardware costs while increasing software complexity. This revolution, while promising efficiency and accessibility, also introduces social and economic challenges, including job displacement and heightened inequalities between the educated and untrained. Despite concerns about potential societal disruptions and the entropic fallout of the information explosion, the article acknowledges the transformative power of computers in various domains, from education to sports and entertainment. The increasing integration of computers into daily life reflects an inherent human demand for information, reshaping industries and social interactions alike. The discussion extends to the broader implications of technological progress, likening it to past revolutions such as the automobile's impact on society. While the full consequences remain uncertain, the potential for computers to bridge gaps in human knowledge and intelligence offers a compelling vision for the future.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24g2r2bn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matthews","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48448/galley/36483/download/"}]},{"pk":48410,"title":"Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The article explores the ongoing computer and electronics revolution, emphasizing its profound impact on human systems. The February 12, 1982, issue of Science highlights the rapid advancements in silicon chip technology, which have significantly reduced hardware costs while increasing software complexity. This revolution, while promising efficiency and accessibility, also introduces social and economic challenges, including job displacement and heightened inequalities between the educated and untrained. Despite concerns about potential societal disruptions and the entropic fallout of the information explosion, the article acknowledges the transformative power of computers in various domains, from education to sports and entertainment. The increasing integration of computers into daily life reflects an inherent human demand for information, reshaping industries and social interactions alike. The discussion extends to the broader implications of technological progress, likening it to past revolutions such as the automobile's impact on society. While the full consequences remain uncertain, the potential for computers to bridge gaps in human knowledge and intelligence offers a compelling vision for the future.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matthews","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"html","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48410/galley/36446/download/"}]},{"pk":48411,"title":"Letters and Commentary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48411/galley/36447/download/"}]},{"pk":48449,"title":"Letters and Commentary","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20f8s601","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48449/galley/36486/download/"}]},{"pk":48454,"title":"Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Planning—An Arid Land Case","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Over the past 15 years, recreational use of arid lands in the western United States has significantly increased, necessitating improved planning and management strategies. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) Planning system, developed through collaboration between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), provides a structured approach for assessing and managing recreational resources. ROS Planning categorizes recreation opportunities based on activity, setting, and experience dimensions, ensuring a diverse range of recreational experiences. This system has been widely adopted, covering about 30% of federally managed lands. The implementation of ROS Planning is demonstrated through a case study at Steens Mountain Recreation Area in Oregon. The study compares hand-drawn and computer-assisted mapping techniques for classifying recreation zones, highlighting the advantages of digital mapping for accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of road closures on recreation opportunities, illustrating how management decisions can be simulated and assessed. The research emphasizes the need for demand data in ROS terms and explores the applicability of ROS standards in arid landscapes. Overall, ROS Planning provides a systematic framework for integrating recreation with other land uses while ensuring sustainable resource management.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59f611v0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Perry","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Manfredo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48454/galley/36490/download/"}]},{"pk":48416,"title":"Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Planning—An Arid Land Case","subtitle":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past 15 years, recreational use of arid lands in the western United States has significantly increased, necessitating improved planning and management strategies. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) Planning system, developed through collaboration between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), provides a structured approach for assessing and managing recreational resources. ROS Planning categorizes recreation opportunities based on activity, setting, and experience dimensions, ensuring a diverse range of recreational experiences. This system has been widely adopted, covering about 30% of federally managed lands. The implementation of ROS Planning is demonstrated through a case study at Steens Mountain Recreation Area in Oregon. The study compares hand-drawn and computer-assisted mapping techniques for classifying recreation zones, highlighting the advantages of digital mapping for accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of road closures on recreation opportunities, illustrating how management decisions can be simulated and assessed. The research emphasizes the need for demand data in ROS terms and explores the applicability of ROS standards in arid landscapes. Overall, ROS Planning provides a systematic framework for integrating recreation with other land uses while ensuring sustainable resource management.</p>","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Perry","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Manfredo","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48416/galley/36452/download/"}]},{"pk":48415,"title":"Resource Information Tracking System (RITS)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) faces a significant challenge in managing and accessing crucial information for effective planning and decision-making, which is particularly critical for the protection of nationally significant resources. A major issue lies in the inability to retrieve valuable information when needed, despite its availability. This gap leads to inefficiencies, delays, errors, and increased costs that directly impact the preservation efforts. To address these issues, the NPS is developing the Resource Information Tracking System (RITS), an information management system designed to enhance accessibility and tracking of data related to resource management, monitoring, and research within national parks. RITS will integrate data from Park Resource Management Plans (RMPs), abstracts of monitoring and research reports, and resource activity permits, facilitating storage and real-time retrieval of information. The system will provide a comprehensive framework to track resource activities, improve data flow, and ensure consistency and accessibility across the Service. With the goal of becoming operational by 1984, RITS will be pivotal in modernizing the NPSÕs approach to resource management and addressing the challenges posed by contemporary technological threats.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roland","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Wauer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48415/galley/36451/download/"}]},{"pk":48453,"title":"Resource Information Tracking System (RITS)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) faces a significant challenge in managing and accessing crucial information for effective planning and decision-making, which is particularly critical for the protection of nationally significant resources. A major issue lies in the inability to retrieve valuable information when needed, despite its availability. This gap leads to inefficiencies, delays, errors, and increased costs that directly impact the preservation efforts. To address these issues, the NPS is developing the Resource Information Tracking System (RITS), an information management system designed to enhance accessibility and tracking of data related to resource management, monitoring, and research within national parks. RITS will integrate data from Park Resource Management Plans (RMPs), abstracts of monitoring and research reports, and resource activity permits, facilitating storage and real-time retrieval of information. The system will provide a comprehensive framework to track resource activities, improve data flow, and ensure consistency and accessibility across the Service. With the goal of becoming operational by 1984, RITS will be pivotal in modernizing the NPS's approach to resource management and addressing the challenges posed by contemporary technological threats.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cf174k4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Roland","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Wauer","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48453/galley/36489/download/"}]},{"pk":48456,"title":"Strategy Conference on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Resources: A Research and Education Agenda (conference program)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Conference program","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h86581m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48456/galley/36492/download/"}]},{"pk":48418,"title":"Strategy Conference on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Resources: A Research and Education Agenda (conference program)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Conference program","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48418/galley/36454/download/"}]},{"pk":48447,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, no. 2","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f67w3mt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48447/galley/36485/download/"}]},{"pk":48409,"title":"Table of Contents, Vol. 2, no. 2","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-04-01T17:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/48409/galley/36445/download/"}]},{"pk":30279,"title":"A Computer Simulation Approach To\nThe Study Of Emotional Behavior'","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wv8m0p4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rolf","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pfeifer","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30279/galley/20133/download/"}]},{"pk":30249,"title":"Actively Learning To Use A Word Processor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v5945cr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Carroll","name_suffix":"","institution":"IBM Thomas Watson Research Center","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mack","name_suffix":"","institution":"IBM Thomas Watson Research Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30249/galley/20103/download/"}]},{"pk":30271,"title":"A General Model For Simulating Information\nProcessing Experiments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n48k0dq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Earl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hunt","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Washington","department":""},{"first_name":"Pollyanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Plxton","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Washington","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30271/galley/20125/download/"}]},{"pk":30245,"title":"Analogical Reasoning Patterns In\nExpert Problem Solving","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vm0c6x8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clement","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30245/galley/20099/download/"}]},{"pk":30231,"title":"An Experimental Architecture Chat Supports Non-Tenporal Prediction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A constructive theory of memory organisation has been developed, based upon the principle of non-temporal prediction. The theory predicts much of the experimental findings on recall and forgetting and provides a computational foundation for some of the intuitive notions of the society of mind theory. This paper describes an experimental architecture that is being used to study this form of learning. The architecture is a highly distributed system that achieves \"structural\" learning through the application of a particularly powerful form of natural constraint.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p9554c5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Robertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Texas at Dallas","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30231/galley/20085/download/"}]},{"pk":30219,"title":"A Note Concerning Qualitative Process Theory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—REPRESENTATION OF PROCESSES AND TIME","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n2176fp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ken","middle_name":"","last_name":"Forbus","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30219/galley/20073/download/"}]},{"pk":30272,"title":"Architecture-Directed Processing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Certain general characteristics of human cognition may be due to properties of the functional architecture of the cognitive processor. While proposed cognitive architectures are almost always \"universal\" and can be forced to execute arbitrarily chosen computations, nonetheless It Is possible to delineate a class of \"compliant\" processes that allow the architecture of the processor to influence the course of processing. A speculative case is made that such compliant processing is responsible for invariants of human cognition, such as that problem solving occurs as heuristic search in a problem space, that long-term memory search takes place in cycles of retrieval and re-description, and that uncertain information is dealt with by prominence heuristics.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xm1z8f1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Young","name_suffix":"","institution":"MRC Applied Psychology Unit","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30272/galley/20126/download/"}]},{"pk":30260,"title":"Arithmetic Procedures In Everyday Situations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q5993zd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lave","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30260/galley/20114/download/"}]},{"pk":30262,"title":"Associative Encoding At Synapses","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tm0z30j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Levy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30262/galley/20116/download/"}]},{"pk":30284,"title":"A Unified Theory Of Cognitive Reference Frames","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s86528r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leyton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30284/galley/20138/download/"}]},{"pk":40035,"title":"Authors and Illustrations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Credits for this issue.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fw302fc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"George Wright Society","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40035/galley/30130/download/"}]},{"pk":40023,"title":"A View from the Wilderness: Guest Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A  commentary on the editorial in this issue by Jack A. Stanford.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1103k2pp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matthews","name_suffix":"","institution":"George Wright Society","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"html","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40023/galley/30101/download/"},{"label":"HTML","type":"html","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40023/galley/30118/download/"}]},{"pk":30248,"title":"Bi-Dlrectional Inference","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Inference can be viewed as a search through a space of inference rules. Backward and forward inference differ in the direction of the search: backward inference searches from goals to ground assertions; forward inference searches from ground assertions to goals. This paper describes an inference procedure, called bi-directional inference, which limits the number of inference rules searched. Bi-directional inference results from the interaction between forward and backward inference and loosely corresponds to bi-directional search. We show through an example that, when used throughout a session of related tasks, bi-directional inference sets up a conversational context and prunes the search through the space of inference rules by ignoring rules which are not relevant to that context.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4np8j54m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stuart","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shapiro","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""},{"first_name":"Joao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martins","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""},{"first_name":"Donald","middle_name":"","last_name":"McKay","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30248/galley/20102/download/"}]},{"pk":30235,"title":"Conceptual Combination And\nFuzzy Set Theory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93g2q9zv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edward","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Osherson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of 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Stirring!","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A short notice of three upcoming park-related science conferences: in Hawaii, Montana, and California.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"conferences"}],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v71g7v3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jean","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matthews","name_suffix":"","institution":"George Wright Society","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40030/galley/30125/download/"}]},{"pk":30227,"title":"Conscious And Unconscious Components Of Intentional Control.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—CONTROL OF ACTIONS","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hn2c5dd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bernard","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Baars","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Stony Brook.","department":""},{"first_name":"Diane","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Kraff","name_suffix":"","institution":"State University of New York at Stony Brook.","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30227/galley/20081/download/"}]},{"pk":30216,"title":"Conscious, Subconscious, Unconscious:\nA Neodissoclatlon Perspective","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—CONSCIOUSNESS","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t07x39m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Kihlstrom","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Wisconsin","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30216/galley/20070/download/"}]},{"pk":30247,"title":"Constructing Runnable Mental Models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09m1p9h4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Collins","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.","department":""},{"first_name":"Dedre","middle_name":"","last_name":"Centner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30247/galley/20101/download/"}]},{"pk":30240,"title":"Defaults Revisited Or \"Tell Me If You'Re Guessing.\"","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses default reasoning, distinguishing generalizations associated vdth defaults from both universals and statistical generalizations. I argue that conclusions based on defaults should be reported differently frcm conclusions which do not involve default reasoning, and that however we represent than, the related inference system must distinguish default claims from other propositions and treat than differently. Two existing analyses of default reascxung are briefly criticized in light of the distinctions presented.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qk591dt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jane","middle_name":"Terry","last_name":"Nutter","name_suffix":"","institution":"SUNY at Buffalo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30240/galley/20094/download/"}]},{"pk":40028,"title":"Domestic Tranquility and the National Park System: A Context for Human Ecology","subtitle":null,"abstract":"An analysis of how language from the Declaration of Independence applies to the US national parlks.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Ethics"}],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fz6q51c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Theodore","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Sudia","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Park Service","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40028/galley/30123/download/"}]},{"pk":30253,"title":"Dynamic Construction Of Finite Aucomata\nFrom Examples Using Hlll-Cllmbing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The problem addressed In this paper is heuristically-guided learning of finite automata from examples. Given positive sample strings and negative sample strings, a finite automaton is generated and incrementally refined to accept all positive samples but no negative samples. This paper describes some experiments in applying hillcllmblng to modify finite automata to accept a desired regular language. We show that many problems can be solved by this simple method.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x20328b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Masaru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tomlta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30253/galley/20107/download/"}]},{"pk":40029,"title":"Evaluation of New Areas for the National Park System: The Great Basin Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A report on a study of the Great Basin phsyiographic region and its potential for new national park units.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Great Basin"}],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0x5529p1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ronald","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"Johnson","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Park Service","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40029/galley/30124/download/"}]},{"pk":30250,"title":"Examples In The Legal Domain:\nHypotheticals In Contract Law","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the use of examples in the law, in particular \"hypotheticals\" in contract law. We present a framework for representing examples, show how this can be used to generate new hypotheticals, and discuss their role in the dialectic of refining or learning legal doctrine.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kz9w4rm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Edwlna","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Rissland","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30250/galley/20104/download/"}]},{"pk":30274,"title":"Exploded Conncetions: Unchunking Schematic Knowledge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bc733d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Stephen","middle_name":"L.","last_name":"Small","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30274/galley/20128/download/"}]},{"pk":30233,"title":"Fuzzy Semantic Networks: A New\nKnowledge Representation Structure","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new method of knowledge representation called a fuzzy semantic network (FUSEN). FUSENs were created to model continuous or fuzzy knowledge using concepts from artificial intelligence, fuzzy set theory, and cognitive psychology. FUSENs have the ability to model three theories from cognitive psychology: the theory of natural categories, the family resemblance theory, and the feature-set theory. They can also perform as most of the knowledge structures from artificial intelligence and as a fuzzy set structure. Presented is their structure and several examples illustrating their use.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9811589j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"DOUGLAS","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"DANKEL","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""},{"first_name":"KENNETH","middle_name":"W.","last_name":"SPRAGUE","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30233/galley/20087/download/"}]},{"pk":30244,"title":"Generation Of Useful Problem Representations In A\nSemantically Rich Domain: The Example Of Physics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts7h3ff","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Joan","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Heller","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""},{"first_name":"F.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reif","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30244/galley/20098/download/"}]},{"pk":30234,"title":"Getting A N D Using Context:\nFunctional Constraints\nOn The\nOrganization Of Knowledge","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk8h7f6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Galamboa","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Black","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30234/galley/20088/download/"}]},{"pk":40024,"title":"Glacier National Park: An Island in a Sea of Development: A Guest Editorial","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Writing from a patrol cabin in the backcountry of Glacier National Park, the director of the University of Montana biological station reflects on development around the park, especially a proposed mine.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dk6p25c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jack","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Stanford","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Montana","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40024/galley/30119/download/"}]},{"pk":30228,"title":"How Do Children Learn To Judge Gramnatlcality?\nA Psychologically Plausible Computer Model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kt6j297","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mallory","middle_name":"","last_name":"Selfrldge","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30228/galley/20082/download/"}]},{"pk":30261,"title":"How Novices Solve Physics Problems","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The paper outlines ten claims about the performance of novices solving problems In physics. The claims are then evaluated from the literature, and from the results of a study where synchronised audio tape and paper and pencil working records of novices solving kinematics problems were made. Some alternative methodologies for investigating these claims are discussed and the future direction of the work indicated.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jq3k61m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eileen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Scanlon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Open University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tim","middle_name":"","last_name":"O'Shea","name_suffix":"","institution":"Open University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30261/galley/20115/download/"}]},{"pk":30226,"title":"Internal Directional Reference Frames For\nMotor Coordination","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—CONTROL OF ACTIONS","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69p804qt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"C.","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Boylls","name_suffix":"","institution":"Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30226/galley/20080/download/"}]},{"pk":30276,"title":"Judgmental Inference: A Theory Of Inferential Decision-Making During Understanding","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the course of understanding a text, a succession of decision points arise at which readers are faced with the task of choosing among alternative possible interpretations of what they're reading. Careful analysis of a wide range of sample texts reveals that such decisions are often based on complex evaluations of the interpretation being constructed, and sometimes cause the reader to construct and discard a number of intermediate inferences before settling on a final interpretation for a text. This paper describes Judgmental Inference theory as a proposed scheme of evaluation metrics and mechanisms, derived from examination of inference decisions arising during text understanding. A series of programs, ARTHUR, MACARTHUR and JUDGE are briefly described, which incorporate some of the metrics and mechanians of Judgmental Inference, enabling then to inderstand texts more conplex than those that can be handled by other understanding systems.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xc4z2x2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Richard","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Granger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30276/galley/20130/download/"}]},{"pk":30285,"title":"Knowing. Undehstanding, And Believing","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hc5g921","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yutaka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sayaki","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tokyo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30285/galley/20139/download/"}]},{"pk":30286,"title":"Knowledge And Belief As Logical Levels Of Representation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ps8k6dw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gabriella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Airenti","name_suffix":"","institution":"University di Milano","department":""},{"first_name":"Bruno","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Bara","name_suffix":"","institution":"University di Milano","department":""},{"first_name":"Marco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colombetti","name_suffix":"","institution":"Politecnico di Milano","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30286/galley/20140/download/"}]},{"pk":30283,"title":"Knowledge Constraints And Language Comprehension In Aphasia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hq1c4n5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Victor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rosenthal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universite Paris VIII","department":""},{"first_name":"Patrizia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bisiacchi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universita di Padova","department":""},{"first_name":"Evelyne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Andreewsky","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hopital de la Salpetriere","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30283/galley/20137/download/"}]},{"pk":30282,"title":"Language Dominance And Gesture Hand Preferences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8625w94h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Debra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stephens","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Chicago","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30282/galley/20136/download/"}]},{"pk":30251,"title":"Learning Recursive Procedures\nBy Middleschool Children","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30q1t0md","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuichiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Anzai","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie-Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Yuzuru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Uesato","name_suffix":"","institution":"Keio University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30251/galley/20105/download/"}]},{"pk":30224,"title":"Metaphor And The Construction Op Reality","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—METAPHOR","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rk350nc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"George","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lakoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California at Berkeley","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30224/galley/20078/download/"}]},{"pk":30223,"title":"Metaphoric Gestures","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—METAPHOR","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91g238nt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"McNeill","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Chicago","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30223/galley/20077/download/"}]},{"pk":30222,"title":"Metaphors For Marrage In Our Culture","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—METAPHOR","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38h535gj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Naomi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Quinn","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30222/galley/20076/download/"}]},{"pk":30217,"title":"Modeling Events, Actions, And Time","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"SYMPOSIUM—REPRESENTATION OF PROCESSES AND TIME","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69f9m3c4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Allen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30217/galley/20071/download/"}]},{"pk":30236,"title":"Natural Language Processlng Using Spreading Activation And Lateral Inhibition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The knowledge needed to process natural language comes from many sources. While the knowledge Itself may be broken up modularly, into knowledge of syntax, semantics, etc., the actual processing should be completely integrated. This form of processing is not easily amenable to the type of processing done by serial \"Von Neumann\" computers. This work In progress is an Investigation of the use of a spreading activation and lateral inhibition network as a mechanism for integrated natural language processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t33f7m4","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pollack","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universlty of Illlnois","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Waltz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universlty of Illlnois","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30236/galley/20090/download/"}]},{"pk":30266,"title":"Natural Problem Solving Strategies\nAnd\nProgramming Language Constructa","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n2070vg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bonar","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Massachusetts","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30266/galley/20120/download/"}]},{"pk":30263,"title":"Neural Hardware And The Presumed\nAutonomy Of Psychology","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ww2v9v6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bechcel","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois Medical Center","department":""},{"first_name":"Barnard","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ecanow","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois Medical Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30263/galley/20117/download/"}]},{"pk":40034,"title":"New Members","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A list of newly joined George Wright Society members.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pz125fm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"George Wright Society","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"HTML","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40034/galley/30129/download/"}]},{"pk":40032,"title":"Notes","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Miscellaneous notes on news items of interest and GWS activities .","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b05f0w8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"","middle_name":"","last_name":"","name_suffix":"","institution":"George Wright Society","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/gwf/article/40032/galley/30127/download/"}]},{"pk":30270,"title":"On Changing The \"Logic\" Of Proposed\nLogics Of Scientific Discovery","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/926251mb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"S.","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Grover","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Calgary","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30270/galley/20124/download/"}]},{"pk":30243,"title":"On-Line Processing Of Pragmatic Inferences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tn9p4bm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Colleen","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Seifert","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Scott","middle_name":"P.","last_name":"Robertson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Black","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30243/galley/20097/download/"}]},{"pk":30229,"title":"Pathfinder: Investigating The\nAcquisition Of Communicative Conventions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"PATHFINDER is a system that solves coordination problems that require acquisition of a convention governing the intended meaning of a symbol. LEADER blazes a trail through a maze by leaving symbols in the various paths, and FOLLOWER must find LEADER by discovering the Intended meanings of these blazes. PATHFINDER is the first step In a project to design a system that can solve a variety of coordination problems of the sort implicated in language acquisition. Solving certain coordination problems is conmuni eating. Since coordination problem solution can become conventional (as David Lewis has shown), communication can become conventional, and that is language in its most general form. As conventions are acquired, more sophisitcated coordination problems can be solved, and more sophisticated conventions can be acquired. Eventually, it should be possible to acquire conventions governing identifiers and general terms, and this will enable use of a first order language via a recursive procedure adapted from Tarski by Cummins.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62k7757w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cunmins","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee","department":""},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dietrich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Martin Marietta Corporation","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30229/galley/20083/download/"}]},{"pk":30255,"title":"Personal Memory, Generic Memory, And Skill: A Re-\nAnalysis Of The Episodic-Semantic Distinction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Submitted Papers","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/429375qt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Brewer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"1982-01-02T03:00:00+09:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30255/galley/20109/download/"}]}]}