{"count":39506,"next":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=6000","previous":"https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=json&limit=100&offset=5800","results":[{"pk":24272,"title":"Exploring the expression of emotions in children's  body posture using OpenPose","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Emotions regulate social interactions from early in ontogeny, but are difficult to assess in young children. Previous studies used body posture to measure emotion expressions, employing depth-sensor imaging cameras. Advances in artificial intelligence allow researchers to track posture from existing videos. The reported studies explored the feasibility of OpenPose to capture children's emotional expressions. In Study 1, we analysed posture data from previous studies and found that children's expressed valence was positively related to changes in upper-body expansion whereas expressed arousal was related to overall movement.  In Study 2, children (n = 64, 5-10 years) recalled emotional episodes of ‚Äòhappiness', ‚Äòsadness', ‚Äòpride', and ‚Äòshame'. There were no effects of specific emotion categories on posture changes, but exploratory analyses revealed that recalling positive emotions yielded greater changes in upper-body expansion compared to negative emotions. Together, these results suggest that the valence and arousal of expressed emotions can be captured using OpenPose.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Development; Emotion"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p53h4xn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marlene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Försterling","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""},{"first_name":"Stella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gerdemann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Parkinson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hepach","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Oxford","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24272/galley/13868/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24272/galley/21175/download/"}]},{"pk":24613,"title":"Exploring the flexibility of perspective reasoning: Evidence from pronoun resolution","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Work in psycholinguistics continues to demonstrate new ways in which perspective-taking guides language processing. E.g., recent work shows that, in sentences like “Sophie [told Amanda that]/[asked Amanda if] she likes learning new languages”, readers use perspective reasoning to judge the ambiguous pronoun as near-categorically referring to the subject antecedent in TELL (because Sophie possesses the relevant knowledge) and the object antecedent in ASK (Amanda’s knowledge). Although these patterns demonstrate a robust perspective effect, could they instead arise from shallow lexical cues provided by TELL/ASK? Experiment 1 rules out lexical-cue explanations by showing that preceding context sentences can compel readers to actually reverse the “default” antecedent judgements otherwise found for TELL/ASK sentences. Experiment 2 further explores the pragmatic basis of perspective-taking in stand-alone sentences by simply varying character properties, e.g., “Max asked his [son/tutor] Gerald if he understood the assignment correctly”, where Gerald’s role shifts who likely holds the relevant knowledge.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language understanding; Pragmatics; Reasoning"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fc3s9g3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tiana","middle_name":"V.","last_name":"Simovic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""},{"first_name":"Craig","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chambers","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Toronto","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24613/galley/17971/download/"}]},{"pk":24213,"title":"Exploring the Gratton and Proportion Congruency Effects in a Parity/Magnitude Task-Switching Paradigm: Implications for the Conflict-Driven Control Model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We investigated the Gratton effect and the proportion congruency effect using a parity/magnitude task-switching paradigm. In our study, participants decided the parity or magnitude of a digit. These tasks alternated across trials. Congruency was defined as the match between the stimulus-response rules of the current task with the other task. Therefore, there was no irrelevant dimension, no conflict within the stimulus, or no focus on the relevant dimensions. Conflict-driven control directs the conflict that arises when multiple, competing rules are held in working memory. Importantly, the stimulus-response contingency remains the same across different levels of conflict. We observed both the proportion congruency effect and the Gratton effect in both reaction times and error rates. Our results suggest that the conflict-driven control incorporates conflict between rules, arising from holding conflicting rules in immediate memory. Contingency learning alone cannot fully explain the the proportion congruency effects observed in our task-switching¬†paradigm.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Attention; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6235753x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kadriye","middle_name":"Rüveyda","last_name":"Öztürk","name_suffix":"","institution":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Kaan","middle_name":"Berk","last_name":"Taç","name_suffix":"","institution":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Nart Bedin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Atalay","name_suffix":"","institution":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24213/galley/13809/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24213/galley/21177/download/"}]},{"pk":24047,"title":"Exploring the Influence of Verbal and Nonverbal Similarities on the Verbal Overshadowing Effect in Facial Recognition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The verbal overshadowing effect, a phenomenon where verbal descriptions of an encoded face hinder subsequent recognition, has been linked to the similarity in facial image sets used in recognition tasks. However, the specific aspects of similarity that influence this effect remained underexplored. This study, therefore, employed the Stable Diffusion image-generation model to create image sets that are similar either verbally or nonverbally. Experimental results using these sets revealed the presence of the verbal overshadowing effect in the verbally-similar set, but it was not evident in the nonverbally-similar set. These findings align with existing explanations of the verbal overshadowing effect and contribute to enhancing its predictability.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Face Processing; Language and thought; Memory"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tb445m7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yuki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tsukamura","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Kensuke","middle_name":"","last_name":"Okada","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24047/galley/13641/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24047/galley/21178/download/"}]},{"pk":24194,"title":"Exploring the Predictive Power of Eye Movements on Insight Problem Solving","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The precise mechanisms precipitating the process of representational change in problem solving have been investigated for nearly a century. One current hypothesis is that analyzing the unchanging elements of previous attempts may facilitate restructuring. We investigated this hypothesis by providing solvers with three common examples of unsuccessful problem attempts, their own problem attempts, or no previous attempts. The prior attempts conditions eliminated the need to rely on working memory to access previous unsuccessful attempts. While there was no evidence for an overall effect of the prior attempts conditions, cognitive reflection was identified as a reliable predictor of restructuring and solving. Eye-tracking data were collected to further investigate the contributions of these systems to fixations while solving. The current study is an exploratory analysis of this data, with analyses focusing on participants' fixations on problem-irrelevant space and unsuccessful attempts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Problem Solving; Representation; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vw9k2ct","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Creel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mississippi State University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jarrod","middle_name":"","last_name":"Moss","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mississippi State University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24194/galley/13790/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24194/galley/21179/download/"}]},{"pk":24793,"title":"Exploring the Speech-to-Song Transformation: Linguistic Influences in Tonal and Non-Tonal Language Speakers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When speech is repeated, we sometimes perceive a musical quality in it, a phenomenon known as the speech-to-song transformation. Pitch information is shown to play a significant role in this process. However, this effect is less pronounced in tonal language speakers for ununderstood reasons. To explore this further, the current study recruited 140 participants, both tonal and non-tonal language speakers, and tested them using various languages and non-speech fragments. Results indicated that the reduced transformation effect in tonal language speakers was specific to speech materials and did not extend to non-speech materials. This suggests that while repetition invites listeners to perceive musical qualities in sound, the mechanisms underlying speech-to-song transformation seem to operate with an additional layer of linguistic processes. The findings provide a basis for further investigations into the dynamic information processing link between language and music.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Music; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts257j8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Makiko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sadakata","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute for Logic, Language and Computation","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24793/galley/21180/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24793/galley/14391/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24793/galley/18248/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24793/galley/21180/download/"}]},{"pk":24814,"title":"Exposure to the ideas of others in idea generation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Collaboration takes place everywhere in everyday life, and exposure to the ideas of others is a core process in collaboration. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to other people's ideas facilitates idea generation: 123 participants were asked to list as many ideas as possible to increase turnout in one of three conditions: constant exposure, intermittent exposure, or no exposure. Participants in the no exposure condition generated ideas without exposure to other's ideas. In the constant exposure condition, one of the sets of ideas generated by participants in the no exposure condition was presented on every trial. In the intermittent exposure condition, ideas were only presented in trials 1, 4, and 7. As a result, there was no significant difference in the number of ideas generated between conditions. The conditions under which exposure to the ideas of others facilitates idea generation were discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Problem Solving"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nw6329v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sachiko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kiyokawa","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24814/galley/21181/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24814/galley/14412/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24814/galley/18269/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24814/galley/21181/download/"}]},{"pk":24153,"title":"Extending the Locally Bayesian Learning Model to Exemplar-Based Categorization with Continuous Features","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Locally Bayesian Learning (LBL) approach bridges the gap between optimal Bayesian learning and suboptimal performance that arises from human behavior. Although this learning model has considerable potential, it has been underdeveloped and has remained in its original form for several decades. In this paper, we extend the original LBL model to an exemplar approach, which we refer to as the exemplar-LBL model. Two notable features of this extension are that (a) the model can take continuous features as inputs and (b) can conduct exemplar-based categorization. We report various simulations, which show that the model can generate numerous important predictions about category learning. Additionally, we introduce the extra-learning hypothesis, which can account for how classification and observation training can produce differential learning. Our results showcase scenarios under which classification training is superior to observation training and other instances in which the opposite occurs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Learning; Bayesian modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57r329zj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yu-Wei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sinem","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aytac","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Cindy","middle_name":"G","last_name":"Mendoza Gonzalez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kalish","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Corral","name_suffix":"","institution":"Syracuse University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24153/galley/13749/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24153/galley/21182/download/"}]},{"pk":24410,"title":"Eye Movement Behavior during Mind Wandering across Different Tasks in Interactive Online Learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The recent surge in online learning demands better ways to monitor students' mind wandering (MW) episodes. We examined whether different eye movement measures were associated with MW in tasks with different cognitive demands. We found that a reduced number of fixations was associated with MW in tasks involving searching for information without clearly defined strategies. A larger variance in pupil diameter, as well as reduced eye movement consistency, were associated with MW when imagining a scenario with a central fixation. Reduced eye movement consistency, as well as reduced joint attention with another participant, were both associated with MW in tasks involving a clearly defined strategy. Interestingly, none of these eye movement measures was associated with MW in tasks involving well-learned visual routines such as face and scene identification, suggesting idiosyncrasy in eye movement behavior in these tasks. These findings have important implications for developing effective methods for detecting MW.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Attention; Learning; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17c6n2zb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Xiaoru","middle_name":"","last_name":"Teng","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Hui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Beijing University of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Gloria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Reading","department":""},{"first_name":"Antoni","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Chan","name_suffix":"","institution":"City University of Hong Kong","department":""},{"first_name":"Janet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hsiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24410/galley/14007/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24410/galley/21183/download/"}]},{"pk":21429,"title":"Eye Movements are like Gestures in the Creation of  Informal Algorithms","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People who have no experience with programming can create informal programs to rearrange the order of cars in trains. To find out whether they rely on kinematic mental simulations, the current studies examined participants' eye movements in two experiments in which participants performed various moves and rearrangements on a railway consisting of a main track running from left to right and a siding entered from and exited to the left track.  In Experiment 1, they had to imagine different sorts of single moves of cars on the railway. The sequences of their fixations resembled iconic gestures: they tended to look at the starting location of the imagined move, and then at its final location. In Experiment 2, the task was to create descriptions of how to solve four sorts of rearrangements that differ in their Kolmogorov complexity.  It predicted the time to find the correct solution and the relative number and duration of fixations recorded during the description of each move for rearrangements of different complexity. Participants were more likely to fixate on the symbols on the cars than anything else, and they fixated longer when the rearrangement was more difficult. They also tended to fixate regions of the tracks where a car's movement began or ended, as if they were imagining a car moving along the tracks. The results suggest that humans rely on a kinematic mental simulation when creating informal algorithms.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd3c5d5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mackiewicz","name_suffix":"","institution":"SWPS University of Social Science and Humanities","department":""},{"first_name":"Monica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bucciarelli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Università di Torino","department":""},{"first_name":"Sangeet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khemlani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Naval Research Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Phil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Johnson-Laird","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21429/galley/11028/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21429/galley/21874/download/"}]},{"pk":21671,"title":"Eyes On the Past: visual exploration of Upper Palaeolithic cave art","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The European Upper Palaeolithic is rich in figurative cave art. In particular, prey animals are often depicted in simple sche- matic outlines. The role and function of these depictions is sub- ject of controversy with competing accounts represented in the literature. Here we apply eye-tracking to investigate partici- pants' distribution of visual attention as a function of three hy- pothesized pragmatic functions of the cave art: aesthetic appre- ciation, narratives about animal behavior, and social learning of animal species. Results indicate vast variability in visual ex- ploration patterns across the viewing conditions, with more uniformly distributed attention in the aesthetics condition, more focus on legs and torso in the behavior condition, and more attention to the head regions in the species recognition condition. Findings are discussed in regards to the under- and over-specification of information in the animal paintings as a cue to their possible past function.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Anthropology; Psychology; Attention; Evolution; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xm0h6cn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Frederieke","middle_name":"Nicola","last_name":"Wullf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sara","middle_name":"Kjær","last_name":"Kristensen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Isobel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wisher","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kristian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tylen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21671/galley/11270/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21671/galley/22064/download/"}]},{"pk":24043,"title":"Face Processing in Real and Virtual Faces: An EEG Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Previous studies suggested brain differences in the temporal domain when processing real human faces versus virtual agent faces, starting from 400 ms onward. However, few studies directly compared the early and the late face processing stages within one paradigm. Here we conducted an EEG study utilizing real human faces and high-quality virtual agent faces, examining two event-related potentials; the early N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). Results showed identical N170 responses for both face types. However, the LPP response revealed a nuanced distinction, with real human faces evoking a slightly larger LPP compared to virtual agent faces. These results suggest that although virtual agent faces can approach the level of emotional engagement and higher-order evaluation associated with real human faces, human faces remain the most engaging. These findings shed light on the cognitive processes involved in face perception and the potential for intelligent virtual agents in AI and education.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Face Processing; Intelligent agents; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rj20960","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Julija","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vaitonytƒó","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Maryam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Alimardani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Max","middle_name":"","last_name":"Louwerse","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24043/galley/13637/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24043/galley/21184/download/"}]},{"pk":21432,"title":"False Memories of Actions: When Motor Simulation is Deceptive","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Seeing a person preparing to perform an action and later remembering having seen subsequent phases of the action, but not previous phases. This is what a theory on the role of the motor system in the creation and recovery of memories predicts can happen. We investigate memory for action after viewing an image representing an actor acting on a series of everyday objects. The participants in one experiment viewed a series of still photos of unfolding actions on objects (e.g., blowing the nose), and 15 minutes later they were asked to complete a recognition task. At recognition, participants viewed photos representing temporally distant moments, backward or forward in time compared to the original, along with the same photos seen at encoding. Results showed that participants tended to accept forward photos more than backward photos. In a pilot study, we explored the role of the temporal distance between encoding and recognition. Results showed that when 3 days elapsed between the encoding and recognition phases, participants did not tend to accept forward photos more than backward photos.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Action; Embodied Cognition; Memory; Situated cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8613t4w1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Teresa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Limata","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Turin","department":""},{"first_name":"Mara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stockner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""},{"first_name":"Danilo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mitaritonna","name_suffix":"","institution":"\"Sapienza\" University of Rome","department":""},{"first_name":"Giuliana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mazzoni","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""},{"first_name":"Monica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bucciarelli","name_suffix":"","institution":"Università di Torino","department":""},{"first_name":"Francesco","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ianì","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Torino","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21432/galley/11031/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21432/galley/21877/download/"}]},{"pk":24686,"title":"Feature-based generalisation in sound pattern learning depends on phonetic motivation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It has been claimed that language learners are better at acquiring phonetically motivated phonological patterns compared to unmotivated patterns; this hypothesis is known as substantively biased phonological learning. We test this hypothesis by exposing French-speaking participants (n=120) to either a vowel harmony pattern (phonetically motivated) or a vowel disharmony pattern (comparable formal complexity but phonetically unmotivated) in an artificial language. Participants were trained with noun roots and a single suffix, but at test were required to add multiple suffixes to roots, including a novel suffix with a vowel unobserved during training. Although participants performed equally well when adding a single suffix, only those in the harmony condition generalized when adding two suffixes (including the held-out suffix). This work expands on previous research by showing feature-based generalization of harmony, but not disharmony, to novel affixes held out from training. It provides strong evidence for the substantively biased phonological learning account.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language learning; Phonology; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q00v5s6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alexander","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen","department":""},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"White","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24686/galley/21185/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24686/galley/14284/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24686/galley/18109/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24686/galley/21185/download/"}]},{"pk":24231,"title":"Feedback Promotes Learning and Knowledge of the Distribution of Values Hinders Exploration in an Optimal Stopping Task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People frequently encounter the challenge of deciding when to stop exploring options to optimize outcomes, such as when selecting an apartment in a fluctuating housing market or booking a dinner reservation on New Year's Eve. Despite experiencing these decisions on multiple occasions, people often struggle to stop searching optimally. This research investigates human learning abilities in optimal stopping tasks, focusing on feedback and knowledge of option value distributions. Through an experimental sequential choice task, we demonstrate that experience improves performance, with feedback significantly influencing learning. We also find that awareness of the value distribution reduces the duration of the search. A cognitive model accurately predicts these effects, shedding light on human learning processes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Decision making; Intelligent agents; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57b644z2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Erin","middle_name":"H.","last_name":"Bugbee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""},{"first_name":"Cleotilde","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gonzalez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Carnegie Mellon University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24231/galley/13827/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24231/galley/21186/download/"}]},{"pk":24520,"title":"Feelings and Actions in Threatening Virtual Reality Environments","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Virtual Reality (VR) can offer insights into realistic human defensive behavior. In the present work, we sought to elucidate the interplay between feelings and actions in VR-simulated threatening scenarios. Participants (n = 30) encountered various animal threats in VR during a fruit collection task. We retrospectively assessed participants' feelings after each episode on several dimensions, namely valence, arousal, potency, surprise, and anxiety. As predictor variables, we included scenario characteristics, behavioral responses, and personality traits. Our results indicate that the primary determinants for subjective feelings except potency were ultimate survival, the availability of self-defense weapons, and the animals' behavior (attack or not). No strong determinants for potency could be found. Notably, participants' behavioral responses did not independently influence feelings reported later. These findings highlight VR's potential in expanding our understanding of subjective feelings in threatening situations. Our research suggests that behavior and feelings in defensive situations might not be closely linked.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Emotion"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64q4q8ws","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lukas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kornemann","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bonn","department":""},{"first_name":"Ulises Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Serratos Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Jules","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brochard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bonn","department":""},{"first_name":"Dominik R.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bach","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24520/galley/21187/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24520/galley/14117/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24520/galley/21187/download/"}]},{"pk":21538,"title":"Fifteen-month-olds accept arbitrary shapes as symbols of familiar kind tokens","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Across three experiments, we show that 15-month-old infants understand that arbitrary objects can be used as symbols. Experiment 1 shows that infants map geometric shapes (e.g., a triangle) onto familiar discourse referents (e.g., a duck) based on labeling (e.g., ‚ÄúLook, a duck!‚Äù). Experiment 2 shows that infants do not generalize these mappings to a new speaker. This rules out the alternative hypothesis that infants interpret the labeling events literally. Experiment 3 shows that infants are sensitive to the conceptual identity of the discourse referent. After being told that one shape represents an agent (e.g., a duck) and another shape represents a patient (e.g., a cup), infants attend differentially when the agent symbol moves towards the patient symbol than the opposite. This rules out the alternative hypothesis that infants interpret the labeling events as referential pacts. The findings jointly indicate that symbolic relations are easily activated and available early in human development.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Development; Language development; Representation; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/795041px","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barbu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Revencu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""},{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pomiechowska","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Birmingham","department":""},{"first_name":"Gabor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brody","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gergely","middle_name":"","last_name":"Csibra","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21538/galley/11137/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21538/galley/14614/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21538/galley/21188/download/"}]},{"pk":21540,"title":"Finding structure in logographic writing with library learning","subtitle":null,"abstract":"One hallmark of human language is its combinatoriality---reusing a relatively small inventory of building blocks to create a far larger inventory of increasingly complex structures. \nIn this paper, we explore the idea that combinatoriality in language reflects a human inductive bias toward representational efficiency in symbol systems. We develop a computational framework for discovering structure in a writing system. Built on top of state-of-the-art library learning and program synthesis techniques, our computational framework discovers known linguistic structures in the Chinese writing system and reveals how the system evolves towards simplification under pressures for representational efficiency. We demonstrate how a library learning approach, utilizing learned abstractions and compression, may help reveal the fundamental computational principles that underlie the creation of combinatorial structures in human cognition, and offer broader insights into the evolution of efficient communication systems.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Evolution; Language learning; Phonology; Sketch understanding; Bayesian modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99c771pj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Guangyuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jiang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Matthias","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hofer","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Jiayuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Lionel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Roger","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21540/galley/11139/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21540/galley/14616/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21540/galley/21189/download/"}]},{"pk":24755,"title":"Finding Structure in Real Time: An Eye Tracking Study on the Statistical Learning of Multiple Linguistic Structures Simultaneously","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many human-invented compositional systems (e.g., language, mathematics) embody hierarchical relational structures. How exactly these structures are acquired during learning remains an open question. Here, we examine how the structure of a system engages learners' attention and learning. Participants (N=88) learned an artificial language that describes novel combinations of unknown visual symbols while their eye movements were recorded. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. The ‚ÄòMore' condition had three latent rules that connected components in verbal input to visual input. In contrast, the ‚ÄòLess' condition had only one latent rule. Despite having more regularities to learn, the ‚ÄòMore' condition performed as well as the ‚ÄòLess' condition. Eye movement data further revealed that participants in the ‚ÄòMore' condition selectively attended to target symbols more than those in the ‚ÄòLess' condition. These results suggest a counterintuitive ‚ÄòMore is More' principle: the presence of multiple regularities organizes attention and potentiates learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Attention; Language learning; Perception; Statistical learning; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/926291c3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lucile","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vleugels","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Lei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yuan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24755/galley/21190/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24755/galley/14353/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24755/galley/18210/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24755/galley/21190/download/"}]},{"pk":21412,"title":"Finding Unsupervised Alignment of Conceptual Systems in Image-Word Representations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Advancements in deep neural networks have led to significant progress in computer vision and natural language processing. These networks, trained on real-world stimuli, develop high-level feature representations of stimuli. It is hypothesized that these representations, stemming from different inputs, should converge into similar conceptual systems, as they reflect various perspectives of the same underlying reality. This paper examines the degree to which different conceptual systems can be aligned in an unsupervised manner, using feature-based representations from deep neural networks. Our investigation centers on the alignment between the image and word representations produced by diverse neural networks, emphasizing those trained via self-supervised learning methods. Subsequently, to probe comparable alignment patterns in human learning, we extend this examination to models trained on developmental headcam data from children. Our findings reveal a more pronounced alignment in models trained through self-supervised learning compared to supervised learning, effectively uncovering higher-level structural connections among categories. However, this alignment was notably absent in models trained with limited developmental headcam data, suggesting more data, more inductive biases, or more supervision are needed to establish alignment from realistic input.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Representation; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dz6b64q","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kexin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""},{"first_name":"Bei","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""},{"first_name":"Yajie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiao","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""},{"first_name":"Brenden","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lake","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21412/galley/11011/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21412/galley/21857/download/"}]},{"pk":21351,"title":"Find it like a dog: Using Gesture to Improve Object Search","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pointing is an intuitive and commonplace communication modality. In human-robot collaborative tasks, human pointing has been modeled using a variety of approaches, such as the forearm vector or the vector from eye to hand. However, models of the human pointing vector have not been uniformly or comprehensively evaluated. We performed a user study to compare five different representations of the pointing vector and their accuracies in identifying the human's intended target in an object selection task. We also compare the vectors' performances to that of domestic dogs to assess a non-human baseline known to be successful at following human points. Additionally, we developed an observation model to transform the vector into a probability map for object search. We implemented our system on our robot, enabling it to locate and fetch the user's desired objects efficiently and accurately.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Robotics; Comparative Studies; Gesture analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nk6w9fd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Madeline","middle_name":"Helmer","last_name":"Pelgrim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ivy Xiao","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Falak","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pabari","name_suffix":"","institution":"brown university","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefanie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tellex","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Thao","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nguyen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daphna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchsbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21351/galley/10950/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21351/galley/21796/download/"}]},{"pk":21546,"title":"Five' is the number of bunnies and hats: Children's understanding of cardinal extension and exact number","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When do children understand that number words (such as ‚Äòfive') refer to exact quantities and that the same number word can be used to label two sets whose items correspond 1-to-1 (e.g., if each bunny has a hat, and there are five hats, then there are five bunnies)? Two studies with English-speaking 2- to 5-year-olds revealed that children who could accurately count large sets (CP knowers) were able to infer that sets exhibiting 1-to-1 correspondence share the same number word, but not children who could not accurately count large sets (subset knowers). However, not all CP knowers made this inference, suggesting that learning to construct and label large sets is a critical but insufficient step in discovering that numbers represent exact quantities. CP knowers also failed to identify 1-to-1 corresponding sets when faced with sets that had an off-by-one difference, suggesting that children who could accurately count large sets used approximate magnitude to establish set equality, rather than 1-to-1 correspondence. These results suggest that children's initial intuitions about numerical and set equality are based on approximation, not 1-to-1 correspondence, and that this occurs well after they have learned to count and construct large sets.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Language development; Reasoning; Representation; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8293g6hd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Khuyen","middle_name":"N.","last_name":"Le","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kwon","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Mincong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Barner","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21546/galley/11145/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21546/galley/14622/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21546/galley/21756/download/"}]},{"pk":24254,"title":"FlexDDM: A flexible decision-diffusion Python package for the behavioral sciences","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Decision diffusion models are commonly used to explain the processes underlying decision-making. Many software options exist for cognitive scientists to fit diffusion models to data; however, they tend to lack customizability beyond existing model formulations that are already built into them, stymying new theoretical contributions.  We introduce FlexDDM, a new Python package that requires minimal coding to develop new diffusion models. The package is equipped with four standard models of cognitive conflict tasks and a suite of fitting techniques. Our development of FlexDDM aims to broaden the accessibility and applicability of computational methods in cognitive science, thereby accelerating theoretical innovation and contributing to advancements in the field of behavioral sciences.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Psychology; Attention; Decision making; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q57r2x0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kyle","middle_name":"","last_name":"LaFollette","name_suffix":"","institution":"Case Western Reserve University","department":""},{"first_name":"Joy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Case Western Reserve University","department":""},{"first_name":"Alessandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Puccio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Case Western Reserve University","department":""},{"first_name":"Heath","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Demaree","name_suffix":"","institution":"Case Western Reserve University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24254/galley/13850/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24254/galley/21191/download/"}]},{"pk":24797,"title":"Flexible adjustment to task demands through learning of optimal oscillatory characteristics","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans can flexibly pursue goal-oriented behavior in the face of changes in the environment. Cognitive control refers to this set of processes allowing such adjustments, and is thought to rely on neural oscillations in the theta band (4-8Hz). First, theta amplitude increases when control is needed, and second, shifts of peak frequency in the theta band have been suggested to reliably balance task representation and gating of task-relevant sensory and action information. However, it remains unknown how these two characteristics of the control signal interact and how optimal configuration for task performance is achieved. To tackle this question, we developed a computational model that relies on reinforcement learning principles to find optimal control settings for task performance. Our simulations show that these different oscillatory characteristics play distinct roles in the flexible adjustment to task demands. This work opens new avenues for research on the mechanisms allowing cognitive flexibility.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Decision making; Computational neuroscience; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f76413h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mehdi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Senoussi","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS UMR 5263, University of Toulouse","department":""},{"first_name":"Senne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Braem","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ghent University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verguts","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ghent University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24797/galley/21192/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24797/galley/14395/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24797/galley/18252/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24797/galley/21192/download/"}]},{"pk":21366,"title":"Foreground Enhanced Network for Weakly Supervised Temporal Language Grounding","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Temporal language grounding (TLG) aims to localize query-related events in videos, which explores how to cognize relationships of video content with language descriptions. According to selective visual attention mechanism in cognitive science, people's cognition and understanding of what happens often rely on dynamic foreground information in the video. Nonetheless, background usually predominates the scenes so that query-related visual features and irrelevant ones are confused. Thus, we propose a Foreground Enhanced Network (FEN) to diminish the background effect from two aspects.\nFEN at first in spatial dimension explicitly models the evolving foreground in video features by removing relatively unchanged background content. Besides, we propose a progressive contrastive sample generation module to gradually learn the differences between the predicted proposal and its elongated proposals that include the former as a portion, thereby distinguishing similar neighborhood frames. Experiments on two common-used datasets show the efficacy of our model.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Attention; Event cognition; Perception; Semantics; Knowledge representation; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kn0r859","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hongzhou","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"NUDT","department":""},{"first_name":"Xuechen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhao","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense and Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Yifan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lyu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute of Software, Chinese academy of sciences","department":""},{"first_name":"Xiang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"National University of Defense Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21366/galley/10965/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21366/galley/21811/download/"}]},{"pk":24487,"title":"Forging a head: how environmental elements influence the perception of a shape's facing direction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human perceivers are very sensitive to which way others are facing, with head and eye gaze cues capturing attention (when directed at us), orienting attention (when directed elsewhere), and even influencing downstream judgments about others' social traits. But what causes us to see a shape as directed in the first place? Does the perception of a shape's facing direction depend mainly on its internal structure ‚Äî or might it also be influenced by spatial context? In Experiment 1, observers briefly viewed a randomly oriented oval, and afterward used a circular slider to report which way they saw it as facing. A dot was always drawn near the oval ‚Äî aligned with either its long or short symmetry axis. Observers were biased to see the oval as facing toward the dot, but this effect was much stronger when the dot was aligned with the oval's long (vs. short) symmetry axis, indicating that external elements interact with a shape's internal structure to determine its perceived facing direction. How automatic is this association between long-axis alignment and ‚Äòtowardness'? In Experiment 2, participants saw the same displays, and now made speeded keypresses to indicate whether the oval's long or short axis was aligned with the dot. In one block of trials, they pressed an anterior (further forward) key to report long-axis alignment, and a posterior (further back) key to report short-axis alignment. In another block, they responded with opposite key-mappings. Participants responded faster in the block where an anterior key was paired with long-axis alignment and a posterior key with short-axis alignment, suggesting an automatic bias to see long-axis alignment as facing towards. We conclude that the perception of facing direction is driven by the interaction of internal structure and external context, in a way which indicates the particular salience of long symmetry axes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Attention; Perception; Representation; Spatial cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t40f19t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jiangxue Valentina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ning","name_suffix":"","institution":"The New School","department":""},{"first_name":"Benjamin","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"van Buren","name_suffix":"","institution":"The New School","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24487/galley/21193/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24487/galley/14084/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24487/galley/21193/download/"}]},{"pk":21596,"title":"Forming Event Units in Language and Cognition: A Cross-linguistic Investigation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans are surrounded by dynamic, continuous streams of stimuli, yet the human mind segments these stimuli and organizes them into discrete event units. Theories of language production assume that segmenting and construing an event provides a starting point for speaking about the event (Levelt, 1989; Konopka & Brown-Schmidt, 2018). However, the precise units of event representation and their mapping to language remain elusive. In this work, we examine event unit formation in linguistic and conceptual event representations. Given cross-linguistic differences in motion event encoding (satellite vs. verb-framed languages), we investigate the extent to which such differences in forming linguistic motion event units affect how speakers of different languages form cognitive event units in non-linguistic tasks. We test English (satellite-framed) and Turkish (verb-framed) speakers on verbal and non-verbal motion event tasks. Our results show that speakers do not rely on the same event unit representations when verbalizing motion vs. identifying motion event units in non-verbal tasks. Therefore, we suggest that conceptual and linguistic event representations are related but distinct levels of event structure.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Event cognition; Language and thought; Language Production; Perception; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wq230f5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah Hye-yeon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Ercenur","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ünal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Özyeğin University","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papafragou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Unversity of Pennsylvania","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21596/galley/11195/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21596/galley/21989/download/"}]},{"pk":24430,"title":"Form Perception as a Bridge to Real-World Functional Proficiency","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the limitations of standard vision assessments in capturing the real-world capabilities of individuals with low vision, we investigated the potential of the Seguin Form Board Test (SFBT), a widely-used intelligence assessment employing a visuo-haptic shape-fitting task, as an estimator of vision's practical utility. We present findings from 23 children from India, who underwent treatment for congenital bilateral dense cataracts, and 21 control participants. To assess the development of functional visual ability, we conducted the SFBT and the standard measure of visual acuity, before and longitudinally after treatment. We observed a dissociation in the development of shape-fitting and visual acuity. Improvements of patients' shape-fitting preceded enhancements in their visual acuity after surgery and emerged even with acuity worse than that of control participants. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating multi-modal and cognitive aspects into evaluations of visual proficiency in low-vision conditions, to better reflect vision's impact on daily activities.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Education; Behavioral Science; Perception; Vision; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4470w839","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shlomit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ben-Ami","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Vishakha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shukla","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Priti","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gupta","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital","department":""},{"first_name":"Pragya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shah","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Chetan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ralekar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Suma","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ganesh","name_suffix":"","institution":"Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Sharon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gilad-Gutnick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Paula","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rubio-Fernàndez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","department":""},{"first_name":"Pawan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sinha","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24430/galley/14027/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24430/galley/21194/download/"}]},{"pk":24007,"title":"Framing the Exploration-Exploitation Trade-Off: Distinguishing Between Minimizing Losses and Maximizing Gains","subtitle":null,"abstract":"To successfully minimize losses or maximize gains, individuals must acquire a profound understanding of the rules and regularities in their environment. The current project centers on the impact of the environment on exploration and exploitation behavior. Therein, we compare costly exploration in environments, in which it is only possible to win (even though the size of the gains differs), only possible to lose, and mixed environments, in which one can win and lose. Participants engaged in a Multi-Armed Bandit task in three such conditions. Notably, participants exhibited reduced exploration in the gain domain compared to the loss domain, with the mixed domain falling in between. Interestingly, participants performed best in the mixed domain. Computational modeling of participants' choice behavior revealed that individuals tended to underestimate outcomes of unchosen options in the gain domain and overestimated them in the loss domain. We discuss two explanations for this pattern of findings: Either, effects are driven by the absolute difference between gains and losses or by the relative difference that individuals experience in relatively better or worse environments compared to their expectations (e.g., compared to previous blocks).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h5905jz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ludwig","middle_name":"","last_name":"Danwitz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bremen","department":""},{"first_name":"Ann-Katrin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hosch","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bremen","department":""},{"first_name":"Bettina","middle_name":"","last_name":"von Helversen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bremen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24007/galley/13601/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24007/galley/21195/download/"}]},{"pk":24114,"title":"Frequency-dependent preference extremity arises from a noisy-channel processing model","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language often has different ways to express the same or similar meanings. Despite this, however, people seem to have preferences for some ways over others. For example, people overwhelmingly prefer bread and butter to butter and bread. Previous research has demonstrated that these ordering preferences grow stronger with frequency (i.e., frequency-dependent preference extremity). In this paper we demonstrate that this frequency-dependent preference extremity can be accounted for by noisy-channel processing models (e.g., Gibson, Bergen, & Piantadosi, 2013; Levy, 2008). We also show that this preference extremity can only be accounted for if the listener infers more noise than the speaker produces. Finally, we show that the model can account for the language-wide distribution of binomial ordering preferences.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language learning; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bj443rz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zachary","middle_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Houghton","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morgan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24114/galley/13708/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24114/galley/21197/download/"}]},{"pk":24135,"title":"Frequency-Dependent Regularization in Mandarin Elastic Word Length","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In English binomial expressions, ‚Äúbread and butter‚Äù is preferred over ‚Äúbutter and bread‚Äù. Morgan & Levy (2015) show that for these types of expressions, frequently used phrases tend to have stronger, more extreme preferences. In contrast, there is roughly an equal preference for ‚Äúbishops and rooks‚Äù versus ‚Äúrooks and bishops‚Äù, a much less common pairing. This paper extends this research to the concept of Mandarin elastic word length, a phenomenon in which most Mandarin words have long and short forms.  We find evidence for frequency-dependent regularization in the elastic length of Noun-Noun compounds in Chinese, demonstrating that frequency-dependent regularization extends to structures with more than two alternations and to languages other than English.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x6670f0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Skyler","middle_name":"Jove","last_name":"Reese","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Zoey","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""},{"first_name":"Masoud","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jasbi","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Morgan","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Davis","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24135/galley/13731/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24135/galley/21198/download/"}]},{"pk":24695,"title":"Frequency interacts with lexicality during auditory lexical decision: Insights from diffusion drift modeling","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study extends the application of Diffusion Drift Modeling (DDM) to examine the lexical access of monosyllabic Chinese real words and pseudo-words in an auditory lexical decision task. Here, the pseudo-words were constructed from phonological segments based on real words, allowing us to assess lexicality derived from suprasegmental information‚Äîspecifically, tones‚Äîand to match their frequency to that of corresponding base forms. Following Ratcliff (2004), we manipulated the drift rate to vary with log-transformed frequency and lexicality while maintaining other DDM parameters as constant. Our results revealed that pseudo-words generally led to slower drift rate compared to real words. Additionally, for real words, an increase in log-frequency was associated with higher drift rate, whereas for pseudo-words, an increase in frequency unexpectedly corresponded to lower drift rate. This differential impact of frequency on drift rate may suggest the distinct cognitive pathways activated in the processing of suprasegmental information in lexical access.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ss3813h","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yifei","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philipps University Marburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Petukhova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Philipps University Marburg","department":""},{"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Jinxin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yue","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24695/galley/21196/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24695/galley/14293/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24695/galley/18125/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24695/galley/21196/download/"}]},{"pk":21330,"title":"From Fungi to Thought: Exploring Cognition in Mushroom Foraging","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Tracing the evolutionary milestones of our species has been the focus of much exciting research. Yet, we are still unable to ‚Äòlocate' the divergence point of our cognitive evolution, which has made us so unique in the animal kingdom (Tomasello & Rakoczy, 2003). We have identified a gap in our understanding, and that is the absence of a systematic exploration into the symbiotic relationship between Homo sapiens and fungi. This highly interdisciplinary symposium aims to address this oversight, emphasizing the important ‚Äì yet underappreciated ‚Äì role of fungi in cognitive contexts and challenge traditional views of cognition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Anthropology; Education; Philosophy; Evolution; Comparative Studies"}],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f53j358","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aliki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Papa","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bergen","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bender","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Bergen","department":""},{"first_name":"Matteo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colombo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tilburg University","department":""},{"first_name":"Akiko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sawada","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kyoto University","department":""},{"first_name":"Roman","middle_name":"","last_name":"Abel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ruhr University Bochum","department":""},{"first_name":"Roope","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaaronen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Helsinki","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21330/galley/10929/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21330/galley/21775/download/"}]},{"pk":21428,"title":"From the mouths of babes: Toddlers' early word production favors information in common ground","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Toddlers can only say one or two words at a time. What do they choose to talk about? We report preliminary results (N=167; mean; 19.5 months) from a pre-registered online experiment on productive language. Toddlers saw six movies. A curtain opened on an introductory scene, the parent closed their eyes, and a new event happened. The curtain closed and the child was asked what happened. On two trials the unseen event was new to the parent (Novel event); on two trials, one of two animals ate the only food in the scene (Agent ambiguous); on two trials, the only animal ate one of the two foods (Patient ambiguous). We predicted that toddlers would selectively generate informative utterances (i.e., referring to the novel event, the agent, and the patient, respectively). Toddlers' productive language was indeed sensitive to what listeners' know; however, unlike adults, they selectively referred to information in common ground.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Behavioral Science; Development; Language development; Language Production; Pragmatics"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xd0d0hx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bradli","middle_name":"","last_name":"Washington","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Sienna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Radifera","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Melissa Kline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Struhl","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21428/galley/11027/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21428/galley/21873/download/"}]},{"pk":24131,"title":"Full-Information Optimal-Stopping Problems: Providing People with the Optimal Policy Does not Improve Performance","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In optimal-stopping problems, people encounter options sequentially with the goal of finding the best one; once it is rejected, it is no longer available. Previous research indicates that people often do not make optimal choices in these tasks. We examined whether additional information about the task's environment enhances choices, aligning people's behaviour closer to the optimal policy. Our study implemented two additional-information conditions: (1) a transparent presentation of the underlying distribution and (2) a provision of the optimal policy. Our results indicated that while choice patterns varied weakly with additional information when providing the optimal policy, it did not significantly enhance participants' performance. This finding suggests that the challenge in following the optimal strategy is not only due to its computational complexity; even with access to the optimal policy, participants often chose suboptimal options. These results align with other studies showing people's reluctance to rely on algorithmic or AI-generated advice.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Decision making; Human-computer interaction"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs782x5","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Henrik","middle_name":"","last_name":"Singmann","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCL","department":""},{"first_name":"Yunxi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiong","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCL","department":""},{"first_name":"Yue","middle_name":"","last_name":"SONG","name_suffix":"","institution":"UCL","department":""},{"first_name":"Mia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Breen","name_suffix":"","institution":"University College London","department":""},{"first_name":"Christiane","middle_name":"","last_name":"Baumann","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard Kennedy School","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24131/galley/13725/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24131/galley/21199/download/"}]},{"pk":21680,"title":"Functional Explanations Link Gender Essentialism and Normativity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Why do beliefs that gender differences are innate (i.e., gender essentialism) sometimes lead to normative judgments about how individual people ought to be? In the current study, we propose that a missing premise linking gender essentialism and normativity rests on the common folk-biological assumption that biological features serve a biological function. When participants (N = 289) learned that a novel feature of the gender category ‚Äúmothers‚Äù was common and innate, they overwhelmingly assumed that it must have served some function across human history. When they learned that it served a historical function, they assumed that it must still be beneficial in today's environment. When participants learned that the feature was beneficial, they judged that contemporary mothers ought to have it, and they were more willing to intervene to ensure that they would by constraining the choices of individual mothers. Thus, we suggest that essentialist assumptions can shape normative social judgments via the explanations people tend to generate about why certain features of natural kind categories become common to begin with. This finding articulates one manifestation of the naturalistic fallacy, with implications for policy debates about bodily autonomy and choice.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Concepts and categories; Evolution; Reasoning; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s78z492","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Foster-Hanson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Swarthmore College","department":""},{"first_name":"Tania","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lombrozo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21680/galley/11279/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21680/galley/22073/download/"}]},{"pk":21489,"title":"Functional Rule Inference from Causal Selection Explanations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Building on counterfactual theories of causal-selection, according to which humans intuitively evaluate the causal responsibility of events, we developed an experimental paradigm to examine the effect of causal-selection explanations on abductive causal inference. In our experiment, participants attempted to infer the rule responsible for winning outcomes of random draws from urns with varying sampling probabilities.\nParticipants who were provided with causal-selection judgments as explanations for the outcomes made significantly closer inferences to the rule than those relying on observations alone, or on other explanations of causal relevance.\nWe mirror these empirical results with a computational model of inference from explanation leveraging the theories of causal selection.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Case-based reasoning; Causal reasoning; Language and thought; Pragmatics; Reasoning; Semantics; Bayesian modeling; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77s6z2h0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Navarre","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Can","middle_name":"","last_name":"Konuk","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institut Jean Nicod","department":""},{"first_name":"Neil","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Bramley","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""},{"first_name":"Salvador","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mascarenhas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ecole Normale Supérieure","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21489/galley/11088/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21489/galley/21934/download/"}]},{"pk":24790,"title":"Function composition in human infants: 15-month-olds spontaneoulsy combine two newly learned functions of a tool","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The productivity of the human mind is rooted in the ability to flexibly combine concepts and computations. Developmental origins of this ability remain poorly understood. In two looking-time experiments, we investigated whether 15-month-olds (N = 48) can learn two distinct functions and compose them. We used a tool that transformed objects: it had two functions (i.e., it changed the kind of the object that went inside, or duplicated it), each triggered by a different handle. Experiment 1 showed that infants could learn both functions: at test, they looked longer when the outcome of the handle manipulation did not match the performed action than when it did. In Experiment 2, following a familiarization with individual manipulations and their outcomes, both manipulations were performed simultaneously at test. Infants displayed surprise when the outcome was inconsistent with a function composition. Infants readily learn two novel functions and spontaneously combine their outcomes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Learning"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47r5z70v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barbara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pomiechowska","name_suffix":"","institution":"Univeristy of Birmingham","department":""},{"first_name":"Erno","middle_name":"","last_name":"Teglas","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""},{"first_name":"Agnes","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kovacs","name_suffix":"","institution":"Central European University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24790/galley/21200/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24790/galley/14388/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24790/galley/18245/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24790/galley/21200/download/"}]},{"pk":24601,"title":"Future Self-Identification is Influenced by the Vividness, Similarity, and Positivity of a Future Self Construct","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Identifying strongly with a salient future self increases future-oriented behaviour. Self-report measures can detect variations in future self-identification within and between individuals on the dimensions of vividness, similarity, and positivity. We adapted the Self Association Task (SAT) to detect preconscious perceptual processing biases towards future self-related information. Participants were instructed to imagine different versions of their future selves, constructed using one of the three dimensions mentioned above. These imaginations were followed by the implicit SAT and explicit self-report measures of future self-identification. The similar and positive future self-imaginations led to increased subjective future self-identification. While a classic self-prioritisation effect was prominent throughout, similarity constructs of the future self also elicited processing biases on accuracy but not response time. As suggested by philosophical theories on self-continuity, the construct of a future self can influence future self-identification and direct future-oriented cognitions and behaviours.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Psychology; Cognition of Time; Social cognition"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9313d6p9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Feldborg","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Aberdeen","department":""},{"first_name":"Jie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sui","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Aberdeen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24601/galley/17764/download/"}]},{"pk":24273,"title":"GAIA: A Givenness Hierarchy Theoretic Model of Situated Referring Expression Generation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A key task in natural language generation (NLG) is Referring Expression Generation (REG), in which a set of properties are selected to describe a target referent. Computational cognitive models of REG typically focus on REG-in-context, where the referring expressions are designed to take into account the conversational context into which they are to be generated. However, in practice, these methods only focus on linguistic context of the text into which they are to be inserted. We argue that to develop robust models of naturalistic human referring, REG will need to move beyond linguistic context, and account for cognitive and environmental context as well. That is, we propose that a cognitivist, interactionist, and situated approach to modeling REG is needed. In this paper, we present GAIA, a Givenness Hierarchy theoretic model of REG, and demonstrate the immediate qualitative benefits of this model over the traditional REG model which it extends.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Robotics; Language Production; Situated cognition; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w7958k0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Higger","name_suffix":"","institution":"Colorado School of Mines","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Williams","name_suffix":"","institution":"Colorado School of Mines","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24273/galley/13869/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24273/galley/21202/download/"}]},{"pk":24340,"title":"Generalizability of Conformist Social Influence Beyond Direct Reference","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Conformity refers to phenomena where people match their behavior to others. Much research has focused on cases where people observe others in identical situations, saying little about its depth or generalizability. When conforming, do people revise behaviors only in that specific situation, or do they update more deeply to maintain consistent behaviors across situations? Using simulations, we first show that deep and shallow conformity leads to contrasting group dynamics; only with deep conformity can groups accumulate improvements beyond individual lifespans. We further conduct an experiment using an estimation task to examine the depths of conformity in humans. People generally extended conformist social influence to new situations without direct reference to others. However, those who simply averaged their answer with that of the direct reference showed notable failures in this generalization. Collectively, our research highlights the importance of distinguishing different depths of conformity when studying social influence and resulting group outcomes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Behavioral Science; Culture; Evolution; Group Behaviour; Social cognition; Agent-based Modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rc7j70p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ryutaro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mori","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Hidezo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Suganuma","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Tokyo","department":""},{"first_name":"Tatsuya","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kameda","name_suffix":"","institution":"Meiji Gakuin University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24340/galley/13937/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24340/galley/21203/download/"}]},{"pk":24188,"title":"Generating Distributed Randomness using Artificial Neural Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Suppose you are asked to choose randomly between left or right 100 times, would you expect the average of your choices to be roughly even or to have a bias? In the literature, human randomness falls on a spectrum from being close to unbiased to very biased in random choices. To create a model with a neural implementation of human randomness, unsupervised artificial neural networks were used to generate a random representation of binary numbers. These random representations were tested with both orthogonal and correlated stimuli as inputs and the properties of all outputs are discussed. An example of how to bias this generated randomness to model different cognitive processes is shown under two conditions, where random decisions are biased for desired outcomes and for list exhaustion (random sampling without replacement). Other possible uses for this method of generating randomness in cognitive modelling are discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mc28624","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kinsey","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Church","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":""},{"first_name":"Marija","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bolic","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":""},{"first_name":"Sylvain","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chartier","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Ottawa","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24188/galley/13784/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24188/galley/21204/download/"}]},{"pk":23996,"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence for Behavioral Intent Prediction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Theory of mind is an essential ability for complex social interaction and collaboration. Researchers in cognitive science and psychology have previously sought to integrate theory of mind capabilities into artificial intelligence (AI) agents to improve collaborative abilities (Cuzzolin, Morelli, Cirstea, & Sarahakian, 2020). We introduce the Recurrent Conditional Variational Autoencoder (RCVAE), a novel model which leverages the ability of generative models to learn rich abstracted representations of contextual behaviors to predict behavioral intent from human behavioral trajectories. Advancing on current concept learning models, this model allows for the discovery of latent intent in human behavior trajectories, while maintaining the scalability and performance of generative AI models. We show that in the Overcooked-AI environment, the RCVAE outperforms baseline Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models in predicting intent, achieving higher prediction accuracy and greater predictive stability. The implications of these results are significant; the RCVAE's proficiency in learning the relationship between basic actions and resulting contextual behaviors represents a significant advancement in concept learning for behavioral intent prediction.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Concepts and categories; Intelligent agents; Theory of Mind; Agent-based Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gs9c90f","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Willa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mannering","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ford","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab","department":""},{"first_name":"Justin","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Harsono","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Winder","name_suffix":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23996/galley/13590/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23996/galley/21205/download/"}]},{"pk":24334,"title":"Generative Semantic Transformation Process: A Case Study in Goal Prediction via Online Bayesian Language Inference","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language understanding in the real world occurs through noise ‚Äî often, lots of noise. What makes language understanding so robust? Here, we address this challenge with a\nnew approach. We cast language understanding as Bayesian inference in a generative model of how world states arise and project to utterances. We develop this model in a case study of action understanding from language input: inferring the goal of an agent in 2D grid worlds from utterances. The generative model provides a prior over agents' goals, a planner that maps these goals to actions, and a ‚Äòlanguage-renderer' that creates utterances from these actions. The generative model also incorporates GPT-2 as a noisy language production model. We invert this process with sequential Monte Carlo. In a behavioral experiment, the resulting model, called the Generative Semantic Transformation Process, explains evolving goal inferences of humans as utterances unfold.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive architectures; Language understanding; Semantics; Bayesian modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fb4f9w1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lorenss","middle_name":"","last_name":"Martinsons","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Muchovej","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ilker","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yildirim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24334/galley/13931/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24334/galley/21206/download/"}]},{"pk":24593,"title":"Generic Language as a Vehicle for Socially-Contingent Generalizations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Generalizations in thought and language are powerful tools to share information agents need to predict and control their environments. However, some generalizations are restricted to ‚Äúsociocultural bubbles‚Äù (e.g. ‚Äúwomen have trouble getting tenure in math‚Äù). How do we communicate such patterns? We examined how 4-7-year-olds (N=110) and adults (N=159) respond to context cues signaling that the speaker uses a generic generalization to convey a broad vs. contextually-restricted regularity. Adults endorsed generics flexibly, tracking context cues (p<.001), but younger children struggled, over-attributing socially contingent properties to the group beyond the ‚Äúbubble‚Äù, on par with context-general regularities. This reveals a troubling discrepancy between children and adults' interpretations of generics, opening doors for miscommunication. When adults highlight problematic patterns with the hope of promoting social change, children may perceive their assertions as claims about group's broad, unalterable attributes. We discuss strategies to mitigate this in educational and family communication settings.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Language development; Social cognition"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57h1w9dd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alejandro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Curiel","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Danisha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Watson","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Virginia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Valerio-Lambert","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Justin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Miranda","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Jocelyn","middle_name":"","last_name":"Celaya","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Sabria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hinton","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""},{"first_name":"Katherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ritchie","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine","department":""},{"first_name":"Ny","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasil","name_suffix":"","institution":"California State University East Bay","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24593/galley/17753/download/"}]},{"pk":24446,"title":"GeoGami: A Research Software for Training and Measuring Navigational Map Reading Competence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Orientation competence, the ability to determine one's location and heading direction, stands as one of the most fundamental skills. Maps are important for navigators providing spatial orientation. Researchers have investigated navigational map reading competence, wayfinding strategies, and performance in many experiments facing similar challenges to assess navigation behaviour in real and virtual environments.\nGeoGami is a free and open-source research software tailored for training and evaluating map-reading competence in navigational studies. Our software supports the assessment and training of sub-competencies of navigational map-reading through tasks tailored towards a specific sub-competency. We explain the unique design of the GeoGami, supporting diverse setups of navigational experiments while systematically assessing the performance. Our key contribution lies in demonstrating how theoretically defined navigational map-reading competencies can be implemented in GPS-enabled software and how systematically designed research software can effectively harness the diverse capabilities of digital maps and location-based systems for research and training purposes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Computer Science; Education; Spatial cognition; Computer-based experiment"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31g538q3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Angela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schwering","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Muenster","department":""},{"first_name":"Mitko","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aleksandrov","name_suffix":"","institution":"The Institute for Geoinformatics (ifgi)","department":""},{"first_name":"Yousef","middle_name":"","last_name":"Qamaz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institute for Geoinformatics","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24446/galley/14043/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24446/galley/21208/download/"}]},{"pk":24305,"title":"German demonstratives and topic questions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"German has two demonstrative series, the der (die, das) series and the dieser (diese, dieses) series. Both have been claimed to be topic shifters, taking up a non-topical antecedent and promoting it to topichood. However, der can form topical referential chains, while dieser cannot. We operationalize discourse topichood via questions and provide evidence from a corpus study and an acceptability study that while dieser is indeed sensitive to topichood and avoids topical antecedents, der is compatible with topical antecedents. We hypothesize that only dieser is a discourse topic shifter, while der marks a sentence topic.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Attention; Discourse; Language Production; Language understanding"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vd8g5rb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Timo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchholz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität zu Köln","department":""},{"first_name":"Klaus","middle_name":"","last_name":"von Heusinger","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Cologne","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24305/galley/13901/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24305/galley/21209/download/"}]},{"pk":21402,"title":"Get more from less: Differential neural decoding for effective reconstruction of perceived naturalistic stimuli from noisy and scarce neural data","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Decoding naturalistic stimuli from neural recordings is a significant challenge in systems neuroscience, primarily due to the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of stimulus-response interactions, and is further exacerbated by the limited availability and noisiness of neural data. While contemporary approaches that incorporate generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), attempt to address these issues by mapping neural responses to latent representations, they do not fully overcome these obstacles. In this work, we present a novel paradigm of differential neural decoding (dicoding) that focuses on the relative changes in response patterns, which not only expands the neural training data quadratically but also inherently denoises it. To determine the corresponding stimulus changes, this method leverages the Euclidean and feature-disentangled properties of the underlying latents through vector arithmetic. As such, we not only effectively exploit the latent space but also achieve semantically meaningful latent offsets in the context of the stimuli, resulting in improved sample efficiency. We trained a decoder to predict changes in latent vectors based on the corresponding changes in neural responses. The absolute latent vector itself was derived by vector addition of the predicted latent change (indicative of stimulus shift) to a reference latent, which was fed to the generator for the reconstruction of the perceived stimulus. Our results show that this geometrically principled approach facilitates more effective reconstruction of naturalistic stimuli from noisy and limited neural data.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Pattern recognition; Perception; Representation; Sensory Processing; Vision; Computational Modeling; Computational neuroscience; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vt4w09r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Thirza","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dado","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud University","department":""},{"first_name":"Umut","middle_name":"","last_name":"Güçlü","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21402/galley/11001/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21402/galley/21847/download/"}]},{"pk":21334,"title":"Getting Funding to do Cognitive Science and Education Research","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this session, representatives from IES, NSF, UNESCO, and ERC will discuss intellectual, sociological, and practical issues that arise in doing research in Cognitive Science, Education, and at their intersection. Some of these issues are due generally to the multidisciplinary nature of the work, but others are specific to education. The mobilization of research knowledge and human capital for translation to practice and policy remains a significant challenge that each of these agencies seeks to address. The speakers will highlight relevant initiatives and point to similarities and differences in the grant review processes between programs, providing tips for successful grant writing along the way. They will discuss where their programs are placed in relation to one another in the funding landscape and along the continuum from the most basic to the most applied research ‚Äì and the extent that such a distinction is meaningful. They will also contrast their funding emphases and the implications those emphases have for the kinds of projects that can be engaged.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"education"}],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63z1x0wt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gregg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Solomon","name_suffix":"","institution":"US National Science Foundation","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Betty","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tuller","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Science Foundation","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Soo-Siang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lim","name_suffix":"","institution":"US National Science Foundation","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Lara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Faust","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Education","department":""},{"first_name":"Sonia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Guerriero","name_suffix":"","institution":"UNESCO","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Janka","middle_name":"","last_name":"Matrai","name_suffix":"","institution":"European Research Council","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21334/galley/10933/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21334/galley/21779/download/"}]},{"pk":24620,"title":"Goal bias in using spatial language to describe changing quantities","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Numbers and space are associated in the mind, and in language. We investigate 6,400 instances of verbs indicating vertical movement (e.g., rise, fall, decline) or size-based changes (e.g., contract, grow, extend) in four corpora, showing that 60% of all uses occur in quantitative contexts (e.g., ‚Äòprices rose'). For concrete spatial language, it has been found that movement goals are more likely encoded than sources (e.g., Lakusta & Landau 2005, Stefanowitsch, 2018). We demonstrate that this asymmetry carries over to spatial-numerical language, which more often encodes goals (e.g., ‚Äòrevenue went up to 48 million') than sources (e.g., ‚Äòshare prices rose from $7.13'). In line with their path-related meaning, vertical verbs showed a much higher propensity to encode endpoints (20%) than size-based verbs (10%), a large effect (Cohen's d = 2.0). These results show that the goal bias attested for spatial language carries over to abstract conceptual domains.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Event cognition; Language and thought; Semantics; Spatial cognition; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01z48019","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vinicius","middle_name":"","last_name":"Macuch Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Birmingham","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexandra","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lorson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen","department":""},{"first_name":"Greg","middle_name":"","last_name":"Woodin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Birmingham","department":""},{"first_name":"Bodo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Winter","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Birmingham","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24620/galley/21210/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24620/galley/14217/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24620/galley/17984/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24620/galley/21210/download/"}]},{"pk":24312,"title":"Goal-directed Allocation of Gaze Reflects Situated Action Control in Dynamic Tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"How humans engage in goal-directed behavior within dynamic environments is still not completely understood. Pursuing goals in an environment that is characterized by constant unpredictable changes might be possible through the interaction of multiple layers of action control. A cognitive layer exerts situational control by selecting action intentions, while a motor control layer is responsible for execution. The motor layer informs the cognitive level, about disturbances during execution of these action intentions. We present an experimental dynamic environment, combining motor control manipulation and eye-tracking to investigate visuomotor grounding of cognitive processes. Our results indicate that inefficient motor control prompts strategic shifts in eye- movement behavior, with fixations closer to a reference point under moderate motor noise and further away under increased noise. We further find fixational and smooth pursuit eye movements that can be directly mapped to pursued action intentions. These findings shed light on the changes in action selection caused by noise in the motor system and can be used in a next step to investigate moment-to-moment changes in the pursuit of action intentions under inefficient motor control.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Action; Embodied Cognition; Situated cognition; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xb381cm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nils","middle_name":"Wendel","last_name":"Heinrich","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität zu Lübeck","department":""},{"first_name":"Annika","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ōsterdiekhoff","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bielefeld University","department":""},{"first_name":"Stefan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kopp","name_suffix":"","institution":"Bielefeld University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nele","middle_name":"","last_name":"Russwinkel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität zu Lübeck","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24312/galley/13908/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24312/galley/21211/download/"}]},{"pk":24328,"title":"Good-Enough' Processing by Heritage Speakers: A Case of Korean Suffixal Passive and Morphological Causative Constructions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates how heritage speakers conduct ‚Äògood-enough' processing at the interface of home-language proficiency, cognitive skills, and task types. For this purpose, we employ two word-order patterns of two clausal constructions in Korean (suffixal passive; morphological causative) which differ in the mapping between thematic roles and case-marking and the interpretive procedures driven by verbal morphology. We find that, while Korean heritage speakers demonstrate the same kind of acceptability-rating behaviour as monolingual Korean speakers do, their reading-time patterns are notably modulated by construction-specific properties, cognitive skills, and proficiency. This suggests a heritage speaker's ability and willingness to conduct both parsing routes, induced by linguistic cues in a non-dominant language, which are proportional to the computational complexity involving these cues.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language learning; Morphology; Syntax"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09c5w6b3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gyu-Ho","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Unversity of Illinois at Chicago","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24328/galley/13925/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24328/galley/21757/download/"}]},{"pk":24142,"title":"GPT-ology, Computational Models, Silicon Sampling: How should we think about LLMs in Cognitive Science?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Large Language Models have taken the cognitive science world by storm. It is perhaps timely now to take stock of the various research paradigms that have been used to make scientific inferences about \"cognition\" in these models or about human cognition. We review several emerging research paradigms---GPT-ology, LLMs-as-computational-models, and \"silicon sampling\"---and review recent papers that have used LLMs under these paradigms. In doing so, we discuss their claims as well as challenges to scientific inference under these various paradigms. We highlight several outstanding issues about LLMs that have to be addressed to push our science forward: closed-source vs open-sourced models; (the lack of visibility of) training data; and reproducibility in LLM research, including forming conventions on new task \"hyperparameters\" like instructions and prompts.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Learning; Machine learning; Large Language Models"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gr1t1js","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Desmond","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ong","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Austin","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24142/galley/13738/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24142/galley/21212/download/"}]},{"pk":24343,"title":"Grammaticality illusions in Czech: A speeded acceptability study of agreement attraction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Agreement attraction has been extensively studied in both the production and comprehension of language. In comprehension, it has been found that ungrammatical sentences such as '*The key to the cabinets were rusty' are often judged as acceptable due to the word 'cabinets' that matches the verb in number, but not when the attractor is singular ('cabinet'). This illusion of grammaticality has been documented in many of the world's languages. We report a speeded acceptability judgement experiment that tested the presence of this illusion in Czech. We find that Czech comprehenders notice the ungrammatical agreement pattern reliably, and that their acceptability judgements are affected by the number-match of the attractor. This number agreement attraction effect is however minuscule when compared to what has been reported in the literature on English. We show this in a comparative analysis of our data with those from Wagers et al. (2009).","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Philosophy; Language understanding; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86945505","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Radim","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lacina","name_suffix":"","institution":"Osnabrück University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jakub","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dotlaƒçil","name_suffix":"","institution":"Utrecht University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24343/galley/13940/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24343/galley/21213/download/"}]},{"pk":24168,"title":"Greta is a female director: When gender stereotypes interact with informativity expectations","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Our world knowledge is deeply embedded in language. The word ‚Äúbanana‚Äù immediately brings to mind the color ‚Äúyellow‚Äù. Oftentimes, however, when we read about ‚Äúbanana‚Äù, we do not expect the color ‚Äúyellow‚Äù to be explicitly mentioned as in ‚Äúyellow banana‚Äù. Frequent omission of obvious information given our world knowledge is predicted by so-called informativity expectations, which capture our preferences for newsworthy and informative utterances. Here we present two studies investigating informativity expectations in a socially situated context of gender stereotypicality and testing whether expressions like ‚Äúfemale nurses‚Äù are less preferred than expressions like ‚Äúfemale directors‚Äù. While the results show a clear impact of informativity expectations, effects of gender stereotypes turn out to be difficult to overcome.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Language Production; Language understanding; Predictive Processing; Social cognition; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49d0685w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hailin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hao","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""},{"first_name":"Muxuan","middle_name":"","last_name":"He","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""},{"first_name":"Zuzanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fuchs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24168/galley/13764/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24168/galley/21214/download/"}]},{"pk":24440,"title":"Grey and white matter metrics demonstrate distinct and complementary prediction of differences in cognitive performance in children:  Findings from ABCD (N= 11 876)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Individual differences in cognitive performance in childhood are a key predictor of significant life outcomes such as educational attainment and mental health. Differences in cognitive ability are governed in part by variations in brain structure. However, studies commonly focus on either grey or white matter metrics in humans, leaving open the key question as to whether grey or white matter microstructure play distinct or complementary roles supporting cognitive performance. To compare the role of grey and white matter in supporting cognitive performance, we used regularized structural equation models to predict cognitive performance with grey and white matter measures. Specifically, we compared how grey matter (volume, cortical thickness and surface area) and white matter measures (volume, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) predicted individual differences in cognitive performance. The models were tested in 11,876 children (ABCD Study, 5680 female; 6196 male) at 10 years old. We found that grey and white matter metrics bring partly non-overlapping information to predict cognitive performance. The models with only grey or white matter explained respectively 15.4% and 12.4% of the variance in cognitive performance, while the combined model explained 19.0%. Zooming in we additionally found that different metrics within grey and white matter had different predictive power, and that the tracts/regions that were most predictive of cognitive performance differed across metric. These results show that studies focusing on a single metric in either grey or white matter to study the link between brain structure and cognitive performance are missing a key part of the equation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Cognitive development; Big data; fMRI; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83r0v53x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Michel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour","department":""},{"first_name":"Ethan","middle_name":"","last_name":"McCormick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Leiden Unviersity","department":""},{"first_name":"Rogier","middle_name":"A","last_name":"Kievit","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24440/galley/14037/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24440/galley/21215/download/"}]},{"pk":24429,"title":"Grounding Language about Belief in a Bayesian Theory-of-Mind","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that beliefs are mental states that cannot be directly observed, humans talk about each others' beliefs on a regular basis, often using rich compositional language to describe what others think and know. What explains this capacity to interpret the hidden epistemic content of other minds? In this paper, we take a step towards an answer by grounding the semantics of belief statements in a Bayesian theory-of-mind: By modeling how humans jointly infer coherent sets of goals, beliefs, and plans that explain an agent's actions, then evaluating statements about the agent's beliefs against these inferences via epistemic logic, our framework provides a functional role semantics for belief, explaining the gradedness and compositionality of human belief attributions, as well as their intimate connection with goals and plans. We evaluate this framework by studying how humans attribute goals and evaluate belief sentences while watching an agent solve a doors-and-keys gridworld puzzle that requires instrumental reasoning about hidden objects. In contrast to pure logical deduction, non-mentalizing baselines, and mentalizing that ignores the role of instrumental plans, our model provides a much better fit to human goal and belief attributions, demonstrating the importance of theory-of-mind for modeling how humans understand language about beliefs.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Language and thought; Language understanding; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tk4d5jw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Lance","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ying","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhi-Xuan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Lionel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Vikash","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mansinghka","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Josh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tenenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24429/galley/14026/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24429/galley/21216/download/"}]},{"pk":24221,"title":"Group problem solving: Diversity versus diffusion","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Several recent contributions to the research on group problem solving suggest that reducing the connectivity between agents in a social network may be epistemically beneficial. This notion stems from the idea that collective problem-solving behavior may benefit from the transient diversity in agents' beliefs due to increased individual exploration and decreased social influence. At the same time, however, lower connectivity hinders the diffusion of good solutions between network members. Our simulation findings shed light on this trade-off. We identify conditions under which the less-is-more effect is likely to manifest. Our findings suggest that a community consisting of semi-isolated groups could provide an answer to the tension between diversity and diffusion.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Sociology; Complex systems; Concepts and categories; Problem Solving; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zq5j37r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jonard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Luxembourg","department":""},{"first_name":"Samuli","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reijula","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Helsinki","department":""},{"first_name":"Luigi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Marengo","name_suffix":"","institution":"LUISS","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24221/galley/13817/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24221/galley/21217/download/"}]},{"pk":24831,"title":"Guest Editor’s Note","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Editor’s Note","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vf1404p","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pascucci","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/24831/galley/14425/download/"}]},{"pk":21567,"title":"Guinea baboons (Papio papio) show an agent preference in chasing interactions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Languages tend to describe who is doing what to whom by placing subjects before objects. This bias for agents is reflected in event cognition: agents capture more attention than patients in human adults and infants. We investigated whether this agent preference is unique to humans. We presented Guinea baboons (Papio papio, N = 13) with a change detection paradigm with chasing animations. The baboons had to respond to a colour change which was applied to either the chaser/agent or the chasee/patient. They were faster to detect a change to the chaser than to the chasee, which cannot be explained by low-level features in our stimuli. Our study suggests that baboons show an agent preference similar to human infants and adults. This may be an evolutionarily old mechanism that is shared between humans and other primates, which could have become externalised in language as a tendency to place the subject first.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Other; Psychology; Animal cognition; Attention; Event cognition; Language and thought; Representation; Comparative Studies"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75n3n3g0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Floor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Meewis","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS / Aix-Marseille University","department":""},{"first_name":"Joel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fagot","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS / Aix-Marseille University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nicolas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Claidiere","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS / Aix-Marseille University","department":""},{"first_name":"Isabelle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dautriche","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS / Aix-Marseille University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21567/galley/11166/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21567/galley/14643/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21567/galley/21218/download/"}]},{"pk":21678,"title":"Harmonizing Program Induction with Rate-Distortion Theory","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Many aspects of human learning have been proposed as a process of constructing mental programs: from acquiring symbolic number representations to intuitive theories about the world. In parallel, there is a long-tradition of using information processing to model human cognition through Rate Distortion Theory (RDT). Yet, it is still poorly understood how to apply RDT when mental representations take the form of programs. In this work, we adapt RDT by proposing a three way trade-off among rate (description length), distortion (error), and computational costs (search budget). We use simulations on a melody task to study the implications of this trade-off, and show that constructing a shared program library across tasks provides global benefits. However, this comes at the cost of sensitivity to curricula, which is also characteristic of human learners. Finally, we use methods from partial information decomposition to generate training curricula that induce more effective libraries and better generalization.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Learning; Memory; Music; Representation; Semantic memory; Skill acquisition and learning; Bayesian modeling; Logic; Symbolic computational modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86f0j2sp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Hanqi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhou","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tübingen","department":""},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"G.","last_name":"Nagy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tübingen","department":""},{"first_name":"Charley","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tübingen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21678/galley/11277/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21678/galley/22071/download/"}]},{"pk":24040,"title":"Heart talk: Emotional inner speech increases heart rate","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether emotional inner speech influences heart rate. Participants were asked to engage in 3-minute sessions of: positive inner speech, negative inner speech, or inner counting while their heart rate was monitored. Participants were lying on a bed and asked to remain still. Motion tracking was applied to control for body movement. Median heart rate across each inner speech session was analyzed and a significant difference was found between emotional inner speech and inner counting. No difference between positive and negative inner speech was observed. Post-hoc analyses investigated the relationship between movement and heart rate and found an effect with a peak lag of approximately 14 seconds. Removing these effects did not change the effect of emotional inner speech. Additional analyses showed that heart rate and respiration rate were linked. Including respiration rate as a covariate did not alter the effect of emotion.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Emotion; Language and thought; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fw2x90m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mikkel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wallentin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Line","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kruse","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Anja","middle_name":"Feibel","last_name":"Meerwald","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"David Trøst","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fjendbo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Johanne","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nedergaard","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Copenhagen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24040/galley/13634/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24040/galley/21219/download/"}]},{"pk":21698,"title":"HeCz: A large scale self-paced reading corpus of newspaper headlines","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Linguistic corpora have been a vital resource for understanding not only how we use language, but also how we process words and sentences. In order to better understand language processing, researchers have recently been creating corpora that integrate both traditional text annotations as well as behavioural measurements collected from human participants. In this paper we introduce the HeCz Corpus, which to our knowledge is the largest such example of a behavioural corpus, containing 1,919 newspaper headlines taken from a Czech language news website. The sample consisted of 1,872 participants, each reading approximately 120 headlines. Each headline was read using a self-paced reading, meaning that every word in the corpus can be analyzed for reading time. After reading each headline, each participant answered a question relating to a specific information contained within the headline, providing a measurement of comprehension. To facilitate better understanding of participant level variation in how the headlines are processed, we collected data on the participant's mood state immediately prior to their participation, along with other basic demographic information. We also collected data from a subset of participants who read the stimuli in the initial testing round, but also completed the same experiment in a second round after a one-month gap, which can provide new insights into how texts are processed and understood when being re-read. In order to highlight the practical uses of the corpus, our analyses focus on how reading times are modulated by i) headline length in words, ii) trial order, and iii) testing round, in addition to examining the role of targeted information location in comprehension accuracy. HeCz thus provides a unique and novel resource that can be used by psycholinguists and cognitive scientists more generally, in order to gain new insights into how real-world language is processed and understood.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Corpus studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mt2k9cn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chromý","name_suffix":"","institution":"Faculty of Arts, Charles University","department":""},{"first_name":"Markéta","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cehàkovà","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles University","department":""},{"first_name":"James","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brand","name_suffix":"","institution":"Charles University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21698/galley/11297/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21698/galley/22091/download/"}]},{"pk":21331,"title":"Higher cognition in large language models","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT-4 (OpenAI et al., 2023), or Google's PaLM (Chowdhery et al., 2022) generate text responses to user-generated text prompts.  In contrast to work that evaluates  the extent to which model-generated text coheres with linguistic rules (i.e., formal competence) (Chomsky et al., 2023; Piantadosi, 2023), the present symposium discusses the  work of cognitive scientists aimed at assessing the extent and manner in which LLMs show effective understanding, reasoning and decision making, capacities associated with human higher cognition (i.e., functional competence) (Binz & Schulz, 2023; Mahowald et al., 2023; Webb et al., 2023). Given both their expertise and their interest in clarifying the nature of human thinking, cognitive scientists are in a unique position both to carefully evaluate LLMs' capacity for thought (Bhatia, 2023; Han et al., 2024; Mitchell, 2023) and to benefit from them as methodological and theoretical tools. This symposium will thus be of interest not only to cognitive scientists concerned with machine intelligence, but also to those looking to incorporate advances in artificial intelligence with their study of human intelligence.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Natural Language Processing; Reasoning; Large Language Models"}],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d81x7j8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ichien","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Sudeep","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bhatia","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ivanova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Taylor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Webb","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marcel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Binz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Helmholtz Computational Health Center","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21331/galley/10930/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21331/galley/21776/download/"}]},{"pk":24390,"title":"Holier-Than-Thou: Can Contextual Information About Minimal Groups Modulate the Robust Ingroup Bias Effect?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary accounts suggest that individuals readily categorize other individuals into an ingroup and an outgroup, and consequently display a strong preference for positive behaviors towards the members of the ingroup relative to the outgroup. In the current study, we tested whether the robust ingroup bias could be modulated at the perceptual level based upon differential contextual information about group characteristics and group relations. Across the four experiments, participants performed a social associative matching task within the minimal group framework. We found that while the ingroup bias is certainly robust, it gets attenuated if the outgroup is portrayed positively and also when the ingroup is depicted negatively. This may have consequences for researchers studying intergroup conflict and consequent policy-making.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Concepts and categories; Group Behaviour; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment; Psychophysics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x2145pj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"ABHISHEK","middle_name":"","last_name":"BABA","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Ark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Verma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24390/galley/13987/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24390/galley/21220/download/"}]},{"pk":24959,"title":"How are categories of intransitive verbs formed? The interaction between meaning and grammar based on evidence from children's acquisition","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the domain of Linguistics, the categories of intransitive verbs, namely the unaccusativity, is a long-debated topic. Unaccusativity suggests that intransitive verbs can be divided into unergative and unaccusative verbs, based on their subjects' similarity to the subjects of transitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs. Previous research has discussed how the meaning of verbs can decide the unaccusativity of intransitive verbs, but the meanings of verbs alone still cannot predict the unaccusativity of intransitive verbs cross-linguistically. Moreover, while the sentential environment can have an impact on the categories of intransitive verbs, previous studies did not investigate how the environment plays a role in the categories. This paper examines this issue from child language acquisition. I select a few sentential environments in the children's corpus of Mandarin and conduct a qualitative analysis that suggests that these sentence environments indeed possess the properties of either category. In a child acquisition experiment, I show that when the category of verbal meanings and sentential environments align, the categorization of verbs is the most obvious and efficient. I introduce the concept of ‚Äòcompatibility' to describe this relationship between verb meaning and the sentential environment. These results suggest that speakers can infer the unaccusativity of verbs from a variety of sentence environments in language that may not be directly linked to the concept of unaccusativity, and the concept of ‚Äòcompatibility' in language environment is a crucial factor in the categories/categorization of unaccusativity.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xp0x9sp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kaiying","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Hawai'i","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24959/galley/14579/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24959/galley/21221/download/"}]},{"pk":24393,"title":"How beliefs around peers' risk preferences get incorporated into adolescents' decision making","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Underlying various routes to peer influence on risky choices is the assumption that individuals have beliefs around their peer's preferences which are incorporated in their choices. However, much is unknown about the accuracy of these beliefs and how they weigh in individuals' considerations. We tested these implicit assumptions by actually collecting real-life peers' preference to contrast with people's prediction, and quantifying what changes when individuals were asked to take the peer's perspective as the decision-maker instead of themselves. Since perspective taking develops through late adolescence, adolescence makes an especially dynamic window for observation. With a sample of typically developing friend dyads (N=128, 12.0-22.8 years), we collected fully mutual data on decision preferences in an economic risky decision making task with safe (certain) and risky (more variable outcomes) options that vary in their expected values. Upon establishing individuals' baseline risk preferences and their prediction of their peers' risk preferences, they took their own and their peers' perspective in choices where their unchosen option was assigned to the peer. We modified an economic expected utility model to include a new parameter representing the adjudication between one's own and friend's outcome, and analyzed age-related changes with Generalized Additive Models. We found although peer's risk preferences were overestimated in decisions on average, participants aged 16-22 years weighed friend outcome more and earned less when taking their friend's perspective compared to their own, indicating this is a heightened period for prosocial considerations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Cognitive development; Decision making; Social cognition; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c42379z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yelina Yiyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Gail","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Rosenbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Haoxue","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tianxiang","middle_name":"","last_name":"Li","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Flournoy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mair","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""},{"first_name":"Leah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Somerville","name_suffix":"","institution":"Harvard University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24393/galley/13990/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24393/galley/21222/download/"}]},{"pk":24138,"title":"How can they both be right?: Faultless disagreement and semantic adaptation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Disagreements are speech acts used by interlocutors to challenge previous assertions. When disagreements express subjective views, they can often be perceived as faultless. However, it is unclear whether accepting a disagreement as faultless causes comprehenders to update their own semantic representations of the predicate targeted by the disagreement. Using the vague quantifiers \\textit{many} and \\textit{few} as a case study, we find in two adaptation studies that participants shifted their meaning representations of the quantifiers after being exposed to disagreements that on average were more likely to be perceived as faultless. The adaptation strengthened the participants' baseline preferences, suggesting that even when a disagreement is judged to be faultless, there exists a perceived asymmetry in the plausibility of the two viewpoints under discussion.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Discourse; Language understanding; Pragmatics; Semantics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8453b96x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pecsok","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""},{"first_name":"Helena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Aparicio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24138/galley/13734/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24138/galley/21223/download/"}]},{"pk":24700,"title":"How can we increase the use of interleaved study in self-regulated learning?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Learners are often unaware of effective learning strategies, hindering their actual utilization. We investigated intervention methods to increase the utilization of effective learning strategies in self-regulated learning settings, specifically focusing on the interleaving strategy in category learning. Undergraduate students were either informed or not about effective learning methods and studied painting styles of various artists in a self-paced order. In Experiment 1, participants who received instructions about specific goals and critical skills required for category learning at the beginning were more likely to recognize the importance of identifying between-artists differences, but did not necessarily increase interleaving during their study. In Experiment 2, however, participants provided with procedural and conditional metacognitive knowledge (i.e., why interleaving is effective and how to interleave exemplars) in the middle of their study significantly increased interleaved practices. Our findings suggest that enhancing metacognitive knowledge can help encourage the use of effective learning strategies in self-regulated learning.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Concepts and categories; Instruction and teaching; Learning"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zb2q0kg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yundeok","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yonsei University","department":""},{"first_name":"Hee Seung","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yonsei University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24700/galley/21224/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24700/galley/14298/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24700/galley/18135/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24700/galley/21224/download/"}]},{"pk":24242,"title":"How do brain maps affect neuroscientific investigation? A study with novices","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study explores how scientific conceptualizations, such as partitioning of the brain into distinct regions, shape investigation. One hundred fifty-six undergraduate psychology students (novices) completed a science learning task in which they explored the behavioral functions of a fictional brain segment by conducting simplified neuroimaging and lesioning experiments on it. We investigated how the partitioning of the segment into regions influenced participants' experimental choices and learning outcomes by randomly seeding the brain regions for each participant. The participants exhibited  conceptual influences on their experimentation: they preferred to explore the boundaries and prototypical--or \"skeletal\"--locations of the delineated regions. These conceptual biases significantly shaped learning outcomes; for example, participants were more successful at identifying signals near region boundaries. Additionally, participants demonstrated conceptual expectations that led them to associate a discovered signal with locations within one region rather than locations that straddled region boundaries. This research contributes to our understanding of how the scientific concepts affect scientific investigation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Philosophy; Concepts and categories; Reasoning"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x2404wg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Marina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dubova","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University Bloomington","department":""},{"first_name":"Robert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Goldstone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indiana University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24242/galley/13838/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24242/galley/21225/download/"}]},{"pk":21407,"title":"How does assembling an object affect memory for it?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"What impacts what we remember about objects we have just encountered? InÔ¨Çuential theories of learning suggest that more active engagement leads to stronger memories than passive observation. However, it is not clear which aspects of interaction lead to stronger memories, nor what kinds of memories are supported by active engagement. Here we conduct several experiments to investigate the impact of assembling an object on subsequent recognition and recall performance. We found that reconstructing a block tower by copying it part-by-part could impair subsequent memory for that tower, compared to passively viewing that tower. By contrast, when participants initially encoded each tower by building it from working memory, their subsequent recall was enhanced relative to when they held the tower in working memory without building it. Together our results suggest a complex relationship between the nature of our interactions with objects and our subsequent memories of them.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Action; Memory; Skill acquisition and learning; Spatial cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71h690dm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"William","middle_name":"P","last_name":"McCarthy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Diego","department":""},{"first_name":"Sean","middle_name":"P","last_name":"Anderson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""},{"first_name":"Judith","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Fan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21407/galley/11006/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21407/galley/21852/download/"}]},{"pk":21655,"title":"How does comparing (dis)similar objects affect young children's creative idea generation? Exploring the role of diversity in facilitating creativity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This research tested and confirmed a novel hypothesis that similarity sets the ground for diversities to emerge, which then give rise to creativity. Adopting an experimental design, we recruited 66 typically-developing Chinese children (M = 6.04 years, SD = .28). First, in a Comparison task, these children were randomly assigned to name differences between two objects that were either highly similar (high-similarity condition) or dissimilar (low-similarity condition). Next, all children completed a divergent thinking task and received scores on fluency, originality, and usefulness. Results of t-tests showed that children of high-similarity condition  reported both more surface (pertaining to perceptual features) and deep (pertaining to structural features) alignable differences and have on average a higher originality score, compared to children of low-similarity condition. Mediation analysis results further showed that the number of deep alignable differences mediated the effect of condition on children's originality scores. This confirmed our expectation that the high similarity between objects facilitated children to generate more deep alignable differences, which subsequently facilitated children to generate more original ideas.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Analogy; Creativity; Statistics; Verbal protocol studies"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9f2046jp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chanhee","middle_name":"","last_name":"Koo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""},{"first_name":"Honghong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bai","name_suffix":"","institution":"Radboud University","department":""},{"first_name":"Aoxin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Luo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""},{"first_name":"Stella","middle_name":"","last_name":"Christie","name_suffix":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21655/galley/11254/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21655/galley/14563/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21655/galley/22025/download/"}]},{"pk":24688,"title":"How does culture affect immersion during narrative reading?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Proficient speakers of a second language (L2) show similar processing of affective content as native speakers, but reduced magnitude, later latency, and a less differentiated emotional neural response (e.g., Hsu et al., 2015). Because language and culture are intertwined, this study examined whether cultural relevance of short stories affects immersion during reading, independent of language proficiency. Hong Kong (HK) and Mainland Chinese (MLC) readers were exposed to identical short stories featuring events and traditions related to either culture. Their level of attention, transportation and emotional engagement after each story was measured using the Story World Absorption Scale (Kuijpers et al., 2014). Preliminary results show that HK participants were significantly more immersed in HK cultural stories than in MLC stories, especially when they described modern events. Instead, MLC participants showed no difference in immersion. The results will be discussed considering historical common origins and modern stark distinction between the two cultures.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Aesthetics; Culture; Discourse; Emotion; Language understanding; Reading; Computer-based experiment; Cross-cultural analysis; Statistics"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9882q5t2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ms. Tsz Chin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""},{"first_name":"Francesca","middle_name":"M M","last_name":"Citron","name_suffix":"","institution":"Lancaster University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24688/galley/21226/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24688/galley/14286/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24688/galley/18113/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24688/galley/21226/download/"}]},{"pk":24694,"title":"How does dependency type mediate gender agreement in Russian?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Natural languages often exhibit agreement, where two words must be matched for certain features. It's well known that people use knowledge about agreement to drive expectations during online processing. What is less well known is how the type of dependency mediates this expectation and thus the processing difficulty of a gender-mismatched word. To test this, we collect incremental processing data on three types of gender agreement mismatches in Russian: (i) past-tense verbs and subjects, (ii) attributive adjectives and nouns, (iii) predicate adjectives and nouns. We collect two types of incremental processing data: eye-tracking and Mouse-Tracking-for-Reading (MoTR), in which a participant reveals and reads text by moving their mouse, whose position is recorded. We find that while participants are surprised by ungrammatical conditions, this is mediated both by the type of agreement as well as the gender of the agreeing noun.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Language understanding; Reading; Syntax; Eye tracking"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q688540","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ding","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Ethan","middle_name":"Gotlieb","last_name":"Wilcox","name_suffix":"","institution":"ETH Zurich","department":""},{"first_name":"Metehan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oguz","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""},{"first_name":"Zuzanna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fuchs","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Southern California","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24694/galley/21227/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24694/galley/14292/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24694/galley/18123/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24694/galley/21227/download/"}]},{"pk":24127,"title":"How does grammatical category influence conceptual categorization: The case of Chinese classifiers","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Classifiers play a fundamental role in shaping how objects are categorized in Mandarin Chinese. We conducted object naming experiments with different types of classifiers as prompts and analyzed the distribution of names via the taxonomic device, by which nouns are divided into three levels according to the level of specificity, i.e., basic (e.g. apple), superordinate (e.g. fruit) and subordinate (e.g. golden apple) levels. We observe that different classifiers induce distinct distributions of names across the three levels. Under the general classifier condition, participants use more general terms for home furnishing objects (e.g., ‚Äòfurniture') but not for animals, whereas the specific classifier condition consistently reveals a preference for basic level names (e.g., ‚Äòtable'), which are less general and represent the most inclusive category at which objects share common features and can be easily recognized. These findings contribute to our understanding of language production in Mandarin Chinese and highlight the importance of considering grammatical factors when examining referential expression choices.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Concepts and categories; Language Production; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94x3x389","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jialing","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","department":""},{"first_name":"Xixian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Liao","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24127/galley/13721/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24127/galley/21228/download/"}]},{"pk":24677,"title":"How Does Information Sampling Affect Moral Judgments?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Social identity and situational information guide how people morally judge others. A journalist is judged differently than a doctor if they expose private information, which may also depend on whether the reason was to prevent a public health crisis vs. for monetary gain. What is less known, is how people decide how much and what type of information (identity vs. situation) is more relevant for them to make a moral judgment. To investigate this, participants received limited information about a case with a potential moral violation. Then, they could get new pieces of information about the case (varying in importance as normed in our pre-study) incrementally, or stop collecting information and instead judge the violation. This study elucidates how people accumulate and use evidence to judge others. Our findings can reveal underlying biases in decision-making and be used to inform legal and criminal proceedings, news coverage strategies, and others.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Decision making; Other; Reasoning; Social cognition"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j956rd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deborah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cesarini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jade","middle_name":"","last_name":"Terry","name_suffix":"","institution":"Duke University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24677/galley/21229/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24677/galley/14275/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24677/galley/18090/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24677/galley/21229/download/"}]},{"pk":21526,"title":"How does social learning affect stable false beliefs?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Learning traps are false beliefs that entrench themselves by discouraging the exploration required to correct them. In previous lab experiments, these learning traps have proven remarkably difficult to prevent. Here, we investigate whether learning traps remain stable in contexts in which both individual and social learning are possible. In two of our three experiments, we found that learners trapped by a false belief were significantly more likely to escape a learning trap when they were able to observe another decision-maker's choices (without observing their outcomes). However, social learning was not a panacea. Social learning was constrained by the challenge of inferring others' beliefs, and trapped learners struggled to learn from partners with sub-optimal decision rules, even when their partner's choices were informative. Collectively, these results suggest that while social learning can help overcome the limits of individual learning, learning from others comes with its own challenges and limitations.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Learning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sw1d8m1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rheza","middle_name":"","last_name":"Budiono","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hartley","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""},{"first_name":"Todd","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Gureckis","name_suffix":"","institution":"New York University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21526/galley/11125/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21526/galley/14602/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21526/galley/21230/download/"}]},{"pk":21333,"title":"How does the sensory-motor brain integrate and give rise to cognition and learning?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The brain evolved as a sensory-motor machine that drives behavior while being linked to the world through sensors. Human cognition abstracts from these sensory-motor roots but retains intimate ties. The brain's structure reflects this history.  How do neural processes at different distances from the sensory and motor surfaces integrate to achieve meaningful and grounded cognition? This is a challenge given the time-continuous and graded nature of sensory-motor processing, which enables continuous online updating. It is also a major challenge to understanding development and autonomous learning, in which the coupling across functional boundaries evolves under the influence of online activation patterns.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Language learning; Language understanding; Speech recognition; Dynamic Systems Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Symposia","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5517541w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gregor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schöner","name_suffix":"","institution":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum","department":""},{"first_name":"Iliyana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Trifonova","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of East Anglia","department":""},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"","last_name":"Spencer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of East Anglia","department":""},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Piñango","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"A.","last_name":"Shaw","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Stern","name_suffix":"","institution":"Yale University","department":""},{"first_name":"Aaron","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buss","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tennessee","department":""},{"first_name":"Larissa","middle_name":"K","last_name":"Samuelson","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of East Anglia","department":""},{"first_name":"Jelmer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Borst","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Groningen","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21333/galley/10932/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21333/galley/21778/download/"}]},{"pk":24767,"title":"How does working memory predict errors in Human-AI Interaction?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Interlingual Respeaking (IR) is a new technique that enables real-time subtitling in a different language. This cognitively demanding technique involves collaboration between a language professional and automatic speech recognition software (ASR), creating a human-AI interaction (HAII) environment. Integrating technological tools with an individual's internal cognitive resources establishes an extended cognitive system. However, different types of errors are observed in terms of output accuracy. Our ESRC-funded research found that working memory (WM) (backward span) has a negative relationship with omissions, where content is dropped out (e.g., to save time). Nevertheless, additions, where the human adds content (e.g., to clarify meaning) and correctness, where form-related issues arise (such as grammar mistakes), had an inverse relationship with the N-back Task (the simultaneous maintenance, updating, and processing of WM). These findings suggest that the IR errors involve diverse types of WM resources.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Distributed cognition; Human-computer interaction; Memory"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q53m3r7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anna-Stiina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wallinheimo","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Surrey","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr Simon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Evans","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Surrey","department":""},{"first_name":"Elena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Davitti","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Surrey","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24767/galley/21231/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24767/galley/14365/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24767/galley/18222/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24767/galley/21231/download/"}]},{"pk":24635,"title":"How Language Use Reflects Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Spanish","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Cognitively reappraising a stressful situation‚Äîreinterpreting it to lessen its emotional impact‚Äîis effective for regulating negative emotions. When reappraising, English speakers engage in linguistic distancing, spontaneously using words that are more abstract or impersonal. Previous work showed that this pattern generalizes to Spanish but was equivocal as to whether Spanish-specific markers of psychological distance (e.g., ‚Äúestar‚Äù‚Äî‚Äúto be‚Äù for temporary states) are signatures of successful emotion regulation for Spanish speakers. Here we revisited this possibility. Spanish-English bilinguals in majority Spanish-speaking countries (N = 138) transcribed their thoughts in each of their languages while responding naturally to negative images or reappraising them. Reappraisal increased the use of distance markers common to both languages as well as the use of ‚Äúestar,‚Äù which was associated with reduced negative affect when reappraising. Our findings suggest that people distance their language in both cross-linguistically shared and language-specific ways when regulating their emotions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Psychology; Emotion; Language and thought; Cross-linguistic analysis"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78j9b7kc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Holmes","name_suffix":"","institution":"Reed College","department":""},{"first_name":"Lena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kassin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Reed College","department":""},{"first_name":"Daniela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchillon-Almeida","name_suffix":"","institution":"Reed College","department":""},{"first_name":"Enriqueta","middle_name":"","last_name":"Canseco-Gonzalez","name_suffix":"","institution":"Reed College","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24635/galley/21232/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24635/galley/14232/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24635/galley/18012/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24635/galley/21232/download/"}]},{"pk":24379,"title":"How pupil tracks cognitive processes underlying internally- and externally-directed attention tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Pupil dilation has been associated with increased cognitive load or mental effort requirements, which can be modulated by external sensory stimulation as well as internal cognition. Underlying a cognitive task are multiple interplaying processes which can be stimulus-driven, goal-driven or spontaneous. However, what remains unknown is how these multiple processes correlate with pupil size modulations and whether it is possible to dissociate their individual effects. To answer this, we employed behavioural and pupil data from two cognitive tasks performed in internal and external attention conditions, where stimulus-driven attention demands were manipulated for the same set of tasks. Using model-based analysis, we were able to dissociate within conditions, how individual processes affect pupil and also compare their effects between conditions. We made two important and novel findings ‚Äì first, within both the conditions we were able to dissociate stimulus-driven and goal-driven effects. Second, when compared between the two attention conditions, we found distinct stimulus-driven attention-based effects but similar goal-directed task-based effects. Our results indicate that pupil can be used as a reliable tool to study cognition.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Neuroscience; Attention; Eye tracking; Mathematical modeling; Statistics"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bz930mm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Adarsh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Palaskar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Shilpa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24379/galley/13976/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24379/galley/21233/download/"}]},{"pk":24057,"title":"How Red Is a Ladybeetle? Examining People's Notions of Biological Variability","subtitle":null,"abstract":"People often display essentialist biases, which can lead them to underestimate within-species variability. This bias is especially pronounced when traits are described as advantageous for survival. However, it is unclear whether this bias is limited\nto the specified trait or encompasses complex trait interactions. We used Markov Chain Monte Carlo with People (MCMCp) to analyze people's representations of biological variability, using ladybeetles as a model species. Participants either received contextual information about the benefits of ladybeetle color for survival, or survival-irrelevant information. Overall, participants held consistent beliefs about ladybeetle features,\nbut those with survival-relevant context produced lighter and larger ladybeetles; this difference was consistent with survey responses. However, we found no significant interaction between MCMCp variability and essentialism scores, given our context manipulation. We discuss potential explanations for these results and highlight advantages of MCMCp for assessing biological variability, particularly when studying the development of essentialist biases.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Education; Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Knowledge representation"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66t4x0fb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pablo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Leon Villagra","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Olympia N.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mathiaparanam","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Karl","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rosengren","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Rochester","department":""},{"first_name":"Daphna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchsbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24057/galley/13651/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24057/galley/21234/download/"}]},{"pk":24529,"title":"How repetition interferes with access to visual working memory items : An EEG study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In Visual working memory (VWM), the top-down goal selectively maintains and recalls items, while, bottom-up attention induced by perceptually similar items prioritizes recalling these VWM items. In this study, we focussed on whether repeated items have facilitated access in VWM and can also act as task-irrelevant interference hindering recalling task-relevant not-repeated items. In this VWM-based EEG study, human participants (n = 25) responded to a probe for an item's presence or absence in a memory array containing repeated and not-repeated items. Significantly slower response times and poor accuracy were observed for probe matching for not-repeated items. Also, Event-related spectral perturbation analysis showed an increase in mid-frontal theta (4-7Hz) and parietal alpha power (8-12 Hz) demonstrating that default prioritized repeated items interfere with recalling items corresponding to the not-repeated probe matching. This study shows how default prioritized repeated items; a relational property of stimuli can interfere with recalling task-relevant VWM items.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Attention; Memory; Electroencephalography (EEG)"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zn067jm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Abhishek","middle_name":"Singh","last_name":"Narvaria","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Brain Research centre","department":""},{"first_name":"Dr. Arpan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Banerjee","name_suffix":"","institution":"National Brain Research Centre (NBRC)","department":""},{"first_name":"Dipanjan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Roy","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24529/galley/21235/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24529/galley/14126/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24529/galley/21235/download/"}]},{"pk":21399,"title":"How robust are fMRI and EEG data to alternative specifications in representational similarity analyses?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Computational neuromodeling methods for evaluating representational dynamics involve intricate analysis choices at every stage of the analysis pipeline. Analysis choices for data processing pipelines are generally chosen based upon end to end accuracy metrics and corresponding performance metrics. Psychology research has recently begun to acknowledge the importance of controlling for potential bias introduced by degrees of freedom in data analysis, with specification curve analysis introduced as a principled method for correcting for such biases. In this paper, we conduct a specification curve analysis (SCA) for representational similarity analysis pipelines reported in the literature for fMRI and EEG datasets, respectively. We show that EEG-based RSA analyses are relatively robust to alternative specifications but that fMRI based analyses are not. Using a novel decision-tree analysis to supplement SCA, we present a potentially more robust pipeline for such analyses.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Cognitive Neuroscience; Machine learning; Computational neuroscience; Electroencephalography (EEG); fMRI"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62j3r1hq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Satwick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sen Sarma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Gouravmoy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Boruah","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","department":""},{"first_name":"Nisheeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Srivastava","name_suffix":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21399/galley/10998/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21399/galley/21844/download/"}]},{"pk":21390,"title":"How Should We Represent Bilingual Vocabulary Knowledge?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Dual language learners (DLLs) constitute a large portion of the population, but relatively little is known about the best ways in which to assess their vocabulary knowledge. Past research has used both conceptual vocabulary knowledge, assessing whether a child knows a word in either language, as well as total vocabulary knowledge, assessing what words a child knows in each language separately. The present work uses neural networks to predict specific word learning for individual Cantonese-English DLLs. As its input, The model utilizes word2vec embeddings that either represent children's' conceptual word knowledge or total word knowledge. We find that using total word knowledge results in higher predictive accuracy, suggesting that knowing what specific words DLLs know in each of their languages provides the most accurate picture of DLLs' vocabulary knowledge. The present work has many implications for both identification of at-risk individuals and the creation of learning materials for DLL populations.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Language development; Multilingualism; Knowledge representation; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61s1245b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Weber","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Pui Fong","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado Boulder","department":""},{"first_name":"Eliana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Colunga","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado Boulder","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21390/galley/10989/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21390/galley/21835/download/"}]},{"pk":24297,"title":"How spatial simulations distinguish \"tracking\" verbs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We describe the verbs pursue, chase, and follow as ‚Äútracking‚Äù verbs because they share conceptual similarities: they are all motion verbs that describe a dynamic spatial relation between two entities, as in ‚Äúthe cat chased the mouse‚Äù. What distinguishes them from one another? If, as some cognitive scientists argue, mental simulations underlie the way the mind processes all motion verbs ‚Äî including those that describe static scenarios, such as run in ‚Äúthe road runs through the desert‚Äù ‚Äî then those simulations may explain the differences between tracking verbs. For instance, chase and pursue may describe conceptually faster motion than follow. We tested this hypothesis in two experiments. The studies presented participants with imagery of one car chasing another along a straight road. In Experiment 1, participants estimated the distance that the pursued car would travel 3 seconds into the future by dragging a slider to an appropriate point on the road. In Experiment 2, participants estimated the distance by selecting from several distance options on a logarithmic scale. Both studies validated the hypothesis that chase and pursue describe faster motion, i.e., participants reliably estimated longer distances for descriptions that included those verbs. We place the results in the context of broader theories of pursuit perception and verb comprehension.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Spatial Cognition"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mt193px","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kon","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","department":""},{"first_name":"Sangeet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Khemlani","name_suffix":"","institution":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24297/galley/13893/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24297/galley/21236/download/"}]},{"pk":24189,"title":"How taking turns communicates desired equality in social relationships","subtitle":null,"abstract":"When people perform generous acts for each other, they can balance out relative benefits by alternating who is generous. When and why do they do this? \nHere we test the explanation that sequences of generosity regulate social relationships. We find that people selectively expect reciprocal generosity in equal (vs. hierarchical) relationships, use reciprocal generosity to infer the presence of an equal relationship, and critically expect that people reciprocate generosity in order to communicate a desire for a (more) equal relationship. In a formal planning model, reciprocal generosity can emerge from the value of communicating desired equality.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Survey"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d20f0h9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Alicia","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Chen","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saxe","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24189/galley/13785/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24189/galley/21237/download/"}]},{"pk":21372,"title":"How to Change a Mind: Adults and Children Use the Causal Structure of Theory of Mind to Intervene on Others' Behaviors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Prior studies of Theory of Mind have primarily asked observers to predict others' actions given their beliefs and desires, or to infer agents' beliefs and desires given observed actions. However, if Theory of Mind is genuinely a causal theory, people should also be able to plan interventions on others' mental states to change their behavior. The intuitive causal model of Theory of Mind predicts an asymmetry: one has to instill both the relevant belief and desire to cause an agent to act; however, to prevent a likely action, it suffices to remove either the relevant belief or desire. Here, we use these asymmetric causal interventions to probe the structure of Theory of Mind. In Experiments 1 and 2, both adults (N=80) and older children (N=42, 8-10 years) distinguished generative and preventative\ncases: selecting interventions on both mental states (both belief and desire) to induce an agent to act and just one of the mental states (either belief or desire) to prevent an action. However, younger children (N =42, 5-7 years) did not. To probe this age difference, in Experiment 3, we asked younger children(N=42, 5-7 years) just to predict the outcome of others' mental state interventions. Children predicted that interventions were more likely to prevent actions than to cause them, but failed to predict that intervening on both the relevant beliefs and desires is more likely to generate a novel action than intervening on\neither alone. These findings suggest that by eight to ten years old, people represent the causal structure of Theory of Mind and can selectively intervene on beliefs and desires to induce and prevent others' actions.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development; Social cognition; Theory of Mind"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n09t35c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shengyi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"","last_name":"Schulz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saxe","name_suffix":"","institution":"MIT","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21372/galley/10971/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21372/galley/21817/download/"}]},{"pk":24569,"title":"How to measure observational implicit learning of complex sequences: a novel paradigm involving rapid visual presentation and serial reaction time task","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Observational learning has been studied using the serial reaction time task (SRTT) reporting inconsistent findings on its nature. When present, observational learning appears to be due to explicit learning, even for complex second-order sequences (SOC). In contrast, statistical learning has been studied using the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) reporting implicit observational learning of simple sequences. We combined elements of the SRTT and RSVP to investigate whether observational learning of SOC can occur. Two groups were exposed to either a repeated or a random sequence in RSVP. A completion and a recognition tasks were performed as a measure of explicit learning, and an SRTT as a measure of implicit learning. Although results showed no difference between groups in the SRTT, the early learning index predicted the recovery from interference exclusively in the experimental group, which also showed a greater awareness of the repetitiveness of the sequence.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Learning; Perception; Vision"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6091b9d0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Monia","middle_name":"","last_name":"D'Angiò","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""},{"first_name":"Salvatore Gaetano","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chiarella","name_suffix":"","institution":"International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA","department":""},{"first_name":"Luca","middle_name":"","last_name":"Simione","name_suffix":"","institution":"Università degli Studi Internazionali","department":""},{"first_name":"Chiara","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saracini","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidad Católica del Maule","department":""},{"first_name":"Antonino","middle_name":"","last_name":"Raffone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""},{"first_name":"Enrico","middle_name":"","last_name":"Di Pace","name_suffix":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24569/galley/21238/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24569/galley/14166/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24569/galley/21238/download/"}]},{"pk":24406,"title":"How turn-timing can inform about becoming familiar with a task and its changes: a study of shy and less shy four-year-old children","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In novel situations, the productive communicative behavior of shy children can require more time than that of their less shy peers. Investigating 14 preschoolers, we asked which situational demands and changes contribute to the individual processing. Whereas children's shyness was measured by a standardized questionnaire given to caregivers, their processing of situational demands was measured by their nonverbal turn-timing over two sessions with a social robot. We focused on how children respond to their partner when the situation changes in comparison to a familiar one. Our results, based on grouping children by shyness level, indicate that while differences in turn-timing were not significant, shy children's turn-timing was consistently characterized by higher latencies compared to the less shy children across sessions and tasks, particularly when introduced to a new task. Correlational analysis, accounting for the full shyness spectrum, confirmed this trend. Findings clarify how children perceive a situation and situational changes.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Human-computer interaction; Interactive behavior; Developmental analysis"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26b984sz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Valeriia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tykhonenko","name_suffix":"","institution":"Paderborn University","department":""},{"first_name":"Nils","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Tolksdorf","name_suffix":"","institution":"Paderborn University","department":""},{"first_name":"Katharina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rohlfing","name_suffix":"","institution":"Paderborn University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24406/galley/14003/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24406/galley/21239/download/"}]},{"pk":24307,"title":"How Well Do Deep Learning Models Capture Human Concepts? The Case of the Typicality Effect","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This study examines the alignment of deep learning model representations with those of humans, focusing on the typicality effect, where certain instances of a category are considered more representative than others. Previous research, limited to single modalities and few concepts, showed modest correlations with human typicality judgments. This study expands the scope by evaluating a wider array of language (N=8) and vision (N=10) models. It also considers the combined predictions of language+vision model pairs, alongside a multimodal CLIP-based model. The investigation encompasses a larger concept range (N=27) than prior work. Our findings reveal that language models align more closely with human typicality judgments than vision models. Additionally, combined language+vision models, as well as the multimodal CLIP model, demonstrate improved prediction of human typicality data. This study advances the understanding of ML models' conceptual alignment with human cognition and contributes a new image set for vision model concept evaluation.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Concepts and categories; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling; Large Language Models; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nt41101","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Siddhartha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vemuri","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Raj","middle_name":"Sanjay","last_name":"Shah","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Institute of Technology","department":""},{"first_name":"Sashank","middle_name":"","last_name":"Varma","name_suffix":"","institution":"Georgia Tech","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24307/galley/13903/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24307/galley/21240/download/"}]},{"pk":24106,"title":"How wise is the crowd: Can we infer people are accurate and competent merely because they agree with each other?","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Are people who agree on something more likely to be right and competent? Evidence suggests that people tend to make this inference. However, standard wisdom of crowds approaches only provide limited normative grounds. Using simulations, we argue that when individuals make independent and unbiased estimates, under a wide range of parameters, individuals whose answers converge with each other tend to have more accurate answers and to be more competent. In 2 experiments (UK participants, total N = 399), we show that participants infer that informants who agree have more accurate answers and are more competent, even when they have no priors, and that these inferences are weakened when the informants are systematically biased. In conclusion, we speculate that  inferences from convergence to accuracy and competence might help explain why people deem scientists competent, even if they have little understanding of science.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Psychology; Sociology; Behavioral Science"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ms2n8wd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pfänder","name_suffix":"","institution":"Institut Jean Nicod, ENS-PSL, CNRS","department":""},{"first_name":"Benoït","middle_name":"","last_name":"de Courson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law","department":""},{"first_name":"Hugo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mercier","name_suffix":"","institution":"CNRS","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24106/galley/13700/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24106/galley/21241/download/"}]},{"pk":21527,"title":"Human Curriculum Effects Emerge with In-Context Learning in Neural Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human learning is sensitive to rule-like structure and the curriculum of examples used for training. In tasks governed by succinct rules, learning is more robust when related examples are blocked across trials, but in the absence of such rules, interleaving is more effective. To date, no neural model has simultaneously captured these seemingly contradictory effects. Here we show that this same tradeoff spontaneously emerges with ‚Äúin-context learning‚Äù (ICL) both in neural networks trained with metalearning and in large language models (LLMs). ICL is the ability to learn new tasks ‚Äúin context‚Äù ‚Äî without weight changes ‚Äî via an inner-loop algorithm implemented in activation dynamics. Experiments with pretrained LLMs and metalearning transformers show that ICL exhibits the blocking advantage demonstrated in humans on a task involving rule-like structure, and conversely, that concurrent in-weight learning reproduces the interleaving advantage observed in humans on tasks lacking such structure.","language":null,"license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Learning; Problem Solving; Computational neuroscience; Large Language Models; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hv527hr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jacob","middle_name":"","last_name":"Russin","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown","department":""},{"first_name":"Ellie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pavlick","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Michael J.","middle_name":"","last_name":"Frank","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21527/galley/11126/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21527/galley/14603/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21527/galley/21242/download/"}]},{"pk":24745,"title":"Human feedback makes Large Language Models more human-like","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The most recent generation of Large Language Models owes its success not only to scale, but also a novel step in their training: reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In this study, we assessed the impact that this training regime has on the fit between model and human behavior in regards to linguistic behavior. We evaluated three versions of OpenAI's GPT-3 davinci ‚Äì original, instruction-tuned, and RLHF-trained ‚Äì using psycholinguistic tasks: subject-verb agreement, sentence acceptability, and event knowledge. We then compared their performance to human participants. We found that the RLHF model is significantly more human-like in its answers, including in the errors it commits. Moreover, the uncertainty of the distribution of its output is closely tied with between-subject variation in humans. This suggests that human feedback improves not only the overall quality of LLMs, but also the alignment between their behavior and the linguistic, metalinguistic, and discursive intuitions of humans.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Language understanding; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling; Large Language Models"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96h6q39v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Pablo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Contreras Kallens","name_suffix":"","institution":"Saarland University","department":""},{"first_name":"Ross","middle_name":"Deans","last_name":"Kristensen-McLachlan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Aarhus University","department":""},{"first_name":"Morten","middle_name":"","last_name":"Christiansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Cornell University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24745/galley/21243/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24745/galley/14343/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24745/galley/18201/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24745/galley/21243/download/"}]},{"pk":24609,"title":"Humanizing Language Models: Exploring behavioral and brain data as language model inputs","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Language models have traditionally been trained on massive digitized text corpora. However, alternative data sources exist that may increase the representational alignment between language models and human knowledge. We contribute to the assessment of the role of data sources on language model representations. Specifically, we present work aimed at understanding differences in the content of language representations ('embeddings') trained from text, behavioral data (e.g., free associations), and brain data (e.g., fMRI). Using a method from neuroscience known as 'representational similarity analysis', we show that embeddings derived from behavioral and brain data encode different information than their text-derived cousins. Furthermore, using an interpretability method that we term, 'representational content analysis,' we find that, in particular, behavioral embeddings better encode dimensions relating to dominance, valence, and arousal, which are likely critical for the representational alignment of language models.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Linguistics; Neuroscience; Psychology; Natural Language Processing; Large Language Models"}],"section":"Abstracts","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71v3w2f0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Zak","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hussain","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Basel","department":""},{"first_name":"Rui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mata","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Basel","department":""},{"first_name":"Ben","middle_name":"","last_name":"Newell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of New South Wales","department":""},{"first_name":"Dirk","middle_name":"U","last_name":"Wulff","name_suffix":"","institution":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/24609/galley/17963/download/"}]},{"pk":24836,"title":"Humanizing Online Language Teaching Through Instructional and Affective Moves: Reflections from an ELD Teach","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted the field of education, shifting instruction from in-person classrooms to virtual learning environments on a global scale. To understand how language teachers engaged in online pedagogy during the pandemic, the current study examines how one expert English Language Development (ELD) teacher, Ms. Anya Mendoza, adapted her instruction to deliver lessons that met the content and linguistic needs of her students. Findings demonstrate how, using a two-stage research design with a semi-structured interview and critical reflection journal entry, Anya performed both instructional and affective moves to support students in their content and language learning. Prioritizing student engagement, she also created space to humanize and empower her language learners in her virtual classroom. As we venture into a post-COVID-19 “new normal” that considers in-person, online, and hybrid instruction, findings from this study demonstrate the importance of anchoring instructional decisions on the needs of students to meaningfully support content and language teaching.","language":"eng","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"pandemic pedagogy"},{"word":"affective moves"},{"word":"instructional moves"},{"word":"humanizing pedagogy"},{"word":"language instruction"}],"section":"Theme Section - Teaching the Whole Student","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wm9g7nz","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pepperdine University","department":"Graduate School of Education and Psychology"},{"first_name":"Helen","middle_name":"Chan","last_name":"Hill","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pasadena Unified School District (PUSD)","department":""},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Najera","name_suffix":"","institution":"Pasadena Unified School District (PUSD)","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/24836/galley/14430/download/"}]},{"pk":23982,"title":"Human-Like Geometric Abstraction in Large Pre-trained Neural Networks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Humans possess a remarkable capacity to recognize and manipulate abstract structure, which is especially apparent in the domain of geometry. Recent research in cognitive science suggests neural networks do not share this capacity, concluding that human geometric abilities come from discrete symbolic structure in human mental representations. However, progress in artificial intelligence (AI) suggests that neural networks begin to demonstrate more human-like reasoning after scaling up standard architectures in both model size and amount of training data. In this study, we revisit empirical results in cognitive science on geometric visual processing and identify three key biases in geometric visual processing: a sensitivity towards complexity, regularity, and the perception of parts and relations. We test tasks from the literature that probe these biases in humans and find that large pre-trained neural network models used in AI demonstrate more human-like abstract geometric processing.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Artificial Intelligence; Reasoning; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q33008t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Declan","middle_name":"I.","last_name":"Campbell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Sreejan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kumar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Tyler","middle_name":"","last_name":"Giallanza","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute","department":""},{"first_name":"Jonathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cohen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""},{"first_name":"Tom","middle_name":"","last_name":"Griffiths","name_suffix":"","institution":"Princeton University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23982/galley/13576/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23982/galley/21245/download/"}]},{"pk":23995,"title":"Human-Like Moral Decisions by Reinforcement Learning Agents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Human moral judgments are both precise, with clear intuitions about right and wrong, and at the same time obscure, as they seem to result from principles whose logic often escapes us. The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications requires an understanding of this subtle logic if we are to embed moral considerations in artificial systems. Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have emerged as a valuable interactive tool for investigating moral behavior. However, being value-based algorithms, they face difficulty when it comes to explaining deontological, non-consequentialist moral judgments. Here, in a multi-agent learning scenario based on the Producer-Scrounger Game, we show that RL agents can converge towards apparently non-consequentialist outcomes, provided the algorithm accounts for the temporal value of actions. The implications of our findings extend to integrating morality into AI agents by elucidating the interplay between learning strategies, characteristics for accounting temporal values, and methods of considering the opponent's payoff.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Anthropology; Intelligent agents; Interactive behavior; Social cognition; Agent-based Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6s39w73n","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ali","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shiravand","name_suffix":"","institution":"École Normale Supérieure - PSL","department":""},{"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","middle_name":"","last_name":"André","name_suffix":"","institution":"École Normale Supérieure - PSL","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23995/galley/13589/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23995/galley/21246/download/"}]},{"pk":21415,"title":"Human-machine trios show different tempo changes in musical tasks","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Music-making relies on precise temporal control and mutual coordination among performers, particularly to maintain tempo. We evaluate the impact of human-machine interaction and rhythmic subdivisions on tempo change in musical trios. A synchronization-continuation task was performed by trios of human participants interacting with confederates or with algorithmic (i.e. machine) models. Sounded tone onsets were produced by a linear error-correction model, delay-coupled model, and Kuramoto model that replaced a human participant. Inter-onset intervals were examined from participants who performed rhythms in both in-phase and anti-phase conditions while a third group member was either a human or algorithmic model. Trios drifted toward faster tempi more when they contained a human than an algorithmic model. Tempo drift also increased for the aligned rhythms (in-phase) compared to rhythms with rhythmic subdivisions (anti-phase). Finally, the tested algorithmic models replicated the confederate's tempo drift without the use of any period correction mechanisms. This research advances our understanding of unintentional tempo drift, offering insights into ensemble dynamics and models of temporal coordination in groups. Implications for musical coordination and avenues for future research are discussed.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Behavioral Science; Dynamical Systems; Human-computer interaction; Music; Computational Modeling"}],"section":"Papers with Oral Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fw9b7kt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Bavo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Van Kerrebroeck","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Marcelo","middle_name":"","last_name":"Wanderley","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""},{"first_name":"Alexander","middle_name":"P","last_name":"Demos","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Illinois at Chicago","department":""},{"first_name":"Caroline","middle_name":"","last_name":"Palmer","name_suffix":"","institution":"McGill University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21415/galley/11014/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/21415/galley/21860/download/"}]},{"pk":23999,"title":"Human Perceptions of Canine Intelligence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"What makes Lassie a smart dog? People have strong intui-tions about dogs' intelligence, yet the content and organiza-tion of these intuitions remain unknown. Two studies ex-amined the structure of laypeople's concepts of dog intelli-gence, creating a conceptual map of what people represent as a ‚Äúsmart‚Äù or ‚Äúdumb‚Äù dog. Study 1 elicited open-ended ideas about dog intelligence. We turned consistent themes into items in a 50-item survey. Study 2 asked participants to picture either a smart or dumb dog and rate that dog on the items derived from Study 1. Participants strongly agreed in their ratings of smart and dumb dogs, and we discovered a coherent dimensional structure underlying people's intui-tions. They represent smart dogs as socially skilled with a good temperament, and dumb dogs as bad at physical rea-soning and avoiding threats. These representations align well with findings from canine research and with dog train-ers' practical knowledge.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Anthropology; Psychology; Animal cognition; Cognitive Humanities; Human Factors"}],"section":"Papers with Poster Presentation","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d9549vn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Miriam","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ross","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Daphna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buchsbaum","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""},{"first_name":"Bertram","middle_name":"F.","last_name":"Malle","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brown University","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2024-01-01T19:00:00+01:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23999/galley/13593/download/"},{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/23999/galley/21244/download/"}]}]}