From the moment social media companies like Facebook were created, they have been largely immune to suit for the actions they take with respect to user content. This is thanks to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 230, which offers broad immunity to sites for content posted by users. But seemingly the only thing a deeply divided legislature can agree on is that Section 230 must be amended, and soon. Once that immunity is altered, either by Congress or the courts, these companies may be liable for the decisions and actions of their algorithmic recommendation systems, artificial intelligence models that sometimes amplify the worst in our society, as Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen explained to Congress in her testimony.
\nBut what, exactly, will it look like to sue a company for the actions of an algorithm?
\nWhether through torts like defamation or under certain statutes, such as those aimed at curbing terrorism, the mechanics of bringing such a claim will surely occupy academics and practitioners in the wake of changes to Section 230. To that end, this Article is the first to examine how the issue of algorithmic amplification might be addressed by agency principles of direct and vicarious liability, specifically within the context of holding social media companies accountable. As such, this Article covers the basics of algorithmic recommendation systems, discussing them in layman’s terms and explaining why Section 230 reform may spur claims that have a profound impact on traditional tort law. The Article looks to sex trafficking claims made against social media companies—an area already exempted from Section 230’s shield—as an early model of how courts might address other claims against these companies. It also examines the potential hurdles, such as causation, that will remain even when Section 230 is amended. It concludes by offering certain policy considerations for both lawmakers and jurists.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7008z2jg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"B.","last_name":"Cyphert","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Jena","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Martin","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31549/galley/22618/download/"}]},{"pk":31538,"title":"An Empirical Study of Copyright’s Substantial Similarity Test","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The substantial similarity test is copyright law’s dominant means by which courts determine whether a party has infringed another party’s copyright rights. Despite this, we have very little empirical evidence about what the test is and how courts apply it. To date, only a few empirical studies exist, and these are limited in several important ways, including with regards to scope, time periods covered, and volume of opinions. Mostly, courts, commentators, and scholars rely on anecdotal accounts of the test in both their conceptualizations and critiques of it.
\nTo help provide a clearer empirical assessment of the test, this study examines a random sample of over 1,000 substantial similarity opinions issued between 1978 and 2020. This study covers opinions from district and appellate courts in every circuit and tracks a number of these opinions’ characteristics. These characteristics include: the subject matter and copyright rights in dispute; procedural posture; opinion date; the subtests, expert evidence, and copyright limitations used in the opinion; the sources of authority that courts rely on in their opinions; and outcomes for each part of the test and the case overall.
\nThis review reveals a number of important findings. First, similar to other types of copyright litigation, courts in the Second Circuit and Ninth Circuit dominate the substantial similarity space, with the Ninth Circuit more recently displacing the Second Circuit as the primary venue for substantial similarity cases. Courts also rely on opinions from these two circuits more than any other source in interpreting and applying the substantial similarity test. Second, courts typically spend little time assessing whether a defendant actually copied from the plaintiff’s work. Courts mostly decide this first prong of the substantial similarity test as a matter of whether defendants had access to the plaintiff’s work, and they mostly favor plaintiffs on this question. Courts rarely rely on expert evidence or assess the two works’ similarities on this first prong, despite courts and commentators frequently opining otherwise. Third, the second part of the test, where courts assess whether the defendant’s copying amounts to improper appropriation, is characterized by significant heterogeneity. No dominant means exists for resolving this question, and, in any given opinion, a court typically uses multiple subtests and copyright limitations to decide this inquiry. Courts also use expert evidence more frequently under this prong of the test than the first part, a result that defies conventional wisdom. Finally, defendants win substantial similarity cases slightly more frequently than plaintiffs. This is further evidence that prong one of the test, where plaintiffs enjoy significantly greater success, appears to be largely inconsequential. The data also suggest that one of the keys to winning, for either defendants or plaintiffs, is the extent to which the court engages with and discusses copyright limitations.
\nWe conclude by considering several implications. First, courts should maintain the two traditional prongs of the substantial similarity test as distinct and reinvigorate their assessments of similarity under the first prong of the substantial similarity test. Second, courts should make discussing and applying any relevant copyright limitations the heart of their prong two analyses to ensure that copyright law serves its constitutional purposes.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5507x9f7","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Clark","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Asay","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31538/galley/22607/download/"}]},{"pk":31539,"title":"Cover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Prefatory","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06t1n1zr","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31539/galley/22608/download/"}]},{"pk":31540,"title":"From Experiencing Abuse to Seeking Protection: Examining the Shame of Intimate Partner Violence","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Shame permeates the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). People who perpetrate IPV commonly use tactics designed to cause shame in their partners, including denigrating their dignity, undermining their autonomy, or harming their reputation. Many IPV survivors report an abiding sense of shame as a result of their victimization—from a lost sense of self, to self-blame, to fear of (or actual) social judgment. When seeking help for abuse, many survivors are directed to, or otherwise encounter, persons or institutions that reinforce rather than mitigate their shame. Survivors with marginalized social identities often must contend not only with the shame of IPV victimization, but also with the shame that follows being stigmatized or otherwise assigned inaccurate or incomplete “identities.”
\nUnderstanding how these layers of shame can shape a survivor’s experience matters. Shame can be a destructive harm that devastates a person’s sense of self-worth. It can lead to long-term psychological injury and can be both a source and outcome of trauma. A desire to reduce shame’s damaging impact can cause survivors to utilize coping behaviors that may be self-protective, but profoundly misunderstood by the people and institutions to whom they turn for help. Included among those institutions is the civil legal system. Protection orders are the most common legal intervention for IPV and can be critical tools for responding to it. Yet, to obtain a protection order, survivors must enter a process that often deprives them of their privacy and ability to control their self-image—experiences anchored in shame. Without understanding shame’s behavioral and psychological effects, survivors risk having their claims of victimization discredited, harming their ability to obtain safety and relief.
\nThis Article explores these individual, social, and institutional dimensions of shame. It examines how those who work or interact with survivors can better understand the shame that results from traumatic experiences, and the trauma that results from shame-intensive ones. This Article further explores strategies to reduce the shame that can pervade civil litigation. These strategies include prioritizing survivor dignity and narrative control—critical antidotes to the injury of shame.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jr1d4sq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"A.","middle_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Camp","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31540/galley/22609/download/"}]},{"pk":31541,"title":"Lessons from Bostock: Analysis of the Jurisprudential (Mis)Treatment of “Sex” in Title VII Cases","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The Supreme Court’s decision in Bostock v. Clayton County extended Title VII’s prohibition on sex discrimination to lesbian, gay, and transgender individuals. This decision represents the latest step forward in a long line of Title VII jurisprudence, which slowly expanded the definition of “sex” as the cultural understanding of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation improved. This Note critically reviews that history of jurisprudence, using the Bostock decision as a frame to examine the ways in which the courts’ definition of “sex” has evolved out of a flawed understanding of the relationships between sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation as categories. This Note argues that the Bostock decision, while a great victory for gay and transgender plaintiffs, nonetheless leaves unprotected those individuals who do not conform to a binary interpretation of sex in their gender expression or sexual orientation. The Note concludes with a discussion of potential solutions that would guarantee non-discrimination protections for those whose identities do not conform to the gender binary.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Note","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kb9d9kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Allison","middle_name":"","last_name":"Greenberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31541/galley/22610/download/"}]},{"pk":31542,"title":"Limits to Prison Reform","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Central to prison reform is the idea that prisons can be humane. Abolitionist scholarship has raised one challenge to this idea, in the form of a structural critique. Prisons, on this account, are social institutions that reflect and reinforce inequality; reform does not disturb those broader injustices, and so cannot cure the problems with prisons. Yes, and prison reform has another problem: there are limits to how humane any prison can be. Prisons are, by definition, instruments of punishment that inflict extreme isolation and control, which are dehumanizing experiences. And reforming prisons is, in some ways, an aesthetic project that is more concerned with the sensibilities of the punishers than the experience of the punished. I develop this argument using Norwegian prisons as a case study—prisons that reformists consider models of humane punishment, but which I describe differently through interviews with people incarcerated there. Part I of this Article situates my argument in abolitionist scholarship. Part II develops a critique of prisons and reform using Norwegian prisons as a case study. Part III mobilizes this critique of prison reform to offer a new account of some limits to prison conditions law. And Part IV suggests a kind of prescription: enforcing the perspective of the punished, rather than the punisher.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91z6q4dr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sophie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Angelis","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31542/galley/22611/download/"}]},{"pk":31543,"title":"Masthead","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Prefatory","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94g063jv","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31543/galley/22612/download/"}]},{"pk":31544,"title":"Mission Statement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Prefatory","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nv118gv","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31544/galley/22613/download/"}]},{"pk":31545,"title":"Rethinking Evidentiary Rules in an Age of Bench Trials","subtitle":null,"abstract":"American jury trials are vanishing. Statistics indicate that the number of jury trials in U.S. federal and state courts has diminished for decades, a phenomenon that has become even more pronounced amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Courts throughout the nation are on track for more than a year without any trials by jury. But as jury trials wane, bench trials are dominant in federal and state courts for both civil and criminal cases. What does that mean, then, for evidentiary rules? The Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), first adopted in 1975, codify federal evidence law and have been adopted by the vast majority of states. Technically speaking, these rules apply to both jury and bench trials. However, in practice, trial judges often apply rules of evidence loosely when they sit without a jury. Time and again in bench trials, objections to the admissibility of evidence are met with the judicial response of, “I’ll let it in and just give it the weight it deserves.” In an era when bench trials have become the new normal, such an enormous gap between the law in operation and that in the books suggests the need to reexamine the current arrangement of the FRE, to inquire whether bench trials should have their own customized rules of evidence, and, if so, what those rules should look like. This Article examines the similarities and differences between jury and bench trials in judicial fact-finding and explains why bench trial judges cannot rely on Free Proof and instead still need the guidance of evidence rules—albeit different rules than those used for jury trials. This Article proposes what those rules for bench trials might look like and discusses why and how such a project could go beyond bench trials, making a profound impact globally.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mf1r166","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Henry","middle_name":"Zhuhao","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31545/galley/22614/download/"}]},{"pk":31546,"title":"Striking Down Physician-Only Laws: A Necessary and Constitutionally Required Answer to the United States’ Critical Abortion Provider Shortage","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In 2020, women in South Dakota were deprived of an abortion provider in their state for seven months because the pandemic prevented out-of-state physicians from traveling. And as of late 2021, multiple states had only one abortion provider: if just one physician left, entire states or regions would be cut off from abortion access. The dearth of abortion care is not just caused by the pandemic or the escalating state-imposed restrictions on clinics that force them to close: it is the fact that laws in thirty-six states limiting the provision of abortion to physicians exclude an entire group of practitioners willing and able to safely administer early-term abortions. Including advanced practice clinicians (APCs)—who hold master’s or doctoral degrees—in the provision of first-trimester abortion will ameliorate the United States’ abortion provider shortage, especially for marginalized women.
\nExcluding APCs from abortion care is not just impractical: it is also unconstitutional. Since the Supreme Court made clear in Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt that medical evidence must support a state’s health-motivated abortion restriction, physician-only laws cannot pass constitutional muster. It is well established that there is no difference in health outcomes between APC and physician-administered first trimester abortions. But the Supreme Court overturning Roe. v. Wade signals an unwillingness to appropriately follow bedrock abortion precedent, meaning that federal and state legislatures must also repeal physician-only laws in the case that the Supreme Court continues to disregard long-standing precedent.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Note","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48n3r4nr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Eva","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nofri","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31546/galley/22615/download/"}]},{"pk":31547,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Prefatory","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g09315h","frozenauthors":[],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31547/galley/22616/download/"}]},{"pk":31548,"title":"The Law of Disposable Children: Searches in Schools","subtitle":null,"abstract":"It’s the forgotten, discarded, disposable people. That’s so often who you find in jail—the forgotten.
\n—Rev. David Kelly, explaining why he devotes himself to working with children coming out of the juvenile detention system.
\n\nMany schools treat children as “disposable.”
\n—Francisco Arenas, Juvenile Probation Officer at Cook County Juvenile Probation.
\n\nSchoolchildren are being strip-searched based on little or no reasonable suspicion, and schoolchildren are being targeted for searches based on their race, disability status, gender, or homelessness. This is possible because the Supreme Court has issued only two opinions in its history about the right of schoolchildren to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures in schools. With those two cases, the Court has established a special test for schoolchildren, far more permissive than that applied to those suspected of serious criminal wrongdoing. Two cases in thirty-five years are not enough to regulate the lower courts’ oversight of literally millions of searches and seizures conducted in schoolhouses throughout the nation every year—a lack of oversight that lower courts have exploited to permit schools extraordinary discretion over schoolchildren and approve highly invasive searches. The existing literature focuses almost exclusively on the Supreme Court’s minimalist jurisprudence; in contrast, this Article uses a combination of methodological approaches to show how the law of searches and seizures in schools operates on the ground by conducting an in-depth case study of one jurisdiction, Illinois. We examine every case decided in Illinois and show that lower courts exploit the porousness of the Supreme Court’s test to permit questionable and sometimes even clearly illegal state actions. Yet even a comprehensive study of lower courts fails to fully grasp the extent of the problem: a minuscule proportion of the intrusions on schoolchildren by the state ever become cases—most internal school procedures are never independently reviewed at all, even if they involve unconstitutional intrusions. To understand how common searches and seizures of schoolchildren are and how often they cross the line into unconstitutionality, we draw on testimony from interviews with experts in the field. These interviews reveal that schools discriminate among students based on factors such as race, disability, homelessness, wealth, and community characteristics; and schools target some students for searches that can result in exclusion from school for shockingly long periods. Multiple interviewees independently described the system as treating some schoolchildren as disposable. The judiciary is failing to provide basic protections to our children, and Supreme Court intervention is imperative.
","language":null,"license":{"name":"All rights reserved","short_name":"Copyright","text":"© the author(s). All rights reserved.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors"},"keywords":[],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wz7m5wh","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tonja","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jacobi","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Riley","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clafton","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-30T19:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucilr/article/31548/galley/22617/download/"}]},{"pk":45587,"title":"Concomitant Clostridioides difficile and Salmonella Infection","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sg8q532","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Vikas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pabby","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-29T15:31:13-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45587/galley/34373/download/"}]},{"pk":182,"title":"Conscious rereading is confirmatory: Evidence from bidirectional self-paced reading","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Rereading during sentence processing can be confirmatory, in which case it serves to increase readers' certainty in their current interpretation, or it can be revisionary, in which case it serves to correct a misinterpretation (Christianson, Luke, Hussey, & Wochna, 2017). The distinction is particularly relevant in garden-path sentences, which have been argued to trigger revisionary rereading (Frazier & Rayner, 1982). In two web-based experiments that compare garden-path sentences with other linguistic constructions, we investigate deliberate rereading in the recently-proposed bidirectional self-paced reading (BSPR) paradigm (Paape & Vasishth, 2022). Our results show evidence for selective rereading only in very difficult garden-path sentences. Additionally, our results suggest that conscious, selective rereading is confirmatory: Readers find garden-path sentences less rather than more acceptable after selective rereading, suggesting that they reread either to confirm their initial analysis or to confirm the perceived ungrammaticality of the sentence. We discuss the role of conscious awareness in dealing with different types of linguistic inconsistency.","language":"eng","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Regular Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/807182h9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Dario","middle_name":"","last_name":"Paape","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universität Potsdam","department":""},{"first_name":"Shravan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasishth","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Potsdam","department":"Linguistics"}],"date_submitted":"2022-08-02T05:25:53.205000-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-10-01T11:42:27.913000-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-25T09:00:00-05:00","render_galley":{"label":"XML","type":"xml","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/182/galley/48/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/182/galley/47/download/"},{"label":"XML","type":"xml","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/182/galley/48/download/"}]},{"pk":159,"title":"Syntactic and semantic mismatches in English number agreement","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In English, it is possible for a morphologically singular collective noun like government to control both singular (syntactic) agreement and plural (semantic) agreement in the same sentence (e.g. The government has praised themselves). It has been claimed that sentences with the opposite pattern of agreeing elements are ungrammatical (e.g. *The government have praised itself), and there is a corresponding asymmetry in corpus frequencies of these two configurations. Across two acceptability judgement experiments, we show that the acceptability contrast is affected by the relative order of the two agreeing elements, with degraded acceptability in the case where the first agreeing element shows plural agreement and the second shows singular agreement, relative to the opposite configuration. This pattern is found both when the agreeing verb precedes the reflexive, and when the reflexive precedes the verb. Overall, the results suggest that the initial formation of a semantic agreement dependency between an agreement target and a collective controller makes subsequent morpho-syntactic agreement with the same controller less accessible. We argue that any theoretical account of these results would require an important role for incremental processing. ","language":"eng","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Regular Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51v9043v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sturt","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Edinburgh","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-05-02T09:46:20.756000-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-09-26T09:47:36.254000-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-25T09:00:00-05:00","render_galley":{"label":"XML","type":"xml","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/159/galley/45/download/"},"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/159/galley/44/download/"},{"label":"XML","type":"xml","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/159/galley/45/download/"}]},{"pk":41465,"title":"First report of citrus virus A in Australia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Citrus virus A (CiVA) was detected for the first time in Australia in a living pathogen collection. Buds were originally collected from a Washington navel field tree prior to 1970 and graft-inoculated onto a Symons sweet orange indicator plant. The virus was detected using conventional and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and high-throughput sequencing. This variant shares 96.3% (RNA1) and 96.7% (RNA2) nucleotide identity with isolates of CiVA from South Africa and China, respectively. Foliar symptoms of leaf flecking and oak leaf patterns, consistent with detections of CiVA in other regions, were observed on the foliage of the original accession and inoculated indicator plants. Subsequent surveys of an Australian citrus variety collection detected a different CiVA sequence variant in two accessions of Pera sweet orange; this variant had 97% similarity to the other Australian variant.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"citrus, graft-transmissible, coguvirus, chlorotic flecking, oak leaf pattern"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65n5s21v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nerida","middle_name":"","last_name":"Donovan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Grant","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chambers","name_suffix":"","institution":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Englezou","name_suffix":"","institution":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Wendy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Forbes","name_suffix":"","institution":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Adrian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dando","name_suffix":"","institution":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Paul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Holford","name_suffix":"","institution":"School of Science","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-05-03T22:01:30-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-05-03T22:01:30-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-25T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/iocv_journalcitruspathology/article/41465/galley/31041/download/"}]},{"pk":45586,"title":"A Case for the Annual Physical: Diagnosing Leukemia During a Routine Checkup","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jz6024m","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Ravenborg","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-15T15:35:11-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45586/galley/34372/download/"}]},{"pk":45585,"title":"Infective Endocarditis caused by Gemella bergeri","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vd7f3sx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sewon","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oum","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Luciano","middle_name":"","last_name":"Castaneda","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-15T15:33:42-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45585/galley/34371/download/"}]},{"pk":45584,"title":"A Case of Vitamin B6 Neurotoxicity","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ws5r5w2","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mopelola","middle_name":"","last_name":"Adeyemo","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Dave","middle_name":"","last_name":"Garg","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-15T15:31:15-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45584/galley/34370/download/"}]},{"pk":45583,"title":"An Unusual Cause of Neck Pain: Cervical Osteomyelitis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m18c2jq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-15T15:30:10-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45583/galley/34369/download/"}]},{"pk":45582,"title":"Alopecia Areata after COVID-19 Vaccination","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1599f72j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mengjun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Hu","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-15T15:29:08-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45582/galley/34368/download/"}]},{"pk":37995,"title":"Back Cover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"BACK COVER","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fp4j1bd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:50:34-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:50:34-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:53:14-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37995/galley/28603/download/"}]},{"pk":37994,"title":"Notes on Editors and Contributors","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"NOTES ON EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q73v8rg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:42:30-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:42:30-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:45:12-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37994/galley/28602/download/"}]},{"pk":37993,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Table of Contents","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"CONTENTS","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rv767wb","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:34:49-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:34:49-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:44:29-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37993/galley/28601/download/"}]},{"pk":37992,"title":"Mester Volume 51 - Cover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"COVER","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9655f9bt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:29:22-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:29:22-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:32:04-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37992/galley/28600/download/"}]},{"pk":37991,"title":"Front Matter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Front Matter","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"FRONT MATTER","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3n4646n6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:28:05-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:28:05-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:30:37-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37991/galley/28599/download/"}]},{"pk":37990,"title":"Introduction","subtitle":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the Editorial Board of \nMester\n, the academic journal of the graduate students of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of California, Los Angeles, I am honored to introduce its fifty-first volume. \nMester\n 51 welcomed submissions for articles, essays, and interviews from transdisciplinary perspectives that examine the various ways in which the body is interpreted by cultural products from any period. Contributors showed interest in analyzing how bodies are represented, what their aesthetic and/or political functions are, what spaces they occupy in the social network, and how they interact with power when building “the cultural.” We believe discussions regarding the definition, autonomy, place, and limits of bodies, both individual and social, are essential for rethinking how bodies are/were studied and (under)valued.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"body, culture, discourse"}],"section":"INTRODUCTION","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11w922vx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leandro","middle_name":"Arsenio","last_name":"Hernandez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:21:37-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:21:37-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:25:39-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37990/galley/28598/download/"}]},{"pk":37989,"title":"Voces en la sala de espera. Una entrevista con Joaquín Doldán","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"INTERVIEW","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28d1x72s","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Verónica","middle_name":"","last_name":"García Moreno","name_suffix":"","institution":"Montana State University","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Susannah","middle_name":"R.","last_name":"Drissi","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T12:00:01-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T12:00:01-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T12:13:59-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37989/galley/28597/download/"}]},{"pk":37985,"title":"“Fuimos los ojos dentro del barrio”: reflexiones sobre una experiencia escolar qom-español durante las medidas sanitarias frente al COVID-19 en Santa Fe (Argentina)","subtitle":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo nos centramos en las problemáticas educativas que enfrentaron las comunidades indígenas frente a las medidas establecidas por la pandemia de COVID-19. Para ello se caracteriza en un primer momento la modalidad Educación Intercultural Bilingüe con la finalidad de poner en evidencia los problemas que ya presentaba la educación para pueblos originarios antes de la pandemia. Luego, se describe la situación educativa durante las medidas impulsadas por los gobiernos para hacer frente al COVID-19 con el objetivo de señalar cómo este contexto particular agravó los problemas ya existentes.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"políticas educativas"},{"word":"pueblos originarios"},{"word":"CIVID-19"},{"word":"exclusión educativa"}],"section":"BODIES, DISCOURSES & DISEASES","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46h6f60w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Micaela","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lorenzotti","name_suffix":"","institution":"IHuCSo (CONICET-UNL)","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-02-08T11:07:46-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-02-08T11:07:46-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:43:33-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37985/galley/28596/download/"}]},{"pk":37984,"title":"Hablar el cuerpo: la concepción de los mundos y su huella lingüística.","subtitle":null,"abstract":"En este escrito se revisan algunos fenómenos que ponen de manifiesto cómo el estudio de las lenguas particulares permite descubrir y determinar, entre otras relaciones, aquellos que los sujetos manifiestan lingüísticamente en relación con los cuerpos propios y ajenos, los cuerpos sociales y las entidades no humanas, siempre referenciando el discurso a partir del propio yo y su modo de percibirse. Se considera que los estudios morfológicos, sintácticos y semánticos de distintos fenómenos lingüísticos son necesarios para observar marcas de comportamiento lingüístico que motivan y/o son motivados por una concepción de mundo específico. Se centra la atención en fenómenos lingüísticos que determinan y definen un modo de pensar, una concepción del mundo y de los vínculos que se fundamentan al interior de la comunidad, los elementos que son relevantes culturalmente para los hablantes y que responden, también, a procesos históricos de conformación de la identidad de un pueblo. Para llevar adelante este objetivo, se focaliza en lenguas originarias sudamericanas, con mayor detalle en la lengua mocoví (familia Guaycurú) a cuyos datos se accedió en su mayoría de primera mano mediante trabajo directo en territorio durante períodos discontinuos ya través del contacto con hombres y mujeres hablantes nativas.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"lenguas aborígenes"},{"word":"cultura"},{"word":"Gran Chaco"},{"word":"Resistencia Cultural"},{"word":"diversidad lingüística"}],"section":"BODIES, DISCOURSES & DISEASES","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6661667v","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cintia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Carrio","name_suffix":"","institution":"Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral (CONICET-UNL)","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Valentina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jara","name_suffix":"","institution":"Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral (CONICET-UNL)","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-02-07T16:36:24-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-02-07T16:36:24-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:42:57-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37984/galley/28595/download/"}]},{"pk":37983,"title":"Un acercamiento a partir de las categorías de “cuerpo” y “rizoma” en los casos de Cómo me hice monja de César Aira y “Muchacha punk” de Rodolfo Fogwill","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Este artículo se propone un abordaje inicial de los casos de \nCómo me hice monja\n de César Aira y \"Muchacha punk\" de Rodolfo Fogwill a partir de las categorías de \"cuerpo\" de Roland Barthes y \"rizoma\" de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, y Ester Díaz. Se intenta demostrar que estas categorías están relacionadas por la descentralización del sentido que conllevan. El cuerpo se presenta como un problema en los textos literarios seleccionados por la cualidad rizomática, es decir, el cuerpo huye a todo mandato debido a la inestabilidad del lenguaje que lo configura. Esto implica una multiplicidad de opciones para cada lector que se acerca a un texto. Esto supone que cada lector irá abriendo un nuevo camino en su lectura, que es individual y personal, y así construirá su cuerpo textual. Se pretende que estas categorías echen luz a los nuevos textos que se configuran a partir de las diversas lecturas que hacemos de los textos literarios. Estas nuevas lecturas emergen de la fuga del lenguaje que hay en todo texto y habilita a nuevas interpretaciones y nuevos sentidos.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"BODIES IN CULTURE","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w15m0sx","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Gabriela","middle_name":"Carolina","last_name":"Molina","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidad Nacional del Litoral","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Emanuel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Merlo","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidad Nacional del Litoral","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-01-23T09:20:11-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-01-23T09:20:11-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:42:31-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37983/galley/28594/download/"}]},{"pk":37982,"title":"Las enfermedades mentales en la literatura criminal. Análisis de dos casos: \"La virgen en tus ojos\" (2012) y \"La hija del campeón\" (2014) de Florencia Etcheves","subtitle":null,"abstract":"A lo largo de la historia, la locura ha sido representada en la literatura a través de los personajes literarios. Estas representaciones han servido a la medicina psiquiátrica para estudiar los orígenes de las enfermedades mentales y, al mismo tiempo, para moldear y reproducir ciertos imaginarios sociales en torno a la figura de “los locos”. El presente artículo se va a detener en el análisis de esos imaginarios para responder a pregunta de qué sucede cuando el texto literario crea, reproduce y/o instala representaciones sociales \nnegativas\n sobre la figura del paciente psiquiátrico o el banalmente llamado “loco”. Esto se llevará a cabo a través del estudio de dos novelas criminales: \nLa virgen en tus ojos\n (2012) y \nLa hija del campeón \n(2014) de la autora argentina Florencia Etcheves. En ambas ficciones, la configuración de algunos personajes está dada, precisamente, por esos imaginarios con una carga semántica negativa y despectiva.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Literatura criminal"},{"word":"Enfermedad mental"},{"word":"Imaginarios sociales"},{"word":"Florencia Etcheves"}],"section":"BODIES, DISCOURSES & DISEASES","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vc9b4mj","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mariana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oggioni","name_suffix":"","institution":"Università Ca’Foscari Venezia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-01-18T06:14:35-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-01-18T06:14:35-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:42:04-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37982/galley/28593/download/"}]},{"pk":37979,"title":"Corpos de mulheres controlados e (re)construídos em La sed, de Paula Bonet","subtitle":null,"abstract":"O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a transformação dos corpos das personagens da obra \nLa sed\n, da espanhola Paula Bonet, publicada em 2016. As três mulheres da narrativa (Monique, Lupe e Teresa) passam por um percurso que faz com que seus corpos deixem de ser disciplinados” e “controlados” e passem a ser “liberados”. Para analisar tal percurso, além do diálogo com as tipologias de corpos de mulheres de Elódia Xavier, analisarei as metáforas construídas por Bonet sobre a corporalidade, a construção metaficcional do corpo da personagem principal e a presença de órgãos sem corpos. A partir da análise, concluo que Bonet propõe outras relações corporais entre e de mulheres.","language":"pt","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"Paula Bonet"},{"word":"Corpos"},{"word":"Mulheres"},{"word":"reconstrução"}],"section":"BODIES IN CULTURE","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fj4606w","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Leticia","middle_name":"Pilger","last_name":"da Silva","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Paraná","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-12-19T18:29:22-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-12-19T18:29:22-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:41:32-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37979/galley/28592/download/"}]},{"pk":37977,"title":"“Mimimi”, “histeria”, “gripezinha”: imaginários sociodiscursivos da banalização da pandemia no Brasil em discursos presidenciais","subtitle":null,"abstract":"O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as representações sociais convocadas discursivamente pelo presidente do Brasil para tratar a pandemia de covid-19, o vírus e a vacinação. A categoria dos imaginários sociodiscursivos possibilita, teórica e metodologicamente, avançar pela análise das falas presidenciais durante o primeiro ano de pandemia. Primeiramente, seguimos pelas funções sobre vulnerabilidades de modo a entender como ações estatais integram esses processos marcados pelas tensões e conflitos durante a pandemia. Em seguida, refletimos as representações evocadas por Jair Bolsonaro em diferentes discursos sobre o regime pandêmico. Por fim, após os avanços que o movimento anterior proporcionará, entendemos, a partir dos estudos organizacionais, como a atuação governamental impactou o alastramento do vírus pelo Brasil.","language":"pt","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"pandemia"},{"word":"Brasil"},{"word":"imaginários sociodiscursivos"},{"word":"presidente"},{"word":"vulnerabilidades"}],"section":"BODIES, DISCOURSES & DISEASES","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zp1d1rq","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Maurício João","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vieira Filho","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-12-16T18:12:18-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-12-16T18:12:18-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:41:03-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37977/galley/28590/download/"}]},{"pk":37978,"title":"Río, cuerpo, y memoria: un análisis de la representación simbólica de la violencia en tres obras culturales colombianas","subtitle":null,"abstract":"En producciones culturales realizadas durante o después de momentos históricos marcados por la violencia, la manera en que el cuerpo humano es representado nos ayuda a entender cómo se entienden las memorias de la violencia. En el caso de Colombia, un país que ha sufrido un extenso conflicto interno desde los años sesenta, la pregunta por cómo representar la violencia está conectada, en muchos casos, a la representación de otra entidad central en las narrativas y la cotidianidad de los colombianos: el río. Más que una característica geográfica, los ríos de Colombia tienen un rol fundamental en la historia de la violencia del conflicto armado, en especial porque muchas personas fueron desaparecidas en sus corrientes. Para explorar este rol con más profundidad, el presente ensayo examina las relaciones entre los ríos, los cuerpos, y la manera en que las memorias de la violencia son presentadas y entendidas en producciones culturales hechas en diferentes momentos de la historia de Colombia. Nuestro corpus de análisis consiste en la videoinstalación \nTreno (canto fúnebre) \n(2007) de la artista Clemencia Echeverri, la obra de teatro \nCoragyps sapiens\n (2013) de Felipe Vergara Lombana y el documental \nRéquiem NN \n(2013) de Juan Manuel Echavarría. Con el paso de tiempo, las distintas obras retratan la evolución de la representación de los ríos y los cuerpos, y demuestran cómo la gente colombiana se enfrenta a las memorias violentas del conflicto armado.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[],"section":"BODIES IN CULTURE","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q71b029","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Amelia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ino","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Monica","middle_name":"","last_name":"Campbell","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-12-19T16:36:46-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-12-19T16:36:46-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:40:48-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37978/galley/28591/download/"}]},{"pk":37967,"title":"Txon-poesia e seus contributos na ativação da cena cultural contemporânea cabo-verdiana entre 2017 e 2019","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Este artigo pretende apresentar os principais os resultados da monografia intitulada “VIVER POETICAMENTE - Considerações sobre o impacto do txon-poesia 2019”, publicado em 2020. O projeto txon-poesia, mais propriamente, o txon-poesia – Festival Internacional de Poesia e poética em Mindelo, sua principal atividade, tem gerado resultados visíveis e surpreendentes em diferentes níveis, como no aumento da leitura e escrita, no fortalecimento da comunidade, na promoção da inclusão social. Para isso, o projeto mantém uma dimensão pedagógica não-formal e informal, complementada com experimentalismo artístico e literário e visão transdisciplinar, influenciado por autores, desde Paulo Freire a Edgar Morin.","language":"pt","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"poesía"},{"word":"Comunidade"},{"word":"Transdisciplinaridade"}],"section":"BODIES IN CULTURE","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57w758kr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Márcia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brito","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade de Évora","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jair","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pinto","name_suffix":"","institution":"Universidade de Cabo Verde","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-11-15T07:17:09-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-11-15T07:17:09-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:39:28-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37967/galley/28581/download/"}]},{"pk":37966,"title":"¿Cómo arrostrar el pasado? Una propuesta crítica de recuperación de la memoria histórica","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Este artículo pone al descubierto el entramado sistemático del uso de la violencia estatal, desplegado hacia la población civil como cuerpo social, por una parte; y al cuerpo de las víctimas, por otra, a partir de la noción de populismo de Ernesto Laclau. Se exploran las estrategias discursivas, la movilización de afectos y la noción de populismo de Laclau, a través de las cuales la literatura y el cine contemporáneos cuestionan el periodo de la transición española, así como las consecuencias que se desprenden del pacto del olvido producto de la Ley de Amnistía de 1977. Se pretende entender el proceso mediante el cual el cine y la literatura contemporáneas llevan a cabo indagaciones sobre el pasado franquista, con el objetivo de develar la función de la tortura durante el régimen dictatorial. El objetivo específico radica en evidenciar que la novela de Isaac Rosa intitulada \nEl vano ayer\n y el documental de Almudena Carracedo \nEl silencio de otros \nfuncionan como plataformas que apuntan hacia una forma de superación del pasado y de recuperación de la memoria histórica, basada en la búsqueda de justicia y reparación del daño hacia las víctimas.","language":"es","license":{"name":"Copyright","short_name":"Copyright","text":"","url":"https://escholarship.org/terms"},"keywords":[{"word":"cuerpo, tortura, víctima, Populismo, Laclau"}],"section":"BODIES IN CULTURE","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jn6r1s1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Aharon","middle_name":"Edmundo","last_name":"Arvizu Ramirez","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Barbara","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-11-02T17:19:37-04:00","date_accepted":"2021-11-02T17:19:37-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T11:35:14-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/mester/article/37966/galley/28580/download/"}]},{"pk":1207,"title":"CPC-EM Full Text Issue","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"CPC-EM Full-Text Issue","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xm2b5d6","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rubina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rafi","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-15T19:29:51-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-15T19:29:51-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-15T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1207/galley/946/download/"}]},{"pk":39586,"title":"Reality Check on a Purported Global Sand Shortage: Sensationalism Extrapolated from Isolated Occurrences to Global Phenomena","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Since 2013, there has been a proliferation of opinion pieces pertaining to a global shortage of sand. Because of the current volume of such articles, the situation is taken as fact and industries like fiberglass insulation manufacturers are being criticized for exploiting the earth’s dwindling supply of sand. Research has shown that these are sensationalized headlines (rather than actual scientific reporting) and they are proliferating because they benefit author of opinion and social media content. The genesis of the popular sand shortage story can be traced to a 2013 documentary, \nSand Wars\n, and an unintentional foundational basis for the issue derived from a short discussion on international trading and island building in the book, \nSand, The Never-Ending Story\n. Extensive research conducted for this article confirms that there is no general, worldwide shortage of sand; instead, there are only isolated shortages in some areas outside the US. Most importantly, the sand that is the subject of the purported global sand shortage stories is not the same sand (industrial sand) that is used by the fiberglass industry. Finally, that industry’s use of industrial sand has declined over time as it increases the use of recycled glass cullet as a sand substitute.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Global sand shortage"},{"word":"industrial sand"},{"word":"construction aggregate"},{"word":"fiberglass"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09q940zn","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Mark","middle_name":"","last_name":"Krumenacher","name_suffix":"","institution":"GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-02-26T12:47:50-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-02-26T12:47:50-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T21:10:35-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/egj/article/39586/galley/29879/download/"}]},{"pk":58277,"title":"Table of Contents","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n21761t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":".","middle_name":"","last_name":".","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-14T15:23:20-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-14T15:23:20-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:25:29-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58277/galley/44411/download/"}]},{"pk":58276,"title":"Cover","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Credits:\n Layout: LinDa Saphan. Photos by authors. \nTop left\n: Seth Tobocman and Tamara “Tornado” Wyndham, “NYC Story,” 2022. \nMiddle left\n: Amy Zhang, “Colors of Sunset Park” Patterns Identification and Development, 2022. \nMiddle right\n: Sruthi Atmakur-Javdekar, “Across the Bridge,” 2015. \nTop right\n: Angelique Vieira, Untitled, 2021. \nBottom\n: Javier Otero Peña, “Free style Guerrilla Gallery, showing aesthetic empathy,” October 31, 2019. \nBackground\n: Kelly Yu, “Sketch H1”, 2022.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Front Matter","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qq8z50r","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"LinDa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saphan","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-14T15:21:11-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-14T15:21:11-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:24:18-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58276/galley/44410/download/"}]},{"pk":58275,"title":"Identities of Self and Place in Sunset Park: The Unmaking of the Gowanus Expressway","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This project explores the intersecting qualities of place, time, and identity through the work of a graduate design studio at Rice School of Architecture. “Identities of Self and Place in Sunset Park: The Unmaking of the Gowanus Expressway,” challenges students to activate a residual urban space through a broad reading of its surrounding cultural, physical, and programmatic site conditions. The project site, located beneath the Gowanus Expressway in Brooklyn’s Sunset Park, is a typical example of how transportation infrastructure of the past bifurcated communities and sent neighborhoods into decline. Architecture designed through the lens of Place, Time, and People can produce responsive spaces that address historical injustices while allowing for multiple readings and experiences.\nStudents began their research with a design methodology based in both direct and remote observation of the project site. They examined the local conditions and expanded into the surrounding neighborhoods, searching for patterns in the constructed environment that reflected a community ethos, or a shared sense of belonging. Responding to the context, students identified and isolated found patterns that held potential for development as spatial experiences.\nThese exercises became the basis for the design of a community center annex for the Center for Family Life in Sunset Park. Using the spatial patterning developed through their research, the students articulated different facets of their selected patterns to generate a range of spaces and conditions—intimate and communal, private and public, interior and exterior. The designs expressed a cohesive reading of the project that emphasized the experience of shared community within a complex and diverse urban environment.\nImages from the studio’s final projects, including photographs, sketches, renderings, and architectural drawings, will be presented along with the students’ written descriptions to convey their specific design intent and personal methodology within the broader course framework. The products of the studio’s work over the course of the semester show a clear relationship between the methodologies employed and the resultant synthesis of identity, place and structure. The work highlights the possibilities available to designers and architects in working to transform aging infrastructure into spaces of social interaction and community.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bk2p4j0","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Yen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ha","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University; Front Studio","department":""},{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Phillips","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Clifton","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cook","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Anna","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fritz","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Jessica","middle_name":"","last_name":"LaBarbera","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kim","middle_name":"","last_name":"McGlone","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Henry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Talbi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Rita","middle_name":"","last_name":"Xiong","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Kelly","middle_name":"","last_name":"Yu","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""},{"first_name":"Amy","middle_name":"","last_name":"Zhang","name_suffix":"","institution":"Rice University","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T09:57:02-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T09:57:02-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:08:48-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58275/galley/44409/download/"}]},{"pk":58274,"title":"New York City Story","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This comic strip is my response to hearing that mayor Eric Adams has called for an 6% rent increase for New York Cities’ rent stabilized tenants. The rent stabilization laws protect a large number of NYC tenants by limiting the size of rent increases a landlord can charge on the renewal of a lease. In recent years those increases were about 1% or 2%, but the new mayor has proposed 6%, a significant escalation.\nMany justifications have been advanced for this increase. The rising cost of gas. The fact that the previous administration kept rent increases to a minimum. The two-year moratorium on evictions during COVID. I felt that the only way to explain how devastating this reversal in policy was going to be, was to present the overall trajectory of the housing situation in NYC, not over years, but decades.\nWhen I came to NYC in the 1970s it was pretty easy to find an affordable place to live, even if you were poor. It was a city where someone could start at the bottom and work their way up. This is not true anymore. Many longtime residents have been forced to leave, and many young people, starting out, are locked out of this city.\nThis transition did not happen easily. It involved violent clashes, evictions, demolitions and riots. I have often compared this to a war. This was a traumatic and injurious process. To increase rents further at the end of such a process, is to ‘add insult to injury. to “pour salt in our wounds”. At a time when people really need healing and compensation for their losses, they are instead suffering further abuse. I think that, when viewed in the proper historical context, the policies of the Adams administration appear to be quite reactionary and at odds with the lived experience of many New Yorkers. We should not stand for this. We deserve better.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jz1k11g","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Seth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tobocman","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""},{"first_name":"Tamara","middle_name":"\"Tornado\"","last_name":"Wyndham","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T09:27:28-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T09:27:28-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:08:01-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58274/galley/44408/download/"}]},{"pk":58266,"title":"The Guerrilla Gallery: A Rapid Ethnography about a Collaborative Public Art Installation in East Harlem","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the heart of East Harlem, New York City, a collective of artists called the Harlem Art Collective created the “Guerrilla Gallery”: A collaborative public art installation on a construction fence, to give residents a place to express themselves through art and messages. While East Harlem is characterized by murals depicting Puerto Rican flags and political causes, these symbols were absent in the Guerrilla Gallery, which instead exhibited predominantly Mexican cultural and political symbols. Was a territorial contestation taking place through art, a sort of identity negotiation to determine who “belongs” in the neighborhood? (Zukin, 1995) This article presents an ethnographic and photographic narrative of the Guerrilla Gallery and what it means to the people who live in the neighborhood. Using rapid ethnographic assessment procedures (Low et al., 2005), coupled with photographic cartography (Ulmer, 2017), this study presents the findings of interviews and the Guerrilla Gallery. The analysis revealed that, although there were instances of aesthetic conflict occurring in the gallery, these were not exclusively related to national cultures; gender and racial conflicts were also observed. Strong expressions of aesthetic empathy were also identified in the artwork. The Guerrilla Gallery became a meaningful space for the community in East Harlem, who not only appreciated it because of its aesthetic value and the possibility of expression it offers, but also because residents were able to connect with their roots, strengthen their local identity and pride, express empathy and solidarity with other social groups in the neighborhood or in faraway places, and resist changes or policies that affected their everyday lives.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Public space"},{"word":"aesthetic conflict"},{"word":"rapid ethnographic assessment procedure (REAP)"},{"word":"aesthetic empathy"},{"word":"Murals"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7911262j","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Javier","middle_name":"Eduardo","last_name":"Otero Peña","name_suffix":"","institution":"Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-05-02T01:27:27-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-05-02T01:27:27-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:07:15-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58266/galley/44402/download/"}]},{"pk":58267,"title":"Playing Chess in Public: Recreational Traditions in a Time of Crisis","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Based upon a series of ethnographic vignettes, interviews, participant observation, and archival research, this article profiles public chess playing in Greenwich Village, New York City. I focus upon the famed public spaces for chess players like Washington Square Park and Union Square, and the atmosphere of anxiety and unrest due to the Covid-19 Pandemic and systemic racism surrounding the protests of the summer of 2020. The long artistic and revolutionary history of Greenwich Village provides an intriguing context for public chess playing and the informal economy of hustling. As the majority of the chess enthusiasts and table hosts are African American men and, given the metaphoric explanations of “chess as life,” sociopolitical context is critical. In particular, political artistic displays and protests against police violence and systemic racism are no mere backdrop for chess playing, but intimately felt and entangled within the sense of place and public participation in downtown Manhattan.\nAs New York City, during 2020 and throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic era, faced multiple crises along with their sociopolitical responses; iconic staples of Greenwich Village life embodied by the area’s chess enthusiasts persist. In order to illuminate the everyday life of chess playing in public, I focus on two players: Mr. Black in Washington Square Park and Alfred in Union Square. These ethnographic vignettes reveal downtown chess playing as an activity inseparable from its urban context – uniquely and importantly a New Yorkers’ pastime and entangled within the socioeconomic, political, and artistic landscapes that color downtown New York City.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Public space"},{"word":"Chess"},{"word":"Systemic racism"},{"word":"New York City"},{"word":"Covid-19 Pandemic era"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w38g223","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Clate","middle_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Korsant","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Florida","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-05-18T01:28:51-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-05-18T01:28:51-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:06:19-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58267/galley/44403/download/"}]},{"pk":58255,"title":"Buzzing Calligraffiti","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This series of artworks explore the human perceptions of space, presence, belonging, communication, movement, resilience, and regrowth during the ongoing pandemic in New York City. In a dynamic spatial ontology, past-present-future palimpsests exist as our spatiotemporal perception of reality. Current pandemic trapped humans (including myself) in situ, and, in a way, recontextualized human social spatiability and psychogeographic perception of space, adding layers of introspection. During lockdowns, as the only means to communicate with other people was via digital technologies, entire life (work, school, religious service, exercising, entertainment, socializing, dating, etc.) moved online. This new spatiotemporal reality emerged as a form of resilience and solidarity in the time of crisis. New York City, the city that never sleeps, started to buzz again. In a dance between the real and the imaginary, the transient and the permanent, on and off screen, the virtual and the real, online and in-person, between here and there, appears the space in between, populated with traces, imprints, voices of the voiceless, and opportunities for regrowth. This newly created mashwork inspired my painting series “Buzzing Calligraffiti” where multiple realities, spaces, cultures, and points of view coexist in a buzzing harmony. These paintings (painted with natural and manmade pigments - acai juice, ink, color pencils, and blue watercolor) are a bridge between cultures, aesthetics, and points of view (calligraphy and graffiti), as well as a bridge between nature and the city. The work represents a unity in difference - at the same time a cultural unity and a unity where non-human and human nature coexist in harmony.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"calligraffiti"},{"word":"painting"},{"word":"natural pigments"},{"word":"cultural bridge"},{"word":"coexistence"},{"word":"New York City"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rv133kf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Milena - Nena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Popov","name_suffix":"","institution":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-01-30T21:46:24-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-01-30T21:46:24-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:05:30-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58255/galley/44396/download/"}]},{"pk":58273,"title":"Outdoor Dining and the Transformation of Public Space in New York City","subtitle":null,"abstract":"New York City’s streetscapes have undergone a dramatic transformation as a result of the city’s Open Restaurants program. Established in June of 2020 to uplift the restaurant industry out of economic turmoil brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the program led to outdoor dining structures sprouting across the urban landscape. Due to its overall success, the city is currently preparing to launch a permanent program, which has led to conflicts between some of the city’s stakeholders as the space used for outdoor dining overlaps with public spaces such as sidewalks and streets. Drawing from urban planning and environmental psychology students’ research projects, this paper explores the ways in which outdoor dining has transformed public space in New York City using Lefebvre’s spatial theory as a guide. Over the course of a semester, students analyzed city blocks in the Bronx and Manhattan using multiple methods including historical analysis of block changes and field observations. Analysis of 45 open restaurants across 15 city blocks suggests the following: the increase in outdoor dining structures is widespread; there is high variability in outdoor dining structural design and aesthetics regardless of neighborhood median income; and impacts on mobility and accessibility warrant further research. In discussing these findings we consider the ways in which outdoor dining space is socially produced through conceived, perceived, and lived space to better understand the current state of affairs and reveal the dialectic of urban life. Lefebvre’s spatial triad is a useful tool for socio-spatial analysis on this scale; its relational structure affords the opportunity to consider conflicts as generative moments that can lead to a reimagining of public space that is more equitable, accessible, and participatory.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Lefebvre"},{"word":"spatial theory"},{"word":"Urban planning"},{"word":"environmental psychology"},{"word":"open restaurants"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rw3811t","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"LinDa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saphan","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Pipitone","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""},{"first_name":"Emily","middle_name":"","last_name":"Perez-Garcia","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""},{"first_name":"Angelique","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vieira","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""},{"first_name":"Rossalba","middle_name":"","last_name":"Francisco","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T09:06:21-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T09:06:21-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:04:01-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58273/galley/44407/download/"}]},{"pk":58272,"title":"Tree with Moons","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The sculpture began with wanting to process grief. One of my brothers passed away in his sleep (unrelated to Covid) in 2020 after pandemic travel restrictions made it impossible to gather for a funeral. Over the course of my making, which is process-based – an intuitive approach to materials and methods – the form evolved into a tree with three moons. The tree is a cross-cultural symbol of loss and renewal. Each month we can observe, too, the moon appearing and disappearing from view, a metaphor for the ephemeral nature of existence.\nThe mind struggles to accept the notion of death as inevitable, coming to all. The Vietnamese Zen monk, Thich Nhat Hanh, has written that when we are alive, we are part of the sky, the earth, the clouds. When we pass, we continue to be part of everything. I look up into the trees and the sky and know the spirit of my mother, my father, and my brother continue. \nPoetry has always been an informing influence in my studio production. In the process of welding Tree with Moons, installed in Maker Park, Staten Island on October, 2021 (through April 2022), I communed with the poetry of Joy Harjo, Emily Dickinson, and Anne Waldman among others. \nMaker Park is an abandoned lot at the corner of Front and Thompson Streets that has been transformed from an abandoned lot strewn with burnt-out cars into a sculpture and community park that hosts poetry readings, yoga, raku workshops, Maker Park Radio, Shakespeare theater and a small apiary of beehives in addition to a yearly sculpture exhibition supported in part by the NYC Department of Cultural Affairs.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n19x7z3","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Catherine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cullen","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T08:59:29-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T08:59:29-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:03:08-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58272/galley/44406/download/"}]},{"pk":58271,"title":"A Daily Practice in Memories of a Lived Experience: Bridging Pune and New York City","subtitle":null,"abstract":"What happens when the present (perceived or real space) is ‘conceived’ (as artwork) from memories of a lived experience?\nAccording to Lefebvre, ‘representational space’ is space as directly (or lived) experienced by users through “associated images and symbols” (p. 39); one that is passively experienced or felt – “a space which the imagination seeks to change and appropriate” (1974/1991, p. 39).\nLike New York City and perhaps other cities in urban India, Pune has been experiencing rapid transformation where the urban landscape is dotted with high-rise developments in residential, industrial, institutional and commercial sectors. However, Pune has a unique urban landscape given its geographical locational advantage of being nestled in the rich and biologically diverse Sahyadri mountain range or the Western Ghats. As a result, the city boasts of small hills that are marked by urban planners, technocrats, and those in power as bio-diverse areas - spaces where no urban transformation may be permitted. This leads to a type of development that constantly struggles between accommodating the demands of the influx of migrants from other towns and cities and Pune’s natural landscape.\nIn this context of urban transformation of Pune city and my personal journey of moving from New York City to Pune in 2013, I use painting as a medium to unpack my decade long personal journey of change. In total, there are five artworks, where each piece reflects ‘representational space’– i.e., space as directly experienced by me using vivid colors and abstract shapes.\nThe five paintings are chronologically positioned based on the year of completion. As a result, when viewed in order, the artworks tell a story of change – of crossing over (the bridge) from a life of a graduate student /researcher /lecturer in New York City to a life of a PhD scholar/ mother/ wife/ daughter/ working professional in Pune city. Through each art piece, I lean into the theme of ‘urban nature’ to share my subjective experiences. When you look closer, each art piece, much like Pune’s demanding urban landscape, represents a story of change, challenge, acceptance, and resistance.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"urban nature"},{"word":"Landscape"},{"word":"painting"},{"word":"representational space"},{"word":"Lefebvre"},{"word":"art"},{"word":"New York City"},{"word":"Pune"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q3556pw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sruthi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Atmakur-Javdekar","name_suffix":"","institution":"GRIT: environmental design + research studio","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T08:56:29-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T08:56:29-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:02:15-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58271/galley/44405/download/"}]},{"pk":58253,"title":"Being-with-ears: How Christian Benning Opened my Ears to the Soundscapes of New York City and Beyond","subtitle":null,"abstract":"This writing explores the phenomenology of everyday urban sounds, some generic, others more place specific sounds to New York, or particular places within New York with samplings from Manhattan, the Queensboro Bridge and Queens. It takes the perspective of a walker and Environmental Psychologist, a commuter on the way to work. The experience was inspired and made possible by a recital by multi-percussionist Christian Benning that introduced listeners to different sounds and music. In this writing “New York City in transformation” refers to the transformation of sounds via the experience of walking, and the transformation experienced through a newfound aesthetic and meaning to sounds as my ears had been opened: everyday sounds that previously escaped my attention, sounds that I have taken for granted, or considered as a nuisance, have transformed from noise to sound (from \nKrach\n \nto \nKlang\n). Being-with-ears can be a way of being more present and taking more delight by being attuned to the sounds and potential songs of one’s everyday environment.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"Sound, Music, Walking, Being"}],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ws0z8mf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Tomoaki","middle_name":"D.","last_name":"Imamichi","name_suffix":"","institution":"City University of New York","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-01-23T10:36:32-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-01-23T10:36:32-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:01:19-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58253/galley/44395/download/"}]},{"pk":58270,"title":"Introduction: New York City in Transformation","subtitle":null,"abstract":"The editors of \nStreetnotes\n 29: New York City in Transformation provide an introduction to the issue and its content.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[],"section":"Articles","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m72x15c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"LinDa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Saphan","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Pipitone","name_suffix":"","institution":"College of Mount Saint Vincent","department":""}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-06T08:40:37-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-06T08:40:37-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-14T15:00:16-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/streetnotes/article/58270/galley/44404/download/"}]},{"pk":1206,"title":"Cells Gone Wild: A Case Report on Missed Acute Leukemia and Subsequent Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in the Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Emergency physicians must maintain a broad differential when seeing patients in the emergency department (ED). Occasionally, a patient may have an undiagnosed, life-threatening medical condition not related to the presenting chief complaint. It is imperative to review all ordered laboratory tests and any available previous laboratory values to assess for any abnormalities that may warrant further evaluation.\nCase Report:\n This case report is regarding the missed diagnosis of acute leukemia and subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation in a 27-year-old male who presented to multiple EDs with the unrelated chief complaint of finger ring entrapment. This patient ultimately succumbed to his illness.\nConclusion:\n When evaluating patients in the ED, it is important to review any prior available test results for abnormalities, even if the results do not specifically correlate with the chief complaint. Emergency physicians must remain vigilant to avoid missing a critical diagnosis.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"case report"},{"word":"acute leukemia"},{"word":"hyperleukocytosis"},{"word":"disseminated intravascular coagulation"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72w597kv","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Onyinyechukwu","middle_name":"","last_name":"Okorji","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jefferson Health - Northeast, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rachel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kern","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jefferson Health - Northeast, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shaylor","middle_name":"","last_name":"Klein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jefferson Health - Northeast, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jordan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jefferson Health - Northeast, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kuljit","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kaur","name_suffix":"","institution":"Jefferson Health - Northeast, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-11T16:03:55-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-11T16:03:55-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-11T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1206/galley/945/download/"}]},{"pk":16240,"title":"ELECTRONIC SCREENING FOR ADOLESCENT RISK BEHAVIORS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL","subtitle":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\nIntroduction\nThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of risk behaviors and the impact of electronic risk behavior screening with personalized feedback among adolescents seeking care in the emergency department (ED).\nMethods\nRandomized control trial of tablet-based screening and feedback among adolescents presenting to the ED. Intervention youth received screening with individualized feedback. Control youth completed risk behavior screening only. All participants received 3-month online follow up surveys re-assessing health behaviors.\nResults\n296 subjects were enrolled and randomized. Approximately half were female (52.4%) and half white (54.4%) with a mean age of 15.4 years. The response rate at 3-month follow-up was 70.6%. The most frequently reported risk behaviors were those negatively impacting long-term health: sleeping less than 8 hours per night (142/296=48%), drinking more than 2 sugary drinks per day (99/296=33.4%) and getting less than 3 days of physical activity per week (96/296=32.4%). The prevalence of high-risk behaviors with more immediate health consequences were depression (92/296 =31.1%); high alcohol (47/296=15.9%) or marijuana use (55/296=18.6%); texting when driving (41/296=13.8%) and inconsistent birth control or condom use (42/296=14.2%). There was no significant difference between groups in risk behavior changes from baseline to 3 months.\nConclusions\nWhile risk behavior prevalence was high in this population, electronic personalized feedback alone was insufficient to induce change in behaviors. More research is warranted to understand the best strategies for reducing risk among youth presenting to the ED.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Adolescent Screening, Teen Screening, Adolescent Behavior, Risky Behavior, Behavior Screening"}],"section":"Injury Prevention and Population Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2t09p75k","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Siobhan","middle_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Thomas-Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington \nSeattle Children's Hospital","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eileen","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Klein","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Hospital","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Bonnie","middle_name":"","last_name":"Strelitz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jennifer","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jensen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Parker","name_suffix":"","institution":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Laura","middle_name":"","last_name":"Richardson","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Hospital","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Carolyn","middle_name":"A","last_name":"McCarty","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine/Seattle Children’s Hospital","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Taraneh","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shafii","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine/Seattle Children's Hospital","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-12-22T16:17:10-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-12-22T16:17:10-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-10T19:55:10-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16240/galley/8150/download/"}]},{"pk":17636,"title":"WestJEM Full Text Issue","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"WestJEM Full-Text Issue","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ds9c77z","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jordan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lam","name_suffix":"","institution":"UC Irvine","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-07T17:09:42-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-07T17:09:42-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-10T19:17:26-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17636/galley/9000/download/"}]},{"pk":5615,"title":"Human Vocal Commands Verify Audio Discrimination Ability in the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus","subtitle":null,"abstract":"We report results of experiments using human vocal commands to investigate how well a Steller sea lion (\nEumetopias jubatus\n)\n \ncan discriminate different sounds. The participant, Hama, a 12-year-old female at Kinosaki Marine World, Japan, was raised by four trainers. We investigate Hama’s ability to discriminate 10 vocal commands (e.g. Iya-iya, Okay etc.) used in daily performances in two experiments: 1, commands given directly to the sea lion by trainers, but out of her sight; and 2, vocal commands given to the sea lion by trainers, but using recorded commands over a loudspeaker. In the experiment 1, Hama was able to discriminate all 10 commands, but her accuracy to discriminate one command was significantly lower than others (p < .05). In the experiment 2, Hama was able to discriminate all but one command; accuracy rates among commands were variable, but the accuracy rate for one was significantly lower than the others, and those for three commands were significantly higher than others(p < .05). These experiments demonstrate that Hama can discriminate most commands based on their acoustic properties, regardless of which of four trainers spoke them out of her sight or if they were relayed from a recording. This ability suggest that the Steller sea lion \nE. jubatus\n might use sound for their own complex communication.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"acoustic signal, cognition, Eumetopias jubatus, pinniped, Steller sea lion, training"}],"section":"Research Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fs4b6ht","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Masahiro","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sasaki","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kinosaki Marine World","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Miyui","middle_name":"","last_name":"Chiba","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kinosaki Marine World","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eri","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ito","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kinosaki Marine World","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kazuki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tsutsumi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kinosaki Marine World","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Koichi","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ito","name_suffix":"","institution":"Kinosaki Marine World","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Tomoki","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sunobe","name_suffix":"","institution":"Laboratory of Fish Behavioral Ecology, Tateyama Station, Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-07-17T10:44:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-07-17T10:44:36-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-10T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5615/galley/3394/download/"}]},{"pk":17632,"title":"This Article Corrects: “Ileocecal Intussusception in the Adult Population: Case Series of Two Patients”","subtitle":null,"abstract":"n/a","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[],"section":"Erratum","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jw1x976","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Deena","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ibrahim","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Patel","name_suffix":"","institution":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Malkeet","middle_name":"","last_name":"Gupta","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine, Westwood, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"J Christian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Fox","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Shahram","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lotfipour","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-07T12:05:18-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-07T12:05:18-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-07T12:06:09-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/17632/galley/8997/download/"}]},{"pk":1205,"title":"Consideration of Acute Porphyria in an Emergency Department Patient: A Case Report and Discussion of Common Pitfalls","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nPorphyria refers to a group of disorders associated with defects in heme synthesis. They can be associated with severely debilitating features, including abdominal pain, psychiatric symptoms, neurological defects, and cardiovascular irregularities. Although these diseases are rare, patients with attacks often do present to the emergency department (ED) where consideration of porphyria is generally not included in the differential.\nCase Report:\n Here, we examine a case of a 16-year-old male who presented to our ED for evaluation of recurring abdominal pain and auditory hallucinations in which porphyria was considered by the emergency physician.\nDiscussion:\n Not considering acute porphyria in patients with recurring neurovisceral symptoms in the ED can lead to missed opportunities for diagnosing such pathologies.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"acute hepatic porphyria"},{"word":"porphobilinogen"},{"word":"aminolevulinic acid"},{"word":"recurring abdominal pain"},{"word":"case report"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/986993tm","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anthony","middle_name":"","last_name":"Rios","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tennessee, Department of Biochemistry, Knoxville, Tennessee","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kehrberg","name_suffix":"","institution":"Family Medicine, Lincolnshire, Illinois","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Hillary","middle_name":"E.","last_name":"Davis","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Tennessee Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-07T18:46:44-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-07T18:46:44-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-07T03:00:00-05:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1205/galley/944/download/"}]},{"pk":1203,"title":"Acute Brachial Artery Occlusion on Point-of-care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department: A Case Report","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nThis is a case report of an acute right brachial artery occlusion found on point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department (ED) that illustrates the developing role of ultrasound in rapid differentiation and identification of acute vascular emergencies.\nCase Report: \nAn 87-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery bypass graft presented to the ED with acute right upper extremity pain, with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) findings consistent with acute right brachial artery occlusion.\nConclusion:\n Arterial occlusions are vascular emergencies that can be rapidly identified on POCUS.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"case report"},{"word":"brachial artery occlusion"},{"word":"point-of-care ultrasound"},{"word":"vascular ultrasound"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70b53194","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Anisa","middle_name":"Y.","last_name":"Mughal","name_suffix":"","institution":"Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Patrick","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kishi","name_suffix":"","institution":"Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-05T16:58:34-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-05T16:58:34-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-05T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1203/galley/942/download/"}]},{"pk":7181,"title":"Review of The Mysteries of Bilingualism: Unresolved Issues by François Grosjean","subtitle":null,"abstract":"In the science of language, as in all of its sister disciplines, a mystery is an empirical question yet to be resolved. The research problems surveyed in this book offer students of bilingualism and second language learning a guide for designing their own research program, one that keeps an eye on the pending questions. Practitioners will be well served by the review of recent work that updates ongoing projects from years past.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"bilingualism"},{"word":"Second Language Learning, Language and Cognition"}],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":false,"remote_url":null,"frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Norbert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Francis","name_suffix":"","institution":"Northern Arizona University","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-09-11T18:33:16-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-09-11T18:33:16-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-05T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[]},{"pk":1204,"title":"Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Emergency Department for Abdominal Malignancy Pain: A Case Report","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Severe breakthrough pain is a common occurrence in patients with cancer and is responsible for thousands of emergency department (ED) visits each year. While opioids are the current mainstay of treatment, they have multiple limitations including inadequate control for a quarter of patients with cancer. The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been used in the ED to effectively treat pain for pathologies such as acute pancreatitis, since it provides somatic and visceral analgesia.\nCase Report:\n In this case report we describe the use of an ESPB to treat breakthrough pain safely and effectively in a 54-year-old female with a history of metastatic colon cancer.\nConclusion:\n The ESPB may have utility in addressing well documented disparities in pain treatment in the ED, but additional research is needed to understand side effects, duration of pain control, and clinical outcomes of the ESPB.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound-guided nerve block"},{"word":"erector spinae plane block, breakthrough pain, cancer pain"},{"word":"case report"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kr9m8f8","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Henry","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ashworth","name_suffix":"","institution":"Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nOakland, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Sanders","name_suffix":"","institution":"Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nOakland, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Daniel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Mantuani","name_suffix":"","institution":"Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nOakland, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Arun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nagdev","name_suffix":"","institution":"Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine,\nOakland, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-05T17:05:58-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-05T17:05:58-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-05T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1204/galley/943/download/"}]},{"pk":45581,"title":"Central Sleep Apnea Caused by Ticagrelor","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qt0k8vw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Camelia","middle_name":"","last_name":"Davtyan","name_suffix":"MD, FACP","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Karen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cheng","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:36:05-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45581/galley/34367/download/"}]},{"pk":45580,"title":"Endocrinopathies Associated with Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report and Literature Review","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zz9049c","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Karissa","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Wang","name_suffix":"BS1","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Dina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kamel","name_suffix":"MD2","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:35:16-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45580/galley/34365/download/"}]},{"pk":45578,"title":"An Unusual Cause of Periorbital Edema: IgG4-Related Disease","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14h4n333","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Sarah","middle_name":"C.","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Noah","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ravenborg","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:34:12-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45578/galley/34364/download/"}]},{"pk":45577,"title":"Bach’s Well-Tempered Prescription for Hypertension","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r3474tt","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Ramin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Tabibiazar","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Arnav","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dave","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Eve","middle_name":"M.","last_name":"Glazier","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:33:03-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45577/galley/34363/download/"}]},{"pk":45576,"title":"Hospital Care of the Homeless Patient: A Case Report and Discussion","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7td4s9w1","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Nathan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Cox","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Anjani","middle_name":"","last_name":"Reddy","name_suffix":"MD, MSHS","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:31:16-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45576/galley/34362/download/"}]},{"pk":45575,"title":"Guillain-Barré Syndrome Variant","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4417r22b","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Christine","middle_name":"","last_name":"Bishop","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Sina","middle_name":"","last_name":"Shafiei","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:30:08-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45575/galley/34361/download/"}]},{"pk":45574,"title":"Systemic Latrodectism: A Venomous Encounter","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kz0q8rd","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Chelsea","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pan","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"McCullough","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:28:39-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45574/galley/34360/download/"}]},{"pk":45527,"title":"Shortness of Breath: Initial Presentation of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia","subtitle":null,"abstract":"","language":"eng","license":{"name":"","short_name":"","text":null,"url":""},"keywords":[{"word":"Clinical Vignette"}],"section":"Article","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r632190","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Rahul","middle_name":"","last_name":"Vasavada","name_suffix":"MD","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"},{"first_name":"Rasha","middle_name":"","last_name":"Ahmed","name_suffix":"DO","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","department":"Medicine"}],"date_submitted":null,"date_accepted":null,"date_published":"2022-11-04T14:25:21-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"PDF","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/45527/galley/34313/download/"}]},{"pk":1202,"title":"Absent Pulmonary Artery Presenting as High-altitude Pulmonary Edema","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Case Presentation:\n A 22-year-old male with no known past medical history presented to our emergency department complaining of difficulty breathing. A plain film chest radiograph revealed findings consistent with a tension pneumothorax.\nDiscussion: \nHowever, due to physical examination findings inconsistent with the imaging report, a computed tomography of the chest was ordered which revealed an absent right pulmonary artery.The patient was ultimately treated for high altitude pulmonary edema and discharged on nifedipine and supplementary oxygen.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"absent pulmonary artery"},{"word":"high altitude pulmonary edema"},{"word":"environmental emergencies"},{"word":"shortness of breath"},{"word":"Dyspnea"}],"section":"Images in Emergency Medicine","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76k180hp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Douglas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dillon","name_suffix":"","institution":"Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, Park City, Utah","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Austin","middle_name":"T.","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, Park City, Utah","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-04T14:58:17-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-04T14:58:17-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-04T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1202/galley/941/download/"}]},{"pk":1196,"title":"Acute Isolated Thenar Compartment Syndrome in a Patient with Evans Syndrome: A Case Report","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Acute compartment syndrome of the hand is a rare medical emergency, most often associated with trauma or fracture.\nCase Report:\n Here, we describe a rare case of isolated thenar compartment syndrome of the hand in the absence of major trauma as the presenting symptom of pancytopenia due to Evans syndrome, an uncommon autoimmune hematologic disorder.\nConclusion:\n In cases of atraumatic compartment syndrome, it is critical to evaluate for underlying coagulopathy in patients presenting to the emergency department.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"case report, atraumatic compartment syndrome, Evans syndrome, hand compartment syndrome"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2n4017hp","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Elisabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Jiang","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Residency, Farmington, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kevin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kim","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hand Surgery Fellowship, Farmington, Connecticut","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Alan","middle_name":"","last_name":"Babigian","name_suffix":"","institution":"Hartford Hospital, Department of Hand Surgery, Hartford, Connecticut","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-10-12T18:57:53-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-10-12T18:57:53-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-04T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1196/galley/935/download/"}]},{"pk":1199,"title":"Diaphragmatic Excursion as a Novel Objective Measure of Serratus Anterior Plane Block Efficacy: A Case Series","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Pain scales are often used in peripheral nerve block studies but are problematic due to their subjective nature. Ultrasound-measured diaphragmatic excursion is an easily learned technique that could provide a much-needed objective measure of pain control over time with serial measurements.\nCase Series:\n We describe three cases where diaphragmatic excursion was used as an objective measure of decreased pain and improved respiratory function after serratus anterior plane block in emergency department patients with anterior or lateral rib fractures.\nConclusion:\n Diaphragmatic excursion may be an ideal alternative to pain scores to evaluate serratus anterior plane block efficacy. More data will be needed to determine whether this technique can be applied to other ultrasound-guided nerve blocks.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"ultrasound"},{"word":"diaphragmatic excursion"},{"word":"nerve block"},{"word":"pain scale"},{"word":"case report"}],"section":"Case Series","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hp014f9","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Brian","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lentz","name_suffix":"","institution":"Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sigmund","middle_name":"","last_name":"Kharasch","name_suffix":"","institution":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Andrew","middle_name":"J","last_name":"Goldsmith","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Joseph","middle_name":"","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Colorado, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicole","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Duggan","name_suffix":"","institution":"Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Arun","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nagdev","name_suffix":"","institution":"Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-04T14:31:27-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-04T14:31:27-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-04T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1199/galley/938/download/"}]},{"pk":1201,"title":"Life-Threatening Complications Associated with Bladder Decompression: A Case Report","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n The clinical course of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with urinary retention is usually uneventful. In this case, we explore the life-threatening complications of urinary retention and bladder decompression.\nCase Report: \nWe report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented to the ED with difficulty voiding. A urinary catheter was placed. The patient had severe post-obstructive diuresis. He developed hematuria and became hypotensive. After aggressive resuscitation, including blood products, the patient required operative intervention for hemorrhage control.\nConclusion:\n Clinicians should be aware of and be able to manage the rare but life-threatening complications associated with urinary retention.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"urinary retention"},{"word":"bladder decompression"},{"word":"hematuria"},{"word":"hypotension"},{"word":"case report"}],"section":"Case Reports","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xh2j0wf","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Barry","middle_name":"J.","last_name":"Knapp","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Lauren","middle_name":"","last_name":"Apgar","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Kirstin","middle_name":"","last_name":"Pennell","name_suffix":"","institution":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-04T14:51:36-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-04T14:51:36-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-04T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/1201/galley/940/download/"}]},{"pk":7184,"title":"The Mysteries of Bilingualism: Unresolved Issues by François Grosjean","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Book review.","language":"en","license":null,"keywords":[{"word":"bilingualism"}],"section":"Book Reviews","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5w57w66x","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Norbert","middle_name":"","last_name":"Francis","name_suffix":"","institution":"","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-11-02T12:49:05-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-11-02T12:49:05-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-02T03:00:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ial/article/7184/galley/4304/download/"}]},{"pk":16719,"title":"Unexpected ICU Transfer and Mortality in COVID-19 Related to Hospital Volume","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \nCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) illness continues to affect national and global hospital systems, with a particularly high burden to intensive care unit (ICU) beds and resources. It is critical to identify patients who initially do not require ICU resources, but subsequently rapidly deteriorate. We investigated patient populations during COVID-19 at times of full or near full (surge) and non-full (non-surge) hospital capacity to determine the effect on those who may need a higher level of care or deteriorate quickly defined as requiring a transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission to a non-ICU level of care and provide further knowledge on this high-risk group of patients. \n \nMethods: \nThis was a retrospective cohort study of a single health system comprising four emergency departments and three tertiary hospitals in New York, New York across two different time periods (during surge and non-surge inpatient volume times during the COVID-19 pandemic). The electronic health record was queried for all patients admitted to a non-ICU setting with unexpected ICU transfer (UIT) within 24 hours of admission. A comparison between adult patients with confirmed coronavirus 2019 and without was made during surge and non-surge time periods.\n \nResults: \nDuring the surge time period, there was a total of 86 UITs in a one month period. Of those 60 were COVID positive patients who had a mortality rate of 63.3% and 26 were COVID negative with a 30.8 % mortality rate. During the non-surge time period, there was a total of 112 UITs, of those 24 were COVID positive with a 37.5% mortality rate and 90 were COVID negative with a 11.1% mortality rate. \n \nConclusion: \nDuring surge, the mortality rate for both COVID positive and COVID negative patients experiencing an unexpected ICU transfer is significantly higher.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"COVID-19, Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Patient Transfer"},{"word":"Hospital Volume"}],"section":"Endemic Infections","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zp5m0kw","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Cassidy","middle_name":"M","last_name":"Dahn","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Critical Care, New York, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sana","middle_name":"","last_name":"Maheshwari","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Danielle","middle_name":"","last_name":"Stansky","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York.","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Silas","middle_name":"","last_name":"Smith","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, New York, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"David","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, New York","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-04-05T13:45:53-04:00","date_accepted":"2022-04-05T13:45:53-04:00","date_published":"2022-11-01T23:15:40-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16719/galley/8464/download/"}]},{"pk":16458,"title":"Impacts of the Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health in an Academic Emergency Department","subtitle":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\nIntroduction.\n The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant disruptions in daily life. Given the role that social determinants of health play in the overall well-being of individuals and populations, we wanted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our patient population in the emergency department (ED). \n \nMethods:\n We adapted the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services social risk assessment to assess changes to participants’ social situations throughout the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020–February 2021. The survey was administered within the ED to individuals selected by a convenience sample of patients who were stable enough to complete the form. \n \nResults:\n We received 200 (66%) responses from the 305 patients approached. Worsened food access was reported by 8.5% (17) of respondents, while 13.6% (27) reported worsened food concern since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of worsened food access were higher among non-Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 19.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33-110.53) and females (aOR 9.77, CI 1.51-63.44). Non-Whites had greater odds of worsened food concern (aOR 15.31, CI 3.94-59.54). Worsened financial difficulty was reported by 24% (48) of respondents. The odds of worsened financial difficulty were higher among females (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.08-7.65) and non-Whites (aOR 10.53, CI 2.75-40.35).\n \nConclusion:\n The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened many of the social determinants of health found within communities. Moreover, vulnerable communities were found to be disproportionately affected as compared to their counterparts. Understanding the challenges faced by our patient populations can serve as a guide on how to assist them more comprehensively.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Social determinants of health, disparities, emergency department"}],"section":"Health Equity","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50b7h3wr","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Shannon","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Findlay","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Uche","middle_name":"","last_name":"Okoro","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Sangil","middle_name":"","last_name":"Lee","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Karisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Harland","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Marisa","middle_name":"","last_name":"Evens","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_name":"","last_name":"Dang","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"","last_name":"McCormick","name_suffix":"","institution":"The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Chris","middle_name":"","last_name":"Buresh","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Washington, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-01-16T15:11:41-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-01-16T15:11:41-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-01T23:09:00-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16458/galley/8331/download/"}]},{"pk":16122,"title":"Time to Renitrogenation After Maximal Denitrogenation in Healthy Volunteers in the Supine and Sitting Positions","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Prior to intubation, preoxygenation is performed to denitrogenate the lungs and create an oxygen reservoir. After oxygen is removed, it is unclear whether renitrogenation after preoxygenation occurs faster in the supine vs the sitting position. \nMethods:\n We enrolled 80 healthy volunteers who underwent two preoxygenation and loss of preoxygenation procedures (one while supine and one while sitting) via bag-valve-mask ventilation with spontaneous breathing. End-tidal oxygen (ETO2) measurements were recorded as fraction of expired oxygen prior to preoxygenation, at the time of adequate preoxygenation (ETO2 >85%), and then every five seconds after the oxygen was removed until the ETO2 values reached their recorded baseline.\nResults:\n The mean ETO2 at completion of preoxygenation was 86% (95% confidence interval 85-88%). Volunteers in both the supine and upright position lost >50% of their denitrogenation in less than 60 seconds. Within 25 seconds, all subjects had an ETO2 of <70%. Complete renitrogenation, defined as return to baseline ETO2, occurred in less than 160 seconds for all volunteers.\nConclusion:\n Preoxygenation loss, or renitrogenation, occurred rapidly after oxygen removal and was not different in the supine and sitting positions. After maximal denitrogenation in healthy volunteers, renitrogenation occurred rapidly after oxygen removal and was not different in the supine and sitting positions.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"airway"},{"word":"preoxygenation"},{"word":"emergent intubation"},{"word":"rapid sequence intubation"}],"section":"Critical Care","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70x1m2kc","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"Randall","last_name":"West","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Rykiel","middle_name":"","last_name":"Levine","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Jason","middle_name":"","last_name":"Raggi","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Du-Thuyen","middle_name":"","last_name":"Nguyen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Department of Emergency Medicine, New South Wales, Australia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Matthew","middle_name":"","last_name":"Oliver","name_suffix":"","institution":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Department of Emergency Medicine, New South Wales, Australia\n\nRPA Green Light Institute for Emergency Care, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_name":"D","last_name":"Caputo","name_suffix":"","institution":"NYC Health + Hospitals | Lincoln, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, New York","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Sakles","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of Arizona College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2021-11-12T13:46:48-05:00","date_accepted":"2021-11-12T13:46:48-05:00","date_published":"2022-11-01T13:57:50-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16122/galley/8087/download/"}]},{"pk":16520,"title":"Chief Complaints, Underlying Diagnoses, and Mortality in Adult, Non-trauma Emergency Department Visits: A Population-based, Multicenter Cohort Study","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n Knowledge about the relationship between symptoms, diagnoses, and mortality in emergency department (ED) patients is essential for the emergency physician to optimize treatment, monitoring, and flow. In this study, we investigated the association between symptoms and discharge diagnoses; symptoms and mortality; and we then analyzed whether the association between symptoms and mortality was influenced by other risk factors.\n \nMethods:\n This was a population-based, multicenter cohort study of all non-trauma ED patients ≥18 years who presented at a hospital in the Region of Southern Denmark between January 1, 2016–March 20, 2018. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between symptoms and mortality adjusted for other risk factors.\n \nResults:\n We included 223,612 ED visits with a median patient age of 63 and even distribution of females and males. The frequency of the chief complaints at presentation were as follows: non-specific symptoms (19%); abdominal pain (16%); dyspnea (12%); fever (8%); chest pain (8%); and neurologic complaints (7%). Discharge diagnoses were symptom-based (24%), observational (hospital visit for observation or examination, 17%), circulatory (12%), or respiratory (12%). The overall 30-day mortality was 3.5%, with 1.7% dead within 0-7 days and 1.8% within 8-30 days. The presenting symptom was associated with mortality at 0-7 days but not with mortality at 8-30 days. Patients whose charts were missing documentation of symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.5) and dyspneic patients (aOR 2.4) had the highest mortality at 0-7 days across patients with different primary symptoms. Patients ≥80 years and patients with a higher degree of comorbidity had increased mortality from 0-7 days to 8-30 days (aOR from 24.0 to 42.7 and 1.9 to 2.8, respectively).\n \nConclusion:\n Short-term mortality was more strongly associated with patient-related factors than with the primary presenting symptom at arrival to the hospital.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"Acute patients"},{"word":"Symptoms"},{"word":"Diagnosis"},{"word":"Mortality"},{"word":"Prognosis"},{"word":"unspecific complaints"},{"word":"Emergency Medicine"}],"section":"Emergency Department Operations","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f0497zg","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Michael","middle_name":"Dan","last_name":"Arvig","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark\n\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark\n\nDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Christian","middle_name":"Backer","last_name":"Mogensen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark\n\nDepartment of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Helene","middle_name":"","last_name":"Skjøt-Arkil","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark\n\nDepartment of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Isik","middle_name":"Somuncu","last_name":"Johansen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark\n\nResearch Unit for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark\n\nOpen Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Flemming","middle_name":"Schønning","last_name":"Rosenvinge","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark\n\nResearch Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Annmarie","middle_name":"Touborg","last_name":"Lassen","name_suffix":"","institution":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark\n\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-02-01T07:19:29-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-02-01T07:19:29-05:00","date_published":"2022-10-31T18:09:15-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16520/galley/8359/download/"}]},{"pk":16601,"title":"Implementation of a Leave-behind Naloxone Program in San Francisco: A One-year Experience","subtitle":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\n In response to the ongoing opioid overdose crisis, US officials urged the expansion of access to naloxone for opioid overdose reversal. Since then, emergency medical services’ (EMS) dispensing of naloxone kits has become an emerging harm reduction strategy. \n \nMethods:\n We created a naloxone training and low-barrier distribution program in San Francisco: Project FRIEND (First Responder Increased Education and Naloxone Distribution). The team assembled an advisory committee of stakeholders and subject-matter experts, worked with local and state EMS agencies to augment existing protocols, created training curricula, and developed a naloxone-distribution data collection system. Naloxone kits were labeled for registration and data tracking. Emergency medical technicians and paramedics were asked to distribute naloxone kits to any individuals (patient or bystander) they deemed at risk of experiencing or witnessing an opioid overdose, and to voluntarily register those kits. \n \nResults:\n Training modalities included a video module (distributed to over 700 EMS personnel) and voluntary, in-person training sessions, attended by 224 EMS personnel. From September 25, 2019–September 24, 2020, 1,200 naloxone kits were distributed to EMS companies. Of these, 232 kits (19%) were registered by EMS personnel. Among registered kits, 146 (63%) were distributed during encounters for suspected overdose, and 103 (44%) were distributed to patients themselves. Most patients were male (n = 153, 66%) and of White race (n = 124, 53%); median age was 37.5 years (interquartile range 31-47).\n \nConclusion: \nWe describe a successful implementation and highlight the feasibility of a low-threshold, leave-behind naloxone program. Collaboration with multiple entities was a key component of the program’s success.","language":"en","license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","short_name":"CC BY 4.0","text":"Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"},"keywords":[{"word":"emergency medical services"},{"word":"naloxone"},{"word":"Opioids"},{"word":"overdose"}],"section":"Behavioral Health","is_remote":true,"remote_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06q7m43d","frozenauthors":[{"first_name":"Kathy","middle_name":"T","last_name":"LeSaint","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Juan Carlos","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Montoy","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Eric","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Silverman","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Maria","middle_name":"C","last_name":"Raven","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Samuel","middle_name":"L","last_name":"Schow","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Francisco Fire Department, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Phillip","middle_name":"O","last_name":"Coffin","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco Department of Public Health","department":"None"},{"first_name":"John","middle_name":"F","last_name":"Brown","name_suffix":"","institution":"San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California","department":"None"},{"first_name":"Mary","middle_name":"P","last_name":"Mercer","name_suffix":"","institution":"University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California","department":"None"}],"date_submitted":"2022-02-27T23:39:36-05:00","date_accepted":"2022-02-27T23:39:36-05:00","date_published":"2022-10-31T17:57:46-04:00","render_galley":null,"galleys":[{"label":"","type":"pdf","path":"https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/16601/galley/8398/download/"}]}]}