Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Strain analysis of a seismically-imaged mass-transport complex, offshore Uruguay
Published: 2018-04-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Strain style, magnitude, and distribution within mass-transport complexes (MTCs) is important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally-driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip compressional domains; [...]
Sedimentary Architecture of an Ancient Linear Megadune (Barremian, Neuquén Basin): Insights into the Long-Term Development and Evolution of Aeolian Linear Bedforms
Published: 2018-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Linear aeolian bedforms are the most abundant bedform type in modern Earth sand seas and are very common in our Solar System. Despite their abundance, the long-term development of these bedforms and its impact upon the resulting sedimentary architecture in the geological record is still poorly understood. The aims of this paper are to study the exposed record of an ancient linear megadune in [...]
Present-day stress orientations in the Great Sumatran Fault in North Sumatra
Published: 2018-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Trench-parallel strike slip faults develop at lithospheric scale during oblique high-angle subduction. A “sliver” plate forms due to slip partitioning between the subduction plane (margin-normal slip) and the strike slip fault (margin-parallel slip). This process ultimately controls the location of volcanoes and earthquakes. The Great Sumatran Fault (GSF) is a showcase of this tectonic [...]
The relationships between regional Quaternary uplift, deformation across active normal faults and historical seismicity in the upper plate of subduction zones: The Capo D’Orlando Fault, NE Sicily.
Published: 2018-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In order to investigate deformation within the upper plate of the Calabrian subduction zone we have mapped and modelled a sequence of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines tectonically‐deformed by the Capo D’Orlando normal fault, NE Sicily, which forms part of the actively deforming Calabrian Arc. In addition to the 1908 Messina Strait earthquake (Mw 7.1), this region has experienced damaging [...]
Geochemistry and origin of the Neoproterozoic Natkusiak Flood Basalts and related Franklin Sills, Victoria Island, Arctic Canada
Published: 2018-04-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Natkusiak continental flood basalts and Franklin sills of Victoria Island preserve an exceptional record of the ca. 716–723 Ma Franklin large igneous province and are synchronous with major climatic variations and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. The Natkusiak Formation basalts record an early phase of discontinuous rubbly flows (<100 m, low-Ti Type 1 magmas) overlain by a thicker [...]
Detecting lightning infrasound using a high-altitude balloon
Published: 2018-04-17
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Acoustic waves with a wide range of frequencies are generated by lightning strokes during thunderstorms, including infrasonic waves (0.1 to 20 Hz). The source mechanism for these low frequency acoustic waves is still debated and studies have so far been limited to ground-based instruments. Here we report the first confirmed detection of lightning generated infrasound with acoustic instruments [...]
Pre-Alpine contrasting tectono-metamorphic evolutions within the Southern Steep Belt, Central Alps
Published: 2018-04-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
In the Southern Steep Belt, Italian Central Alps, relicts of the pre-Alpine continental crust are preserved. Between Valtellina and Val Camonica, a poly-metamorphic rock association occurs, which belongs to the Austroalpine units and includes two classically subdivided units: the Languard-Campo nappe (LCN) and the Tonale Series (TS). The outcropping rocks are low to medium grade muscovite, [...]
The seismic history of the Pisia fault (eastern Corinth rift, Greece) from fault plane weathering features and cosmogenic 36Cl dating
Published: 2018-04-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The deformation of the eastern Corinth rift (Greece) is distributed along several E-W trending active normal faults. Here, the 25-km-long Pisia fault experienced up to 150 cm of coseismic displacement during the 1981 Alkyonides earthquake sequence (M = 6.7, 6.4, 6.3). Using terrestrial laser scanning, coupled with analyses of color changes, lichen colonization and karstic features, we identify [...]
Topography and the shallow slip deficit inference
Published: 2018-04-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Images of earthquake slip serve as the foundation for understanding the distribution of coseismic energy release, theories about rupture propagation, and fault mechanics. Geodetic slip images are inferred using elastic models that link surface observations to fault activity at depth. To date, almost all elastic models used for these common calculations [10, 14, 19, 23] include the assumption that [...]
River deltas as Multiplex networks: A framework for studying multi-process multi-scale connectivity via coupled-network theory
Published: 2018-04-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Dynamic Systems, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Mathematics, Non-linear Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Transport of water, nutrients or energy fluxes in many natural or coupled human-natural systems occurs along different pathways that often have a wide range of transport timescales and might exchange fluxes with each other dynamically (e.g., surface-subsurface). Understanding this type of transport is key to predicting how landscapes will change under changing forcing. Here, we present a general [...]
Using climate to relate water-discharge and area in modern and ancient catchments
Published: 2018-04-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Models relating sediment-supply to catchment-properties are important in order to use the geological record to deduce landscape evolution and the interplay between tectonics and climate. Water-discharge (Qw) is an important factor in the widely used BQwART-model of Syvitski and Milliman (2007), which relates sediment load to a set of measureable catchment parameters. Although many of the factors [...]
The shape and distribution of Maar craters using the MaarVLS database.
Published: 2018-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
A maar crater is the top of a much larger subsurface diatreme structure produced by phreatomagmatic explosions and the size and shape of the crater reflects the growth history of that structure during an eruption. Recent experimental and geophysical research has shown that crater complexity can reflect subsurface complexity. Morphometry provides a means of characterizing a global population of [...]
In-depth examination of spatio-temporal figures in open reproducible research (Preprint)
Published: 2018-04-11
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Figures such as maps and time series are essential means to visualize spatio-temporal results in scientific papers. Being able to recompute them using the underlying source code and data is thus a core aspect in reproducible research. However, many scientists see the preparation of code and data for publication as an additional burden without immediate benefits. In this work, we investigate [...]
Crustal strain in the Marmara pull-apart region associated with the propagation process of the North Anatolian Fault
Published: 2018-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Propagation processes of plate-scale faults through continental lithosphere are poorly documented. The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a continental right-lateral transform with striking evidence for propagation processes in the Marmara Sea pull-apart region. Earlier work [Armijo et al., 1999] suggests that in the Dardanelles, where the principal, northern branch of that fault (NNAF) enters into [...]
Rapid mantle flow with power-law creep explains deformation after the 2011 Tohoku mega-quake
Published: 2018-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The deformation transient that follows large subduction zone earthquakes is thought to originate from the interaction of viscoelastic flow in the asthenospheric mantle and slip on the megathrust that are both accelerated by the sudden coseismic stress change. The surface deformation following the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake provides some of the most comprehensive constraints on surface [...]