Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Published: 2022-03-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The relationship between normal fault displacement (D) and length (L) varies due to numerous factors, including fault size, maturity, basin tectonic history, and host rock lithology. Understanding how fault D and L relate is useful, given related scaling laws are often used to help refine interpretations of often incomplete, subsurface datasets, which has implications for hydrocarbon and [...]
Published: 2022-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Paleobiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
We undertook multiproxy analyses on two sediment cores from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51°S topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP), to provide insights into glacier dynamics and lake level change in the TdP and Última Esperanza region over the last ~30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Lago Pato is situated in a region overridden by the Southern Patagonian Icefield [...]
Published: 2022-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology
Modern lowland river systems show transitions in flow characteristics near coastlines that lead to systematic changes in sediment deposition and stratigraphic architecture. Sensitivity of fluvial morphodynamics to base-level has important implications for the prediction and interpretation of fluvial stratigraphy, particularly in deposits formed during periods of relative sea-level rise such as [...]
Published: 2022-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The Mesoproterozoic Velkerri and Kyalla formations in the Beetaloo Sub-basin in northern Australia contain the world’s oldest shale plays. In unconventional exploration, the main challenge is the identification of sweet spots from which hydrocarbons can be produced economically. In fine-grained siliciclastic intervals, the distribution of these sweet spots is mainly controlled by the evolution of [...]
Published: 2022-03-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Tectonics and Structure
We explore the links between the evolutions of the strain field and microstructure in coarse-grained Ih ice. Using digital image correlation (DIC), we monitored the evolution of the strain field in two columnar ice samples deformed by creep (uniaxial compression at constant load) at -7 ºC and 0.5 MPa up to 9.5% bulk shortening. After a brief transient (<0.2% bulk strain), in which strain [...]
Published: 2022-03-28
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education
Reproducible research is often perceived as a technological challenge, but it is rooted in the challenge to improve scholarly communication in an age of digitisation. When computers become involved and researchers want to allow other scientists to inspect, understand, evaluate, and build upon their work, they need to create a research compendium that includes the code, data, computing [...]
Published: 2022-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21.000 years before present) was a period with significantly lower global mean temperature, large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and low CO2 concentrations. Unlike other high-latitude areas, Siberia was not covered by a terrestrial ice sheet. Climate simulations with LGM boundary conditions show large inter-model differences especially in Northern Siberia, which [...]
Published: 2022-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Water is an essential element of life and rainfall. The amount of rainfall directly affects the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources on the Earth. Rainfall has direct impact on agricultural production, daily life activities, and human health. Atmospheric aerosols are essential for rainfall formation; therefore, understanding how dust compositions and distributions affect the [...]
Published: 2022-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea-level rise of even one meter will have drastic global impacts. Melting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) would raise sea level by 7.4 meters. There is an urgent need to improve predictions of how quickly the GIS will contribute its first meter of sea-level rise, and from where on the ice sheet that water will come. Estimating the volume of Greenland ice that was lost during past warm periods [...]
Published: 2022-03-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The glaciogenic nature of the Yudnamutana Subgroup was first recognised over a century ago, and their global significance was recognised shortly after, eventually culminating with the pan global Sturtian glaciation and Snowball Earth theory. Much debate on the origin and timing of these rocks, locally and globally, has ensued in the years since. A significant corpus of research on the lithology, [...]
Published: 2022-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Climate sensitivity is a fundamental yet uncertain metric of Earth’s response to anthropogenic forcing; its temporal evolution in particular is poorly constrained yet critical for leveraging historical observations for future projections. A Bayesian energy balance model indicates a 83% (84%) probability that the climate sensitivity increased (decreased) from 1900-1940 (1940-2010). These trends [...]
Published: 2022-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquake self-similarity is a controversial topic, both from an observational and theoretical standpoint. Theory predicts the existence of a finite nucleation dimension, and this characteristic length scale implies a break of self-similarity below a certain magnitude. While observations of non self-similar earthquake behavior have been reported, their interpretation remains debated, since [...]
Published: 2022-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The late Tonian sequences of the Adelaide Superbasin were witness to the birth of the proto-Pacific Ocean during the breakup of Rodinia. Understanding the sedimentology and provenance of these rocks from across the basin is key to understanding both their deposition over ~70 million years, the local palaeogeography, and leads to a better understanding of the early development of the proto-Pacific [...]
Published: 2022-03-22
Subjects: Analysis, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Mining Engineering, Multivariate Analysis, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models
Well-log interpretation provides in situ estimates of formation properties such as porosity, hydrocarbon pore volume, and permeability. Reservoir models based on well-log-derived formation properties deliver reserve-volume estimates, production forecasts, and help with decision making in reservoir development. However, due to measurement errors, variability of well logs due to multiple [...]
Published: 2022-03-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
India is largely devoid of high-quality and reliable on-the-ground measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Ground-level PM2.5 concentrations are estimated from publicly available satellite Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products combined with other information. Prior research has largely overlooked the possibility of gaining additional accuracy and insights into the sources of PM using [...]