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Existence of Charnockites in Hellas Basin, Mars

Existence of Charnockites in Hellas Basin, Mars

This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 1 of this Preprint.

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Comment #258 Kamilla Dyreborg Hansen @ 2025-12-05 04:13

Thank you for sharing this interesting preprint. The combined use of VNIR and TIR remote sensing is exciting, and I appreciate the clear presentation of your laboratory spectra — that section was especially well executed and helpful for interpreting the orbital data. I also want to note positively that your CRISM preprocessing appears to follow established procedures, and the rationale for using MTRDR products is clearly justified.

I had a few questions which, if clarified, might further strengthen the manuscript and help readers better assess reproducibility and modelling robustness:

1) THEMIS metadata
For the THEMIS TIR analysis, would it be possible to provide more detail about the specific observations used (e.g., acquisition year, season, observation timing, and calibration/reprocessing status)? Since atmospheric conditions and calibration versions can influence emissivity, such information would strongly support reproducibility.

2) Dataset selection rationale
Was there a specific rationale behind choosing these particular THEMIS scenes rather than alternative observations in the same region? It would be interesting to know whether multiple candidates were screened before final selection.

3) Spectral residuals
For the LMM and PPNM modelling, you present RMSE values numerically, but residual spectra are not shown. Including residual plots would help readers understand which spectral regions dominate the misfit.

4) Alternative interpretations
Given that quartz–feldspar–pyroxene assemblages can occur in more than one felsic lithology, a brief discussion of alternative interpretations (and why charnockite is preferred) would help clarify the robustness of the conclusion.

Again, thank you for sharing this work — I found the laboratory characterisation and the overall approach intriguing, and I look forward to hearing more about the dataset choices and modelling reasoning.

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Authors

Adnan Ahmad, Archana M Nair , Tomson Kallukalam, Amaldev J

Abstract

Charnockite, an orthopyroxene-bearing granitic rock, is formed under high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Charnockite exhibits spectral characteristics similar to mafic rocks in the VNIR region and shows low emissivity at ~ 8.5 µm due to its high quartz content in the TIR region. The association of charnockite with the Anorthosite-Mangerite-Charnockite-Granite suite make it a suitable planetary analogue. Therefore, this study explores the occurrence of charnockite lithology by identifying coexisting locations of quartz and mafic minerals in the northern region of the Hellas basin of Mars. The study utilises DCS images from Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and MAF browse products from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) datasets. Spectral characterisation of extracted spectra from both datasets shows the presence of quartz, feldspar, and pyroxene minerals, indicating the possibility of charnockite occurrence on Mars. Spectral mixture analysis using the Linear mixing and the Polynomial-Post nonlinear mixing models confirm the coexistence of quartz, high calcium pyroxene, low calcium pyroxene, and feldspar minerals, providing strong evidence for the presence of charnockitic rocks. The presence of charnockitic rocks indicates possible melting of the mafic crust during the Noachian-aged period. Partial melting of a mafic crust with low water content and high atmospheric carbon dioxide is a possible scenario for the occurrence of charnockite in Hellas Basin. These findings suggest that VNIR and TIR datasets can be combined for mapping charnockite type lithologies on Mars. This study provides valuable insights into the ancient magmatic processes and geologic history of the Martian surface.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X5Q155

Subjects

Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Keywords

Dates

Published: 2025-07-18 18:48

Last Updated: 2025-07-18 18:48

License

CC BY Attribution 4.0 International

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Data Availability:
Data available on request

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