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GET /api/articles/?format=api&offset=1500
{ "count": 39461, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=1600", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=1400", "results": [ { "pk": 39651, "title": "Experience Sampling to Assess Burnout in Emergency Medicine: An Acceptability and Feasibility Pilot", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Despite prior efforts to improve well-being in emergency medicine, clinician burnout in the specialty is rising. In this study we examined the acceptability and feasibility of using a method called “experience sampling” to explore factors important to clinician experience in emergency departments (ED). Experience sampling enables the measuring of work experience in real time, with more granular detail than in usual burnout surveys. The approach may reveal new opportunities for improving work experience in emergency medicine at a critical time.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this pilot study in a large, urban, academic, quaternary care ED. Iterative multidisciplinary focus groups were used to generate a brief, experience-sampling tool that was comprised of three different surveys to assess emergency clinician experience before, during, and after shifts. These were deployed using a smartphone application to a convenience sample of 11 clinicians (three attending physicians, two residents, five physician assistants, and one registered nurse) during four shifts each. A post-pilot survey was also sent to all participants to evaluate their experience of using the tool. Our primary outcome measures were feasibility, assessed by the survey response rates during the pilot, and acceptability, assessed by participant sentiment as expressed in the post-pilot surveys. Secondary outcomes were quantitative- and qualitative- experience data collected using the tool.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall response rates for pre-shift, on-shift, and post-shift surveys were 79%, 73%, and 91%, respectively. All participants responded to the post-pilot survey and indicated they would be willing to use the experience-sampling tool again in the future. Many participants noted that the simple and open-ended on-shift questions were relatively easy to complete; some also said on-shift survey questions could present added difficulty during busy shifts. Four participants said the exercise of completing surveys itself improved on-shift experience by prompting reflection. Common themes associated with positive experiences included manageable patient volumes, excellent teamwork, interesting cases, adequate staffing, and feeling able to provide adequate care. Common themes associated with negative experiences included crowding, inadequate staffing, feeling overwhelmed, complex patient cases, difficult disposition plans, and feeling unable to provide adequate care.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experience sampling is an acceptable and feasible method for measuring clinician experience in a busy academic ED. Further studies could potentially use this approach to identify targets for reducing burnout in emergency medicine. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "burnout" }, { "word": "experience sampling" }, { "word": "Physician Experience" } ], "section": "Emergency Medicine Workforce", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wx5h28s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Baugh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Justin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Margolin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ali", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Raja", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "White", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-01T22:56:07.752000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-25T09:13:01.117000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T20:22:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/39651/galley/37045/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48505, "title": "Regional STEMI Program Historical Mortality Rates in Maine, USA", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fp0d33z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Olivia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pearson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Department, Portland, Maine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kovacs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Department, Portland, Maine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Crowe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Department, Portland, Maine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ryan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Department, Portland, Maine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Colin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Phillips", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Department, Portland, Maine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T08:26:10.278000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-01T00:04:37.201000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T20:00:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48505/galley/36989/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48503, "title": "Relationship Between Water Fluoridation Rates and Atraumatic Dental Visits to Emergency Departments in the U.S.: An Epidemiological Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cg6d28z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jenna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LaColla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale – New Haven Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Melissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nelson-Perron", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nuvance Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Poughkeepsie, New York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T08:22:56.774000+05:30", "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-18T19:51:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48503/galley/36988/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47035, "title": "Emergency Medicine at the Frontline of Climate Change: The Role of Geographic Information Systems", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Disaster preparedness" }, { "word": "geographic information systems" }, { "word": "GIS" } ], "section": "Climate Change", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cn5t6bg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tushara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Surapaneni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Patrikakou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "2nd Regional Health Authority of Piraeus and the Aegean islands – Piraeus, Greece", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Antigoni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Faka", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Geography, Athens, Greece", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Liz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grant", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh, Global Health Academy, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ulrich", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dimitrios", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsiftsis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nikaia General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nikaia, Greece", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eleanor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reid", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-17T21:30:03.030000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-28T10:28:44.034000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T19:44:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/47035/galley/37030/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48504, "title": "Pilot Study: Impact of Primary Spoken Language as a Social Determinant of Health on CPR Education and Utilization", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jg1f5cp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "LeNeave", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia; Carilion Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Heather", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liffert", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Compress and Shock Foundation, Roanoke, Virginia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Perkins", "name_suffix": "Jr", "institution": "Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia; Carilion Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia; Compress and Shock Foundation, Roanoke, Virginia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T08:24:54.178000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-27T00:33:32.796000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T18:56:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48504/galley/36982/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 42022, "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Self-directed Violence Presenting to Trauma Centers in the United States", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychiatric conditions are common presentations to the emergency department, and their prevalence has been steadily increasing. Part of this spectrum of presentations is self-directed violence. Self-directed violence involves suicidal acts and non-suicidal self-injuries that can result in serious morbidity and mortality. This study examines characteristics and outcomes of patients who presented to US trauma centers with self-inflicted injuries and identifies factors associated with survival to hospital discharge in this patient population.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We extracted data in a retrospective, observational manner from the 2020 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) 2020. The NTDB includes data from over 900 trauma centers (900/2,294 total trauma centers in the United States, 39.2%). We performed a descriptive analysis of characteristics, injury patterns and outcomes. All variables were tabulated by outcome (died: yes/no). We then conducted a multivariable logistic regression using a stepwise technique to identify factors associated with the patients’ survival to hospital discharge.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 12,824 patients with self-inflicted injuries were included in this analysis. Their median age was 35 years (interquartile range 25-50), and they were mostly males (74.7%) and White (69.6%). Patients were mostly transported by ground ambulance (78.9%) to Level I (60.6%) and Level II (33.5%) trauma centers. Most patients had a pre-existing condition (70.2%). These included mental/personality disorder (48.2%), alcohol use disorder (11.5%), and substance use disorder (17.7%). The most common mechanism of injury was penetrating trauma (71.6%), followed by blunt trauma (18.0%) and burns (1%). Cutting/piercing was the most common penetrating mechanism (60%) compared with firearm-related trauma (40%). Severe injury (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) was present in 32.8% of patients. A positive alcohol screen and/or a positive drug screen were reported in 30.2% and 31.2% of patients, respectively. Most patients were admitted to hospital (86%). Overall mortality rate at hospital discharge was 21.7%. We identified Important factors associated with survival to hospital discharge in this patient population.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients with self-inflicted injuries treated at US trauma centers have high rates of injury severity and a high mortality rate. This study sheds light on the complex and resource- intensive care needed for this vulnerable patient population.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychiatric Emergency" }, { "word": "Trauma" }, { "word": "Mental Health" }, { "word": "Suicide" } ], "section": "Injury Prevention and Population Health", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c984357", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Gregory", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jasani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Garrett", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cavaliere", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bachir", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van Remmen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mazen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "El-Sayed", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-01-23T22:11:25.279000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-16T07:43:45.534000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T17:02:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/42022/galley/37033/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48502, "title": "Inter-Facility Emergency Department Transfers for Non-Contracted Insurance Status: Disproportionate Impact Upon Minority Patients", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n71w5wz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holzman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Malik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aaron", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Krish", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nayar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rankin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Melissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tapia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rappaport", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T08:21:31.050000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-26T09:25:16.720000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T14:53:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48502/galley/36978/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48500, "title": "Patient Acceptance of Rapid HIV Testing During Targeted Screening in the Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c94d1tg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brianna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McMonagle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Braun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jude", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Luke", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Caroline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Freiermuth", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T08:18:05.845000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-26T08:58:09.658000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T14:42:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48500/galley/36976/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48499, "title": "Substance Use is Associated With Frequent Emergency Department Visits in Cardiac Patients", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sg9p16t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Metzger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Rochester, Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Berger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ramin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Homayouni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Rochester, Michigan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-09T05:51:04.264000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-26T06:22:48.762000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T14:31:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/48499/galley/36975/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41492, "title": "Relationship of Tijuana River Flow and Ocean Bacteria Counts and Emergency Department Diarrhea Cases", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Tijuana River, which affects southern San Diego Beaches, is severely contaminated with untreated sewage. Exposure to pathogens can lead to various health problems, commonly gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses. We aimed to look for any relationship between Tijuana River flow rates and ocean pollution levels and levels of diarrhea at a nearby Emergency Department (ED).</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study that spanned the 2023 dry season and included Hurricane Hillary, we compared Tijuana River flow rates and fecal bacterial counts on the southern San Diego County coastline to the number of visits to a nearby ED, specifically a 225-patient sample size, with the chief complaint of diarrhea, a potential waterborne illness. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> In late August of 2023, after Hurricane Hillary made landfall as a tropical storm in Baja California, Mexico, there was a large increase in the Tijuana River flow rate and a correspondingly significant increase in diarrhea cases at 3.25 times the mean, from a mean of 4.25 cases per week to 14 cases the week of Hurricane Hillary.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We found a significant correlation between Tijuana River transboundary flow rates and Emergency Department case levels of diarrhea, a known waterborne illness, in the summer of 2023.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "waterborne illness" }, { "word": "ocean pollution" }, { "word": "diarrhea" } ], "section": "Endemic Infections", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hh6f7w3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jaya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jost", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Miramar College, San Diego, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Conor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Youngblood", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jost", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Scripp Mercy Chula Vista, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chula Vista, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roberto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Medero", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Scripp Mercy Chula Vista, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chula Vista, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-15T06:32:01.770000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-08T02:35:16.827000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-18T00:23:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/41492/galley/37015/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 40047, "title": "Influence of Previous Emergency Department Visit Information on Care of Current Patients", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Past patient data from health information exchanges (HIE) can enhance physician-patient interactions, although how and how often is unclear. We sought to determine how and how often past medical records provided by an HIE impacts current decision-making by emergency physicians. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We identified qualifying emergency department (ED) visits between September 24-26, 2022. The primary feature of a qualifying visit was a separate ED visit within three days prior at a separate hospital system. Fifty-five charts with essential details of each patient’s most recent visit were reviewed in duplicate by 22 emergency medicine residents. Reviewers accessed prior medical records for each patient via an HIE clinical viewer. The primary outcome was the influence of knowledge from prior records on interactions during the most recent visit, measured with 11 Likert-scale ratings. Reviewer agreement was used as an indicator of confidence. </p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>Reviewers most frequently agreed that the information from the prior visit was valuable “a moderate amount” (25% of all reviewer pairs) and agreed that the information would cause them to change their approach (69%). They would adjust treatment protocols because of understanding what had been tried previously (67%) and ask the patient different questions (78%). There was also agreement that they would further compare laboratory tests or imaging between visits (67%) and better understand patient behavioral patterns (73%). </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Access to patients’ previous medical records (diagnoses, imaging reports, discharge reports, etc) via HIEs impacts how emergency physicians communicate with patients, evaluate cases, and make medical decisions. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Health Information Exchange" }, { "word": "health services" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rs7m83b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ricardo", "middle_name": "X.", "last_name": "Noriega", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, Provo, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Juan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nanez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange, El Paso, Texas", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hartmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange, El Paso, Texas", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Scott", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Crawford", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Emergency Medicine, El Paso, Texas", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chantel", "middle_name": "Dawn", "last_name": "Sloan-Aagard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, Provo, Utah", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-28T05:39:28.396000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-22T10:45:11.733000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-17T12:52:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/40047/galley/37008/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 38400, "title": "Language Learning Affordances And Constraints Among English Teachers In Japan And Korea", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Every year, many first-language (L1) English speakers move abroad to teach in international contexts. However, studies have not focused on these teachers as language learners themselves or considered how the ecology of L1 English Speaking Teachers (ESTs) workplaces may afford or constrain their access to speaking opportunities within the various communities of practice they participate in. This study attempts to fill that gap by examining the experiences of L1 ESTs in Japan and Korea to determine the roles that the workplace and co-workers play in the development of these teachers’ competence in Korean and Japanese. Quantitative survey data were collected from 40 L1 ESTs based in Korea and Japan, and qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset of 15 volunteers from the larger data set. Results show that various stakeholders such as co-workers and students as well as the physical environment serve as gatekeepers to the L1 ESTs’ legitimate peripheral participation as Japanese and Korean speakers in their workplaces. Affordances for language learning in the workplace included speaking the target language (TL) with coworkers, in the classroom, with students, in social activities with TL speakers, and situational factors like the location of their desks within their workplaces. Constraints, on the other hand, included speaking English with coworkers, social activities with other English speakers, the location of their desks, and TL speakers speaking English to them. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Native English Speaking Teacher" }, { "word": "language learning and teaching" }, { "word": "International Language Teacher" }, { "word": "Language learning in the workplace" }, { "word": "Korean" }, { "word": "Japanese" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rb1895c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Devon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Renfroe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "Languages, Cultures, and Applied Linguistics" }, { "first_name": "Remi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Compernolle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "Languages, Cultures, and Applied Linguistics" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-10-23T12:09:22.536000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-09T22:25:18.308000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-16T23:13:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/38400/galley/36957/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "Galley v1", "type": "other", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/38400/galley/36887/download/" }, { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/38400/galley/36957/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 46596, "title": "An expert-curated dataset on cave-dwelling spider communities in the Western Italian Alps –an open tool for eco-evolutionary research", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Biodiversity data is essential for eco-evolutionary research. However, data is often scarce for difficult-to-study ecosystems, such as caves and other subterranean environments. Here, we present a taxonomically and geographically consistent database of subterranean spiders from the Italian Western Alps, a coherent biogeographical region with a long history of subterranean fauna diversification. The database (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28524383.v1) comprises 370 geo-referenced subterranean sites (caves, mines, and other artificial subterranean systems). For each site, we provide information on the composition of the spider community (with species richness ranging from 1 to 8 species per site), along with local geomorphological and site features. Collectively, these communities account for 31 unique species and 945 unique geo-referenced occurrence records, which are made available via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/dataset/72eef995-01bd-44f2-937a-23dbfe66283d) In addition to the database, we provide a phylogeny for all species based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment. This, combined with the interoperability of the European subterranean spider trait database (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16574255.v2), enables the estimation of taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity within these subterranean communities. We illustrate the utility of this database by estimating and mapping taxonomic, functional, and genetic richness across the Western Italian Alps, providing a comprehensive multi-dimensional view of subterranean spider biodiversity. Although restricted in geographical scope, we envision this database as a promising open resource for eco-evolutionary research and hope the broader scientific community will widely use it. Indeed, the joint availability of distribution data, traits, and phylogenetic information allows quantifying ecologically relevant differences among species, identifying functionally unique taxa, and assessing patterns of adaptation and specialization in subterranean environments, among many other questions.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cave" }, { "word": "subterranean biology" }, { "word": "arachnida" }, { "word": "Araneae" }, { "word": "troglophile" }, { "word": "troglobiont" }, { "word": "phylogenesis" }, { "word": "online repository" } ], "section": "Data Papers", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c71699h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Giuseppe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nicolosi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Catania", "department": "Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section Animal Biology" }, { "first_name": "Alejandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martínez García", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Research Council of Italy", "department": "Water Research Institute" }, { "first_name": "Elena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Turin", "department": "3Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology" }, { "first_name": "Marco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Isaia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "None", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mammola", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Research Council of Italy (CNR)", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-10T18:54:13.324000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-02T22:31:15.924000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-16T08:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/biogeographia/article/46596/galley/36956/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "Other", "type": "other", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/biogeographia/article/46596/galley/36894/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/biogeographia/article/46596/galley/36956/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64988, "title": "A framework unifying some bijections for graphs and its connection to Lawrence polytopes", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Let \\(G\\) be a connected graph. The Jacobian group (also known as the Picard group or sandpile group) of \\(G\\) is a finite abelian group whose cardinality equals the number of spanning trees of \\(G\\). The Jacobian group admits a canonical simply transitive action on the set \\(\\mathcal{R}(G)\\) of cycle-cocycle reversal classes of orientations of \\(G\\). Hence one can construct combinatorial bijections between spanning trees of \\(G\\) and \\(\\mathcal{R}(G)\\) to build connections between spanning trees and the Jacobian group. The BBY bijections and the Bernardi bijections are two important examples. In this paper, we construct a new family of such bijections that includes both. Our bijections depend on a pair of atlases (different from the ones in manifold theory) that abstract and generalize certain common features of the two known bijections. The definitions of these atlases are derived from triangulations and dissections of the Lawrence polytopes associated to \\(G\\). The acyclic cycle signatures and cocycle signatures used to define the BBY bijections correspond to regular triangulations. Our bijections can extend to subgraph-orientation correspondences. Most of our results hold for regular matroids. We present our work in the language of fourientations, which are a generalization of orientations.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05C30, 05C25, 52B05, 52C40\n \nKeywords: Sandpile group, cycle-cocycle reversal class, Lawrence polytope, triangulation, dissection, fourientation", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sandpile group" }, { "word": "cycle-cocycle reversal class" }, { "word": "Lawrence polytope" }, { "word": "triangulation" }, { "word": "dissection" }, { "word": "fourientation" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hk2k3kp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Changxin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ding", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:48:59+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:48:59+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64988/galley/49798/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64990, "title": "Anzahl theorems for disjoint subspaces generating a non-degenerate subspace: quadratic forms", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we solve a classical counting problem for non-degenerate quadratic forms defined on a vector space in odd characteristic: given a subspace \\(\\pi\\), we determine the number of non-singular subspaces that are trivially intersecting with \\(\\pi\\) and span a nonsingular subspace with \\(\\pi\\). Lower bounds for the quantity of such pairs where \\(\\pi\\) is nonsingular were first studied in [S. P. Glasby, Alice C. Niemeyer, and Cheryl E. Praeger. The probability of spanning a classical space by two non-degenerate subspaces of complementary dimensions. Finite Fields Appl., 82:31, 2022], which was later improved for even-dimensional subspaces in [S. P. Glasby, F. Ihringer, and S. Mattheus. The proportion of non-degenerate complementary subspaces in classical spaces. Des. Codes Cryptography, 91(9):2879– 2891, 2023] and generalised in [S.P. Glasby, A.C. Niemeyer, and C.E. Praeger. Random generation of direct sums of finite non-degenerate subspaces. Linear Algebra Appl., 649:408–432, 2022]. The explicit formulae, which give the exact proportion and improve the known lower bounds were derived in the symplectic and Hermitian case in [M. De Boeck and G. Van de Voorde. Anzahl theorems for trivially intersecting subspaces generating a non-singular subspace. I: Symplectic and Hermitian forms. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 699:367–402, 2024]. This paper deals with the more complicated quadratic case.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 51A50, 51E20\n \nKeywords: Quadratic forms, counting, non-singular subspace", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Quadratic forms" }, { "word": "counting" }, { "word": "non-singular subspace" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1324k25d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maarten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Boeck", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stichting Leerplanontwikkeling, Amersfoort, Netherlands -- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Gent, Flanders, Belgium", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Geertrui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van de Voorde", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:54:39+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:54:39+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64990/galley/49800/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64983, "title": "A realization of poset associahedra", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Given any connected poset \\(P\\), we provide a simple realization of Galashin's \\(P\\)-associahedron \\(\\mathscr A(P)\\) as a convex polytope in \\(\\mathbb R^P.\\) This realization is inspired by the description of \\(\\mathscr A(P)\\) as a compactification of the configuration space of order-preserving maps \\(P \\to \\mathbb{R}.\\) Additionally, we provide an analogous realization for Galashin's affine poset cyclohedra.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 52B11, 06A07\n \nKeywords: Poset, associahedron, cyclohedron, realization, configuration space, compactification", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Poset" }, { "word": "associahedron" }, { "word": "cyclohedron" }, { "word": "realization" }, { "word": "configuration space" }, { "word": "compactification" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82p5w9vn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sack", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:36:33+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:36:33+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64983/galley/49793/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64989, "title": "A signed \\(e\\)-expansion of the chromatic quasisymmetric function", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We prove a new signed elementary symmetric function expansion of the chromatic quasisymmetric function of any natural unit interval graph. We then use a sign-reversing involution to prove a new combinatorial formula for \\(K\\)-chains, which are graphs formed by joining cliques at single vertices. This formula immediately implies \\(e\\)-positivity and \\(e\\)-unimodality for \\(K\\)-chains. We also prove a version of our signed \\(e\\)-expansion for the chromatic symmetric function for arbitrary graphs.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05E05, 05E10, 05C15\n \nKeywords: Chromatic quasisymmetric function, elementary symmetric function, natural unit interval graph, proper colouring, Shareshian-Wachs conjecture, Stanley-Stembridge conjecture", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Chromatic quasisymmetric function" }, { "word": "elementary symmetric function" }, { "word": "natural unit interval graph" }, { "word": "proper colouring" }, { "word": "Shareshian-Wachs conjecture" }, { "word": "Stanley-Stembridge conjecture" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dc0v7wb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Foster", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:51:12+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:51:12+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64989/galley/49799/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64991, "title": "Asymptotic distribution of parameters in trivalent maps and linear lambda terms", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In this work, we study the limit distributions of various combinatorial parameters in trivalent maps, linear \\(\\lambda\\)-terms, and other related families of objects. We focus on parameters in maps which naturally correspond to parameters in \\(\\lambda\\)-terms and vice versa, allowing us to employ techniques from map theory and the \\(\\lambda\\)-calculus in a combinatorial interplay. Some examples of the parameters we study are: the number of bridges in rooted trivalent maps and of subterms in closed linear \\(\\lambda\\)-terms as well as the number of vertices of degree 1 in \\((1,3)\\)-valent maps and of free variables in open linear \\(\\lambda\\)-terms. To analyse their distributions, we introduce appropriate tools: a moment-pumping schema for differential equations and a composition schema inspired by Bender's theorem.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05A16, 05A19, 03B40, 05C30\n \nKeywords: Random maps on surfaces, lambda calculus, analytic combinatorics, limit laws", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Random maps on surfaces" }, { "word": "lambda calculus" }, { "word": "analytic combinatorics" }, { "word": "limit laws" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95k4f8wv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Olivier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bodini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "EREN, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alexandros", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "LIASD, Université Paris 8, 93200 Saint-Denis, France", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Noam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zeilberger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "LIX, École Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:57:29+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:57:29+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64991/galley/49801/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64987, "title": "Combinatorics of \\(m = 1\\) grasstopes", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A Grasstope is the image of the totally nonnegative Grassmannian \\(\\operatorname{Gr}_{\\geq 0}(k,n)\\) under a linear map \\(\\operatorname{Gr}(k,n)\\dashrightarrow \\operatorname{Gr}(k,k+m)\\). This is a generalization of the amplituhedron, a geometric object of great importance to calculating scattering amplitudes in physics. The amplituhedron is a Grasstope arising from a totally positive linear map. While amplituhedra are relatively well-studied, much less is known about general Grasstopes. We study Grasstopes in the \\(m=1\\) case and show that they can be characterized as unions of cells of a hyperplane arrangement satisfying a certain sign variation condition, extending the work of Karp and Williams. Inspired by this characterization, we also suggest a notion of a Grasstope arising from an arbitrary oriented matroid.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05E14, 14N10, 14M15\n \nKeywords: Grasstope, Grassmannian, amplituhedron, hyperplane arrangements, sign vectors, oriented matroids", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Grasstope" }, { "word": "Grassmannian" }, { "word": "amplituhedron" }, { "word": "hyperplane arrangements" }, { "word": "sign vectors" }, { "word": "oriented matroids" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71d8d238", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yelena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mandelshtam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dmitrii", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pavlov", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Faculty of Mathematics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pratt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:46:45+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:46:45+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64987/galley/49797/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64986, "title": "Maps related to polar spaces preserving an extremal Weyl distance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Let \\(\\Omega_i\\) and \\(\\Omega_j\\) be the sets of elements of respective types \\(i\\) and \\(j\\) of a polar space \\(\\Delta\\) of rank at least \\(3\\). We show that a permutation \\(\\rho\\) of \\(\\Omega_i \\cup \\Omega_j\\) with the property that, for each \\(I \\in \\Omega_i \\) and \\(J\\in\\Omega_j\\), \\(I\\) and \\(J\\) generate a maximal singular subspace in \\(\\Delta\\) if and only if \\(\\rho(I)\\) and \\(\\rho(J)\\) generate a maximal singular subspace in \\(\\Delta\\), is induced by an automorphism of \\(\\Delta\\). Building-theoretically, this means that if \\(\\rho\\) preserves a certain Weyl distance in the Tits-building corresponding to \\(\\Delta\\), then it preserves all Weyl-distances.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 51E24, 51A50\n \nKeywords: Polar spaces, Weyl distance", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Polar spaces" }, { "word": "Weyl distance" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r35q8w5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anneleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Schepper", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pasini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:43:59+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:43:59+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64986/galley/49796/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64995, "title": "Mixed radix numeration bases: Horner's rule, Yang-Baxter equation and Furstenberg's conjecture", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Mixed radix bases in numeration is a very old notion but it is rarely studied on its own or in relation with concrete problems related to number theory. Starting from the natural question of the conversion of a basis to another for integers as well as polynomials, we use mixed radix bases to introduce two-dimensional arrays with suitable filling rules. These arrays provide algorithms of conversion which use only a finite number of Euclidean division to convert from one basis to another; it is interesting to note that these algorithms are generalizations of the well-known Horner's rule of quick evaluation of polynomials. The two-dimensional arrays with local transformations are reminiscent of statistical mechanics models: we show that changes between three numeration bases are related to the set-theoretical Yang-Baxter equation and this is, up to our knowledge, the first time that such a structure is described in number theory. As an illustration, we reinterpret well-known results around Furstenberg's conjecture in terms of Yang-Baxter transformations between mixed radix bases, hence opening the way to alternative approaches.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 11A63, 11A67, 16T25\n \nKeywords: Numeration basis, Yang-Baxter equation", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Numeration basis" }, { "word": "Yang-Baxter equation" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jj0b04v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Damien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Simon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sorbonne Université and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation, 4, place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T21:10:19+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T21:10:19+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64995/galley/49805/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64980, "title": "On the scaling of random Tamari intervals and Schnyder woods of random triangulations (with an asymptotic D-finite trick)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We consider a Tamari interval of size \\(n\\) (i.e., a pair of Dyck paths which are comparable for the Tamari relation) chosen uniformly at random. We show that the height of a uniformly chosen vertex on the upper or lower path scales as \\(n^{3/4}\\), and has an explicit limit law.\nBy the Bernardi-Bonichon bijection, this result also describes the height of points in the canonical Schnyder trees of a uniform random plane triangulation of size \\(n\\).\nThe exact solution of the model is based on polynomial equations with one and two catalytic variables. To prove the convergence from the exact solution, we use a version of moment pumping based on D-finiteness, which is essentially automatic and should apply to many other models. We are not sure to have seen this simple trick used before.\n \nIt would be interesting to study the universality of this convergence for decomposition trees associated to positive Bousquet-Mélou-Jehanne equations.\n \n \n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05A15, 05A16, 60F99\n \nKeywords: Tamari lattice, interval, scaling limit, asymptotics, method of moments, algebraic functions, computer algebra, random triangulation, catalytic variables, discrete differential equation", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Tamari lattice" }, { "word": "interval" }, { "word": "scaling limit" }, { "word": "asymptotics" }, { "word": "method of moments" }, { "word": "algebraic functions" }, { "word": "computer algebra" }, { "word": "random triangulation" }, { "word": "catalytic variables" }, { "word": "discrete differential equation" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hx6n8jw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guillaume", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chapuy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université Paris Cité, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:26:54+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:26:54+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64980/galley/49790/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64979, "title": "Systems of Discrete Differential Equations, Constructive Algebraicity of the Solutions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In this article, we study systems of \\(n\\geq 1\\), not necessarily linear, discrete differential equations (DDEs) of order \\(k\\geq 1\\) with one catalytic variable. We provide a constructive and elementary proof of algebraicity of the solutions of such equations. This part of the present article can be seen as a generalization of the pioneering work by Bousquet-Mélou and Jehanne (2006) who settled down the case \\(n=1\\). Moreover, we obtain effective bounds for the algebraicity degrees of the solutions and provide an algorithm for computing annihilating polynomials of the algebraic series. Finally, we compare three different strategies for solving systems of DDEs in view of practical applications.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05A99, 13A99, 14R15\n \nKeywords: Catalytic variable, algebraic series, formal power series, discrete differential equations, polynomial systems", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Catalytic variable" }, { "word": "algebraic series" }, { "word": "formal power series" }, { "word": "discrete differential equations" }, { "word": "polynomial systems" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58x5z12z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hadrien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Notarantonio", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "IRIF, CNRS UMR 8243, Université Paris Cité, France", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sergey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yurkevich", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "A&R TECH, Dietz-von-Weidenberg-Gasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:23:35+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:23:35+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64979/galley/49789/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64994, "title": "The cyclicity rank of empty lattice simplices", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We are interested in algebraic properties of empty lattice simplices \\(\\Delta\\), that is, \\(d\\)-dimensional lattice polytopes containing exactly \\(d+1\\) points of the integer lattice \\(\\mathbb{Z}^d\\). The cyclicity rank of \\(\\Delta\\) is the minimal number of cyclic subgroups that the quotient group of \\(\\Delta\\) splits into. It is known that up to dimension \\(d \\leq 4\\), every empty lattice \\(d\\)-simplex is cyclic, meaning that its cyclicity rank is at most \\(1\\). We determine the maximal possible cyclicity rank of an empty lattice \\(d\\)-simplex for dimensions \\(d \\leq 8\\), and determine the asymptotics of this number up to a logarithmic term.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 52B20, 11H06, 14E30\n \nKeywords: Empty lattice simplices, quotient groups, Hermite normal forms", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Empty lattice simplices" }, { "word": "quotient groups" }, { "word": "Hermite normal forms" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49g6g85x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lukas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abend", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Germany", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schymura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Germany", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T21:07:45+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T21:07:45+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64994/galley/49804/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64982, "title": "The probability that a random triple of dice is transitive", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "An \\(n\\)-sided die is an \\(n\\)-tuple of positive integers. We say that a die \\((a_1,\\dots,a_n)\\) beats a die \\((b_1,\\dots,b_n)\\) if the number of pairs \\((i,j)\\) such that \\(a_i›b_j\\) is greater than the number of pairs \\((i,j)\\) such that \\(a_i‹b_j\\). We show that for a natural model of random \\(n\\)-sided dice, if \\(A, B\\) and \\(C\\) are three random dice then the probability that \\(A\\) beats \\(C\\) given that \\(A\\) beats \\(B\\) and \\(B\\) beats \\(C\\) is approximately 1/2. In other words, the information that \\(A\\) beats \\(B\\) and \\(B\\) beats \\(C\\) has almost no effect on the probability that \\(A\\) beats \\(C\\). This proves a statement that was conjectured by Conrey, Gabbard, Grant, Liu and Morrison for a different model.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 60C05\n \nKeywords: Intransitive dice, central limit theorems", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Intransitive dice" }, { "word": "central limit theorems" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62c6g1zm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "D. H. J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Polymath", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:33:10+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:33:10+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64982/galley/49792/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64981, "title": "Tutte polynomials of matroids as universal valuative invariants", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We provide a full classification of all families of matroids that are closed under duality and minors, and for which the Tutte polynomial is a universal valuative invariant. There are four inclusion-wise maximal families, two of which are the class of elementary split matroids and the class of graphic Schubert matroids. As a consequence of our framework, we derive new relations among Tutte polynomials of matroids. For example, we show that the Tutte polynomial of every matroid can be expressed uniquely as an integral combination of Tutte polynomials of graphic Schubert matroids.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05B35, 05C31, 52B40, 52B45\n \nKeywords: Tutte polynomials, matroids, geometric lattices, matroid polytopes, valuations", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Tutte polynomials" }, { "word": "matroids" }, { "word": "geometric lattices" }, { "word": "matroid polytopes" }, { "word": "valuations" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61x272pg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Luis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferroni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (NJ), U.S.A.", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schröter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:29:47+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:29:47+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64981/galley/49791/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64993, "title": "Two constructions of quaternary Legendre pairs of even length", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We give the first general constructions of even length quaternary Legendre pairs: there is a quaternary Legendre pair of length \\((q-1)/2\\) for every prime power \\(q\\) congruent to \\(1\\) modulo \\(4\\), and there is a quaternary Legendre pair of length \\(2p\\) for every odd prime \\(p\\) for which \\(2p-1\\) is a prime power.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05B20, 05B30\n \nKeywords: Legendre pair, quaternary Legendre pair, Goethals-Seidel sequences, Hadamard matrix", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Legendre pair" }, { "word": "quaternary Legendre pair" }, { "word": "Goethals-Seidel sequences" }, { "word": "Hadamard matrix" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m2d1sj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jedwab", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pender", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T21:05:07+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T21:05:07+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64993/galley/49803/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64984, "title": "Upho lattices I: examples and non-examples of cores", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A poset is called upper homogeneous, or \"upho,\" if every principal order filter of the poset is isomorphic to the whole poset. We study (finite type \\(\\mathbb{N}\\)-graded) upho lattices, with an eye towards their classification. Any upho lattice has associated to it a finite graded lattice called its core, which determines its rank generating function. We investigate which finite graded lattices arise as cores of upho lattices, providing both positive and negative results. On the one hand, we show that many well-studied finite lattices do arise as cores, and we present combinatorial and algebraic constructions of the upho lattices into which they embed. On the other hand, we show there are obstructions which prevent many finite lattices from being cores.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 06A07, 05B35, 06C10, 20M32\n \nKeywords: Upho posets, rank generating functions, characteristic polynomials, geometric lattices, supersolvable lattices, Dowling lattices, Garside monoids", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Upho posets" }, { "word": "rank generating functions" }, { "word": "characteristic polynomials" }, { "word": "geometric lattices" }, { "word": "supersolvable lattices" }, { "word": "Dowling lattices" }, { "word": "Garside monoids" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w34138p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hopkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:38:46+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:38:46+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64984/galley/49794/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64985, "title": "Viennot shadows and graded module structure in colored permutation groups", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Let \\(\\mathbf{x}_{n \\times n}\\) be a matrix of \\(n \\times n\\) variables, and let \\(\\mathbb{C}[\\mathbf{x}_{n \\times n}]\\) be the polynomial ring on these variables. Let \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\) be the group of colored permutations, consisting of \\({n \\times n}\\) complex matrices with exactly one nonzero entry in each row and column, where each nonzero entry is an \\(r\\)-th root of unity. We associate an ideal \\(I_{\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}} \\subseteq \\mathbb{C}[\\mathbf{x}_{n \\times n}]\\) with the group \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\), and use orbit harmonics to give an ideal-theoretic extension of the Viennot shadow line construction to \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\). This extension gives a standard monomial basis of \\(\\mathbb{C}[\\mathbf{x}_{n \\times n}]/I_{\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}}\\), and introduces an analogous definition of \"longest increasing subsequence\" to the group \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\). We examine the extension of Chen's conjecture to this analogy. We also study the structure of \\(\\mathbb{C}[\\mathbf{x}_{n \\times n}]/I_{\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}}\\) as a graded \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r} \\times \\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\) module, which subsequently induces a graded \\(\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r} \\times \\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}\\) module structure on the \\(\\mathbb{C}\\)-algebra \\(\\mathbb{C}[\\mathfrak{S}_{n,r}]\\).\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 05E10, 05E16, 05E18, 05E14\n \nKeywords: Viennot's shadow lines, orbit harmonics, ideals, graded modules", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Viennot's shadow lines" }, { "word": "orbit harmonics" }, { "word": "ideals" }, { "word": "graded modules" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xr6d7m1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jasper", "middle_name": "Moxuan", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, California, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T20:41:05+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T20:41:05+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64985/galley/49795/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 64992, "title": "Volume inequalities for flow polytopes of full directed acyclic graphs", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Given a finite directed acyclic graph, the space of non-negative unit flows is a lattice polytope called the flow polytope of the graph. We consider the volumes of flow polytopes for directed acyclic graphs on \\(n+1\\) vertices with a fixed degree sequence, with a focus on graphs having in- and out-degree two on every internal vertex. When the out-degree of the source is three and the number of vertices is fixed, we prove that there is an interchange operation on the edge set of these graphs that induces a partial order on the graphs isomorphic to a Boolean algebra. Further, we prove that as we move up through this partial order, the volumes of the corresponding flow polytopes weakly decrease. Finally, we show that each such graph is strongly planar and we provide an alternative interpretation of our results in the context of linear extensions for posets that are bipartite non-crossing trees.\n \nMathematics Subject Classifications: 52B20, 05C20, 05C21, 52B05\n \nKeywords: Flow polytopes, Volumes, Posets, Linear Extensions, Degree Sequence", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Flow polytopes" }, { "word": "Volumes" }, { "word": "Posets" }, { "word": "Linear Extensions" }, { "word": "Degree Sequence" } ], "section": "Research Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jg945c8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Braun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, U.S.A.", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "Ford", "last_name": "McElroy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, U.S.A.", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-15T21:00:25+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T21:00:25+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T12:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/combinatorial_theory/article/64992/galley/49802/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 43494, "title": "Intravenous Low-Dose Buprenorphine for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department: A Case Series ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Buprenorphine is used for treating opioid use disorder, but its role as an analgesic in the emergency department (ED) is frequently overlooked. Emerging evidence indicates that, at low doses, it can be used safely and advantageously as an alternative to full-agonist opioids for treating acute pain.</p>\n<p><strong>Case Series: </strong>This case series examines the novel use of intravenous (IV) low-dose buprenorphine for acute pain management in the ED for five patients presenting with diverse past medical history and varied painful indications.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenous low-dose buprenorphine may represent an important new tool in our ED armamentarium, and research into its role in emergency pain management is warranted. Further work is needed to determine optimal dosing strategies and identify which patients will be most likely to benefit from IV low-dosebuprenorphine in the ED.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "buprenorphine" }, { "word": "acute pain" }, { "word": "Analgesia" }, { "word": "Opioids" } ], "section": "Case Series", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x35f05c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "Bryan", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "Geoffrey", "last_name": "Ashenburg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Park", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford Health Care, Department of Pharmacy, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Terence", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ahern", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-02-13T07:14:24.346000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-11T23:45:42.444000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T09:34:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/43494/galley/38473/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41530, "title": "51-Year-Old Male with Back Pain, Groin Pain, and a Rash", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>A 51-year-old male presented to the emergency department with back pain, bilateral groin pain, and bilateral leg numbness for four days. He was hypothermic, tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypotensive on presentation. A diffuse purpuric rash with bullae and desquamation was noted on exam. This case explores the differential diagnosis and evaluation of an ill patient who presented with an impressive rash.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Clinicopathological Cases from the University of Maryland", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8s38g7nf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lorado", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mhonda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bobbi-Jo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lowie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Bontempo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "T.", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Windsor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-24T23:18:51.534000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-10T23:43:48.672000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T09:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/41530/galley/38470/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47005, "title": "Hypokalemia-induced Type 1 Brugada Reveals Type 3 Brugada Pattern with Repletion: Case Report", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brugada syndrome is a ventricular arrhythmia and type of sodium channelopathy that can be seen in the absence of structural heart disease. Recognition of this pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG) is important for stabilization and correction of underlying triggers that can be addressed in the emergency department (ED).</p>\n<p><strong>Case report: </strong>We describe a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with chest pain and was found to have type 1 Brugada pattern in the setting of severe hypokalemia. Repletion of potassium later revealed type 3 Brugada pattern followed by resolution on repeat ECG.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Rapid identification of underlying metabolic derangements that can trigger Brugada syndrome is important in the ED setting. Correction of the underlying abnormality can reveal a type 3 pattern with subsequent resolution of the pattern if well-controlled.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Hypokalemia" }, { "word": "Brugada" }, { "word": "case report" }, { "word": "Type I brugada" }, { "word": "Type III brugada" } ], "section": "Case Reports", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rn6x872", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Christina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cantwell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Langdorf", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-13T00:45:25.877000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-21T01:37:21.193000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T09:06:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/47005/galley/38487/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 38452, "title": "Medical and Legal Risks in Tibial Plateau Fractures", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Tibial plateau fractures, which comprise about 1% of all fractures, can be challenging to diagnose in the emergency department setting. Missed and delayed diagnoses can result in poor outcomes for patients and legal risks for clinicians, necessitating a high level of vigilance.</p>\n<p><strong>Case Series: </strong>In this article we review three malpractice cases related to tibial plateau fractures. Key issues included missed or delayed diagnosis, mismanagement of associated complications, inadequate discharge instructions, and lack of documentation.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Tibial plateau fractures can be challenging to identify, heightening the risk of downstream complications. As a result, emergency physicians must remain vigilant in assessing patients who are at increased risk for these injuries and document their efforts to both evaluate for and communicate these risks to patients.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tibial plateau" }, { "word": "Malpractice" }, { "word": "liability" } ], "section": "Medical Legal Case Report", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gv4q8w1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lindor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, MN", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Summer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ghaith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Phoenix, AZ", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Newberry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, CA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aaron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thomas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix, AZ", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-10-29T00:31:44.144000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-11T23:55:10.241000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T08:59:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/38452/galley/38471/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49000, "title": "List of Authors", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Front Matter", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zh420b0", "frozenauthors": [], "date_submitted": "2025-07-14T22:43:00.732000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-14T22:54:13.570000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:16:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/49000/galley/36951/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/49000/galley/36951/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48999, "title": "Table of Contents", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Front Matter", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ph5472n", "frozenauthors": [], "date_submitted": "2025-07-14T22:41:14.158000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-14T22:51:32.320000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:16:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48999/galley/36950/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48999/galley/36950/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48998, "title": "Front Matter", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Front Matter", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q06s04c", "frozenauthors": [], "date_submitted": "2025-07-14T22:36:16.602000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-14T22:37:38.238000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:15:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48998/galley/36949/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48998/galley/36949/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48973, "title": "The Colonial Construction of Indian Country: Native American Literatures and Federal Indian Law", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x87b9bm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "James", "last_name": "Reed", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California State University, Long Beach", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-12T02:43:21.404000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-12T02:45:10.460000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:14:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48973/galley/36948/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/48973/galley/36948/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47478, "title": "Editorial Statement", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "editorial statement" } ], "section": "Front Matter", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60f6m0fk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "Delgado", "last_name": "Shorter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "AICRJ" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-05-20T01:28:38.485000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-20T01:54:20.287000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:13:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47478/galley/36947/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47478/galley/36947/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47416, "title": "These Potatoes Look Like Humans: The Contested Future of Land, Home, and Death in South Africa", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wz6j054", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "T. J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tallie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Diego", "department": "History" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-05-14T05:21:33.752000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-20T01:51:51.796000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:11:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47416/galley/36946/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47416/galley/36946/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47398, "title": "Witness to the Human Rights Tribunals: How the System Fails Indigenous Peoples", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tj7s59k", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "Nicholas", "last_name": "Persaud", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Western Ontario", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-05-12T23:37:18.627000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-20T01:53:37.631000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:08:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47398/galley/36945/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47398/galley/36945/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47335, "title": "Dreaming Our Futures: Ojibwe and Očhéthi Šakówiƞ Artists and Knowledge Keepers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rr306ch", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mae", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Virginia Tech", "department": "", "country": "United States" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-05-02T23:39:28.939000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-02T23:41:46.630000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:06:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47335/galley/36944/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47335/galley/36944/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47226, "title": "Refusing Settler Domesticity: Native Women's Labor and Resistance in the Bay Area Outing Program ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05m3x0g5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Gabrielle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Velazquez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "San Bernardino Valley Community College", "department": "History Department" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-04-14T10:10:35.811000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-15T19:48:51.253000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:03:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47226/galley/36943/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47226/galley/36943/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47106, "title": "A Council of Dolls ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m93j22q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Katie", "middle_name": "Lynne", "last_name": "Hiler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Santa Cruz", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-31T00:59:34.947000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-07T19:57:53.311000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T03:02:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47106/galley/36942/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47106/galley/36942/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47045, "title": "Of Living Stone: Perspectives on Continuous Knowledge and the Work of Vine Deloria, Jr. ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Vine Deloria" } ], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/146701dm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kerri", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Malloy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "San Jose State University", "department": "Sociology and Interdisciplinary Social Sciences" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-20T03:07:30.416000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-28T02:06:43.311000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:59:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47045/galley/36941/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/47045/galley/36941/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41513, "title": "Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8970w39b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Delaney", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McNulty", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University at Buffalo", "department": "Indigenous Studies" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Caldwell", "name_suffix": "Jr.", "institution": "University of Buffalo", "department": "Indigenous Studies" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-19T05:48:27.260000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-12-31T21:54:06.777000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:56:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/41513/galley/36940/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/41513/galley/36940/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 40233, "title": "Sounds of Tohi: Cherokee Health and Well-Being in Southern Appalachia", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64p239qz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Cesar", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Barreras", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "Anthropology" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-05T06:40:57+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-10T21:54:36.370000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:55:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/40233/galley/36939/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/40233/galley/36939/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35606, "title": "Thoughts and Prayers: Comparing Public Apologies for Residential Schools in Canada ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Apologies are politically fraught. The act of publicly naming an issue and offering an apology is something that is increasingly called for and received within Canadian federal politics. Prime ministers have increasingly engaged in apology work, particularly in relation to the ongoing impacts and consequences of settler colonialism. In the shadow of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Final Report, the necessity of owning and giving voice to responsibility for violence perpetrated by the Canadian state against Indigenous children, families, and nations is increasingly obvious. The spring and summer of 2021 have brought about the research (both ground- penetrating software and archival) to relocate suspected previously unrecorded and/or unmarked burials of Indigenous children on the grounds of former residential schools. Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s 2008 apology for residential schools marked an important first apology by a sitting prime minister for residential schools. In 2021, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau offered a more informal apology, in the aftermath of the research to relocate potential unmarked burial sites at residential schools. These two apologies offered by sitting Canadian prime ministers regarding residential schools occur on either side of the important event of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, socially and politically coordinating the discourse of reconciliation. This research study examines the texts of the 2021 and 2008 public apologies for residential schools to render visible the often-disappeared patterns and conventions of the language and context of settler apology. This paper picks up the “age of apology” and questions whether the contemporary state responses to the suspected unmarked graves at residential schools demonstrate the continuation or the recession of the deployment of public apology as the major vehicle of settler colonial discourses of reconciliation. Ultimately, based on a comparison of these two apologies, this paper argues that official state apologies remain largely performative. Despite the transformative impacts of the commission, the “age of apology” persists, evidenced by similar strategies and discursive markers in apologies issued by prime ministers both before and after the commission and final report. This study examines the continuity of apology politics and the role these apologies hold in perpetuating settler obfuscation of responsibility in ongoing colonial violence. </p>\n<p> </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "settler violence" }, { "word": "apology politics" }, { "word": "State apologies" }, { "word": "Era of Apology" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tw3c375", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "Morton", "last_name": "Richards", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Memorial University of Newfoundland", "department": "Sociology" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-10-01T05:45:32.193000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-02T23:50:01.704000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:53:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/35606/galley/36938/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/35606/galley/36938/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35600, "title": "“Their Beautiful Storycraft”: Restoring the Original Manuscripts for Schoolcraft’s <em>Algic Researches</em> by William Johnston and Others", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Henry R. Schoolcraft’s <em>Algic Researches</em> was the first significant collection of authentic Native American tales. However, it was so flawed that its import has been generally dismissed by scholars, who have shown more interest in critiquing Schoolcraft than in studying the stories themselves. It has long been known some of the manuscripts by William Johnston were in the Schoolcraft papers at the Library of Congress. I have now transcribed these and many others, restoring the originals modified by Schoolcraft for his books. The result is not only an opportunity to give credit to the Ojibwe-speaking mixed-blood collectors and translators of these tales but also to evaluate the modifications Schoolcraft made. It turns out most of the divergences from later professional collections are in the originals and cannot be attributed to Schoolcraftsmanship. One of the restored manuscripts, Chusco’s Shagwonabee as told to William Johnston in 1836, is included as an example.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Anishinaabe tales" }, { "word": "Algic Researches" } ], "section": "Commentary", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ps7z4mb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Eliot", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Singer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "Retired" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-30T03:04:01.594000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-06T05:26:16.731000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:52:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/35600/galley/36937/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/35600/galley/36937/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 34870, "title": "<!--StartFragment-->\nStories of Our Living Ephemera: Storytelling Methodologies in the Archives of the Cherokee National Seminaries, 1846–1907\n<!--EndFragment-->", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Review", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78k9x218", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jewel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cummins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "American Indian Studies" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-28T00:45:18.672000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-09-17T20:12:34.261000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:50:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/34870/galley/36936/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/34870/galley/36936/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 21219, "title": "Kanaka ʻŌiwi Leadership in Hawaiian-Focused Charter Schools: Advancing Cultural Revitalization and Educational Sovereignty ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>This study investigates the fundamental values, beliefs, and principles that guide the leadership of Native Hawaiian principals (<em>poʻokumu</em>) in Hawaiian-focused charter schools. Through an ethnographic case study approach, the lived experiences of seven<em> poʻokumu/poʻokula</em> (out of fourteen possible participants) were meticulously gathered via surveys and individual and group interviews and subjected to a thorough coding process. The research uncovered key themes in modern <em>Kanaka ʻōiwi</em> (Native Hawaiian) leadership. The study found that all participants prioritized the integration of <em>ʻIke, ʻŌlelo,</em> and <em>Nohona Hawaiʻi</em> (Hawaiian knowledge, language, and way of life) with academic content to educate their <em>haumana</em> (students). In addition, all principals emphasized <em>haumana</em>-centered learning, <em>kaiāulu</em> (community) collaboration and support, and transformational leadership. They highlighted the importance of developing <em>kumu</em> (teachers) to implement Hawaiian culture-based education. Furthermore, the principals underscored the concept of <em>kuleana hana</em> (sense of responsibility) as central to their leadership. These findings provide significant insights into Indigenous leadership and the role of culturally responsive education in Hawaiian-focused charter schools. The study's implications suggest that embracing Indigenous values and practices can enhance educational leadership and foster an environment that supports academic excellence, indigenous knowledge, and cultural preservation.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Kanaka Principalship" }, { "word": "ʻŌiwi Leadership" }, { "word": "Indigenous leadership" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z47841h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kanoe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-05-21T04:23:39.956000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-12-02T11:59:08.501000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:48:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/21219/galley/36935/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/21219/galley/36935/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 20293, "title": "Fostering Financial Inclusion by Ensuring Cultural Fit: The Case of the NCDFI Industry", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Native Community Development Financial Institutions (NCDFIs) play a vital role in extending credit to underserved Native communities, yet there is no systematic overview in the existing literature of the lending approaches of NCDFIs. Analyzing original interviews with NCDFI leaders, we unveil the core practices and modes of operation in the NCDFI industry. We find that NCDFIs prioritize comprehensive goals, form strategic partnerships, customize financial and development products and services, and employ inclusive metrics of success. Emphasizing a person-centric approach, NCDFIs aim to enhance financial inclusion while empowering Native communities. Our analysis underscores NCDFIs' crucial role in fostering financial resilience while maintaining commitment to cultural compatibility.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Indian Country" }, { "word": "lending" }, { "word": "Native CDFIs" }, { "word": "cultural fit" }, { "word": "Native communities" }, { "word": "financial inclusion" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08j4s8t9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Valentina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dimitrova-Grajzl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Virginia Military Institute", "department": "Economics and Business" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grajzl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Washington and Lee University", "department": "Economics" }, { "first_name": "Michou", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kokodoko", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis", "department": "Community Development and Engagement" }, { "first_name": "Laurel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wheeler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alberta", "department": "Economics" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-03-01T01:55:29.914000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-07-18T23:26:12.119000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:47:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/20293/galley/36934/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/20293/galley/36934/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 20289, "title": "A Guide to Inter-Indigenous Co-Labbing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Northern Plains inter-Indigenous relations have been affected by racist, gendered, heteronormative colonial laws, policies, fantasies, discourses, and geopolitical borders. American and Canadian settler statecraft apparatuses, which include federal statutes and acts, have worked to codify Indigenous peoples into “monoethnic identities” (Vrooman 2012, 15) as grounds for defining indigeneity, questioning legitimacy, managing populations, severing relationalities, stealing lands and resources, and mitigating Indigenous resistances. While Nêhiyaw scholar Rob Alexander Innes and settler scholar Nicholas P. Vrooman argue that the Iron Alliance—an economic, military and social confederacy comprising Northern Plains Nêhiyaw, Nakoda, Métis, and Anishinaabe multicultural bands (Innes 2021, 94) active from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries—has been broadly “overlooked by US scholars” (Vrooman 2012, 6), we affirm that Indigenous women and gender-diverse voices have been historically unheard and unseen between the lines of published Iron Alliance historiographies. Our research seeks to activate gendered inter-Indigenous networks, to reconceptualize critical borderland studies, and to situate place (in particular, Winnipeg) as a constellation of kinscapes. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Iron Alliance" }, { "word": "inter-Indigenous networks and futurities" }, { "word": "Critical Borderland Studies" }, { "word": "Indigenous Feminisms" }, { "word": "poly-kinetic" }, { "word": "Inter-Indigenous Futurities" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73865494", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Iapi debwewin aansaamb", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-02-27T06:57:03.194000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-12-02T11:55:20.617000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:45:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/20289/galley/36933/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/20289/galley/36933/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 6553, "title": "Pan-Indianism and Authenti(city): Refusing Colonial Borders ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Pan-Indianism is an ambiguous and controversial concept. There is confusion regarding what the concept means and what purposes it serves. Some scholars describe resistance as the core tenet of pan-Indianism, focusing on the historical intertribal alliances formed to fight colonial powers. Others argue that it homogenizes Indigenous cultures and perpetuates stereotypes and appropriation. Despite these discrepancies, pan-Indianism remains consistently associated with urban spaces. This article explores this association by tracing pan-Indianism to an area of scholarship known as acculturation studies and argues that pan-Indianism functions as a grammar of colonialism. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Pan-Indianism" }, { "word": "Urban Indigeneity" }, { "word": "Decolonization" }, { "word": "acculturation" }, { "word": "borders" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09j929rj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sydney", "middle_name": "Ann", "last_name": "Beckmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "American Indian Studies" } ], "date_submitted": "2023-11-09T04:07:47.896000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-06-20T05:13:05.263000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:44:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/6553/galley/36932/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/6553/galley/36932/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 1482, "title": "Self-Kindness, Mindfulness, and Common Humanity: Effects of Self-Compassion on Well-Being for Indigenous Participants in Self-Compassion–Related Interventions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Self-compassion is associated empirically with well-being among Western populations and conceptually with traditional Indigenous wellness concepts of self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity, suggesting self-compassion may be useful when designing mental wellness interventions with Indigenous communities. This systematic review sought to explore how self-compassion relates to well-being within Indigenous communities and the possible mechanisms at work. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We completed a thematic analysis of qualitative research with Indigenous youth and adults participating in interventions that promote aspects of self-compassion and outcomes related to well-being. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> A link between self-compassion and well-being was revealed through three themes: connection (new relationships, stronger relationships, and spirituality), enhanced awareness (of mind, body, and environment), and self-empowerment. We discuss parallels among these themes and traditional Indigenous concepts of wellness, including the Mitakuye Oyasin prayer of the Lakota, The Seven Grandfather Teachings of the Anishinaabe, and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A focus on self-compassion may be useful in promoting well-being among Indigenous individuals and communities. Larger culture-specific and systematic studies on self-compassion, especially with Indigenous youth, are needed. We suggest that a Mi’kmaq Two-Eyed Seeing approach may capture the synergy between Western and Indigenous conceptions of self-compassion as Indigenous communities grapple with urgent mental health and suicide crises. </p>\n<p> </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Indigenous" }, { "word": "wellbeing" }, { "word": "Self-Compassion" }, { "word": "Mindfulness" }, { "word": "Intervention" }, { "word": "Wellness" }, { "word": "Well-Being" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90v3t7tj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nichaela", "middle_name": "Gabrielle", "last_name": "Garvey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "York University", "department": "Psychology" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hankey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "York University", "department": "Psychology" }, { "first_name": "Yvonne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bohr", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "York University", "department": "Psychology" }, { "first_name": "Jenna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barnhardt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "York University", "department": "Psychology" } ], "date_submitted": "2023-07-01T05:21:44.047000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-05-10T22:07:45.852000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:40:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/1482/galley/36931/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/aicrj/article/1482/galley/36931/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 61845, "title": "Bridging the Gap Towards Developing Emergency Medicine: ED-based and -trained Attendings Outperform Attendings from Hospital Departments Rotating in the ED", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Introduction: In Greece, Emergency Departments (EDs) are currently staffed with medical personnel without formal training in Emergency Medicine (EM). These attendings come from various medical specialty training backgrounds. The aim of the study was how ED-based attendings who have been trained in the ED for more than a year, can handle medical emergency cases compared to attendings from other medical department in terms of ED length of stay (ED-LOS). </p>\n<p>Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. We examined the “waiting time “(Time between ED arrival/triage and Time first seen by a Physician?) and the duration between when patients were first cared for in the ED by a physician until the decision to admit or discharge (“Care Time”) (Time between Seen by physician AND Disposition). We recorded time periods from 18 different days from the EMR dataset. The study was conducted in a large ED in Athens, Greece, with 120,000 ED visits per year. We enrolled 5572 medical patients who visited the ED. The IBM SPSS v.27.0 statistic program was used for statistical analysis. </p>\n<p>Results: The total “waiting time” of patients was 164.1±255.9 min and the “care time” of patients was 41.3±74.1 min. The ED-based attendings had significantly less patient waiting time (126.4±264.7 vs. 199.1±243.2, p=0.008) and fewer patients were waiting to be seen (2.1±1.9 vs. 4.6±4.1, p=0.001) than attendings from other medical department rotating in the ED. The ED-based attendings had significantly less time investigating and treating patients in the ED than the attendings from other medical departments (37.3±76.8 vs. 45.6±70.9, p=0.048). </p>\n<p>Conclusion: Our study confirms that EM training can improve the quality of care, by decreasing waiting time, workup and management time in the ED. Greater benefits should be expected as Greece develops formal EM residency training. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Emergency Physicians" }, { "word": "medical attendings" }, { "word": "Emergency Departments" }, { "word": "Length of Stay" }, { "word": "Waiting time" } ], "section": "Original Research", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f03s04t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "George", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Intas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mairi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Agrogianni", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xanthi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Koufomichali", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Napoleon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsogas", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lithari", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "George", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karagiannis", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Charikleia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Asiki", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dimitrios", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsiftsis", "name_suffix": "MD, ED", "institution": "General hospital of Nikaia, Agios Panteleimon", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-01-09T17:14:46+05:30", "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_medjem/article/61845/galley/48708/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_medjem/article/61845/galley/48708/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 63059, "title": "High Level Disinfection at Bedside? High Level Disinfection Wipes for Ultrasound Probes in the ED", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>A 26-year-old woman presents with a oneday history of lower abdominal cramping. She reports a positive home pregnancy test, with her last menstrual period occurring six weeks ago. On examination, she is hemodynamically stable but has mild tenderness in the suprapubic region. You perform a bedside transvaginal ultrasound confirming a 6-week intrauterine pregnancy with an appropriate fetal heart rate and no adnexal masses. After reassuring her, you arrange follow-up with the on-call OB/GYN and discharge her within 90 minutes of her arrival. As you hand the transvaginal ultrasound probe to the ED technician, they ask for guidance on how to properly clean it. </p>\n<p>Typically, probes used on the skin surface are cleaned after each use by removing visible contamination, followed by disinfection with a lowlevel disinfectant (LLD). LLDs, which are often alcohol- or quaternary ammonium compoundbased, are applied via spray or wipes. </p>\n<p>However, internal probes, such as those used for transvaginal imaging, are more prone to contamination, even when probe covers and LLDs are used. One study reported a condom breakage rate of up to 13% during transvaginal examinations. Another study found bacterial contamination rates of 33.7% after sheath removal, which decreased to 12.9% after LLD cleaning. Similarly, viral contamination rates were 19.4% after sheath removal and dropped to 1.0% following LLD cleaning. Due to the significant risk of crosscontamination, current guidelines recommend highlevel disinfection (HLD) for ultrasound transducers after internal use. </p>\n<p>Traditional HLD systems often utilize chemical solutions like glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide and require a separate device for cleaning. However, in 2023, the FDA approved an HLD solution in a wipe form, which is now available in the U.S. as an alternative to machine-based HLD platforms. These wipes have been approved and used in Europe since 2008. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Other", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j6862pp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Bruce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lo", "name_suffix": "MD FAAEM", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Melissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Myers", "name_suffix": "MD FAAEM", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_medjem/article/63059/galley/48707/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 63058, "title": " Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Other", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z93m6nk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stampfl", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "University of Wisconsin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rezny", "name_suffix": "DO FAAEM", "institution": "University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-15T02:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_medjem/article/63058/galley/49088/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 46996, "title": "The processing of subject-verb agreement with postverbal subjects in Italian", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>The processing of subject-verb number agreement has been extensively studied when the subject precedes the verb; by contrast, agreement processing in dependencies in which the subject follows the verb has been less investigated. To address this gap, the authors measured the processing of sentences with postverbal subjects in Italian adults, investigating the role of syntactic structure and discourse licensing on agreement processing. They tested whether number agreement violations in verb-subject orders were processed differently depending on whether they occurred in transitive structures with clitic-left dislocation versus unaccusative structures with locative inversion. Because transitive structures are temporarily ambiguous and more constrained by discourse conditions than unaccusative structures, the authors hypothesized that the former might increase comprehenders’ memory load and impair the detection of agreement violations. The results of speeded acceptability judgments and self-paced reading tasks failed to support this hypothesis. However, transitive structures were accepted less often in isolation and elicited higher reading times than unaccusative structures, consistent with an increased cognitive load. The authors propose that the two structures are processed differently, but that this does not affect the computation of morphosyntactic relations like agreement. Instead, measures targeting interpretative processes—like discourse integration—may be more promising for future research.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Regular Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76s6t9xc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Listanti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, DE; University of Trento, Italy", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sol", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lago", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, DE", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jacopo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Torregrossa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, DE", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-11T15:22:53.253000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-27T20:39:30.266000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-15T01:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "XML", "type": "xml", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/46996/galley/36775/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "XML", "type": "xml", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/46996/galley/36775/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/glossapsycholinguistics/article/46996/galley/36776/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35431, "title": "Assessing Judgment Bias in Ambassador Animals: Two Case Studies", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Judgment bias tasks assess optimism and pessimism through responses to ambiguous stimuli. When interacting with ambiguous stimuli, optimistic individuals anticipate receiving a reward whereas pessimistic individuals anticipate a lack of reward, with these differing expectations reflected in approach time. Researchers have used these tests to assess animals’ reactions to assumed positive and negative contexts, but rarely to assess the effects of participation in ambassador programs. We tested two ambassador animals—a domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) and a red tegu (Salvator rufescens)—after exposure to zoo visitors. Once they learned that a container on the left contained food whereas a container on the right contained no food, we introduced an ambiguous container equidistant from the left and right locations. We assessed the chicken’s judgment biases when she was perched or held. We assessed the tegu’s judgment bias when visitors were allowed to touch him or not. The chicken displayed pessimism whether she was held or perched, but the tegu displayed pessimism only when no visitor touch occurred, suggesting that touch may not be aversive to the tegu, but that interacting with visitors may have deleterious effects on the chicken. We encourage the use of these tests to inform the use of animals in ambassador programs. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "red tegu" }, { "word": "domestic chicken" }, { "word": "visitor interactions" }, { "word": "pessimism" }, { "word": "optimism" } ], "section": "Research Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12v8f0xv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jordyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Truax", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Louisiana State University of Alexandria", "department": "Psychology" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vonk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Oakland University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-16T05:06:12.410000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-23T02:49:43.705000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-14T21:28:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "Truax_final", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/35431/galley/36924/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "Truax_final", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/35431/galley/36924/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41205, "title": "Impact of Dobbs on Evaluation and Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy: National Survey of Emergency Physicians", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Inconsistent and ever-changing state abortion laws across the United States raise the possibility of deviation from established standards of emergency care. Yet the experiences of emergency physicians in this era have not been captured. We sought to examine the experiences of US emergency physicians in the management of presumed ectopic pregnancy since the Dobbs Supreme Court ruling and passage of new abortion restrictions affecting clinical decision-making around pregnancy termination. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional survey of US emergency physicians administered online between April 1–15, 2024. The survey was completed by 150 board-certified US emergency physicians—50 physicians each from states categorized as abortion restrictive, semi-restrictive, or permissive—who were queried about any reported delays in or adaptations to the assessment and/or management of patients with known or suspected ectopic pregnancy.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 24% of physicians in restrictive or semi-restrictive states reported delays in the management of patients with suspected or confirmed ectopic pregnancy, and 54% of physicians reported adaptations to care of these patients including repeat testing and arranging alternative care in cases where they might previously have delivered definitive care in the emergency department.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a post-Dobbs practice environment, emergency physicians across the United States, practicing in states with various abortion restrictions, reported delays and adaptations of care for patients with presumed or suspected ectopic pregnancy including deviations from standard of care in emergency medicine.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ectopic pregnancy" }, { "word": "EMTALA" } ], "section": "Women's Health", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q85k1bz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Monica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saxena", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kass", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Saint Francis Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Esther", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Choo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, Oregon", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-09T13:19:04.152000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-11T01:33:52.967000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T22:15:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/41205/galley/37034/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35484, "title": "Implementation of a 3-Tier Priority System for Emergency Department Patients’ Follow-up in Orthopaedic Surgery", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Increasing demand for emergency department (ED) services and strained specialty- care access requires referral precision and was the impetus for a collaborative redesign of referrals between the Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> Guided by root cause analysis of delays in post-emergency department (ED) specialty follow-up in our academic health system, the intervention targeted the finding that all ED referrals were marked “urgent” without differentiation by acuity of orthopedic issues. After implementation, referrals were triaged into three tiers—immediate, urgent, and routine—with stipulated follow-up timeframes. We evaluated differences in completion of scheduling and realized visits, across five calendar months (July–November) pre- and post-implementation (2021 vs 2022). Logistic regression assessed the relationship between patient demographics and outcomes. We report medians and interquartile ranges.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Compared to the 393 urgent referrals to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery pre-implementation, there were 463 total referrals post-implementation as follows: 11/463 (2.4%) marked as immediate; 123/463 (26.6%) urgent; and 329/463 (71.1%) routine. Similar proportions successfully scheduled pre- and post-implementation (41.5% vs 45.1%; P = .28). On average, immediate referrals completed scheduling within 1.0 (0.0 - 1.0) day and were seen in 4.0 (2.0 - 8.0) days, urgent referrals completed scheduling within 2.0 (1.0 – 4.0) and 7.0 (5.0 - 15.0) days, and routine within 3.0 (1.0 - 6.0) and 12.0 (6.0 - 19.5) days. Race/ethnicity and insurance were related to odds of successful scheduling; Black patients had lower odds than all other groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.3 - 0.4). All insurance categories had higher odds of successful scheduling relative to Medicaid out-of-network (OR 3.5 - 7.2).</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A three-tier ED-to-orthopedics referral triage system was quickly adopted and differentiated referrals by urgency but did not impact time to follow-up or loss to follow-up. Structural inequities in access to follow-up care remain</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Emergency Department Referrals" }, { "word": "Orthopaedic Surgery" }, { "word": "Referral Triage System" }, { "word": "Healthcare Access Inequities" }, { "word": "patient follow-up" }, { "word": "Healthcare Quality Improvement" }, { "word": "Patient Demographics" }, { "word": "health equity" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rc8x38s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Samantha", "middle_name": "M.R.", "last_name": "Kling", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rose", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Darlene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veruttipong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sonia", "middle_name": "Rose", "last_name": "Harris", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California; University of Minnesota, School of Social Work, Saint Paul, Minnesota", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nadia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Safaeinili", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cati", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Brown-Johnson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sheneé", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Laurence", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford Medicine, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shashank", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ravi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Gardner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Shaw", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Evaluation Sciences Unit, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-24T08:31:01.554000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-27T21:48:41.842000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T21:59:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/35484/galley/37011/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 38455, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression among Medical Interns", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The demanding nature of emergency medicine (EM), requiring immediate responses to emergencies, and presents significant challenges, particularly for new trainess specialty. Our goal was to evaluate levels of anxiety and depression among EM intern doctors, with focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted this study at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Department of Emergency Medicine, from December 29, 2019–May 2, 2021. In Türkiye, the six year medical education program has the first three years preclinical, the fourth and fifth years comprised of clerkships, and the sixth year is internship training. In this final year, these intern doctors rotate through various departments, including an 8-week EM internship. A total of 203 medical interns participated in the study, 50.2% male. We assessed participants using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 1-2) and the Beck Depression Inventory, both prior to starting their EM internship and upon completion. Intern doctors were divided into two groups: 51 who completed their internship before the COVID-19 pandemic (December 29, 2019–March 11, 2020) and 152 during the pandemic (March 11, 2020–May 2, 2021). We compared pre- and post-internship scores within each group and between the two cohorts.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Anxiety scores (STAI-1) increased significantly in both groups during the internship. In the pre-COVID-19 group, median STAI-1 scores rose from 47 (IQR: 38–53) to 51 (IQR: 45–56) (p<0.001), and in the COVID-19 group, from 41 (IQR: 35–48) to 47 (IQR: 42–52) (p<0.001). However, depression scores (BDI) showed a significant increase only in the pre-COVID-19 group: from 9 (IQR: 2–14) to 26 (IQR: 15–32) (p<0.001). In contrast, the COVID-19 group’s depression scores remained relatively stable, increasing only from 7 (IQR: 2–13) to 8 (IQR: 3–16) (p=0.345).There were no significant differences between the groups in trait anxiety (STAI-2) scores (p=0.221) or pre-internship BDI scores (p=0.408). However, post-internship BDI scores were significantly lower in the COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (median: 8 vs. 26; p<0.001). </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The EM internship was associated with an increase in anxiety levels among intern doctors. Depression scores did not show a significant increase in the COVID-19 group, whereas depression scores significantly increased in the pre-COVID-19 group by the end of the internship. These findings suggest that, while anxiety increased across both groups, depression levels were more stable in the COVID-19 group, with lower post-internship scores compared to those in the pre-COVID-19 group.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "anxiety" }, { "word": "Depression" }, { "word": "COVID-19" }, { "word": "Intern doctors" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/478514xm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tugay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Usta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Serap", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Biberoğlu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Seda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Özkan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Afşin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ipekçioğlu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "İbrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "İkizceli", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fatih", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Çakmak", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yonca", "middle_name": "Senem", "last_name": "Akdeniz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gülçin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baktıroğlu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-10-29T22:49:40.202000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-01T06:04:22.739000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T21:26:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/38455/galley/37005/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 24995, "title": "Performance of Microsoft Copilot in the Diagnostic Process of Pulmonary Embolism", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) often present with non-specific signs and symptoms mimicking other conditions and complicating diagnosis. In this study we aimed to evaluate the performance of an artificial-intelligence tool, Microsoft Copilot, in the diagnostic process of PE, using clinical data including demographics, complaints, and vital signs.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted this study using 140 clinical vignettes, including 70 patients with and 70 patients without PE. The vignettes were derived from published case reports within the last 10 years. We used Copilot for its free GPT-4 integration to analyze clinical data and answer two questions after each vignette. We compared Copilot’s ability to identify PE within the top 10 differential diagnoses, and its ability to predict the risk of PE when compared to the use of the Wells score by two independent investigators.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Copilot correctly included PE in the differential diagnosis in 94.3% of cases by listing it within the top 10 conditions. Risk assessment by Copilot yielded significantly higher levels in patients with PE (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the Wells scores between patients with PE and without PE (P>.05). Copilot demonstrated better discriminatory power than the Wells score in risk assessment of PE (area under the curve 0.713 vs 0.583), with statistical significance (P<0.001 vs P=.091). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for discriminating between the combination of low- and intermediate- vs high-risk categories were 34%, 97.1%, 92.3%, and 59.6%, respectively.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study explores the potential of Copilot as a tool in clinical decision-making, demonstrating a high rate of correctly identifying PE and improved performance over the Wells score. However, further validation in larger populations and real-world settings is crucial to fully realize its potential. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Chatbot" }, { "word": "GPT-4" }, { "word": "copilot" }, { "word": "pulmonary embolism" }, { "word": "Artificial Intelligence" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Technology in Emergency Medicine", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11s8f15j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Banu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arslan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ministry of Health Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mehmet", "middle_name": "Necmeddin", "last_name": "Sutasir", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ministry of Health Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ertugrul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Altinbilek", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ministry of Health Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-06-28T13:29:21.305000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-04T06:06:41.061000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T20:29:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/24995/galley/37036/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 18583, "title": "Evaluation of an Emergency Department Sexually Transmitted Infection Empiric Treatment and Linkage-to-care Program", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI), remain high in Hillsborough County, FL. As the emergency department (ED) is frequently used for STI diagnosis and treatment, a local hospital ED implemented a linkage-to-care program using a callback system to ensure that patients with chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or syphilis received treatment. Our primary aim in this paper was to evaluate implementation of an ED-based STI treatment program by describing empiric, follow-up, and overall treatment rates in STI-positive patients by disease and sex. A secondary aim was to evaluate reasons for undertreatment during the acute-care encounter. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted this quality assurance project, including a retrospective chart review of electronic health records from 2019–2022, at an urban ED in Hillsborough County, Florida. During this period, we reviewed all records reflecting positive results for chlamydia, gonorrhea and/or syphilis to determine whether empiric treatment was administered in the ED or the patient required coordination for follow-up care. Patients who received empiric treatment or successful follow-up treatment were classified as treated, while those who did not receive successful follow-up treatment were classified as untreated. </p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,170 patients were diagnosed with an STI at an urban, quaternary-care hospital in the county. Of these, 689 (58.9%) had chlamydia, 324 (27.7%) had gonorrhea, 133 (11.4%) had dual gonorrhea-chlamydia, and 24 (2.1%) had syphilis. Rates of STI empiric, follow-up, and overall treatment were 47.1%, 86.1%, and 92.6%, respectively. Empiric and overall treatment rates were highest for male patients (72.3% male, 33.4% female) and patients presenting with gonorrhea (67.6% gonorrhea, 63.9% chlamydia). Follow-up treatment rates were highest for female patients (87.1%) and patients presenting with gonorrhea (87.6%). </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings emphasize both the successes and opportunities for improvement of a linkage-to-care protocol to provide treatment access for patients in the ED who test positive for sexually transmitted infections. Given the significant strain on the public health infrastructure in the United States and on our local Department of Health, ED-based linkage programs fill an important gap in healthcare delivery. Going forward, improving overall treatment rates in females and patients with chlamydia or syphilis is warranted.</p>", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "sexually transmitted infection" }, { "word": "Emergency Department STI treatment" }, { "word": "gonorrhea" }, { "word": "chlamydia" }, { "word": "Syphillis" }, { "word": "Linkage to Care" }, { "word": "Empiric STI Treatment" } ], "section": "Endemic Infections", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nb9c1x3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Victoria", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Bortner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holbrook", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tampa, Florida", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Heather", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Henderson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Emergency Medicine, \nMorsani College of Medicine, \nUniversity of South Florida\nTampa General Hospital\nTampa, Florida", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jason", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tampa, Florida", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2023-11-16T09:28:22+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-10T04:40:36.577000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T20:17:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/18583/galley/37013/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35264, "title": "Scoping Review of Adult Emergency Department Discharge Interventions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The discharge process is a crucial component of the emergency department (ED) encounter, with poor discharge quality often leading to negative patient outcomes. While numerous interventions have been implemented to improve this process, a comprehensive review of these interventions has not been conducted. This study provides a scoping, summative review of adult ED discharge interventions to date, evaluating the literature for potential best practices and future directions.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a scoping review of published literature on MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) on February 7, 2023, for articles reporting on ED-based discharge interventions. We excluded the following: studies involving pediatric patient populations; discharge from non-ED settings; in-ED risk screening and/or case management as the primary intervention; interventions occurring mostly after the ED encounter (even if initiated at time of discharge); and studies not written in English.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The initial electronic database search yielded 3,842 unique titles and abstracts. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria at various screening stages, we included 100 papers and abstracts in the final review. These studies, published between 2003 – 2023, predominantly originated from the US (66%). Using narrative synthesis, we summarized ED discharge intervention themes to form seven concept subgroups by consensus: mode of discharge; additional resource provision; addition of a discharge coordinator; follow-up assistance; pharmaceutical intervention; patient-centered education; and clinician/discharger-centered education. Effective strategies included enhanced discharge discussions and education by dedicated personnel, structured discharge checklists, and delivery of instructions at an appropriate reading level. However, because few studies have examined long-term patient-centered outcomes, such as ED return visits, hospitalizations, and mortality, cost-benefit analysis for interventions is lacking. Furthermore, the experiences of vulnerable populations who have limited-English proficiency are under-represented in current attempts to innovate ED discharge.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We found that interventions aimed at improving patient comprehension of discharge instructions were the most frequently studied and had the greatest impact on patient outcomes. This review highlights promising directions for patient-centered innovation; it also underscores the need for more research to optimize the adult ED discharge process and warrants a call to action.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g8026gb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mary-Kate", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gorlick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UT Health Houston, Department of Emergency Medicine, Houston, Texas", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shriman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balasubramanian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gregory", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Han", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hickner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Weill Cornell Medicine, Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pranita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Talukder", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "A.D.", "last_name": "Steel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lynn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, New York, New York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-03T03:09:18.561000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-15T03:01:56.993000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-13T19:07:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/35264/galley/37009/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 33576, "title": "Developing Interprofessional Immigrant Health Education for Emergency Physicians", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Background:</strong> As of 2021, there were 47 million immigrants in the United States. Immigrant populations are uninsured at higher rates than US citizens, leading many to rely on emergency departments (ED) for their healthcare needs. However, emergency physicians (EP) often lack training on the unique challenges faced by this population, necessitating educational interventions. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented educational interventions for an urban emergency medicine residency program using Kern’s six-step approach for curriculum development to inform EPs of existing immigration-specific patient resources; teach social-medical-legal best practices with regard to asking, documenting, and sharing immigration-specific health information; and increase awareness of ED-relevant local policies. We developed three educational interventions.in collaboration with legal organizations, and community experts. To evaluate the success of these interventions we administered a pre- and post-survey to 64 EPs (36% of 178 targeted learners)</p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant increase in confidence and knowledge, with an average 5-point Likert scale score improvement of 1.47 (P < .001) in all responses and 1.40 (P < .001) in paired responses, and an improvement in test scores on the three knowledge-based questions of 30.66% (P < .001) in all responses and 33% (P = .02) in paired responses. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a model for interprofessional collaboration in curriculum development and the importance of a multipronged educational approach to improve the care of immigrants in the ED. The curriculum offers a framework for other EDs aiming to address healthcare inequities for this population. Future research can explore long-term knowledge retention, detailed educational tool utilization, and the impact on patients.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xq2g0k4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Leonardo", "middle_name": "Garcia", "last_name": "Heglund", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Katrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jaradeh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carolina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ornelas-Dorian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stark", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California; Dignity Health - Mercy Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Merced, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Theresa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Peabody", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-05T08:41:25.200000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-12T19:29:08.017000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T22:48:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/33576/galley/37003/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 33481, "title": "Physician Orders for Waiting Room Patients: Ethical Considerations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>With increasing emergency department (ED) boarding and crowding, EDs have introduced several novel care-delivery initiatives including split-flow models (e.g., fast tracks), non-linear patient flow models (e.g., protocol bays), nursing triage order sets, physician-in-triage, and the use of non-traditional care areas (e.g., ED hallways). One such emerging practice is the placement of orders for patients in the waiting room (WR) by physicians prior to in-person physician evaluation (e.g., based on triage documentation and the patient’s medical record). This paper describes key ethical obligations to WR patients that support this practice, as well as other considerations that must be balanced against these obligations, including potential risks. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Ethical and Legal Issues", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8md274g4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kluesner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Des Moines, Iowa", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chapman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange Park, Florida", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Monisha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dilip", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Paxton", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Karen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jubanyik", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bissmeyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Orange Park Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-07-25T22:22:51.905000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-10T10:38:22.578000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T22:21:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/33481/galley/37035/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 21299, "title": "Extended-release Injectable Buprenorphine Initiation in the Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) is a long-acting injectable medication used for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). It is currently approved for use in patients who have been administered at least seven days of sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BUP). For patients with OUD who are unstable (ie, not at treatment goal, with active opioid use) or not yet on medication for OUD (MOUD) such as SL-BUP, the emergency department (ED) setting is an essential location for access to treatment. There is, as yet, no research on the utility of on-demand XR-BUP administration in the ED.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study of individuals with OUD who received XR-BUP in the ED through our novel reallocation pathway. We reviewed charts from an addiction medicine specialty outpatient clinic to determine retention in treatment, continuation on XR-BUP, and reported quantitative analysis. Our primary outcome was retention in treatment, measured by subsequent XR-BUP injection after initial ED XR-BUP administration. The secondary outcome was the reason for ED administration of XR-BUP (as opposed to administration in the clinic setting).</p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study population included 69 patients (68.2% male). Our primary outcome showed that 51 (73.9%) patients who had their first injection in the ED received a second XR-BUP injection and 40 (58%) received their third XR-BUP injection. Our secondary outcome showed that 7.2% had barriers with access to treatment; however, most of the patients received the injection due to instability of the treatment of the OUD (69.6%). These patients were either unable to adhere to MOUD, reported issues with the prescription, or were still using substances while on MOUD. For 52 (75%) patients, the index ED injection was their first ever XR-BUP injection. Logistical regression analyses demonstrated that clinical and demographic factors did not lead to increased attrition, while patients with other co-occurring substance use disorders were more likely to present for follow-up treatment.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our retrospective study, patients who received ED-initiated extended-release <br>buprenorphine had a strong retention rate compared to previous studies evaluating ED-initiated sublingual BUP (retention rates ranging from 16.7-60%). The ED provided a convenient healthcare access point for XR-BUP initiation. The XR-BUP is a helpful tool for achieving induction after failed SL-BUP initiation and may have further implications in minimizing treatment gaps after discharge and improving OUD treatment retention. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Behavioral Health", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w26s0k3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brittany", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cesar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moore", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Raluca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Isenberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heil", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care - Cooper Research Institute, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rafeq", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haroz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Salzman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care - Cooper Research Institute, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper University Health Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alice", "middle_name": "V.", "last_name": "Ely", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Health Care - Center for Healing, Department of Addiction Medicine, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-06-04T22:56:37.808000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-01-27T17:53:11.422000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T20:56:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/21299/galley/37017/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 33600, "title": "The Effect of Pain on the Relationship Between Triage Acuity and Emergency Department Hospitalization Rate and Length of Stay", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Little is known about the effect of pain on the relationship between triage and patient outcomes in United States emergency departments (ED). In this study we aimed to describe pain-associated ED visits and to explore how pain modifies the ability of ED triage to predict patient outcomes (hospitalization and ED length of stay [EDLOS)]. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We obtained data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), 2010-2021. Adult ED visits without missing data on pain score or triage level were included. We assessed pain scores at triage using a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0-10. We further categorized the NRS scores into no (0), mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7-10) pain. The five-level Emergency Severity Index was used for ED triage. The primary outcomes were hospital admission during the ED visit and EDLOS. For the analyses we used descriptive statistics and multivariable regression accounting for NHAMCS’s complex survey design. </p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 12-year study period, there were 132,308 adult ED visits (representing 773,000,000 ED visits nationwide). Approximately 50% were triaged to level 3, followed by 30% to level 4. Approximately 45% reported severe pain, 21% moderate pain, 9% mild pain, and 25% no pain. Triage level 1 was associated with the highest rate of hospitalization (35%), with a gradual decrease in hospitalization rate from levels 2 to 4. Triage level 2 was associated with the longest mean EDLOS (5.6 hours), with a gradual decrease in EDLOS from levels 3 to 5. When stratified by pain intensity, the pattern of hospitalization altered in the mild and moderate pain groups. In these two pain-intensity groups, triage level 1 was associated with lower-than-expected odds of hospitalization, a 31% reduction suggested by the interaction term (adjusted odds ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval .51-.92, P = .01). By contrast, the pattern of EDLOS persisted across all pain-intensity groups. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mild and moderate levels of pain intensity appear to negatively impact the ability of triage to predict hospitalization, resulting in overtriage among patients in these two pain-intensity groups. Pain intensity in the ED should be carefully evaluated to avoid overtriage and ensure the appropriate allocation of resources. [West J Emerg Med. 2025;XX(X)XXX–XXX.]</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xr367hj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yan-He", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nai-Wen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ku", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Toronto, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, Toronto, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chia-Hsin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ko", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eric H.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Baylor Scott and White All Saints Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chihhung", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tsung-Chien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chien-Hua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chu-Lin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-11T19:16:44.087000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-18T04:58:37.485000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T20:27:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/33600/galley/37010/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 33613, "title": "Emergency Medical Services Calls for Service at Adult Detention Centers: A Descriptive Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Incarcerated individuals represent a vulnerable sector of society, with a disproportionate burden of substance use, mental health problems, and chronic illness. The purpe of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of emergency medical services (EMS) response to detention facilities.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective review of Mayo Clinic Ambulance Service ground EMS emergency (9-1-1) calls for service to nine detention centers within the service area occurring between January 1, 2002–December 31,2021. We excluded calls to a 10th detention center, the Federal Medical Center – Rochester, due to the unique nature of this facility. Additional exclusion criteria included non-emergency calls and lack of patient care narratives within the patient care report. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and the Student t-test. This study was reviewed and approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> During the study period, 3,114/1,231,853 (0.25%) service requests to detention facilities occurred. After accounting for exclusion criteria, the final sample size consisted of 2,034 patients. Average patient age was 40.2 ± 13.3 years of age, compared with 54.0 ± 25.9 years of age for non-detention center calls (P < 0.001). The majority (80.8%) of patients were male. Mean scene time was 14:13 ± 7:49 minutes, compared with 12:04 ± 12:27 minutes (P < 0.01) for non-detention center calls. The most common complaints were medical, behavioral emergencies, cardiac, and trauma. Obstetrics requests accounted for 5.8% of calls for female patients. Most calls (91.3%) to detention centers involved incarcerated individuals, with the remainder representing facility staff (1.5%), visitors (0.5%), and undetermined (6.7%). Nearly 4% of patients refused treatment; 48.9% of these patients were still transported. Consent for treatment/transport by the patient was documented in 6.1% of charts. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Recognizing the retrospective, single-agency nature of this study, we found that calls to detention facilities within our 9-1-1 service area predominantly involved incarcerated individuals. Consent for treatment/transport was not documented in most EMS encounters. Further study is needed to better understand the healthcare needs of these patients, including ability to consent.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Emergency Medical Services", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69w342rx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Wood", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Division of Prehospital Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aaron", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Klassen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Division of Prehospital Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Sztajnkrycer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic, Division of Prehospital Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-14T02:52:47.395000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-21T09:53:22.948000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T19:55:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/33613/galley/37020/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 24989, "title": "Surgical Disease Burden, Outcomes, and Roles of Non-Physician Clinicians in Ugandan Emergency Departments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Background:</strong> Delivery of emergency surgical care remains a challenge in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, with physician shortages in Uganda resulting in only one surgeon per 100,000 people. Emergency units in Uganda receive emergency surgical patients, but it is unknown how great of a burden these emergency surgical patients represent in terms of total number, care required, or outcomes.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed a retrospective review of a quality assurance database for all patients treated at two emergency units in Uganda from 2009–2019. Patients were defined as “surgical” if they were admitted directly to the operating theatre, received a surgical diagnosis, or received an emergency surgical procedure as identified by the Disease Control Priorities 3 (DCP3) group. We generated descriptive statistics.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 109,999 total patients seen, 24,745 (22.5%) were emergency surgical patients. Surgical patients were predominantly male (71.7%) with a mean age of 34.9 years. Most surgical patients (57.0%) were admitted to the hospital, while 38.9% were discharged, and only 1.7% were sent directly to the operating theatre. In total, 12.1% of all patients seen in the emergency unit received a surgical procedure from a non-physician clinician while in the unit. Of the surgical procedures, the most common were suturing of lacerations (51.8%), urinary catheterization (24.5%), fracture management (16.5%), and incision and drainage of abscesses (6.0%). Among surgical patients, the most common surgical diagnoses were for fractures (30.9%), lacerations (29.6%), and abscesses (8.8%). The overall three-day mortality for emergency surgical patients was 2.8%.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Emergency surgical patients are common in Ugandan emergency units, where emergent surgical procedures are commonly performed by non-physician clinicians. Strengthening system capacity for emergency surgical patients should also consider emergency unit resources.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "International Medicine", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wp5d52w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Stacey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chamberlain", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Global Health, Chicago, Illinois; Global Emergency Care, Inc", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pearl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ugwu-Dike", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University, Department of Dermatology, New York, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ronald", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mbiine", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Kampala, Uganda", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sims", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Global Health, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "T", "last_name": "Rice", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford, California; Global Emergency Care, Inc", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-06-27T22:41:31.316000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-12T19:59:28.601000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T19:35:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/24989/galley/37031/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 33602, "title": "Biological Variation of Corrected QT and QRS Electrocardiogram Intervals: Interpreting Results of Drug-induced Prolongation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Toxicologists use a universal threshold to determine QRS and QTc prolongation in poisoned patients. Further understanding of the biologic variance of these intervals may allow for a more personalized approach to assessing the clinical significance of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in these patients. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We recruited six male and six female healthy subjects. Standard 12-lead ECGs were performed in duplicate once per week for four consecutive weeks. We calculated the mean and standard deviation, the coefficient of variance (CV) for replicate readings (CVA), and within (CVI) and between individuals (CVG) using analysis of variance for all subjects and separately for males and females. From these measured parameters, we determined the index of individuality (II), the reference change value (RCV), and number of readings needed to maintain a homeostatic setpoint. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The median QRS interval for healthy males (103.4 milliseconds [ms]) was statistically higher than that for females (88.6 ms) in our study (P < .05). The CVA and CVI for the QRS interval for the total cohort were relatively low at 3.0 and 2.2, respectively. The CVG for the QRS interval was relatively high at 12.9. There was no difference in the QTcorrected (QTc) interval between gender (404 vs 415 msec, respectively). The II was 0.29 for QRS and 0.74 for QTc in pooled subjects. The RCV was 10.3 and 7.1 msec, respectively, for QRS and QTc for all subjects. The number of samples needed to establish a homeostatic set point was 1 for all analyses at a closeness of 10% with a 95% probability (P = .05). </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We demonstrated a significant difference in QRS duration between healthy males and females as well as a low II, particularly for the QRS interval, indicating that the CVG is greater than the CVI among these ECG intervals. In this study we also determined that one ECG is needed to establish a homeostatic set point for patients. If a baseline ECG is available, medical toxicologists would benefit from using the baseline tracing as an internal reference for determining QRS and QTc prolongation in the individual patient rather than a predetermined universal threshold for managing poisoned patients. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Cardiology", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nr2h902", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Lab Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kayla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kendric", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Caitlin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roake", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco - Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kelly", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Department of Lab Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-13T01:52:47.278000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-20T09:42:17.193000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T17:10:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/33602/galley/37028/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 32802, "title": "Utility of Emergent Spine MRI in the Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Prolonged emergency department (ED) waiting times for STAT spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the ED can expose patients to hospital-acquired infections and increase the workload in the ED, further impacting healthcare quality. In this study we aimed to characterize emergent spine MRI frequency and positivity in the ED, and its impact on ED length of stay (LOS), admission rates, and the necessity for surgical interventions.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective chart review of a consecutive group of patients who had emergent spine MRI (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) ordered from the EDs at four hospitals from January 1, 2017-December 31,2022 were included for traumatic and atraumatic patients. We recorded patient demographics, time metrics, discharge status, and surgical interventions within seven days (for those who were hospitalized during the ED encounter). Spine MRI reports were reviewed and categorized, with positive cases defined as severe spinal canal stenosis regardless of cause and/or fracture. We used descriptive statistics to assess the positivity rate for emergent spine MRIs as well as the LOS, rate of surgery, and rate of admission for patients getting emergent spine MRIs.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 689 spine MRI of 889,527 ED visits (0.1%) were included. Patients’ mean age was 51.3 ±17.1 years, and 59.5% were female. Discharge rate was 93.9%, 3.3% were admitted, 1.7% left against medical advice, and 1.0% were transferred to other facilities. The overall spine MRI positivity rate was 18.9% (130). Moreover, the median (IQR) time from imaging order placement to imaging completion was 2.6 (1.8 - 3.7) hours, while the time from imaging completion to final report availability was 1.5 (0.4 - 13.9) hours. The median ED LOS was 7.4 (5.7 - 9.5) hours. Of 23 hospitalized patients, 17 (73.9%) required surgical intervention. Positive cases had significantly higher ED LOS compared to negative cases (8.1 vs 7.2, respectively; P < .001).</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The positivity rate for ED spine MRI in this study was 18.9%. Of the positive cases, 17.7% underwent hospitalization, with 13.1% requiring emergent surgery. Considering high costs in both time and resource utilization, further research is needed to optimize the triage process for patients requiring emergent spine MRI.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Neurology", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65q0b3t6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Farid", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hajibonabi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cohen-Addad", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Francisco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Delgado", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Po-Han", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Agusta University Medical College of Georgia, Department of Radiology, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bing", "middle_name": "Fang", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shamie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Das", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tarek", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Hanna", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-08-08T21:24:21.958000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-18T05:29:12.313000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T17:00:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/32802/galley/37022/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 40005, "title": "Sepsis Presentation, Interventions, and Outcome Differences Among Men and Women in the Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Sepsis is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED) and represents a life-threatening syndrome with high mortality rates. The existing literature has conflicting findings regarding outcomes between sexes. Our goal in this study was to investigate the clinical presentation, interventions, and outcomes based on sex for sepsis in the ED. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify patients presenting with sepsis to the ED. We employed the Global Collaborative Network from 119 international healthcare organizations in the TriNetX Research Network. Sepsis was defined according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Rev, codes. To evaluate sex differences in sepsis presentation, we collected data on age, comorbidities, sex, vital signs, laboratory values, medications, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality at 30 days, 90 days, and one year. We used a 1:1 propensity score matching by age, race, comorbidities, and infection source to identify and balance potential risk factors across the study groups to investigate mortality, interventions, and intensive care unit admission trends. Data abstraction and analysis were conducted in the TriNetX platform. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> In total, 920,160 patients were included in this study. The most common infection source for both females and males was respiratory, accounting for 40% and 46.2% of sepsis cases, respectively. After adjusting for urinary tract infection as an infection source, females were less likely to receive piperacillin-tazobactam (21% vs 23.6%; odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 - 0.77), vancomycin (32.9% vs 36%; OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.86 - 0.88), and vasopressors (16.5% vs 17.6%; OR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.91 - 0.93). Females had a lower all-cause mortality at 30 days (12.1% vs 13%; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.90 - 0.92), 90 days (17.1% vs 18.7%; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.90 - 0.92), and one year (21.5% vs 23.3%; OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.89 - 0.91).</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Females demonstrated 10% lower odds of mortality from sepsis at 30 days, 90 days, and one year (absolute difference: 0.9%, 1.6%, 1.8%, respectively). Females were less likely to receive vasopressors, vancomycin, or piperacillin-tazobactam, even after accounting for urinary tract infection as the sepsis source. [West J Emerg Med. 2025;XX(X)XXX–XXX.]</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "sepsis" }, { "word": "gender" } ], "section": "Endemic Infections", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xq2x1q7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "O'Brien", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Schrock", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-26T07:33:21.633000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-21T22:10:04.826000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T10:53:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/40005/galley/37016/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41511, "title": "Emergency Department Utilization by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Medicaid Status", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency department (ED) use varies by age, sex, race, ethnicity, language preference, and payor type. Most studies comparing ED use by patients with English vs non-English preference (ELP/NELP) have used racially aggregated data, potentially masking differences across population subgroups. In this study we aimed to disaggregate the associations of race, ethnicity, language preference, and Medicaid coverage with ED utilization.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used cross-sectional study electronic health record data for 2,047,105 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who were 25 - 85 years of age in January 2019 and had been continuous health plan members during 2018 - 2019. We tabulated the percentages of adults in seven racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, South Asian) within three age groups (25 - 44, 45 - 64, 65 - 85) who had ≥1 ED visit in 2019. Modified log-Poisson regression was used to examine racial, ethnic, and language preference differences after adjusting for demographic and Medicaid status covariates.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The study population was 51.8% White, 53.2% female, 9.6% NELP, and 6.2% Medicaid-insured. Overall, 18% had ≥ 1 ED visit. Compared with White adults, Black and Hispanic adults were more likely and Chinese, Vietnamese, and South Asian adults were less likely to have ≥ 1 ED visit. After adjusting for all covariates, NELP adults 25 - 64 years of age were 10% less likely to have had an ED visit. However, while NELP was associated with a 10-20% lower ED visit prevalence among Hispanic, Filipino, Chinese, and Vietnamese adults 25 - 64, the prevalence was 10% higher among White and South Asian adults 45 - 64 and Filipino and South Asian adults aged 65 - 85. Adults with Medicaid coverage aged 25 - 64 were twice as likely and adults aged 65 - 85 were 50% more likely to have had ≥ 1 ED visit. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study of a US adult health-plan membership found several significant differences in ED use across racial, ethnic, and language subgroups and a higher prevalence of ED use by Medicaid-covered adults ≤ 65 years of age in most racial and ethnic groups. Our findings highlight the importance of using disaggregated data, particularly for Asian ethnic groups, when comparing ED use in different populations. Further research is needed to identify similarities and differences in social, personal, and policy factors driving ED use in diverse adult populations to better inform population-specific health interventions.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Emergency Department Utilization" }, { "word": "Emergency Department Usage" }, { "word": "health disparities" }, { "word": "Race" }, { "word": "Ethnicity" }, { "word": "Language Preference" }, { "word": "Non-English" }, { "word": "Limited English" }, { "word": "Asian" } ], "section": "Health Equity", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hs2t69m", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Berger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Richmond, Virginia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Colin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jenkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong-Castillo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarahrose", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jonik", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nancy", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Gordon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Pleasanton, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-19T03:08:56.563000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-18T17:03:06.196000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T08:26:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/41511/galley/37025/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 39685, "title": "Influence of Daily Meteorological Changes on Stroke Incidence Across the United States", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Various variables of weather are hypothesized to exert a small but measurable, significant influence on the development of cerebral infarctions (strokes). Improved characterization of this relationship would enhance understanding of the impact of climate change on healthcare demand. However, current data are conflicting regarding the exact nature of the direction and magnitude of the relationship between weather variables and stroke incidence.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective analysis using patient data from 2019 across the contiguous United States obtained from the TriNetX global research data network and weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database. Data from hospitalized patients who had a diagnosis of cerebral infarction, as defined from International Classification of Diseases, 10th Rev, diagnosis codes, were used for analysis. Negative binomial regression calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) between stroke and various weather variables: temperature (°C), change in temperature, pressure, change in pressure, and precipitation.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Our study included 92,422 patients across 92 healthcare systems. Regression analysis revealed a small but statistically significant association between stroke and change in temperature (IRR 1.0047, confidence interval 1.0012 - 1.0083, P = .010). The remaining variables in our model did not have a statistically significant effect on incidence of stroke.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The data suggest that one aspect of weather, specifically day-to-day increases of ambient temperature, has a measurable small magnitude but statistically significant impact on local stroke patterns. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cerebral infarctionstroke risk factors" }, { "word": "environmental risk factors" }, { "word": "temperature" }, { "word": "pressure" }, { "word": "Precipitation" }, { "word": "cerebral infarction" }, { "word": "stroke risk factors" } ], "section": "Climate Change", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k81j1p4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Randall", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Ung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Lubin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-05T11:06:52.390000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-23T02:26:24.542000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T07:46:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/39685/galley/37029/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 24851, "title": "Cognitive Frame and Time Pressure as Moderators Of Clinical Reasoning: A Case Control Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency physicians (EP) are uniquely positioned to benefit from a deeper understanding of cognitive bias, particularly in the context of limited processing time. The framing effect—the tendency to evaluate identical information inconsistently given varying methods of presentation— presents a particular challenge within emergency medicine (EM). Understanding how the presentation of clinical information affects medical decision-making is paramount, given variability in how information is received. In this study we aimed to assess whether the imposition of a cognitive frame and time pressure affected participants’ differential diagnoses.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We recruited attending physicians in emergency medicine (EM) and third-year EM residents via email from our university hospital. They were asked to review two case vignettes: one consistent with pulmonary embolism (PE), the other with interstitial lung disease. Each vignette had two versions, one emphasizing features consistent with the respective diagnoses. Each pair of vignettes contained objectively identical clinical information. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions based on 1) the specific or non-specific-frame version of each case and 2) the inclusion or exclusion of time pressure. Subjects provided their top three differential diagnoses for each case. Our primary outcome measure was identification of intended diagnosis.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 39 subjects completed the study. Two-sided Fisher exact tests showed that varying cognitive frames affected the likelihood of EPs identifying PE as a diagnosis of interest (P = .01). Among EPs who identified PE, the likelihood of this diagnosis leading their differential diagnosis was also related to frame (P = .01). </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this work reveal that cognitive frame and time pressure may independently influence diagnostic reasoning among emergency physicians, bearing implications for medical education. [West J Emerg Med. 2025;XX(X)XXX–XXX.]</p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "diagnostic reasoning" }, { "word": "cognitive bias" }, { "word": "framing effect" }, { "word": "time pressure" } ], "section": "Medical Decision Making", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tx932hq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Monick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiao", "middle_name": "Chi", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-06-12T21:08:57.474000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-22T22:00:50.226000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T05:07:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/24851/galley/37039/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35388, "title": "Improved Outcomes and Cost with Palliative Care in the Emergency Department: Case-Control Study ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Palliative care consultation teams provide significant advantages for patients, healthcare professionals, and hospitals, particularly in pain management, family support, and clinician satisfaction. Numerous studies show that inpatient palliative care services yield benefits regardless of the timing of initiation, contributing to shortened hospital stays and cost savings. Recent studies have focused on the timing and setting of palliative care, especially in emergency departments (ED), highlighting improved patient outcomes when initiated early. This study explores the potential of embedding hybrid physicians (double-boarded physicians in palliative and emergency medicine) in the ED to further enhance patient care and reduce hospital resources.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This small pilot case-control study included a subset of all patients referred by emergency physicians and hospitalists for palliative care within 24 hours of registration, physically present in the ED. Cases consisted of all the patients seen by hybrid physicians embedded in the ED. Matched controls were seen by palliative care-boarded clinicians (various other primary specialties) during palliative care rounds in the hospital. Matches were based on diagnosis, comorbidities, and referral date. Outcomes measured included hospital length of stay, total charges, discharge disposition, code status changes, and ED visits not resulting in admission. Statistical analyses used chi-square tests for categorical data and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous data.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> In a four-year period, 68 cases were attended by hybrid physicians over 57 disparate days. These cases had significantly shorter hospital stays (median 2.1 days) compared to controls (6.5 days, P<.001). Total charges were also lower for cases ($37,800) than for controls ($78,000, P<.001). A notable secondary outcome was that 26.5% of ED visits in the case group did not result in hospital admission, compared to 100% of controls (P<.001). In addition, more cases than controls had a code status of comfort care at discharge (P=.07)</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Embedding hybrid physicians in the ED significantly shortened hospital stays and reduced charges for seriously ill patients. These findings support the further exploration of integrating such physicians into ED settings to enhance patient care and optimize hospital resources. [West J Emerg Med. 2025;XX(X)XXX–XXX.]</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Case-Control Studies" }, { "word": "Hospital Charges" }, { "word": "palliative care" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" }, { "word": "Length of Stay" } ], "section": "Healthcare Utilization", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kk3v3p3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brandon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chalfin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California; University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Spencer", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Salazar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Fresno, California; Hawaii Emergency Physicians Associated, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kailua, Hawaii", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Regina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Laico", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California; University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Susan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hughes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Fresno, California; University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Patrick", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Macmillan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Fresno, California; University of California San Francisco Fresno, Department of Internal Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-09-10T00:30:40.773000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-25T23:55:53.022000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-12T04:02:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/35388/galley/38558/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41983, "title": "Asset-Oriented Approaches to Learner Corpus Data", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>In this article, we discuss how learner corpus data can be used to promote asset-oriented approaches to language learning. We discuss how four tenets of asset-oriented approaches—challenges to the native speaker norm, accessibility/authenticity, advocacy, and agency—can be encouraged through using learner tasks. We introduce specific activities for Portuguese and Russian classrooms to promote this approach, which are freely available through <a href=\"https://www.macawsproject.org/home\">our blog</a>, and provide preliminary results from our teacher and student feedback on these activities.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Teachers' Forum", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mt3w059", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shelley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Staples", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Asya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gorlova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bruna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sommer-Farias", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Valentina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vinokurova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mariana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Centanin-Bertho", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aleksey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Novikov", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-01-20T19:44:34.750000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-07T00:15:53.585000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T23:00:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/41983/galley/36882/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "Other", "type": "other", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/41983/galley/36438/download/" }, { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/41983/galley/36882/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 39949, "title": "Reading‒Writing Connections: A Systematic Review Of Second Language Synthesis Writing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Synthesis writing is a widely practiced form of academic writing in which students incorporate into their writing multiple perspectives from various sources. Although scholars have acknowledged that synthesis writing is particularly challenging for writers using a second language, few of them have systematically reviewed the relevant literature. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the discrepancy between extensive practice and the scarcity of reviews by assessing 92 empirical studies on synthesis writing produced during the last two decades (2004–2024). The aim of this review was a comprehensive examination of patterns in research contexts, theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and key research findings. The main findings suggest that most previous research was conducted in higher education settings, predominantly focusing on undergraduate students in North America (the US and Canada), followed by Asia (e.g., China, Japan, United Arab Emirates, and Iran). Regarding the theoretical orientations used in these studies, most researchers used cognitively oriented approaches, followed by social or sociocultural approaches. Methodologically, quantitative approaches were used slightly more than qualitative ones, followed by an approach emphasizing quantitative methods, or eclectic (QUAN + qual). The areas of synthesis writing receiving the most attention were source use, predictors of writing scores, task representation, and writing processes. Overall, many empirical studies highlighted students’ continuous struggles with source use, underscoring the need for systematic instruction to enhance their synthesis writing skills.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Q" }, { "word": "Academic Writing" }, { "word": "synthesis writing" }, { "word": "integrated writing" }, { "word": "writing from sources" }, { "word": "source-based writing" }, { "word": "second language writing" }, { "word": "multilingual writing" }, { "word": "systematic review" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tz9v3df", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Juyeon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ball State University", "department": "Muncie" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-26T21:19:37.280000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-06-03T01:09:56.663000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T22:46:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/39949/galley/36881/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "Galley v1", "type": "other", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/39949/galley/36840/download/" }, { "label": "Final Galley", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/39949/galley/36881/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47454, "title": "A Missed Meal, A Missed Diagnosis: Why Emergency Departments Must Lead on Food Insecurity Screening", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Letters to the Editor", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/743972z2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Victor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cisneros", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Eisenhower Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rancho Mirage, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Olliffe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Raymen", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Assaf", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rady Children’s Health, Emergency Medicine Specialists of Orange County, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-05-15T17:28:21.892000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-15T17:30:33.681000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T06:23:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/47454/galley/37047/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 39983, "title": "Comparative Efficacy of Face-to-Face and Right-Rear Upright Intubation in a Randomized Crossover Manikin Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Upright intubation is essential for managing difficult airways but can be challenging, especially for less experienced clinicians. Face-to-face intubation may lower first-pass success rates due to unfamiliar orientation. New videolaryngoscope devices have the potential to improve intubation success. We aimed to compare first-pass success rates, intubation duration, and glottic view between the right-rear and face-to-face approaches, using channeled videolaryngoscope, hyperangulated videolaryngoscope, and video stylet for upright intubation.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a cross-over manikin simulation study involving 30 participants—19 attending physicians, six residents, and five nurse practitioners—to compare the efficacy of these devices to a standard Macintosh videolaryngoscope, using both right-rear and face-to-face approaches.</p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>We used Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios for the following variables: first-pass success rate; intubation time; glottic view quality (Cormack-Lehane grade [C-L]); and percentage of glottis opening score (POGO]. The right-rear approach demonstrated a substantial improvement in first-pass success rates compared to face-to-face, with rates of 93% vs 78% and a hazard ratio of 2.10 (95% confidence interval 1.58-2.80). Additionally, both the video stylet and channeled videolaryngoscope techniques further optimized first-pass success rates and enhanced glottic visualization, achieving a CL grade I view and POGO scores of 100%, even in the inverted face-to-face orientation. These devices outperformed the standard Macintosh and hyperangulated videolaryngoscopes.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The right-rear approach was associated with higher first-pass success rates and provided a more familiar orientation for operators during upright intubation. Video stylets and channeled videolaryngoscopes also contributed to improved success rates, shorter intubation times, and better glottic visualization.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "upright position" }, { "word": "face-to-face approach" }, { "word": "right-rear approach" }, { "word": "videolaryngoscope" }, { "word": "videostylet" }, { "word": "Macintosh curve" }, { "word": "channeled videolaryngoscope" }, { "word": "hyperangulated videolaryngoscope" }, { "word": "face-to-face achanneled videolaryngoscope" } ], "section": "Critical Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4348h9nb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Cheng-Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tseng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chung-Shiung", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sheng-Han", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yung-Cheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Su", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chiayi Christian Hospital, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Department of Emergency, Chiayi County, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shu-Sheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hsin-Ling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tzu-Yao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xing Branch, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Faculty of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; CrazyatLAB (Critical Airway Training Laboratory), Taipei City, Taiwan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-24T12:11:38.193000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-28T17:17:43.576000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T05:03:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/39983/galley/37043/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 19453, "title": "Emergency Medicine Scholarly Tracks: A Mixed- methods Study of Faculty and Resident Experiences", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Emergency medicine (EM) scholarly tracks have been adopted for increased subspecialty exposure and training. However, current literature fails to elucidate the impact on faculty and resident careers and resident and faculty engagement opportunities or demonstrate barriers to continuation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived impact of EM scholarly tracks on participating faculty (eg, resident interaction/mentorship, career satisfaction, perceived barriers to implementation) and recent graduates (eg, faculty mentorship, reasons for track selection, perceived barriers to continuation).</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This mixed-methods study includes a cross-sectional quantitative survey with 30 EM residents (who graduated between 2021–2023) and semi-structured, one-hour qualitative interviews with six faculty in a large, tertiary-care academic medical center with a university-based hospital and medical school. We conducted frequency analyses on demographics, timing of tracks, mentorship impact, and implementation barriers. Chi-square analyses were used to compare the most and least common reasons for track selection. We evaluated faculty data in a program evaluation framework, seeking commonalities and idiosyncratic experiences.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Resident Data—Most participants pursued either academic or hybrid academic/community careers (18/30). Additionally, most participants reported a positive impact on mentorship (25/30). The most common reason for choosing a track was “area of clinical interest” (mean 2.93, P <.001). The least common reason was “lowest effort/amount of work” (mean 1.47, P<.05) when compared to half of the other choices. Most residents did not report barriers to track continuation. Faculty Data—Faculty frequently discussed how resident scholarly tracks led to increased one-on-one faculty: resident time. Additionally, they reported the opportunity for specialization of residents not seeking fellowships. A reported barrier to continuation of and resident engagement in tracks was the balance needed between teaching enough and over-teaching, which can discourage learner interest. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Recent EM graduates and current faculty members participating in scholarly tracks reported a positive impact on engagement and mentorship with minimal reported barriers to implementation and continuation. Scholarly tracks may offer more than educational benefits to participants, including individualized mentorship and career guidance.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Academic EM" }, { "word": "Scholarly Tracks" }, { "word": "Mentorship" } ], "section": "Editorial", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j44x703", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jason", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rotoli", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bodkin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Grace", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vangorder", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Valerie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lindsey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Beau", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-02-16T22:21:05.051000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-27T02:36:58.457000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T04:47:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/19453/galley/37004/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47113, "title": "Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part IA: The protobranchs (Nuculidae, Sareptidae, Pristiglomidae)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Systematic description and illustration of protobranch bivalves of the late Eocene–early Oligocene Keasey Formation in Oregon follows previous monographic treatments of the Keasey anomalodesmatans, heteroconchs and pteriomorphs. Of the three protobranch families documented here, this is the first recognition of Sareptidae and Pristiglomidae in the fossil record of the Northeastern Pacific and Cascadia Margin, as well as recognition of three undescribed species of Nuculidae. Small size and poor preservation contribute to previous failure to notice them in the field. New taxa include <em>Nucula</em> (<em>Nucula</em>) <em>cascadensis</em>, <em>Ennucula keaseyesis</em>, <em>Sarepta oregonensis</em>,<em> Sarepta nascif</em>, and <em>Pristigloma mistensis</em>. <em>Nucula</em> (<em>Nucula</em>) n. sp. is treated in open nomenclature pending discovery of additional material.<em> Acila</em> (<em>Truncacila</em>) <em>nehalemensis</em> is one of the most abundant and frequent bivalves in the formation. Because of the longstanding importance of the truncate acilas in Paleogene biostratigraphy, comparative accounts and illustrations are provided for three superposionally important species from the Eugene and Pittsburg Bluff formations in Oregon and the Twin River Formation in Washington. The Keasey Protobranch Association is an important component of the transitional peri-seep biotope at three distinctive Keasey methane seeps. The association also occurs throughout the formation at localities where protobranchs are preserved in fine-grained tuffaceous siltstones with gadilinid scaphopods and deposit-feeding taxa with living relatives adapted to dysoxia, diffuse methane seepage, and toxic geochemistry. Treatments include global biogeographic references and comparisons with similar taxa and molluscan assemblages, notably in the basins of southern New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica as well as active Western Pacific Margin settings in northern Japan and Far Eastern Russian Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and Kamchatka Peninsula</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "taxodont dentition" }, { "word": "nacre" }, { "word": "Eocene-Oligocene transition" }, { "word": "Cascadia Margin" }, { "word": "methane seep" }, { "word": "peri-seep biotope" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c46d2rh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Carole", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Hickman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-04-01T05:10:26.338000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-09T03:35:03.548000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T04:40:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/47113/galley/36867/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/47113/galley/36867/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48936, "title": "2025 Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontology Annual Meeting Abstracts", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Abstracts from the 2025 annual meeting of the Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontology</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Conference Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x65w110", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCord", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adrian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeb", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bevers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Borst", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "E.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Churi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gavin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCullough", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sherman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mohler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ismael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sanchez Morales", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Heather", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": "2025-07-10T02:05:00+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-11T04:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/48936/galley/36866/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48662, "title": "Current models of Agree", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>This paper is an opinionated survey of issues and perspectives in current models of Agree, understood as a single abstract grammatical operation common to all syntactic long-distance dependencies. I begin with a brief introduction to Chomsky's 2000, 2001 foundational work on Agree. I then review three strands of literature that have in notable ways chipped away at the conceptual foundations of that work in the course of improving the cross-linguistic empirical adequacy of the theory. These center on valuation and relativized probing, in section 3; defaults and failure to value, in section 4; and the question of whether goals must be made “active” by uninterpretable features, in section 5. In section 6, I review an ongoing debate about the directionality of Agree in light of the issues raised for uninterpretable features in sections 3-5. The paper concludes with a presentation of what I see as a way forward for the theory of Agree: the interaction/satisfaction theory, which provides a new conceptual grounding for Agree that in various respects makes sense of the empirical landscape uncovered by the past two decades of intensive research on this topic.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Syntactic theory" }, { "word": "Syntax" }, { "word": "generative grammar" }, { "word": "minimalism" }, { "word": "dependency" }, { "word": "feature theory" }, { "word": "interaction/satisfaction" }, { "word": "agreement" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g76n758", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Amy Rose", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Deal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "Linguistics" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-06-18T02:36:28.581000+05:30", "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-10T16:41:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/bling_formal_linguistics/article/48662/galley/36675/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/bling_formal_linguistics/article/48662/galley/36675/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41536, "title": "Time Motion Analysis of Emergency Physician Workload in Urgent Care Settings", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The POWER study, published in 2009 using data from 2003 examined the workload of emergency physicians using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) as a surrogate marker. Many hospitals use a case-mix formula incorporating annual census and POWER study data to determine staffing levels. However, significant changes in emergency medicine have occurred since its publication, including the implementation of electronic medical record systems, increased patient complexity, real-time dictation software, and human health resource challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed to quantify the time required to perform tasks in the care of ambulatory emergency department patients. Our secondary objective was to stratify these times based on CTAS and provider factors.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational time-motion study in the ambulatory section of a tertiary care academic emergency department with 90,000 visits annually, 70% of which are ambulatory. Research assistants shadowed physicians on two 8-hour shifts daily (8 AM to 12 AM) from July 12 to August 14, 2022, tracking the time taken by physicians to perform tasks. Aggregate task times were calculated per patient.</p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed 1,204 patient encounters over 65 shifts by 37 unique physicians. The mean treatment time was 21.6 minutes (95% CI 19.9-23.3) for ambulatory CTAS 2 patients, 22.5 minutes (95% CI 21.2-23.6) for CTAS 3 patients, 19.7 minutes (95% CI 17.9-21.6) for CTAS 4 patients, and 17.4 minutes (95% CI 14.9-19.9) for CTAS 5 patients. Compared to the previous POWER study data from 2003, CTAS 4 and 5 patient assessment times took 31% and 58% longer, respectively. Total assessment time by CTAS was statistically significant only comparing CTAS 5 patients to all others (p = 0.022). Physicians who dictated their charts spent 34% less time (2.1 minutes per patient) charting than those typing.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The average time to see an ambulatory ED patient was 21.7 minutes. Low-acuity ambulatory patients take longer to assess now than twenty years ago. CTAS alone is a poor marker of workload for ambulatory patients, necessitating a reassessment of staffing and compensation formulas.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ED administration" }, { "word": "ED operations" }, { "word": "Patient flow" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82d6v0zv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Scott", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Odorizzi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Ottawa, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hogan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sabrain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Idris", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Loraina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marzano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Veronique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rowley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Max", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuxin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Perry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Ottawa, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-26T00:12:52.385000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-10T04:50:59.012000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-10T04:53:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/41536/galley/37006/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 39964, "title": "Physicians in Greece’s Emergency Departments: Attitudes, Readiness, and Need for Formal Training", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Introduction: Greece is a high-income country and a member of the European Union. Emergency Departments (EDs) continue to be staffed by physicians with training in other medical specialties. This study aims to evaluate the perceived level of competency and preparedness of physicians who work exclusively in EDs in Greece. It also sought to identify gaps in EM expertise, opinions on the need for EM residency training in Greece, and job satisfaction of physicians practicing in Greek EDs. </p>\n<p>Methods: We performed a mixed method, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of physicians working in EDs across all health districts in Greece. The survey was administered in Greek and anonymously conducted online. Quantitative data was extracted from Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) to Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) and qualitative data was uploaded to NVivo (NVivo 14, Lumivero, Denver, CO, USA). The study received institutional review board approval, and all participants signed an online consent form.</p>\n<p>Results: 171 out of 263 (65%) of ED physicians based in 52 EDs across Greece responded to the survey. 62% of respondents were not EM-certified: most were trained in Internal Medicine or General Practice. Nearly 30% reported discomfort taking care of critically ill patients, and more than 50% reported discomfort taking care of trauma or pediatric patients. Fifty seven percent acknowledged that an EM residency is needed in Greece. Key themes identified in the qualitative analysis include a lack of skills and confidence, and a need for structured training in EM.</p>\n<p>Conclusion: The current emergency care model in Greece prohibits the development of the full spectrum of EM services to meet healthcare personnel expectations and population health needs. This survey represents the first assessment of attitudes, clinical preparedness, and perceived need for EM residency training among emergency care physicians working across all health districts in Greece. The majority did not feel comfortable caring for critically ill, trauma or pediatric patients, and expressed the need for EM residency training. Critical next steps should include training on targeted aspects of emergency care for existing ED physicians and continued efforts to establish EM residency training in Greece.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Emergency Medicine Development" }, { "word": "Greece" }, { "word": "physician burnout" }, { "word": "emergency medicine training" } ], "section": "International Medicine", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/155827jn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aly", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dimitrios", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Babales", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Larissa General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Larissa, Greece", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Olympia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kouliou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Larissa General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Larissa, Greece", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ulrich", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eleanor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reid", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dimitrios", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsiftsis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nikaia General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nikaia, Greece", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-23T06:42:29.502000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-06T20:31:32.265000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-10T04:44:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/39964/galley/37032/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 39912, "title": "Pupillometry in the Emergency Department: A Tool for Predicting Patient Disposition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the prognostic capability of the Neurological Pupil Index (NPI) in predicting patient disposition from within the emergency department (ED).</p>\n<p><strong>Method:</strong> This prospective observational study followed fifty comatose patients (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9) treated in the ED at a Level 1 Trauma Center and public safety net hospital located in San Francisco, CA. NPI scores were calculated using the NPi®-200 pupillometer. Data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected. NPI scores were categorized into three groups: 0 (very poor), 0.1-3.0 (poor to moderate), and 3.1-5.0 (good). ANOVA, Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher’s exact test, were used to assess the association between NPI scores and discharge status. Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The median age of patients in this study was 58 years (IQR: 42-74), and 66% were male. Higher NPI scores (3.1-5) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of ED discharge (81%), while lower NPI scores (0) were predominantly associated with hospital admission (92%) (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of discharge status included patient age, GCS scores, and coma etiology.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the utility of the NPI, a reliable and objective measure, in predicting patient disposition from within the ED. Higher NPI scores were strongly associated with an increased likelihood of ED discharge. These findings support the idea that NPI has the potential to enhance the accuracy of prognostic assessments, in comparison to subjective characterizations of pupil activity. Additional research with larger, multicenter cohorts is recommended to confirm these results and establish standardized protocols for integration of NPI in ED workflow. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Clinical Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r029937", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hector", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez", "name_suffix": "Jr.", "institution": "Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yanying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Newton", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Addo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Debbie", "middle_name": "Y.", "last_name": "Madhok", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-11-14T12:09:16.754000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-31T05:24:38.043000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-10T03:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/39912/galley/37042/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48924, "title": "Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontology Annual Meeting Abstracts PaleoBios 42(2):1-12", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Abstracts from the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontology, held at Yavapai College, Prescott, Arizona</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "<p><!-- x-tinymce/html --></p>\n<p>Readers are free to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format</li>\n<li><strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material<br><br>The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Under the following terms:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li>\n<li><strong>NonCommercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .</li>\n<li><strong>ShareAlike</strong> — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.<br><br>No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Notices:</p>\n<p>You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.</p>\n<p>No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.</p>", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12k0x5v9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jeb", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bevers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yavapai College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-07-10T03:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/48924/galley/38773/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 18610, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Patients with a Preferred Language Other than English in the Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on minority communities, including patients who identify as having a preferred language other than English (PLOE). Our primary goal in this study was to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with a PLOE in the emergency department (ED), and the use of interpreter services. Secondary outcomes evaluated were measures of patient care, including length of stay, number of studies performed, and unplanned return visits to the ED. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed an interrupted time series study of prospectively collected electronic health record (EHR) adult ED and language services data from an urban, safety-net hospital. </p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of patients presenting to the ED went down in the early peak of the pandemic; however, the percentage of patients with a PLOE went up compared with previous years (19% vs 16%) and, despite making up only 19% of total patients, comprised 44% of total COVID-19 positive patients. In-person interpreter use decreased (prevalence ratio 0.49, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 0.43-0.56) while telephonic and video interpretation increased (prevalence ratio 3.97, 95% CI 3.56-4.43). Baseline testing was unchanged. All groups experienced a decrease in median LOS in 2020, but this was only found to be significant for patients who speak a language other than English or Spanish (P<0.001). None of the patient groups experienced a significant increase in unscheduled returns in 2020.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data confirms that COVID-19 disproportionately affected patients with a PLOE, with patients with a PLOE 2.9 times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than their English-speaking counterparts. Efforts should be made to mitigate this effect via language-concordant care, professional interpreters, and culturally appropriate interaction and information dissemination, not only as it relates to planning for public health crises, but in the day-to-day function of the healthcare system at large. Continued research into the factors driving these inequities and ways to mitigate them is warranted.</p>", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Language" }, { "word": "preferred language other than English" }, { "word": "interpreters" }, { "word": "COVID-19" }, { "word": "emergency department" } ], "section": "Health Equity", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58k305jx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Molly", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thiessen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hopkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whitfield", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kristine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodrigues", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Richards", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Leah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Warner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jason", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haukoos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2023-12-02T01:39:48+05:30", "date_accepted": "2024-11-18T10:29:21.128000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-10T00:08:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/18610/galley/37026/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 20369, "title": "Outcomes of Copperhead Snake Envenomation Managed in a Clinical Decision Unit", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Copperhead envenomations are the most common snakebite in the United States, and the majority are categorized as mild-moderate severity. The need for prolonged observation to monitor for signs of envenomation supports observation in a clinical decision unit (CDU). To our knowledge, no articles to date have reported on the clinical outcomes of patients managed in a snakebite CDU protocol. </p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed a five-year structured, retrospective cohort study of adult patients managed in a single-center CDU, compared to a 10-year period of historical cohort managed inpatient at the same institution. Several clinical parameters were abstracted for comparison. The primary outcome was effective management in CDU observation as measured by length of stay (LOS), disposition, and documented return for care within the hospital system. Secondary outcomes were management comparisons between groups, as measured by LOS, frequency of antivenom use and vials administered, and surgical interventions. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> The two cohorts included 59 patients on CDU observation protocol compared to 36 patients as historical inpatient management. Fifty-four patients (92%) were discharged from observation. Five patients converted to inpatient admission, mostly secondary to uncontrolled pain. After discharge, six patients in the CDU cohort (10.2%) returned for care within the network for wound checks and/or concern for extremity swelling; all were discharged. Compared to the inpatient cohort, patients managed in CDU observation had shorter LOS, less antivenom administered, and fewer surgical interventions. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Copperhead snakebites can be managed effectively in clinical decision unit observation. The majority of patients were discharged from observation with few return visits. Few patients required admission; those who did were secondary to pain control issues. Anticipated gains of CDU observation are shortened length of stay and lower resource utilization.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Copperhead envenomation" }, { "word": "Snakebite envenomation" }, { "word": "Clinical Decision Unit" }, { "word": "Observation Care" } ], "section": "Toxicology", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bj4m2tv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mary", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Wittler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston- Salem, North Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hiestand", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston- Salem, North Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amlak", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bantikassegn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Atrium Health CMC, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Kline", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston- Salem, North Carolina", "department": "", "country": "United States" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Hannum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston- Salem, North Carolina", "department": "", "country": "United States" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-03-22T01:22:36.873000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-02-12T02:24:17.061000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T21:05:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/20369/galley/37040/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 47070, "title": "Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Tube Thoracostomy Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Case Report", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tube thoracostomy is a common yet exceedingly painful emergency department (ED) procedure, primarily used for pneumothorax evacuation. To facilitate safe performance, stable patients generally receive intravenous anxiolytic or opioid premedication, or perhaps even procedural sedation, in combination with local anesthetic infiltration of the insertion tract. However, more advanced pain management strategies, such as ultrasound-guided truncal blocks, offer a targeted and effective analgesic alternative without the risks or side effect profile inherent to sedation and opioid administration. Herein, a case is presented of painless ED tube thoracostomy following an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB). </p>\n<p><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 74-year-old female presented to the ED with chest pain and dyspnea from a recurrent, large right-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. An ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block was performed for full-thickness chest wall analgesia prior to tube thoracostomy. A pigtail catheter was inserted painlessly into the pleural space without need for rescue analgesia or procedural sedation, and the pneumothorax was successfully evacuated.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is increasingly employed in the emergency care setting as part of an opioid-sparing, multimodal analgesia strategy to manage acute pain. For chest tube insertion, the ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block provides potent, long-lasting, and non-euphorigenic, hemithoracic analgesia across multiple contiguous dermatomes from skin to parietal pleura, reducing the need for procedural sedation and opioid therapy while avoiding the incomplete chest wall blockade often associated with other truncal blocks. It is a valuable addition to the analgesic armamentarium of the emergency physician, enabling more comprehensive pain control prior to tube thoracostomy.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "thoracic paravertebral block" }, { "word": "Tube Thoracostomy" }, { "word": "Pneumothorax" }, { "word": "ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia" }, { "word": "case report" } ], "section": "Case Reports", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hw4v8mp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "Townsend", "last_name": "Reeves", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-03-23T20:05:15.682000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-28T03:48:28.420000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T12:25:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/47070/galley/38569/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41539, "title": "Case Report: Early Valvular Repair of <em>Rothia mucilaginosa</em> Endocarditis with Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage from Septic Emboli", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Rothia mucilaginosa is a rare cause of endocarditis, typically seen in intravenous (IV) drug users who use needles contaminated with saliva. However, it is rare in individuals who are immunocompetent, have no history of valvular disease, or have not undergone valvular repair. Definitive management of <em>R mucilaginosa </em>endocarditis is valvular repair, but this procedure can be delayed in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage.</p>\n<p><strong>Case Report: </strong>We document the case of a 35-year-old male IV drug user who developed <em>R mucilaginosa </em>endocarditis, resulting in severe neurologic sequelae due to septic emboli. The patient presented to the emergency department (ED) where work-up revealed a clinical presentation consistent with endocarditis resulting in septic emboli. He was later admitted to the neurosurgical and cardiac intensive care units, where he underwent thrombectomy, monitoring of<br>his intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), and mitral valve repair. This case highlights the patient’s functional neurologic outcome following delayed mitral valve repair due to IPH.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This case report highlights a rare form of <em>R mucilaginosa </em>endocarditis recognized in the ED, with a hospital course including thrombectomy, IPH monitoring, and mitral valve repair. The patient had progressive neurologic sequelae given delayed mitral valve repair due to concerns that procedural heparinization would worsen his IPH. Given functional decline, the patient underwent mitral valve repair on hospital day six without worsening of his IPH, demonstrating that current guidelines to delay mitral valve repair by four weeks in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage may be too strict for patients who are high risk for continued showering of septic emboli.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "endocarditis" }, { "word": "septic emboli" }, { "word": "Rothia mucilaginosa" }, { "word": "IV drug" }, { "word": "case report" } ], "section": "Case Reports", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w33s674", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Geisinger Medical Center, Emergency Department, Danville, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kristy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holecko", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Geisinger Medical Center, Emergency Department, Danville, Pennsylvania", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-12-26T02:42:17.649000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-18T20:08:10.904000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T12:20:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/41539/galley/38488/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 43503, "title": "The Trigeminocardiac Reflex? Severe Bradycardia Secondary to Facial Trauma: A Case Report", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR), a physiologic response to irritation of the branches of the trigeminal nerve, was first described in humans in 1870. Gastric hypermobility, hypotension, bradycardia, and even asystole have been reported in response to surgical manipulation of the trigeminal nerve and its branches, but literature is limited in patients not undergoing surgery. Although effects are generally transient and benign, TCR can present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in patients undergoing surgical manipulation of the trigeminal nerve and its branches.</p>\n<p><strong>Case Report</strong>: We describe a case of severe bradycardia secondary to facial trauma causing hemodynamic compromise and diagnostic uncertainty.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This case highlights a possible case of TCR, as well as therapeutic considerations, in a patient presenting to the emergency department with severe facial trauma.</p>", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "case report" }, { "word": "trigeminocardiac reflex" }, { "word": "facial trauma" }, { "word": "bradycardia" } ], "section": "Case Reports", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97k585gq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Boris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Penev", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hallmon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hughes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Medical University of South Carolina, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scarpino", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ritter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-02-14T01:35:42.327000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-05-09T12:38:57.332000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T12:20:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uciem_cpcem/article/43503/galley/38486/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35869, "title": " Fears Related to Blood-Injection-Injury Inhibit Bystanders from Giving First Aid", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prehospital emergency care is critical to saving lives. Facilitating bystander involvement and increasing the likelihood that people will provide first aid can reduce the time to treatment and increase the chances of survival and recovery. One possible solution to increasing people's willingness to provide first aid is to identify the barriers that may prevent them from doing so. One such barrier could be Blood Injury Injection (BII) phobia, which is a very common condition with up to 20% of people experiencing mild to severe fear and 3-5% experiencing phobic levels of fear.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the absence of a psychometrically sound measure of the probability of giving first aid, we developed a brief six-item questionnaire (Probability of Giving First-aid Scale; PGFAS) and tested its performance with the Polytomous Rasch Model. We demonstrated that the questionnaire had adequate reliability and validity. We then used the PGFAS measure to test how anxiety and disgust sensitivity related to BII phobia may act as barriers to providing medical assistance.</p>\n<p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that fear of injection and blood draw, blood and mutilation significantly reduced the likelihood of giving first aid. In contrast, fear of sharp objects, medical examinations, people showing symptoms of illnesses and disgust sensitivity, and fear of contamination did not have a significant effect.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the PGFAS could be a useful as a screening tool to identify people who are less likely to help. It may also be used to assess the effectiveness of first aid training, but this was not addressed in this study. Our results emphasize the importance of preparing the person who is to give first aid, and of incorporating activities that support helper identity into training that teaches technical knowledge.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Cardiology", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61s3j33q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andras", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Zsido", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Pécs, Department of Cognitive and Evolutionary Psychology, Pécs, Hungary; University of Pécs, Research Centre for Contemporary Challenges, Pécs, Hungary", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Botond", "middle_name": "Laszlo", "last_name": "Kiss", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Pécs, Department of Cognitive and Evolutionary Psychology, Pécs, Hungary; University of Pécs, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Basler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Pécs, Department of Cognitive and Evolutionary Psychology, Pécs, Hungary", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Birkas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Pécs, Hungary", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-10-07T20:07:32.887000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-05T06:33:56.672000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T05:07:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/35869/galley/37027/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 31053, "title": "Impact of Twice-weekly Scheduled Dialysis Through the Emergency Department for Patients with End-stage Renal Disease", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Undocumented immigrant patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) who do not have access to standard dialysis often rely on emergency-only dialysis (EOD) through the emergency department (ED). EOD is provided to patients who present with a critical dialysis need, which includes life threatening hyperkalemia, hypoxemia, uremia, and metabolic acidosis. Compared to standard dialysis, emergency-only dialysis leads to worse patient outcomes, higher hospitalization rates, hospital days, and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine hospitalization rates and hospital days after transitioning undocumented patients with ESKD from EOD to scheduled dialysis through the emergency department and subsequently from scheduled emergency department dialysis to standard dialysis (three day a week dialysis).</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study using data from one academic teaching hospital over the course of 10 years (2014-2023). All patients over the age of 18 who received dialysis primarily through the emergency department for more than one year were included in the study. Data from two cohorts was collected. Cohort 1 consisted of undocumented individuals who initially were receiving EOD and later transitioned to twice-weekly dialysis through the ED. Cohort 2 was composed of undocumented patients who transitioned from twice-weekly dialysis through the ED to a standard outpatient dialysis schedule. Patients who only received dialysis during one time period (no comparison time period) were excluded from the analysis. The primary outcome studied was hospitalization rate and hospital days. </p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall, there were 7 patients in cohort 1 (mean age = 39, 86% female) and 20 patients in cohort 2 (mean age= 44, 50% female). Analysis of hospitalization rates and hospital days was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Analysis demonstrated that transitioning from EOD dialysis to twice-weekly dialysis was associated with lower hospitalization rates (1.44 vs. 0.26, p < 0.05) and decreased total hospital days per month (2.18 vs. 1.20, p < 0.05). Switching from twice-weekly dialysis to standard outpatient dialysis was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations per month (0.10 vs. 0.02, p < 0.01) and lower hospital days per month compared to the twice-weekly dialysis regimen (0.31 vs. 0.08, p < 0.01).</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Introducing scheduled twice weekly dialysis sessions for undocumented patients with end stage kidney disease through the emergency department was associated with lower overall hospitalization rates and hospital days. Moving to the standard thrice weekly dialysis was associated with even lower hospitalizations and hospital days.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Emergency Only Dialysis" }, { "word": "end stage kidney disease" }, { "word": "undocumented immigrants" }, { "word": "Health Care Utilization" } ], "section": "Health Outcomes", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5761q6p6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shilpa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Raju", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Micah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ownbey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cotton", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jamal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abraham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hopkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Awad", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-07-30T04:43:06.216000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-03-23T01:40:35.449000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T03:16:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/31053/galley/37038/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 42229, "title": "Impact of Medical Student Involvement on Emergency Department Outcomes: A Tertiary Center Analysis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Increasing patient utilization and overcapacity threaten efficiency of care provided and the teaching mission. This study investigates the influence of medical students (MS) involvement on ED throughput, resource utilization, clinical outcomes, and addresses gaps in existing literature that primarily focus on resident physicians and singular throughput metrics.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 123,503 patient encounters with age >21 years at an urban tertiary care hospital, comparing cases with and without medical student participation. Continuous variables were compared using t-tests with bootstrap, and categorical variables by chi-square tests. Continuous variables were reported with mean and standard deviation (SD), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of mean difference was reported.</p>\n<p><strong>Results:</strong> Across all encounters, door-to-provider time showed no significant difference between encounters with MS (28.07 minutes ± 38.61) and without MS (28.39 minutes ± 37.99; P = 0.435). However, door-to-triage time was significantly shorter with MS involvement (14.32 minutes ± 15.02 vs. 15.69 minutes ± 27.67; P < 0.01). Arrival-to-disposition time (292.55 minutes ± 193.66 vs. 270.39 minutes ± 532.80; P < 0.01) and doctor-to-disposition time (266.83 minutes ± 186.12 vs. 242.93 minutes ± 376.38; P < 0.01) were both significantly longer with MS involvement. Utilization measures per 100 visits showed significant differences in CT scans (45.17/100 visits with MS vs 40.96/100 without, P<0.01) and plain radiographs (47.12/100 visits with MS vs 44.70/100 visits with, P<0.01) but not in MRIs, ultrasounds, or portable chest radiographs. Patient outcomes included higher admission rates (23.06% vs. 18.13%; P < 0.01) and higher AMA rates (1.65% vs. 1.12%; P < 0.01) for encounters with MS. However, the discharge rate was lower (56.63% vs. 66.66%; P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the rate of patients returning to the ED within 72 hours (6.27% vs. 6.42%; P = 0.55).</p>\n<p>In subgroup analysis of high complexity encounters, MS patients experienced shorter door-to-provider times (26.59 vs. 28.22 minutes, P < 0.01), door-to-triage times (13.55 vs. 14.46 minutes, P = 0.03), arrival-to-disposition (301.13 vs. 307.74 minutes, P =0.02) and doctor-to-disposition times (275.19 vs. 281.34 minutes, P=0.02). Utilization of CT scans and MRIs showed no significant differences. Medical student covered patient admission rates were equivalent (34.35% vs 33.59%, P=0.22), while discharge rates were lower (45.42% vs. 48.44%, P < 0.01), with no significant differences in rates of leaving AMA or returning to the ED within 72 hour. </p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Though medical student involvement is generally associated with longer patient stays in the ED, student involvement was shown to improve efficiency in the management of high-complexity cases. Increased rates of some diagnostic imaging and higher admission rates occurred with medical students. Limitations, including the retrospective nature and single-center design, highlight the need for multi-center validation of these findings to inform future resource allocation and educational strategies in the ED. </p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "medical student" }, { "word": "undegraduate medical education" }, { "word": "throughput" }, { "word": "Efficiency" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55x42733", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ballard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Asfia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Qureshi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chengu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Niu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Regional Health, Department of Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Keith", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grams", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Regional Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mathew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Devine", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Regional Health, Department of Medical Education, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nagesh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jadhav", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Regional Health, Department of Medicine, Rochester, New York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alweis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Regional Health, Department of Medical Education, Rochester, New York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-01-31T03:24:09.603000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-04-24T02:15:27.157000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-09T02:20:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/42229/galley/37002/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 48992, "title": "A Mono-Clausal Analysis of Afterthought Right Dislocation in Japanese", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>This study investigates specificational afterthought right dislocation (ARD) in Japanese, where a sentence-final constituent (appendix) clarifies a pronoun-like element (correlate) within the main clause. Unlike prior biclausal or antisymmetric accounts, this paper proposes a mono-clausal, head-final structure incorporating topic and focus movement within a cartographic framework. The analysis explains the observed properties of ARD—such as island sensitivity, anaphor binding, and case/particle matching—by positing that the correlate and appendix form a base DP, with the appendix undergoing movement to the right periphery. Crucially, the study accounts for the fixed ordering of multiple sentence-final discourse particles (e.g., wa > yo > ne) by aligning them with distinct syntactic projections. This approach resolves issues faced by previous models and provides a unified derivation for both simple and particle-rich ARD constructions, reinforcing a head-final structure while maintaining the explanatory benefits of cartographic syntax.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r13w0wf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Keisuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshimoto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ryukoku University", "department": "Policy Science" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-07-14T11:58:05.971000+05:30", "date_accepted": "2025-07-15T05:53:09.090000+05:30", "date_published": "2025-07-07T15:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/japanesekoreanlinguistics/article/48992/galley/36925/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/japanesekoreanlinguistics/article/48992/galley/36925/download/" } ] } ] }