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{ "count": 39504, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=16000", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=15800", "results": [ { "pk": 28446, "title": "A friend or a toy? Four-year-olds strategically demonstrate their competence\nto a puppet but only when others treat it as an agent", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Others’ beliefs about the self can powerfully influence our\neveryday interactions with others. Recent work suggests that\neven preschool-aged children are sensitive to what others think\nof the self and actively attempt to manage these beliefs (Asaba\n& Gweon, 2018). What cognitive capacities underlie these\nearly self-presentational behaviors, and in what contexts do\nthese behaviors emerge? Here we show that preschoolers\nstrategically demonstrate their competence to even a puppet,\nbut only when an adult treats the puppet as an agent and\nspecifically asks which toy the child wants to “show” to the\npuppet (Exp.1). However, they do not show such strategic\ndemonstration of their competence when the same puppet is\ntreated as an object (Exp.2). These results suggest that self-\npresentational behaviors can emerge even in the absence of any\nimmediate prospect of social evaluation insofar as children\nconsider the target entity as capable of holding beliefs.\nFurthermore, whether or not children ascribe a belief about the\nself to the target is heavily modulated by how an entity is\ntreated by others. We discuss the relevance of these findings to\nearly reputation management behaviors, and more broadly, the\nuse of make-believe agents in developmental research.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cognitive development; social cognition; Theory\nof Mind; reputation management; agency" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j957nk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Asaba", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiaoqian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Singapore University of Technology and Design", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "W. Quin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yow", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Singapore University of Technology and Design", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hyowon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gweon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28446/galley/18317/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28858, "title": "Agency Drives Category Structure in Instrumental Events", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Thematic roles such as Agent and Instrument have a long-\nstanding place in theories of event representation. Nonetheless,\nthe structure of these categories has been difficult to determine.\nWe investigated how instrumental events, such as someone\nslicing bread with a knife, are categorized in English. Speakers\ndescribed a variety of typical and atypical instrumental events,\nand we determined the similarity structure of their descriptions\nusing correspondence analysis. We found that events where the\ninstrument is an extension of an intentional agent were most\nlikely to elicit similar language, highlighting the importance of\nagency in structuring instrumental categories.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "thematic roles; events; categorization; tools;\nlanguage production; English" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h47d8x3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lilia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rissman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Asifa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Majid", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28858/galley/18729/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28894, "title": "A generalization becomes suppressed over time in the context of exceptions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "There has been a great deal of interest in howgeneralizations and exceptions are learned, withparticular interest in how speakers learn to avoidovergeneralizations. Do overgeneralizations disappearonly because exceptions become more stronglyrepresented or does the generalization itself becomesuppressed? Novel labels were constructed bycombining 56 syllables with one of two prefixes, andeach label was assigned a unique image. Most labels withthe first prefix were paired with images from ageneralization category, whereas exceptional labels werepaired with images from a different semantic category.All labels with the second prefix appeared with a thirdcategory (“baseline”). Participants used a computermouse to choose one of two images for each label.Mouse-tracking results show that the generalizationitself became suppressed over time in the context ofexceptional labels. A post-test demonstrated thatexceptions were learned with item-specific precision.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Language Acquisition" }, { "word": "Generalization" }, { "word": "exceptions" }, { "word": "overgeneralization" }, { "word": "Mouse-tracking" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82x8c04s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Karina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tachihara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kenneth", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Norman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Turk-Browne", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adele", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Goldberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28894/galley/18765/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29301, "title": "Agent-based modeling of how national identity affects party preferences in voting", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Attitudes concerning national identity (e.g., nationalism, patriotism) are known to correlate with various social behaviorssuch as party preferences in voting. For instance, survey data indicates that Japanese citizens who are proud of beingJapanese (i.e., patriots) and those who are high in a right-wing tendency are more willing to vote for the conservative party(Liberal Democratic Party). In this study, we employed an agent-based modeling approach to understand how nationalidentity affects individual voting intentions. The individual agents and the political party agents interacted with each otherby spreading their political attitudes (e.g., VAT should be increased to maintain the pension insurance system), and therecipients of the messages changed their attitudes (e.g., persuasion). The simulation revealed that the effects of persuasivemessages were moderated by the strength of its own national identity attitudes, and the resultant individual agents votingpreferences simulated the human participants data more precisely.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93q1907j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Taiji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ueno", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Takachiho University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ryu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hakche", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Neo Career, Co. Ltd.", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nobuko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Asai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kyoto-Bunkyo University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Minoru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karasawa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nagoya University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29301/galley/19172/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28978, "title": "Agent framing moderates concerns about moral contagion", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Concerns about moral contamination shape peoples attitudes towards the objects they encounter in daily life. For example,money seems less desirable when it comes from a robbery (Tasimi & Gelman, 2017). Drawing on the theory of dyadicmorality, we hypothesized that increasing an individuals sense of agency would reduce the salience of moral contagionand make people feel less vulnerable to moral contamination. Across two experiments, we adapted the study design ofTasimi and Gelman (2017), asking participants how much they desired a $1 (Experiment 1) or $100 (Experiment 2) billassociated with different negative moral histories. We modified the stimulus language so that participants were framed aseither the moral agent or patient for all scenarios. As predicted, participants in the agent language condition expressednearly the same level of desire regardless of the bills moral history, highlighting the role that feelings of agency play inmoral decision-making.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n9338hz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Flusberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Purchase College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carly", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LaPlace", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Purchase College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28978/galley/18849/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29076, "title": "A Geometric Interpretation of Feedback Alignment", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Feedback alignment has been proposed as a biologically plausible alternative to error backpropagation in multi-layer per-ceptrons. However, feedback alignment currently has not been demonstrated to scale beyond relatively shallow networktopologies, or to solve cognitively interesting tasks such as high-resolution image classification. In this paper, we providean overview of feedback alignment and review suggested mappings of feedback alignment onto biological neural net-works. We then discuss a novel geometric interpretation of the feedback alignment algorithm that can be used to analyzeits limitations. Finally, we discuss a series of experiments in which we compare the performance of backpropagationand feedback alignment. We hope that these insights can be used to systematically improve feedback alignment underbiological constraints, which may allow us to build better models of learning in cognitive systems.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21j763wq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andreas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stckel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Terrence", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stewart", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eliasmith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29076/galley/18947/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28845, "title": "Age-Related Differences in the Influence of Category Expectations on EpisodicMemory in Early Childhood", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Previous research evaluating the influence of category knowl-edge on memory found that children, like adults, rely on cat-egory information to facilitate recall (Duffy, Huttenlocher, &Crawford, 2006). A model that combines category and targetinformation (Integrative) provides a superior fit to preschoolersrecall data compared to a category only (Prototype) and targetonly (Target) model (Macias, Persaud, Hemmer, & Bonawitz,in revision). Utilizing data and computational approaches fromMacias et al., (in revision), we explore whether individual andage-related differences persist in the model fits. Results re-vealed that a greater proportion of preschoolers recall was bestfit by the Prototype model and trials where children displayedindividuating behaviors, such as spontaneously labeling, werealso best fit by the Prototype model. Furthermore, the best fit-ting model varied by age. This work demonstrates a rich com-plexity and variation in recall between developmental groupsthat can be illuminated by computationally evaluating individ-ual differences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Episodic Memory; Children; ComputationalModels; Category Knowledge; Color" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fp41899", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kimele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Persaud", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University-Newark", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Macias", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University-Newark", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pernille", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hemmer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University-New Brunswick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bonawitz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University-Newark", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28845/galley/18716/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29291, "title": "Aha! Under Pressure: Is the Aha! Experience Constrained by Cognitive Load?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Suddenly comprehending the solution to a vexing problem is often accompanied by an Aha! experience. The drivingmechanisms behind this experience are unclear. One way to address this, is to study Aha! under cognitive load. If Aha! isthe result of the same explicit process that we use to solve everyday problems, it should be influenced by cognitive load ina similar way. However, if it constitutes a different, more implicit process, cognitive load might not affect it at all. Usinga dual-task paradigm where participants solved word puzzles under different memory loads, we found that word puzzlessolved with Aha! were more accurate and led to higher solution confidence. When memory load increased, only puzzleswithout Aha! were solved more slowly. The fact that solution retrieval with Aha! was unaffected by memory load, impliesthat Aha! experiences rely on a process that does not compete for limited cognitive resources.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bf4123c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hans", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stuyck", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Catholic University of Leuven", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Axel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cleeremans", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universit libre de Bruxelles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eva", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van den Bussche", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "KU Leuven", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29291/galley/19162/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28765, "title": "AI and Cognitive Testing: A New Conceptual Framework and Roadmap", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Understanding how a person thinks, i.e., measuring a singleindividual’s cognitive characteristics, is challenging becausecognition is not directly observable. Practically speaking, stan-dardized cognitive tests (tests of IQ, memory, attention, etc.),with results interpreted by expert clinicians, represent the stateof the art in measuring a person’s cognition. Three areas ofAI show particular promise for improving the effectiveness ofthis kind of cognitive testing: 1) behavioral sensing, to morerobustly quantify individual test-taker behaviors, 2) data min-ing, to identify and extract meaningful patterns from behav-ioral datasets; and 3) cognitive modeling, to help map ob-served behaviors onto hypothesized cognitive strategies. Webring these three areas of AI research together in a unified con-ceptual framework and provide a sampling of recent work ineach area. Continued research at the nexus of AI and cogni-tive testing has potentially far-reaching implications for soci-ety in virtually every context in which measuring cognition isimportant, including research across many disciplines of cog-nitive science as well as applications in clinical, educational,and workforce settings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "artificial intelligence; behavioral sensing; cogni-tive modeling; computational psychiatry; neuropsychology" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g2327r9", "frozenauthors": [], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28765/galley/18636/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28604, "title": "Ain’t that a shame: An exploration into “academic” shame and STEM learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The current study explored the impact that “academic” shame had\non learning of the human circulatory system. Participants were\nrandomly assigned to one of two conditions: a shame induction\ncondition or a control condition (no shame induction). Results\nrevealed that the shame induction manipulation was related to\nhigher levels of state shame. Additionally, it was discovered that\nby and large “in the moment” shame and having a proneness to\nexperiencing shame dampened down any subsequent learning.\nImplications to education and future research are discussed.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "shame; cognition; learning; STEM; emotions" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q41f5j6", "frozenauthors": [], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28604/galley/18475/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28534, "title": "Algebraic Patterns as Ensemble Representations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Observers rapidly extract summary statistics from sets ofvisually presented items, like the mean size of a set of circles,or the mean expression of a set of faces. Their excellentability to report summary statistics stands in contrast to near-chance representation of any of the individuals. Here weasked to what extent this ‘ensemble perception’ signatureextends to a more abstract property: relations amongelements. Participants watched ten unique animations ofvisually patterned objects (hereafter, ‘shapes’) colliding witheach other and producing a new shape. Collisions conformedto ABA patterns, such that the result shape always matchedone of the collider shapes. Recognition tests showed thatparticipants accurately recalled the collisions they saw, butalso falsely accepted foils which conformed to the ABApattern but which were not in fact specifically seen (wererearrangements of the original shapes across collisions). Onthe other hand, they were much less likely to accept foilswhich did not conform to the pattern, but were equallydistinct rearrangements (e.g., AAB). This suggests thatparticipants represented the overall, common pattern betterthan the specifics of what they saw; the superior encoding ofthe summary relative to the individuals thus applies tosummaries of relations. However, in contrast to prior findingswith visual features, we did not find that recall of individualpatterns was entirely at chance. Our paradigm offers a way topursue future questions such as the pressures and motivationswhich might govern the trade-off between summarizingevidence vs. retaining individual experiences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ensemble perception; artificial grammar learning;pattern recognition; episodic memory; semantic memory" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89h8760q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leshinskaya", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sharon", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Thompson-Schill", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Enoch", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lambert", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tufts University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28534/galley/18405/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28566, "title": "A Mechanistic Account of Constraints on Control-Dependent Processing:Shared Representation, Conflict and Persistence", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "One of the most fundamental and striking limitations of hu-man cognitive function is the constraint on the number ofcontrol-dependent processes that can be executed simultane-ously. However, the sources of this capacity constraint re-main largely unexplored. Previous work has attributed the con-straints on control-dependent processing to the sharing of rep-resentations between tasks in neural systems. Here, we exam-ine how shared representations interact with two other factorsin producing constraints on control-dependent processing. Wefirst demonstrate that the detrimental effects of shared repre-sentations on multitasking performance are contingent on theamount of conflict that is induced by the tasks that share rep-resentations. We then examine how the persistence of sharedrepresentations between tasks affects processing interferenceduring serial task execution. Finally, we discuss how this set ofmechanisms can account for various phenomena in neural ar-chitectures, including the psychological refractory period, taskswitch costs, as well as constraints on cognitive control.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cognitive control; capacity constraint; dual-tasking; psychological refractory period; neural networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q15s405", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sebastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Musslick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Cohen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28566/galley/18437/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28417, "title": "A Meta-analysis of Sex Differences in Human Navigation Skills", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Popular sources often assume the existence of a male advantage in navigation, but the scientific\ndata are inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluates the literature on behavioral sex differences in\nhuman navigation. We quantify the overall magnitude of sex differences in a variety of\nparadigms and populations and examine potential moderators in large-scale navigation skills,\nusing 694 effect sizes from 266 studies and a multilevel linear modeling approach. Overall, we\nfound that male participants outperform female participants, with a small to medium effect size\n(d= 0.34 to 0.38). The type of task, the type of dependent variable and the testing environment\nsignificantly contribute to variability in effect sizes. Pointing and recall tasks show larger sex\ndifferences than distance estimation tasks or learning to criterion; among the dependent variables, the deviation scores associated with pointing tasks show larger effect sizes. The largest\nestimate was d = .55 for tasks than required coordinating indoor and outdoor views.\nInterestingly, studies with children younger than 13 years showed very small effect sizes (d\n= .15) as compared to older age groups. We discuss the implications of these findings for the\nstudy of sex differences and identify avenues for future navigation research.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Symposia", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mf1t6x8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nazareth", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lucy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of New Brunswick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nora", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Newcombe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Voyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of New Brunswick", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28417/galley/18288/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28744, "title": "A Model-Based Investigation of the Biological Origin of Human Social Perceptionof Faces", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans readily form social impressions of faces at a glance,whether assessing trustworthiness, attractiveness, or domi-nance. However, little is understood about how such compu-tations are carried out neurally. Here, we leverage a computa-tional model of human face perception to quantify and charac-terize the extent to which macaque monkey face patch neuronsencode information relevant for social trait perception. Specif-ically, we use a social trait prediction model to estimate thesocial trait ratings for face stimuli viewed by monkeys duringa neural recording experiment. We find that, while the monkeyface patch neurons are linearly tuned to facial features differ-ent from those used by humans to make social judgments, thesubspace spanned by the face patch neurons and the subspacespanned by the facial features supporting human social percep-tion are highly overlapping. This result implies that the infor-mation present in the monkey face patch neurons are largelysufficient, after linear decoding, to support human social per-ception, thus shedding light on the biological origin of humansocial processing of faces.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "face perception; social perception; representation;neural recording; face modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94m725gc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sophia", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Huang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chaitanya", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Ryali", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jianling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dalin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jinyan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yvonne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Angela", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Yu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28744/galley/18615/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29116, "title": "A multi-study neuroeducational perspective on vocabulary learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We aim to apply cognitive neuroscience insights to vocabulary learning practice. Towards this end, we review currenteducational methods in relation to important characteristics of the mental lexicon, such as similarity-coding. This showsthat methods relate poorly to the mental lexicon, and that especially contrasting - explicitly distinguishing similarities -receives little attention. To remedy this, we run experiments to put these findings into practice. First, we ask participants tolearn artificial vocabulary using retrieval practice multiple-choice, manipulating the orthographic and semantic similarityof distractors. The prediction is that learning will be harder but more effective depending on similarity and translationdirection. Second, we test whether participants show indications of gradient descent learning when guessing in recallretrieval practice. Thirdly, we use cognitive neuroscience and large scale word learning data to model the mental lexicon.Combined, these studies potentially offer relevant scientific and societal insights, applicable to school settings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9788z0vj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Peta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baxter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Randi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goertz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lukas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ansteeg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Josh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ring", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marianne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van den Hurk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mienke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Droop", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ton", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dijkstra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Harold", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bekkering", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University Nijmegen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Frank", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leone", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29116/galley/18987/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28624, "title": "An ACT-R approach to investigating mechanisms of performance-related changesin an interrupted learning task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Learning constitutes an essential part of human experienceover the life course. Independent of the domain, it ischaracterized by changes in performance. But what cognitivemechanisms are responsible for these changes and how dosituational features affect the dynamics? To inspect that inmore detail, this paper introduces a cognitive modelingapproach that investigates performance-related changes inlearning situations. It leverages the cognitive architectureACT-R to model learner behavior in an interrupted learningtask in two conditions of task complexity. Comparisons withthe original human dataset indicate a good fit in terms of bothaccuracy and reaction times. Although interruption effects aremore obvious in the human data, they are prevalent as well inthe model. Furthermore, the model can map the learningeffects, particularly in the easy task condition. Based on theexisting mapping of ACT-R module activity with fMRI data,simulated neural activity is computed to investigate underlyingcognitive mechanisms in more detail. The resulting evidenceconnects learning and interruption effects in both taskconditions with activation-related patterns to explain changesin performance.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Learning; Interruption; Cognitive performance;ACT-R; Simulated neural activity" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wb1m43h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wirzberger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jelmer", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Borst", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Josef", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Krems", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "TU Chemnitz", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Günter", "middle_name": "Daniel", "last_name": "Rey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "TU Chemnitz", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28624/galley/18495/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28863, "title": "Analysis of review quality by using gaze data during document review", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In software development, deliverables in an upstream process\nare reviewed to ensure their quality and to reduce error\npropagation to the downstream process. Methods are\navailable for evaluating the review quality. In this study, we\nconsidered the defect detection process in a review of\nRequirement Definition Documents and tested a potential\nrelationship between the gaze patterns and review quality.\nSpecifically, we analyzed the relationship between the gaze\npatterns, with a primary focus on the blink rate, in a review of\nRDDs and detection accuracy. A significant nonlinear\ncorrelation between the blink rate and the detection accuracy\nwas observed; moreover, the subsequent regression analysis\nalso verified the blink rate as the best predictor of the review\nquality, notwithstanding the use of other gaze patterns. This\nresult indicates that the blink rate is a major predictor of a\ntype of review performance.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "gaze; blink rate; document review; review\nquality; signal detection theory; machine learning;" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cc1q6ck", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Koki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saito", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shohei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hidaka", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28863/galley/18734/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29236, "title": "Analysis on learning a latent structure in a probabilistic reversal learning task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We need to be flexible to adapt to dynamically changing circumstances. A probabilistic reversal learning task is one ofthe experimental paradigms to characterize flexibility of a subject. In recent studies, it is hypothesized that a subject mayutilize not only a reward history but also a cognitive map representing a latent structure of the task. In this study, weconducted an experiment using the task toward understanding a process of learning a latent structure of the task. We foundsubjects choose a rewarding option with relatively high frequency in a later phase of the task. Analyzing the subjectsdecision making, it is suggested that they make decision based on their own estimation about the latent structure. Astatistical model selection suggested that a reinforcement learning model with state representations fit behavioral data inthe later phase. These results suggest the subjects learn the latent structure during the task.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08654321", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Akira", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Masumi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Takashi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sato", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29236/galley/19107/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29087, "title": "Analyzing Performance Differences in Artists and Engineers- An RPM Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Analytic reasoning differences, as gauged from intelligence metrics, in students engaged in streams requiring a predom-inantly divergent (arts) or convergent thinking (science and engineering) is a topic of interest. In this paper we haveexamined this difference by a modified sequence of two sections (D & E) of the Standard Ravens Progressive matrices(RPM). The scan path gaze behavior was analyzed with an eye tracker. The 30 engineering students (half of them arealso trained in fine arts) scored higher than the 15 fine arts students. In the former cohort, the artistic and the non-artisticset show no difference in performance but the scan path, fixation count and time taken indicate possible differences invisual strategies for pattern identification. From the detailed analysis, we argue that intelligence as measured by RPM isenhanced by training in reasoning and logic as in engineering streams and might not reflect an innate ability.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r64j84t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sravya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vatsavayi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Priyanka", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Srivastava", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kavita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vemuri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29087/galley/18958/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29065, "title": "An Associative Theory of Semantic Representation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We present a new version of the Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic model (SP; Dennis, 2005) as a representational substrate forencoding meaning from textual input. We depart from the earlier SP model in three ways. Instead of two multi-tracememory stores, we adopt an auto-associative network. Instead of treating a sentence as the unit of representation, we godown a scale to the level of words. Finally, we specify all stages of processing within a single architecture. We showhow the model is capable of forming representations of words that are independent of the surface-form through somequestion-answering examples. We end with a discussion of how the current model can provide a mechanistic account ofelaborative and inferential processes during comprehension.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g62534d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shabahang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hyungwook", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dennis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29065/galley/18936/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28956, "title": "An asymmetry between distance estimates made to and from a target", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In three experiments, we demonstrated that the self can act as a cognitive reference point, producing an egocentric asym-metry effect on distance judgments such that targets are judged as closer to the viewer than the viewer is to the target.Egocentric asymmetry was observed even when there was a fixed reference object that people could use to anchor distanceestimates across trials (Experiment 2). Further, egocentric asymmetry was greater to a non-human artifact than to a humanavatar (Experiment 3). In addition, distances from a mailbox to a human avatar were estimated as shorter than distancesfrom an avatar to a mailbox, suggesting that the special status of the self may extend to other people when compared tonon-human objects even in allocentric distance judgments (Experiment 2).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kr2h7r2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bosch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yaacov", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Trope", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28956/galley/18827/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28760, "title": "An Attempt to Visualize and Quantify Speech-Motion Coordination by Recurrence\nAnalysis: A Case Study of Rap Performance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recently, cognitive science researchers have revealed that\nhuman cognition involves the body and is a kind of self-\norganization phenomenon emerging from dynamic interaction\nacross body-brain-environment. Some of the data obtained\nfrom such cognitive, behavioral, or physiological activities\nare often complicated in terms of non-stationarity and\nnonlinearity. Researchers have proposed several analytical\ntools and frameworks. Recurrence analysis is one of the\nnonlinear data analyses developed in nonlinear dynamics. It\nhas been applied to various research fields, including\ncognitive science, for language (categorical) data or motion\n(continuous) data. However, most previous studies have\napplied recurrence methods individually to categorical or\ncontinuous data. We aimed to integrate these methods to\ninvestigate the relationship between speech (categorical) and\nmotion (continuous) directly. To do so, we added temporal\ninformation (a time stamp) to categorical data and applied the\njoint recurrence analysis methods to visualize and quantify\nspeech-motion coordination during a rap performance. Our\npilot study suggested the possibility of visualizing and\nquantifying it.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Visualization; Quantification; Recurrence\nAnalysis; Speech-Motion Coordination; Rap" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cr0g2fs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kentaro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kodama", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kanagawa University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daichi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shimizu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kazuki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sekine", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Keio University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28760/galley/18631/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29074, "title": "An Attractor Neural-network Simulation of Decision Making", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We apply an attractor neural-network model to experiments on monkeys who decided which direction tokens are moving,while firing rates of large numbers of neurons in premotor cortex are being recorded. Using pools of artificial excitatoryand inhibitory neurons, our network model accurately simulates the neural activity and decision behavior of the monkeys.Among the simulated phenomena are decision time and accuracy, commitment, patterns of neural activity in trials of vary-ing difficulty, and an urgency signal that builds over time and resets at the moment of decision. Predictive simulationsof decision change are also presented, suggesting gradual passing through an uncertain region on the way to a new deci-sion. The model shows that committed decisions need not involve any explicit threshold detection mechanism. Instead,competition, suppression, decision, and commitment naturally emerge from the dynamics of the system.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cg5z5ct", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stendel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shultz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29074/galley/18945/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29069, "title": "An Empirical investigation of JointSeparate Effect on Preference of CausalExplanation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What makes an explanation better than another explanation? Previous studies have suspected that explanatory virtues,such as Simplicity and Scope, affect individuals’ evaluation of the explanatory goodness. Although almost all of thesestudies have focused on the situation that some explanations are presented simultaneously, we do not always obtain someexplanations in daily life. In this research, we conducted an experiment to investigate the preference change in causalexplanation between Joint and Separate Evaluations. The results showed that Latent scope has a large effect as a criterionfor evaluating explanatory goodness regardless of Joint and Separate Evaluation. Furthermore, Simplicity affects theevaluation of explanatory goodness differently between these situations of evaluation; however, the effect of comparisonwas observed only by online reflection in which evaluation is performed for two explanations simultaneously and not byoffline reflection in which evaluation is re-performed after ending all evaluations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x52498q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Asaya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SHIMOJO", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nagoya University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kazuhisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miwa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nagoya University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hitoshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Terai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kindai University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29069/galley/18940/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29250, "title": "An Engineered Approach: Examining the Role of Child-directed Speech WithAutomatic Speech Recognition and Network Science", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Language acquisition is a significant developmental process children undertake automatically but is only partially un-derstood. Though researchers have long debated the influence of internal knowledge and external stimuli in languageacquisition, both features are required for this process. External stimuli are dominated by child-directed speech for thefirst few years of life. Accordingly, the role of child-directed speech (CDS) in early language acquisition continues toattract cognitive and developmental researchers. Here, we use statistical and computational tools from Automatic SpeechRecognition (ASR) and Network Science to explore the statistical nature of CDS. In particular, we examine CDS usingtwo complementary computational approaches: a bottom-up approach using ASR as a representation of auditory process-ing, and a top-down approach using networks to represent semantic and syntactic knowledge. Exploring CDS with bothmethods offers the unique opportunity to model the role of CDS in language acquisition from a more holistic perspective.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fg731k1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Erick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oduniyi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Kansas, Lawrence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rebekah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manweiler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Kansas, Lawrence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brumberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Kansas, Lawrence", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29250/galley/19121/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28761, "title": "A neural representation of continuous space using fractional binding", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We present a novel method for constructing neurally imple-mented spatial representations that we show to be useful forbuilding models of spatial cognition. This method representscontinuous (i.e., real-valued) spaces using neurons, and iden-tifies a set of operations for manipulating these representa-tions. Specifically, we use “fractional binding” to construct“spatial semantic pointers” (SSPs) that we use to generate andmanipulate representations of spatial maps encoding the posi-tions of objects. We show how these representations can betransformed to answer queries about the location and identitiesof objects, move the relative or global position of items, andanswer queries about regions of space, among other things.We demonstrate that the neural implementation in spiking net-works of SSPs have similar accuracy and capacity as the math-ematical ideal.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Semantic Pointer Architecture; spatial semanticpointer; spatial representation; fractional binding; continuousspaces; spiking neural networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zz346g1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Komer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Terrence", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Stewart", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aaron", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Voelker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eliasmith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28761/galley/18632/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28981, "title": "A New Class Of Proximity Data Obtained From Dictionary Networks", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Background. Proximity data is a notion that indicates the degree of psychological closeness of concepts. It includes,among others, judgments of similarity, relatedness and cause-effect. Obtaining proximity data is challenging because itinvolves experts, corpora and people. On the other hand, dictionaries are fair representations made by experts (and thus,good proxies) of the lexicon and linguistic heritage of people.Methods. We present a method to automatically obtain proximity data from dictionaries. We construct a network represen-tation of a dictionary; exploit classical techniques on networks to build a similarity matrix; extract parameterized cloudsof lexical proximity; test them with native speakers.Results. Preliminary evaluations show that the method captures word associations significant to humans. Although theresearch was done in Spanish, the methods are easily reproducible in other languages.Conclusions. Dictionaries are good sources of proximity data. We conjecture that dictionary networks are good proxies tohuman mind semantic associations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9746k2v5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Camilo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garrido", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad de Chile", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Claudio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gutierrez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad de Chile", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Guillermo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Soto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad de Chile", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28981/galley/18852/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28475, "title": "A New Probabilistic Explanation of the Modus Ponens–Modus Tollens Asymmetry", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A consistent finding in research on conditional reasoning isthat individuals are more likely to endorse the valid modus po-nens (MP) inference than the equally valid modus tollens (MT)inference. This pattern holds for both abstract task and prob-abilistic task. The existing explanation for this phenomenonwithin a Bayesian framework (e.g., Oaksford & Chater, 2008)accounts for this asymmetry by assuming separate probabil-ity distributions for both MP and MT. We propose a novelexplanation within a computational-level Bayesian account ofreasoning according to which “argumentation is learning”.We show that the asymmetry must appear for certain priorprobability distributions, under the assumption that the condi-tional inference provides the agent with new information thatis integrated into the existing knowledge by minimizing theKullback-Leibler divergence between the posterior and priorprobability distribution. We also show under which conditionswe would expect the opposite pattern, an MT-MP asymmetry.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "conditional reasoning; probabilistic reasoning;Bayesian model; computational-level account" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0775b50h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eva", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Univeristy of Konstanz", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hartmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "LMU Munich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Henrik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28475/galley/18346/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28926, "title": "An Examination of Perseveration Terms in Reinforcement Learning Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Perseveration, or stickiness parameters have been added to reinforcement-learning (RL) models to capture autocorrelationin choices. Here, we systematically examined whether perseveration terms simply improve a models ability to fit noisein the data, thereby making them overly flexible. We simulated data with basic versions of a Delta and Prediction-ErrorDecay model with no perseveration terms added, and for half of the simulated data sets we added random noise to expectedRL values on each trial. We then performed cross-fitting analyses where the simulated data sets were fit by the basicdata-generating models as well as extended models with perseveration terms added. The addition of perseveration termsimproved model fit, particularly when noise was added to the simulation process. Parameter recovery was generally poorerfor the extended models. These results suggest simpler models may be more useful for prediction and generalization tonovel environments, as well as for theory development.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f38x1p5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Darrell", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Worthy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas A&M University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Astin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cornwall", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas A&M University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hilary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Don", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas A&M University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28926/galley/18797/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28710, "title": "An Experimental Protocol to Derive and Validate a Quantum Model ofDecision-Making", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study utilises an experiment famous in quantum physics,the Stern-Gerlach experiment, to inform the structure of an ex-perimental protocol from which a quantum cognitive decisionmodel can be developed. The ’quantumness’ of this modelis tested by computing a discrete quasi-probabilistic Wignerfunction. Based on theory from quantum physics, our hypothe-sis is that the Stern-Gerlach protocol will admit negative valuesin the Wigner function, thus signalling that the cognitive de-cision model is quantum. A crowdsourced experiment of twoimages was used to collect decisions around three questions re-lated to image trustworthiness. The resultant data was used toinstantiate the quantum model and compute the Wigner func-tion. Negative values in the Wigner functions of both imageswere encountered, thus substantiating our hypothesis. Find-ings also revealed that the quantum cognitive model was amore accurate predictor of decisions when compared to pre-dictions computed using Bayes’ rule.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "quantum cognition; decision-making; complexHilbert space; binary response; cognitive modelling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b60n93d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Queensland University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shahram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dehdashti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Queensland University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bruza", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Queensland University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Catarina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moreira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Queensland University of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28710/galley/18581/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29024, "title": "An experiment in the neuroscience of learning interactions: The effect of agencyon emotional processing in dyads learning physics with a serious computer game", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Many educational approaches assume that making the learner active leads to better learning although this improvement inlearning has not be firmly quantified experimentally. The goal of this paper is to articulate a model of agency in cooperativelearning based on a predictive cognitive architecture and to explore methodological strategies as well as theoretical andapplied implications of agency in the study of cooperative learning, in this case with data on emotional processing. Resultsfrom 27 dyads (1 player and 1 watcher) who played a serious game for learning physics for 120 minutes show that agencyhas no effect on the overall quantity of emotional processing, but that the emotional processing of a watcher and playeris synchronized. A watchers emotional processing may precede or be delayed from the players. The cornerstone of thisframework is the notion of predictions, which unites top-down and bottom-up influences as modulated by the possibilityfor action (agency). The model presented is the foundation for process-oriented studies of cooperative learning from aneducational neuroscience perspective.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xp885f4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Julien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mercier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université du Québec à Montréal", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ariane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paradis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université du Québec à Montréal", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kathleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whissell-Turner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université du Québec à Montréal", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ivan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Avaca", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université du Québec à Montréal", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29024/galley/18895/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29273, "title": "Animal Vocalization Generative Network (AVGN): A method for visualizing,understanding, and sampling from animal communicative repertoires", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We propose here a set of machine-learning algorithms to produce a generative low-dimensional and visually-understandablespace of the communicative repertoire of vocal species such as songbirds. As opposed to human speech, where individualelements are well defined and grounded in principled ways, the methods for defining units of animal communication sys-tems are often more varied and rely on human-centric heuristics. Using our method, we can automatically discover latentstructure in the vocal repertoire of individuals and use these to define-well principled categorical boundaries between vocalelements in communicating species. Further, we can sample from latent representations to generate novel vocal units thatcan be used to probe perceptual and physiological representations of communication. We demonstrate two use cases: (1)automated labeling of songbird vocal repertoires showing novel structure in vocal communication, and (2) a perceptualtask demonstrating that behavioral and physiological representational spaces can be biased by contextual information.GitHub.com/timsainb/AVGN", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38k5g2g5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sainburg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marvin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thielk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gentner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29273/galley/19144/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28456, "title": "An Insight into Language: Investigating Lexical and Morphological Effects in\nCompound Remote Associate Problem Solving", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Understanding the processes leading to insight has remained\none of psychology’s greatest challenges. In this study, we\nexamined how different lexical properties affect cognitive\nprocesses involved in a popular class of insight problems:\nCompound Remote Associates (CRAs). These properties were\nfamiliarity, lexeme meaning dominance, and semantic\ntransparency. We found that a higher proportion of problems\nwere solved when they were presented beginning with the most\nfamiliar cues, but not when they began with right-headed\ndominant or the most semantically transparent cues. Further,\nwe found that participants focused their efforts\ndisproportionately on first and last cues, that subjective ratings\nof insight decreased as trial times elapsed, and that the\nmagnitude of reported insight increased with the number of\ncues successfully solved. This suggests that participants can\nmonitor their progress in such problems. These results contest\nlongstanding assumptions of requisite periods of impasse and\nthe absence of incremental progress in insightful problem\nsolving.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "compound remote associates; insight; language\nand thought; problem solving" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d03n6dn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Bower", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burton", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steyvers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Batchelder", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28456/galley/18327/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28596, "title": "An Integrated Trial-Level Performance Measure:Combining Accuracy and RT to Express Performance During Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Memory researchers have studied learning behavior andextracted regularities describing learning and forgetting overtime. Early work revealed forgetting curves and the benefitsof temporal spacing and testing for learning. Computationalmodels formally implemented these regularities to capturerelevant trends over time. As these models improved, theywere applied to adaptive learning contexts, where learningprofiles could be identified from responses to past learningevents to predict and improve future performance. Often times,past performance is expressed as accuracy alone. Here weexplore whether a model’s predictions can be improved ifpast performance is expressed by an integrated measure thatcombines accuracy and response times (RT). We present asimple, data-driven method to combine accuracy and RT on atrial-by-trial basis. This research demonstrates that predictionsmade using the Predictive Performance Equation improvewhen past performance is expressed as an integrated measurerather than accuracy alone.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Learning; forgetting; cognitive model; accuracy;response time; integrated measure" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sz0g314", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Florian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sense", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tiffany", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jastrzembski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wright-Patterson Air Force Base", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krusmark", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wright-Patterson Air Force Base", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Siera", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martinez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wright-Patterson Air Force Base", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hedderik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Rijn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28596/galley/18467/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29212, "title": "An Investigation on the Relationships Among Social Cognition Processes byEye-Tracking Techniques", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The present study integrates four primary social cognition processes Joint Attention(JA), Intention Detection(ID), Per-spective Taking(PT), and Social Reference(SR) into lively comic scenarios in order to disentangle their relationships andpossible one-to-one connections. By using eye-tracking technique, gaze patterns in terms of Total Fixation Durationwere considered as indexes to examine the hypotheses. It is found that PT is positively correlated with JA, ID, and SRwhereas JA is positively correlated with ID and PT. As a criteria-related validation, the scores of Geneva Social CognitionScale(GeSoCS) were used to delineate the gaze performance. Participants with higher score in GeSoCS showed differenteye-movement patterns to those with lower score, indicating the pattern of eye movements could be a reliable indicatorof social cognition status. Moreover, the correlations revealed in the present study suggest that close connections existbetween social cognition processes and eye gaze scanning toward pictorial scenarios.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55r1d4mp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Pei-Ling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kuo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Social Science", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ting", "middle_name": "Yun", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ting-Hsuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shiau-Wen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mingzhe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jon-Fan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29212/galley/19083/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28738, "title": "An Ontology of Decision Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Decision models are formal algorithms that are used to represent decision processes and predict choice across a wide rangeof disciplines. These models are often highly complex, which makes it difficult to understand the relationships betweendifferent models, the unique features of individual models and, in turn, the fundamental properties of choice behaviorcaptured by these models. We address this issue in a large-scale computational analysis that uses parameter bootstrappingcross-fitting techniques to derive pairwise measures of decision model distances. Our analysis includes over 80 prominentmodels of risky and intertemporal choice, and results in an ontology of decision models, with data-driven model clustersand hierarchies that synthesize over seven decades of quantitative research on human choice behavior.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ps0n23q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lisheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wenjia", "middle_name": "Joyce", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sudeep", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bhatia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28738/galley/18609/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28932, "title": "A perspective-change based account of creativity evaluation:An investigation in simile assessments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Why do people experience something as creative? We proposea perspective-change based account of creativity evaluation.Drawing upon structure mapping theory (Gentner, 1983), weshow that people evaluate a simile to be creative when theyspontaneously (Study 1) or are induced (Study 2) to experiencea change in perspective. This account further predicts thatpeople are unlikely to find a simile creative if they are unableto form a working perspective, as is in the case of anomalies.In addition, a simile is unlikely to be evaluated as creative whenpeople’s initial perspectives are sufficient to interpret thesimile, as in the case of literal statements. We further show thatrepeated use of the same perspective suppresses the experienceof perspective change and thus reduces creativity perception(Study 3).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "creativity evaluation; analogy; simile; perspective-change; structure mapping theory" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sd0d3hv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shiyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Loewenstein", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28932/galley/18803/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28820, "title": "A Picture is Worth 7.17 Words: Learning Categories from Examples andDefinitions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Both examples and verbal explanations play an important rolein learning new concepts and categories. At the same time,learning from verbal explanations is not accounted for in mostcategory learning models, and is not studied in the traditionalcategory learning paradigm. We propose a rational categorycommunication model that formally describes the process ofcommunicating a category structure using both verbal expla-nations and visual examples in a pedagogical setting. We buildour model based on the assumption that verbal instructions arebest suited for communication of crude constraints on a cat-egory structure, while exemplars complement it by providingmeans for finer adjustments. Our empirical study demonstratesthat verbal communication is indeed more robust to changesin stimuli dimensionality, but that its efficiency is adverselyaffected when distinguishing between categories requires per-ceptual precision. Communicating through examples has a re-versed pattern. We hope that both the proposed experimentalparadigm and the computational model would facilitate furtherresearch into the relative roles of verbal and exemplar commu-nication in category learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "categorization; category learning; computationalmodelling; communication efficiency; communication chan-nels" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97k296tt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Arseny", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moskvichev", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roman", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tikhonov", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Research University Higher School of Economics,", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steyvers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28820/galley/18691/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28851, "title": "A Piecemeal Processing Strategy Model for Causal-Based Categorization", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Over the last 20 years, causal-model theory has produced muchknowledge about causal-based categorization. However, per-sistent violations to the normative causal-model theory areprevalent. In particular, violations to the Markov conditionhave been repeatedly found. These violations have receiveddifferent explanations. Here, we develop a model that startsfrom generally accepted cognitive phenomena (e.g., process-ing limitations, the relevance of inference in cognitive process-ing) and assumes that people are not fully causal nor fully asso-ciative when performing causal-based categorization, offeringa new explanation for Markov violations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "causal-based categorization; causal-model theory;causal inference; Markov condition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41b2h1j7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guillermo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Puebla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sergio", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Chaigneau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Adolfo Ib ́a ̃nez", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28851/galley/18722/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28558, "title": "Applying Deep Language Understanding to Open Text:Lessons Learned", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human-level natural language understanding (NLU) of opentext is far beyond the current state of the art. In practice, ifdeep NLU is attempted at all, it is within narrow domains. Wereport a program of R&D on cognitively modeled NLU thatworks toward depth and breadth of processing simultaneous-ly. The current contribution describes lessons learned – scien-tifically and methodologically – from an exercise in applyingdeep NLU to open-domain texts. An overarching lesson wasthat although learning to compute sentence-level semanticsseems like a natural step toward computing full, context-sensitive, semantic and pragmatic meaning, corpus evidenceunderscores just how infrequently semantics can be cleanlyseparated from pragmatics. We conclude that a more compre-hensive methodology for automatic example selection and re-sult validation is needed as prerequisite for success in devel-oping NLU applications operating on open text.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "natural language understanding; cognitive model-ing; language-endowed intelligent agents" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7th0w0q8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Marjorie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McShane", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beale", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Irene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nirenburg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28558/galley/18429/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28904, "title": "Applying the Visual World Paradigm in the Investigation of Preschoolers’ OnlineReference Processing in a Continuous Discourse", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Using a novel adaptation of the visual world eye-trackingparadigm we investigated children’s and adults’ onlineprocessing of reference in a naturalistic language context.Participants listened to a 5-minute long storybook whilewearing eye-tracking glasses. The gaze data were analyzedrelative to the onset of referring expressions (i.e., full nounphrases (NPs) and pronouns) that were mentionedthroughout the story. We found that following the mentionof a referring expression there was an increase in theproportion of looks to the intended referent for both childrenand adults. However, this effect was only found early on inthe story. As the story progressed, the likelihood thatparticipants directed their eye gaze towards the intendedreferent decreased. We also found differences in the eye gazepatterns between NPs and pronouns, as well as betweenchildren and adults. Overall these findings demonstrate thatthe mapping between linguistic input and corresponding eyemovements is heavily influenced by discourse context.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "visual world paradigm; eye-tracking; referenceprocessing; discourse" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91t5j27p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Abigail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Toth", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alberta", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Monique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Charest", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alberta", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jacolien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Rij", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Juhani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Järvikivi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alberta", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28904/galley/18775/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29220, "title": "Approximate Inference through Sequential Measurements of LikelihoodsAccounts for Hicks Law", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In Bayesian categorization, exactly computing likelihoods and posteriors might be hard for humans. We propose anapproximate inference framework inspired by Bayesian quadrature and Thompson sampling. An agent can pay a fixedcost to make a noisy measurement of the likelihood of one category. By sequentially making measurements, the agentrefines their beliefs over the likelihoods. When the agent stops measuring and chooses a category, they get rewarded forbeing correct; the agent chooses the category that maximizes probability correct. To decide whether to make anothermeasurement, the agent simulates one measurement for each category. If any of the gains in expected reward exceedsthe cost, they make a real measurement corresponding to the simulation with the largest gain. We find that the averagenumber of measurements grows approximately logarithmically with the number of categories, reminiscent of Hicks law.Furthermore, our model makes predictions for decision confidence among multiple alternatives.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8v5209dk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Xiang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Luigi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Acerbi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Geneva", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "Ji", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29220/galley/19091/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28628, "title": "A predictability-distinctiveness trade-off in the historical emergence of word forms", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It has been proposed that language evolves under the joint con-straints of communicative expressivity and cognitive ease. Weexplore this idea in the historical emergence of word forms.We hypothesize that new word forms that enter the lexiconshould reflect a trade-off between predictability and distinc-tiveness. An emergent word form can be highly predictable ifit efficiently reuses elements from the existing word forms, re-sulting in low cognitive load. An emergent word form shouldalso be sufficiently distinctive from the existing lexicon, facil-itating communicative expressivity. We test our hypothesis byexamining the properties of 34,478 emergent word forms overthe past 200 years of Modern English. We show how wordforms at future time t + 1 are bounded statistically betweenn-gram generated word forms (highly predictable) and slangwords that are outside the standard lexicon (highly distinctive)at time t. Our work supports the view of cognitive economy inlexical emergence.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "word form; lexicon; lexical emergence; languageevolution; cognitive economy" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb249bt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Aotao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramiro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Toronto", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28628/galley/18499/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28837, "title": "A proverb is worth a thousand words:Learning to associate images with proverbs", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We describe a system that can associate images with Englishproverbs. We start from a corpus of proverbs, harvest relatedimages from the web and use this data to train two variants ofa convolutional neural network. We then collect a small set ofannotations, and use these to combine the outputs of the twonetworks into a single prediction for each input image. Wecarry out feature selection experiments on a set of features de-rived from the images and from the predicted proverbs, anddemonstrate that the metaphoricity of the proverbs plays a sig-nificant role in classification accuracy. An empirical evalua-tion with human raters confirms the system’s ability to abstractfrom the raw bits in the images and to learn meaningful, non-trivial associations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wj9v5f3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "G ̈ozde", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ozbal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "FBK-Irst - Trento", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daniele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pighin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Google Zurich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carlo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Strapparava", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "FBK-Irst - Trento", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28837/galley/18708/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28724, "title": "A rational model of syntactic bootstrapping", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Children exploit regular links between the meanings of wordsand the syntactic structures in which they appear to learn aboutnovel words. This phenomenon, known as syntactic bootstrap-ping, is thought to play a critical role in word learning, espe-cially for words with more opaque meanings such as verbs.We present a computational word learning model which re-produces such syntactic bootstrapping phenomena after expo-sure to a naturalistic word learning dataset, even when undersubstantial memory constraints. The model demonstrates howexperimental syntactic bootstrapping effects constitute rationalbehavior given the nature of natural language input. The modelunifies computational accounts of word learning and syntacticbootstrapping effects observed in the laboratory, and offers apath forward for demonstrating the broad power of the syntax–semantics link in language acquisition.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "syntactic bootstrapping; word learning; computa-tional models" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15t9r0qp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gauthier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Levy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28724/galley/18595/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28473, "title": "A rational model of word skipping in reading: ideal integration of visual andlinguistic information", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "During reading, readers intentionally do not fixate a wordwhen highly confident in its identity. In a rational model ofreading, word skipping decisions should be complex functionsof the particular word, linguistic context, and visual informa-tion available. In contrast, simple heuristic of reading onlypredicts additive effects of word and context features. Here wetest these predictions by implementing a rational model withBayesian inference, and predicting human skipping with theentropy of this model’s posterior distribution. Results showeda significant effect of the entropy in predicting skipping abovea strong baseline model including word and context features.This pattern held for entropy measures from rational modelswith a frequency prior but not from ones with a 5-gram prior.These results suggest complex interactions between visual in-put and linguistic knowledge as predicted by the rational modelof reading, and a dominant role of frequency in making skip-ping decisions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "eye movements; reading; word identification; ra-tional analysis; skipping" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z03w8r1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yunyan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Klinton", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bicknell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28473/galley/18344/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28655, "title": "Are all Remote Associates Test equal?An overview and comparison of the Remote Associates Test in different languages", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Remote Associates Test (RAT, CRA) is a classical creativ-ity test used to measure creativity as a function of associativeability. The RAT has been administered in different languages.Nonetheless, because of how embedded in the language thetest is, only a few items are directly translatable, and most ofthe time the RAT is created anew in each language. This pro-cess of manual (and in two cases computational) creation ofRAT items is guided by the researchers’ understanding of thetask. However, are the RAT items in different languages com-parable? In this paper, different RAT stimuli datasets are an-alyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Significant differencesare observed between certain datasets in terms of solver per-formance. The potential sources of these differences are dis-cussed, together with what this means for creativity psycho-metrics and computational vs. manual creation of stimuli.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Remote Associates Test; RAT; CRA; Creativity;Creativity evaluation and metrics; Creativity Test" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23q7622x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jan", "middle_name": "Philipp", "last_name": "Behrens", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Freie Universit ̈at Berlin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ana-Maria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oltet ̧eanu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Freie Universit ̈at Berlin", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28655/galley/18526/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28866, "title": "Are Cross-Linguistically Frequent Semantic Systems Easier to\nLearn? The Case of Evidentiality", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It is often assumed that cross-linguistically more prevalent\ndistinctions are easier to learn (Typological Prevalence\nHypothesis - TPH). Prior work supports this hypothesis in\nphonology, morphology and syntax but has not addressed\nsemantics. Using an Artificial Language Learning paradigm,\nwe explore the learnability of semantic distinctions within the\ndomain of evidentiality (i.e. the linguistic encoding of\ninformation sources). Our results support the TPH, since the\nmost prevalent evidential system was learned best while the\nmost rare evidentiality system yielded the worst learnability\nresults. Furthermore, our results indicate that, cross-\nlinguistically, indirect information sources seem to be marked\npreferentially (and acquired more easily) compared to direct\nsources. We explain this pattern in terms of the pragmatic need\nto mark indirect, potentially more unreliable sources over\ndirect sources of information.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "evidentiality; artificial language learning;\nlearnability; semantics; information sources" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6049n3j0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Dionysia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saratsli", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bartell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Papafragou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28866/galley/18737/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29297, "title": "A re-examination of the interrelationships between attention, eye behavior, andcreative thought", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Internally focused attention, characterized by reduced sensory input, is often correlated with memory retrieval and theability to combine memories to generate new ideas. Accordingly, the attenuation of external distractors (e.g., via reducedvisual input) may be expected to enhance idea generation. We conducted a study requiring participants to perform analternative uses task, in either a well-lit or totally dark environment. We also measured eye movements, as they have beenlinked with idea generation and attention. Departing from prior studies, our participants were not presented with visualstimuli, but received auditory task instructions. Preliminary analyses replicated the eye behavior attributed to internalattention in previous research, including more and shorter fixations and greater saccade amplitude in the dark. While theseresults suggest a positive relationship between darkness and internal attention, task performance was not significantlyinfluenced by darkness manipulation. The findings and suggestions for future studies will be discussed.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p26s7v1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shadab", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tabatabaeian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Colin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holbrook", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carolyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jennings", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29297/galley/19168/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28971, "title": "A Reservoir Model for Intra-Sentential Code Switching Comprehension in Frenchand English", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Some people can mix two languages within the same sentence: this is known as intra-sentential code-switching. Themajority of computational models on language comprehension are dedicated to one language. Some bilingual modelshave also been developed, but very few have explored the code-switching case. We collected data from human subjectsthat were required to mix pairs of given sentences in French and English. Truly bilingual subjects produced more switcheswithin the same sentence. The corpus obtained have some very complex mixed sentences: there can be until elevenlanguage switches within the same sentence. Then, we trained ResPars, a Reservoir-based sentence Parsing model, withthe collected corpus. This Recurrent Neural Network model processes sentences incrementally, word by word, and outputsthe sentence meaning (i.e. thematic roles). Surprisingly the model is able to learn and generalize on the mixed corpus withperformances nearly as good as the unmixed French-English corpus.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6s19q8kg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Pauline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Detraz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Inria", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xavier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hinaut", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Inria", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28971/galley/18842/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28568, "title": "A Resource-Rational Mechanistic Approach to One-shot Non-cooperative Games:The Case of Prisoner’s Dilemma", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The concept of Nash equilibrium has played a profound rolein economics, and is widely accepted as a normative stance forhow people should choose their strategies in competitive envi-ronments. However, extensive empirical evidence shows thatpeople often systematically deviate from Nash equilibrium. Inthis work, we present the first resource-rational mechanisticapproach to one-shot, non-cooperative games (ONG), show-ing that a variant of normative expected-utility maximizationacknowledging cognitive limitations can account for impor-tant deviations from the prescriptions of Nash equilibrium inONGs. Concretely, we show that Nobandegani et al.’s (2018)metacognitively-rational model, sample-based expected util-ity, can account for purportedly irrational cooperation rates ob-served in one-shot, non-cooperative Prisoner’s Dilemma, andcan accurately explain how cooperation rate varies dependingon the parameterization of the game. Additionally, our workprovides a resource-rational explanation of why people withhigher general intelligence tend to cooperate less in OPDs, andserves as the first (Bayesian) rational, process-level explana-tion of a well-known violation of the law of total probability inOPDs, documented by Shafir and Tversky (1992), which hasresisted explanation by a model governed by classical proba-bility theory for nearly three decades. Surprisingly, our workdemonstrates that cooperation can arise from purely selfish,expected-utility maximization subject to cognitive limitations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "One-shot non-cooperative games; Nash equilib-rium; resource-rational process models; expected utility the-ory; behavioral game theory; Prisoner’s Dilemma; cooperation" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dz6h6tn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ardavan", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Nobandegani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "da Silva", "last_name": "Castanheira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Shultz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "A. Ross", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Otto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28568/galley/18439/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29325, "title": "A resource-rational model of physical abstraction for efficient mental simulation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Physical simulation enables people to make intuitive predictions about physical scenes and interact flexibly with the objectsaround them, from a stack of books balanced on a ledge to the turrets and moats of a sandcastle. We hypothesize that whenthe number of possible objects makes simulation intractable, people use chunked abstractions that reduce the number ofobjects they need to simulate while also minimizing simulation error. We tracked participants gaze while they viewedcomplex towers of blocks and predicted whether the towers would remain stable under gravity. We developed a resource-rational model of how people might optimally partition towers into chunks of blocks. Subsequently, we compared thismodel to participants fixations over the scene. We explore how efficient, resource-rational chunkings of physical scenesmight underlie peoples ability to make rapid and robust inferences in this domain.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t90p9rr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamrick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McKee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Raphael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Koster", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balaguer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Battaglia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Botvinick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DeepMind", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29325/galley/19196/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28569, "title": "A Resource-Rational Process-Level Account of the St. Petersburg Paradox", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The St. Petersburg paradox is a centuries-old philosophicalpuzzle concerning a lottery with infinite expected payoff,on which people are, nevertheless, willing to place only asmall bid. Despite many attempts and several proposals, nogenerally-accepted resolution is yet at hand. In this work, wepresent the first resource-rational process-level explanation ofthis paradox, demonstrating that it can be accounted for by avariant of normative expected-utility-maximization which ac-knowledges cognitive limitations. Specifically, we show thatNobandegani et al.’s (2018) metacognitively-rational model,sample-based expected utility (SbEU), can account for majorexperimental findings on this paradox. Crucially, our resolu-tion is consistent with two empirically well-supported assump-tions: (1) people use only a few samples in probabilistic judg-ments and decision-making, and (2) people tend to overesti-mate the probability of extreme events in their judgment.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "St. Petersburg Paradox; bounded rationality;resource-rational process models; expected utility theory; in-ference by sampling" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c90v6k5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ardavan", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Nobandegani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "da Silva", "last_name": "Castanheira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Shultz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "A. Ross", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Otto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28569/galley/18440/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29048, "title": "A round Bouba is easier to remember than a curved Kiki: Sound-symbolism cansupport associative memory", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Past research has shown that prior knowledge can support our episodic memory for recently encountered associations(Chalfonte & St-Giles, 1996; Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). Badham, Estes and Maylor (2012) for example, showed thatintegrative relationships between words help associative memory, even if the relationships are highly unfamiliar. A pair ofwords is integrative if the words make sense when considered together (e.g. monkey-foot). We extend this phenomenonto sound-symbolism associations; here, the latter refer to relationships between phonemes and object characteristics–relationships that participants readily find natural, even without prior knowledge of the items. For instance, the non-wordmaluma is much more readily associated with a random shape with rounded contours than with a shape that has sharpangles (Khler, 1929, 1947). In our study, 70 participants completed paired-associate memory tests after studying lists ofthree shape / non-word pairs. The sound-shape pairs that relied on known sound-symbolism links facilitated associativememory.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59w3g167", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Marie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poirier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "City University of London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ren-Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sonier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universit de Moncton, Moncton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dominic", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guitard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universit de Moncton, Moncton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jean", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saint-Aubin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universit de Moncton, Moncton", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29048/galley/18919/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28608, "title": "Articulatory features of phonemes pattern to iconic meanings: evidence fromcross-linguistic ideophones", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Iconic words are known to exhibit an imitative relationshipbetween a word and its referent. Many studies have workedto pinpoint sound-to-meaning correspondences for ideophonesfrom different languages. The correspondence patterns showsimilarities across languages, but what makes such language-specific correspondences universal, as iconicity claims to be,remains unclear. This could be due to a lack of consensus onhow to describe and test the perceptuo-motor affordances thatmake an iconic word feel imitative to speakers. We created andanalyzed a database of 1,888 ideophones across 13 languages,and found that 5 articulatory properties, physiologically acces-sible to all spoken language users, pattern according to seman-tic features of ideophones. Our findings pave the way for futureresearch to utilize articulatory properties as a means to test andexplain how iconicity is encoded in spoken language.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "iconicity; ideophones; systematicity; sound sym-bolism; phonology; semantics" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx4w43n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Arthur", "middle_name": "Lewis", "last_name": "Thompson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicolas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Collignon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Youngah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Do", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Hong Kong", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28608/galley/18479/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28588, "title": "Asking goal-oriented questions and learning from answers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The study of question asking in humans and machines hasgained attention in recent years. A key aspect of question ask-ing is the ability to select good (informative) questions froma provided set. Machines—in particular neural networks—generally struggle with two important aspects of question ask-ing, namely to learn from the answer to their selected ques-tion and to flexibly adjust their questioning to new goals. Inthe present paper, we show that people are sensitive to both ofthese aspects and describe a unified Bayesian account of ques-tion asking that is capable of similar ingenuity. In the first ex-periment, we predict people’s judgments when adjusting theirquestion-asking towards a particular goal. In the second ex-periment, we predict people’s judgments when deciding whatfollow-up question to ask. An alternative model based on su-perficial features, such as the existence of certain key wordsin the questions, was not able to capture these judgments to areasonable degree.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bayesian modeling; active learning; informationsearch; question asking" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04q6z1mq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anselm", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rothe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brenden", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Lake", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Gureckis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28588/galley/18459/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29063, "title": "A Smile Goes a Long Way: Exploring the Effect of Culture, Weather, andConnectedness on Smile Diffusion with an Agent-based Modell", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This paper first synthesizes research showing that (a) people reciprocate smiles, (b) smiling and being smiled at elevatesmood, and (c) elevated mood is associated with proclivity to smile. Collectively, these findings suggest that smiling iscontagious, i.e., smiles diffuse through a social network. The paper then presents experiments carried out to investigatehow various factors affect the contagiousness of smiling using an agent-based model in which smiling affects a moodvariable, which in turn affected proclivity to smile. The society consistently stabilized on a proportion of smilers, themagnitude of which was a function of social connectivity. Using previous data on the effect of weather and culturaldifferences on smile reciprocity, we simulated how these factors affect smile diffusion. Smile diffusion was greater in thesunny condition than the cloudy condition, and in the American condition than the Japanese condition, and both effectswere magnified by increased social connectivity.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76v8z94s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Victoria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scotney", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fabian", "middle_name": "Cid", "last_name": "Yanez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cooper", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Liane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gabora", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29063/galley/18934/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29002, "title": "Assessing Integrative Complexity as a Measure of Morphological Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Morphological paradigms differ widely across languages in their size and number of contrasts they mark. Recent work onmorphological complexity has argued that certain features of even very large paradigms make them easy to learn and use.Specifically, Ackerman & Malouf, 2013 propose an information-theoretic measure, i-complexity, which captures the extentto which forms in the paradigm predict each other, and show that languages which differ widely in surface complexityexhibit similar i-complexity; in other words, paradigms with many contrasts reduce the learnability challenge for learnersby having predictive relationships between inflections. We present three artificial language learning experiments testingwhether i-complexity in fact predicts learnability of nominal paradigms where nouns inflect for class and number. Ourresults reveal only weak evidence that paradigms with low i-complexity are easier to learn than paradigms with highi-complexity. We suggest that alternative aspects of complexity may have a larger impact on learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c4955sx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tamar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Culbertson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hugh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rabagliati", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kenny", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29002/galley/18873/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29061, "title": "Assessing the role of matching bias in reasoning with disjunctions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "On mental models theories, reasoners create mental representations of information which they manipulate in order toderive new conclusions. These theories have been uniquely successful at explaining a class of attractive fallacies involvingdisjunctions. The original theories have appealed to low-level matching mechanisms (Walsh & Johnson-Laird, 2004;Koralus & Mascarenhas, 2013) to compare the models of the premises and the models of the conclusion and predict ananswer. In three experiments, we show that the check for overlap in content involved in these accounts must take place ata high level of cognition in order to incorporate complex world knowledge. We introduce variants of illusory inferencesfrom disjunction whose acceptance is accurately predicted by independant measures of confidence in causal connections.We conclude that the Revised Mental Model Theory of Khemlani et al. (2018) holds promise, but cannot account for ourdata out of the box.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sq5w9r3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mathias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sabl-Meyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universit Paris-Saclay", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Salvador", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mascarenhas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ecole Normale Suprieure", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29061/galley/18932/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28972, "title": "Assessment of Cognitive Load in the Context of Neurosurgery", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The work presented in this paper explores the amount of effort, defined by cognitive load, needed to understand depthvisualization while navigating a virtual space in the context of planning for image guided surgery. In this context, cognitiveload is evaluated by measuring brain activity through event-related electroencephalography (EEG). We found a significantdifference between dynamic depth cue renders versus statically rendered cues. The work presented here demonstrates theusefulness of EEG as an acceptable and efficient method to inspect brain activity for future user studies in the operatingroom, and that cognitive load can serve as an objective measure of visualization effectiveness.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bq2p1xv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Di Giovanni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Drouin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kersten-Oertel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Concordia University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Collins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28972/galley/18843/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29066, "title": "Associations versus Propositions in Memory for Sentences", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Propositional accounts of organization in memory have dominated theory in compositional semantics, but it is an openquestion whether their adoption has been necessitated by the data. We present data from a narrative comprehensionexperiment, designed to distinguish between a propositional account of semantic representation and an associative accountbased on the Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic (Dennis, 2005; SP) model. We manipulated expected propositional-interferenceby including distractor sentences that shared a verb with a target sentence. We manipulated paradigmatic-interferenceby including two distractor sentences, one of which contained a name from a target sentence. That is, we increased thesecond-order co-occurrence between a name in a target sentence and a distractor. Contrary to the propositional assumption,our results show that subjects are sensitive to second-order co-occurrence, hence favouring the associative account.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qv7c4q0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shabahang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hyungwook", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dennis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Melbourne", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29066/galley/18937/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28733, "title": "A Surprising Density of Illusionable Natural Speech", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent work on adversarial examples demonstrates a brittleness of many state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Weinvestigate one human analog, asking: What fraction of natural speech can be turned into illusions which alter humans per-ception or result in different people having significantly different perceptions? Using generated videos, we first empiricallyestimate that 17% of words occurring in natural speech have some susceptibility to the McGurk effect–the phenomenonby which adding a carefully chosen video clip to the audio channel affects the viewers perception of the message. We de-velop a bag-of-phonemes prediction model for word-level illusionability that we extend with natural language modeling tobuild a sentence-level framework. We train an instantiation using Amazon Mechanical Turk evaluations on sentence-levelillusions. Finally we generate several new instances of the Yanny/Laurel illusion, demonstrating that it is not an isolatedoccurrence. The surprising density of illusionable instances warrants further investigation from cognitive and securityperspectives.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f32959f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Melody", "middle_name": "Y.", "last_name": "Guan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gregory", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Valiant", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28733/galley/18604/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29057, "title": "(A)symmetry (Non)monotonicity: Towards a Deeper Understanding of KeyCognitive Di/Trichotomies and the Common Model of Cognition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Many dichotomies from across the cognitive sciences can be reduced to one of two fundamental distinctions (a)symmetryand (non)monotonicity of processing simplifying greatly the space of dichotomies needed to structure this broad interdis-ciplinary discipline. Taking the cross-product of these two dichotomies then yields a 2x2 structure of cells that in its turnyields a deeper understanding of two key trichotomies based on control and content hierarchies with each mapping tothree out of the four cells. This cross-product and its four cells further provide a deeper understanding of the structure ofthe Common Model of Cognition an attempt to develop a community consensus concerning the processes and structuresimplicated in human-like minds as well as cognitive architectures that map onto it, such as ACT-R, Sigma and Soar andeven AlphaZero with results that bear on the structure of integrative architectures, models and systems; and on theircommonalities, differences and gaps.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b69z07x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rosenbloom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California, Los Angeles", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29057/galley/18928/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29189, "title": "A tool to analyze verb phrase and noun phrase relationship in sentences", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "SPACY is a well-known package for NLP analysis for delineating the Verb phrases and Direct Objects in English byapplying the default structures to define noun phrase. However, SPACY lacks a function to include the status of adjectivesand vast amount of noun phrase structures for identifying the relationship between Verbs and Nouns efficiently. Thepresent study develops a SPACY-based program to customize practical noun phrase structures written in industrial SOPsfor machine operations. It performs better at merging overlapping structures, for example, a sentence An important thingof NLP is hard to define can be processed to be An important thing, NLP, thing of NLP; and then automatically mergedinto one noun phrase An important thing of NLP. The capacity of the program can abstract the core concepts of sentencesand recognize the co-occurrences of noun phrases and their associated verbs from the corpus for research and applicationpurposes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dv772tk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Te-En", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Cheng Kung University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tao-Hsing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29189/galley/19060/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29310, "title": "A tradeoff between generalization and perceptual capacity in recurrent neuralnetworks", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In a classic paper, Miller (1956) summarized findings showing that people can only identify a limited number of distinctstimuli at a time. One puzzling aspect of this capacity limitation is that it is approximately invariant to range. Thatis, the number of accurately identifiable stimuli is approximately the same regardless of how far apart the stimuli arespaced. Models of this phenomenon have suggested that people operate in a context-coding mode when performing thesetasks, effectively carrying out a form of contextual normalization, but why such normalization might take place is unclear.Here, we propose an explanation by appealing to a tradeoff with generalization. Specifically, we implement contextualnormalization in a recurrent neural network and show that this normalization enables stronger generalization in a relationalreasoning task, but also results in a perceptual capacity limitation which captures many of these classic phenomena.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15x2409z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Taylor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Webb", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frankland", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Segert", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petrov", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Randall", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O’Reilly", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado Boulder", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cohen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29310/galley/19181/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28920, "title": "A Trade-Off in Learning Across Levels of Abstraction in Adults and Children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Learning about novel objects not only involves noticinginformation that makes the object unique, but also what makesobjects the same. Yet, these two levels of learning involvedifferent pieces of information, meaning that learning one wellcould come at the cost of the other. Moreover, children maycategorize in a fundamentally different way, resulting in theselevels of learning interacting differently. To investigate this,we had adults and children perform a categorization taskfollowed by an item recognition test. We found that adultsshowed a trade-off, such that the ability to categorize itemscame at the cost of memory for those items. Using a subset ofmore unique lures, children’s memory trended towards a trade-off with category learning. However, this was only observedamong the older children. This suggests that adults’ efficientlearning comes at a cost, and this trade-off may start to appearin the elementary school years.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cognitive development; category learning;abstraction; generalization; memory; selective attention" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1367h0t5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Erika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wharton-Shukster", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Toronto", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "Sue", "last_name": "Finn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Toronto", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28920/galley/18791/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28787, "title": "Attentional Capture: Modeling Automatic Mechanisms and Top-Down Control", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We present a computational model of attentional capture inhumans. The model distinguishes between automatic mecha-nisms that directly determine the focus of visual attention, anddeliberate mental actions an individual can perform to influ-ence these mechanisms. The automatic mechanisms select anobject as the focus of attention and enhance its location andfeatures, so that nearby or similar objects are likely to be se-lected in the future. The deliberate actions include engagingwith a selected object to further enhance its features, and re-trieving a previously selected object from memory. By per-forming these actions, the model is able to exert limited top-down control over capture, increasing the probability that task-relevant objects will be attended and irrelevant objects will beignored. To evaluate the model, we conduct a simulation of arecent visual search study, demonstrating that the model canaccount for three established factors that are known to influ-ence capture.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "visual attention; visual search; computationalmodeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/682695zd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lovett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Will", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bridewell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bello", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28787/galley/18658/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28488, "title": "At the Zebra Crossing: Modelling Complex Decision Processes with Variable-Drift\nDiffusion Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Drift diffusion (or evidence accumulation) models have found\nwidespread use in the modelling of simple decision tasks.\nExtensions of these models, in which the model’s\ninstantaneous drift rate is not fixed but instead allowed to\nvary over time as a function of a stream of perceptual inputs,\nhave allowed these models to account for more complex\nsensorimotor decision tasks. However, many real-world tasks\nseemingly rely on a myriad of even more complex underlying\nprocesses. One interesting example is the task of deciding\nwhether to cross a road with an approaching vehicle. This\naction decision seemingly depends on sensory information\nboth about own affordances (whether one can make it across\nbefore the vehicle) and action intention of others (whether the\nvehicle is yielding to oneself). Here, we compared three\nextensions of a standard drift diffusion model, with regards to\ntheir ability to capture timing of pedestrian crossing decisions\nin a virtual reality environment. We find that a single\nvariable-drift diffusion model (S-VDDM) in which the\nvarying drift rate is determined by visual quantities describing\nvehicle approach and deceleration, saturated at an upper and\nlower bound, can explain multimodal distributions of crossing\ntimes well across a broad range vehicle approach scenarios.\nMore complex models, which attempt to partition the final\ncrossing decision into constituent perceptual decisions,\nimprove the fit to the human data but further work is needed\nbefore firm conclusions can be drawn from this finding.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "complex decision making; road crossing;\nvariable-drift diffusion models" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95p445vm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Oscar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giles", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Leeds", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gustav", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Markkula", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Leeds", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jami", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pekkanen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Leeds", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naoki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yokota", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Keio University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naoto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Matsunaga", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Keio University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Natasha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Merat", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Leeds", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tatsuru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Daimon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Keio University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28488/galley/18359/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29191, "title": "A Two-Process Model of Semantic Development", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do children acquire semantic knowledge? In this work, we explore an old answer to this question: Semantic de-velopment is a hybrid of two distinct processes. The first process involves unsupervised learning of relations betweenobjects, providing a representation of objects that is useful for a wide range of possible goals. The second process involvesexplicitly learning to put objects and their relations into categories. Critically, this second process uses the representationsof the first process as its starting point. Here, we demonstrate this using a two-process model, where the first process is adistributional semantic model (e.g. HAL, Word2Vec, RNN), and the second process is a transformation of representationslearned during process 1 into a task-specific target space. This approach improves performance on multiple semantic tasks,compared to using the representations learned by process 1 directly. We believe this model demonstrates that a task- orgoal-oriented perspective of semantic cognition has promise for furthering our understanding of semantic development.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qj074fb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Philip", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huebner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Willits", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29191/galley/19062/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29146, "title": "Audio-Visual Integration: Point Light Gestures Influence Listeners Behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Listeners are influenced by speakers hand gestures. However, it is not clear what processes support gesture processing.We investigated listeners behavior after observing speech with videotaped gestures or with point light gesture trajectoriesin the Tower of Hanoi task. Listeners were influenced by the synchrony of the visual and auditory information but not thenature of the information both videotaped and point light gestures reliably influenced behavior. Thus, visual informationthat is not perceived as produced by the speaker nonetheless reliably influences listeners behavior, so long as informationis synchronized across modalities. Thus, observers do not appear to rely on functional or biological links between speechand hand gesture but rather on more general processes of multimodal integration. The principles underlying integrationof auditory language with visual information from hand gestures appear to different from those underlying integration ofauditory language and visual speech.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hf959sn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Susan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cook", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Iowa", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29146/galley/19017/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28859, "title": "Auditory Stimuli Disrupt Visual Detection in a Visuospatial Task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The current study used an eye tracker to examine how auditoryinput affects the latency of visual fixations and speeded responseson a Serial Response Time Task (SRTT). In Experiment 1,participants viewed a sequence of visual stimuli that appeared indifferent locations on a computer monitor and the same sequencerepeated throughout the experiment. The visual sequence waseither presented in silence or paired with uncorrelated sounds(i.e., sounds did not predict visual target location). Participantsmade more fixations and were more likely to fixate on the visualstimuli when visual sequences were presented in silence thanwhen paired with sounds. Participants in Experiment 2 werepresented with the same sequences, but they also had to determineif each visual stimulus was red or blue. The presence of auditorystimuli had no effect on accuracy (red vs. blue), however, therewas some evidence that auditory stimuli delayed the latency offirst fixations to the visual stimuli and discriminating the imagesas red or blue was also slower relative to the unimodal visualbaseline. While visual stimuli often dominate auditory processingon spatial tasks, the current findings show that auditory stimulican also slow down visual detection on a task that is better suitedfor the visual modality. These findings are consistent with apotential mechanism underlying auditory dominance effects,which posits that auditory stimuli may attenuate and/or delay theencoding of visual information.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "attention" }, { "word": "Multisensory Processing" }, { "word": "AuditoryDominance" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4078t9fs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Robinson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ohio State University at Newark", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dylan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Laughery", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ohio State University at Newark", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28859/galley/18730/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28520, "title": "A Unified Model of Fatigue in a Cognitive Architecture:Time-of-Day and Time-on-Task Effects on Task Performance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Capturing the effects of fatigue and, more generally, the effectsof physical and mental states on human performance has beena topic of research for many years. Recent models, especiallythose developed in a cognitive architecture, have shown greatpromise in capturing these effects by providing insight into thespecific cognitive and other components involved in taskperformance (like perception and motor movement). Inparticular, separate models have been developed to account forboth time-of-day and time-on-task effects related to fatigue. Inthis paper, we present a novel unified model, developed in theACT-R cognitive architecture, that captures both time-of-dayand time-on-task effects with a single set of mechanisms andparameters. We demonstrate how this unified model accountsfor quantitative and qualitative aspects of fatigued performancefrom two experiments, one focused on time-on-task effectsunder conditions of moderate fatigue, the other focusing ontime-of-day effects under conditions of severe fatigue in astudy of long-term (88-hour) sleep deprivation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Fatigue; sleep deprivation; cognitive architectures" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jn4g1z9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ehsan", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Khosroshahi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Drexel University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dario", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Salvucci", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Drexel University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Glenn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gunzelmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wright Patterson Air Force Base", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bella", "middle_name": "Z.", "last_name": "Veksler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tier1 Performance Solutions", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28520/galley/18391/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29213, "title": "Automated cognitive modeling with Bayesian active model selection", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Behavioral experiments are often feed-forward: they begin with designing the experiment, and proceed by collectingthe data, analyzing it, and drawing inferences from the results. Active learning is an alternative approach where partialexperimental data is used to iteratively design subsequent data collection. Here, we study experimental application ofBayesian Active Model Selection (BAMS), which designs trials to discriminate between a set of candidate models. Weconsider a model set defined by a generative grammar of Gaussian Process kernels that can model both simple functionsand complex compositions of them. To validate the method experimentally, we use BAMS to discover how factors suchas contrast and number affect numerosity judgements. We compare the rate of convergence of the active-learning methodto a baseline passive-learning strategy that selects trials at random. Active learning over a structured model space mayincrease the efficiency and robustness of behavioral data acquisition and modeling.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mz5v3zc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vishal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lall", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Suchow", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stevens Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gustavo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Malkomes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Washington University in St. Louis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffiths", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29213/galley/19084/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29304, "title": "Automatic Model Generation with Symbolic Deep Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Automatic model generation based on user-task interactions is of great use for behavioral predictions and understandingof cognition. Mapping which environment features cause which actions seems like a classification problem suited forDeep Learning (DL). Unfortunately, DL does not create an observable model, and is more suitable to making predictionsfrom billions of examples than from limited observations. There are, however, many tasks that lend themselves to symbolicinput, allowing an alternative approach - Symolic Deep Learning (SDL). Symbolic hierarchical representations have a longhistory in Psychological literature, though some of these were integraged as models of memory without action-selection(e.g. EPAM/CHREST), and some have run into computational limitations (e.g. configural-cue). SDL stands to benefitfrom better model integration and modern growth in computational power and algorithmic efficiency, and promises to bethe right paradigm for automatic model generation from limited user observations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xg006zg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vladislav", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veksler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "DCS Corp, U.S. Army Research Laboratory", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Norbou", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buchler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U.S. Army Research Laboratory", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29304/galley/19175/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28635, "title": "Availability-Based Production Predicts Speakers’ Real-time Choices of MandarinClassifiers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Speakers often face choices as to how to structure their in-tended message into an utterance. Here we investigate the in-fluence of contextual predictability on the encoding of linguis-tic content manifested by speaker choice in a classifier lan-guage, Mandarin Chinese. In Mandarin, modifying a nounwith a numeral obligatorily requires the use of a classifier.While different nouns are compatible with different SPECIFICclassifiers, there is a GENERAL classifier that can be used withmost nouns. When the upcoming noun is less predictable,using a more specific classifier would reduce the noun’s sur-prisal, potentially facilitating comprehension (predicted to bepreferred under Uniform Information Density, Levy & Jaeger,2007), but the specific classifier may be dispreferred from aproduction standpoint if the general classifier is more easilyavailable (predicted by Availability-Based Production; Bock,1987; Ferreira & Dell, 2000). Here we report a picture-namingexperiment confirming two distinctive predictions made byAvailability-Based Production.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Language production; speaker choice; Chineseclassifiers; noun predictability" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h77s696", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Meilin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28635/galley/18506/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29327, "title": "A Visual Remote Associates Test and its Initial Validation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a test used for measuring creativity as relying on the power of making associations,and it normally takes a linguistic form (i.e., given three words, a fourth word associated with all three is asked for). Whileother visual creativity tests exist, no creativity test to date can be given in both a visual and linguistic form. Such a testwould allow the study of differences between various modalities, in the creativity domain. In this paper, a visual version ofthe well known Remote Associates Test is constructed. This visual RAT is validated in relation to its linguistic counterpartin a study with 42 participants. A significant correlation of 0.431 (p ¡ 0.01) between visual RAT scores and comRAT-Gscores was observed.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x6237bt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Faheem", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zunjani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Freie Universitt Berlin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ana-Maria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Olteteanu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Freie Universitt Berlin", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29327/galley/19198/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29324, "title": "Bayesian Inference Causes Incoherence in Human Probability Judgments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human probability judgements appear systematically biased, in apparent tension with Bayesian models of cognition. Butperhaps the brain does not represent probabilities explicitly, but approximates probabilistic calculations through a processof sampling, as used in computational probabilistic models in statistics. The Bayesian sampling viewpoint provides asimple rational model of probability judgements, which generates biases such as conservatism. The Bayesian samplerprovides a single framework for explaining phenomena associated with diverse biases and heuristics, including availabilityand representativeness. The approach turns out to provide a rational reinterpretation of noise in an important recent modelof probability judgement, the probability theory plus noise model (Costello & Watts, 2014; 2016; 2017; Costello, Watts,& Fisher, 2018), and captures the empirical data supporting this model.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11g9c4bd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jianqiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sanborn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chater", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29324/galley/19195/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28895, "title": "Bayesian Inference of Social Normsas Shared Constraints on Behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "People act upon their desires, but often, also act in adherenceto implicit social norms. How do people infer these unstatedsocial norms from others’ behavior, especially in novel so-cial contexts? We propose that laypeople have intuitive the-ories of social norms as behavioral constraints shared acrossdifferent agents in the same social context. We formalize in-ference of norms using a Bayesian Theory of Mind approach,and show that this computational approach provides excellentpredictions of how people infer norms in two scenarios. Ourresults suggest that people separate the influence of norms andindividual desires on others’ actions, and have implications formodelling generalizations of hidden causes of behavior.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Social Norms; Social Cognition; Bayesian Theoryof Mind; Intuitive Theories" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b96191r", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zhi-Xuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "A*STAR Artificial Intelligence Initiative", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Desmond", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Ong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "A*STAR Artificial Intelligence Initiative", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28895/galley/18766/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29247, "title": "Bayesian Item Response Model with Condition-specific Parameters for Evaluatingthe Differential Effects of Perspective-taking on Emotional Sharing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It is known that perspective-taking helps humans recognize anothers emotional state on an individual basis. Here, weinvestigated how perspectives influence emotional sharing, namely the act of understanding mood, or a relationship be-tween other people in a multiparty conversation. In order to capture the effects of perspectives on sensitivity and biasin responses, we introduced condition-specific parameters in a Bayesian item response model. The model revealed thatinterlocutors are more sensitive and biased to emotional incongruency when they give ratings for a pair including them-selves than that excluding them. This relationship holds for observers who did not participate in the conversation and tookthe respective perspectives. The findings support the assimilating effects of perspective-taking through which people canperceive mood as the target does.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q880903", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Keishi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nomura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Murata", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yotsumoto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29247/galley/19118/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28919, "title": "Bayesian Pragmatics Provides the Best Quantitative Model of Context Effects on\nWord Meaning in EEG and Cloze Data", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We contrast three views of how words contribute to a listener’s\nunderstanding of a sentence and compare corresponding\nquantitative models of how the listener’s probabilistic prediction on\nsentence completion is affected in online comprehension. The\nSemantic Similarity Model presupposes that the predictor of a word\ngiven a preceding discourse is their semantic similarity. The\nRelevance Model maintains that utterances are chosen to maximize\nrelevance. The Bayesian Pragmatic Model assumes a relevance-\nguided modulation of a word’s lexical meaning that can be regarded\nas a Bayesian update of statistical regularities stored in memory. In\naddition to a Cloze test, we perform an EEG study, recording the\nevent-related potential on the predicted word and take the N400\ncomponent to be inversely correlated with the word’s predictive\nprobability. In a multiple regression analysis, we compare the three\nmodels with regard to Cloze values and N400 amplitudes. The\nBayesian Pragmatic Model best explains the data.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bayesian Pragmatics" }, { "word": "EEG" }, { "word": "N400" }, { "word": "Cloze Test" }, { "word": "Semantic\nSimilarity" }, { "word": "Relevance" }, { "word": "Generative Lexicon" }, { "word": "Probabilistic Prediction" }, { "word": "Online Comprehension" }, { "word": "modulation" }, { "word": "Predictive Completion Task" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mk6t8p9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Markus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Werning", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ruhr University Bochum", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Unterhuber", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ruhr University Bochum", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gregor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wiedemann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Hamburg", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28919/galley/18790/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28592, "title": "Bee-ing In the World: Phenomenology, Cognitive Science,and Interactivity in a Novel Insect-Tracking Task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Dotov, Nie and Chemero (2010) conducted a set of exper-iments to demonstrate how phenomenology, particularly thework of Martin Heidegger, interfaces with experimental re-search in embodied cognitive science. Specifically, they drew aparallel between Heidegger’s notion of readiness-to-hand andthe concept of an extended cognitive system (Clark 2008) bylooking for the presence or absence of interaction-dominantdynamics (Holden, van Orden, and Turvey 2009; Ihlen andVereijken 2010) in a hand/mouse system. We share Dotov,Nie and Chemero’s optimism about the potential for cross-pollination between phenomenology and cognitive science, butwe think that it can be better advanced through a shift in fo-cus. First, we argue in favor of using Maurice Merleau-Ponty’sphenomenological theory as the philosophical foundation forexperimental research in embodied cognitive science. Sec-ond, we describe an audio-visual tracking task in virtual realitythat we designed and used to empirically investigate human-environment coupling and interactivity. In addition to provid-ing further support for phenomenologically-inspired empiricalcognitive science, our research also offers a more generaliz-able scientific treatment of the interaction between humans andtheir environments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "phenomenology; embodiment; interactivity;agent-environment systems" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zp469x7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guilherme", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sanches de Oliveira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Riehm", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Colin", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Annand", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cincinnati", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28592/galley/18463/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28764, "title": "Belief dynamics extraction", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Animal behavior is not driven simply by its current observa-tions, but is strongly influenced by internal states. Estimatingthe structure of these internal states is crucial for understand-ing the neural basis of behavior. In principle, internal statescan be estimated by inverting behavior models, as in inversemodel-based Reinforcement Learning. However, this requirescareful parameterization and risks model-mismatch to the ani-mal. Here we take a data-driven approach to infer latent statesdirectly from observations of behavior, using a partially ob-servable switching semi-Markov process. This process has twoelements critical for capturing animal behavior: it captures non-exponential distribution of times between observations, andtransitions between latent states depend on the animal’s actions,features that require more complex non-markovian models torepresent. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we applyit to the observations of a simulated optimal agent performinga foraging task, and find that latent dynamics extracted by themodel has correspondences with the belief dynamics of theagent. Finally, we apply our model to identify latent states inthe behaviors of monkey performing a foraging task, and findclusters of latent states that identify periods of time consistentwith expectant waiting. This data-driven behavioral model willbe valuable for inferring latent cognitive states, and thereby formeasuring neural representations of those states.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Belief dynamics; Foraging; Partially observableswitching semi-Markov process; Animal behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pq7w2sz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Arun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Minnesota", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhengwei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Baylor College of Medicine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xaq", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pitkow", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rice University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schrater", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Minnesota", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28764/galley/18635/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28578, "title": "Benefits of active control of study in autistic children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Previous research with typically developing (TD) childrenand adults show an advantage of active control for episodicmemory as compared to conditions lacking this control. Thepresent study attempts to replicate this effect in autisticchildren. Six- to 12-year-old autistic children (n = 30) wereinstructed to remember as many of 64 presented objects aspossible. For half of the materials presented, participantscould decide the order and pacing of study (Active condition).For the other half, they passively observed the study decisionsof a previous participant (Yoked condition). We found thatrecognition memory was more accurate for objects studied inthe active as compared to the yoked condition, even after aweek-long delay. The magnitude of the effect was comparableto that obtained in previous studies with TD children andadults, suggesting a strong robustness for the benefits ofactive learning. We discuss how pedagogical approaches maybe encouraged to utilize self-directed learning strategies topromote inclusive learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "active learning; Autism Spectrum Disorder;Enactment Effect; recognition memory; pedagogy" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n71k2zc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Valentina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fantasia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rome", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Markant", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of North Carolina, Charlotte", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Costanza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Simone", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gianni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Valeri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bambino Gesù - Piazza di Sant'Onofrio", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Azzurra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ruggeri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28578/galley/18449/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29082, "title": "Be timely: when gaps are more than symptoms", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recently, turn-taking gaps, or unfilled pauses, have been viewed as a symptom or by-product of predictive planningmechanisms in speech production (Levinson & Torreria, 2015). Other works has shown that gaps can take signalingfunctions and that this is governed by politeness (Bgels, Kendrick, & Levinson, 2015). Two mouse-tracking experimentsexamined when gaps are interpreted as a symptom of processing or as a signal. This was tested by examining how gapsare interpreted in tandem to scalar implicatures (Bonneferon, Dahl, & Holtgraves, 2015). Experiment 1 found that longergaps slightly reduce implicature rates at longer gaps and these longer gaps do not lead to faster implicature responses.Experiment 2 found that filled and unfilled pauses (gaps) both signal hesitation, though filled pauses signaled hesitation atshort gaps. Overall, these experiments show that gaps lengths can have signaling functions beyond politeness and questionbias.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sb1892w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tomlinson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29082/galley/18953/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29162, "title": "Beyond divergent thinking: Measuring creative process and achievement in youngchildren", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Creativity is an elusive construct that is difficult to measure in children, and divergent thinking tasks have been overusedand may be unreliable as measures of creativity (Baer, 2011). This study examines creative process and achievement inchildren using a problem-solving task (Daehler & Chen, 1993). Children (N=98) ages 4 to 6 tried removing a ball from ajar using common objects. Success with retrieving the ball was a measure of creative achievement. Creative process wasassessed by coding creative behaviors such as object exploration, combinations, manipulation, and ball retrieval attempts.Results suggest differences in creative behaviors between successful and unsuccessful children. Successful participantscreated more unique object combinations (p=0.02), spent more time manipulating (p=0.05), and spent less time attemptingto retrieve the ball (p=0.02) than unsuccessful children. Results suggest that this task moves beyond divergent thinkingassessments by measuring both creative process and achievement in children.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98t5277z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Natalie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Evans", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29162/galley/19033/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28426, "title": "Beyond number: Towards a unified view of dimensional reasoningin perception, cognition, and language", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "quantitative scales; analog magnitude systems;transitive inference; ordinality; comparative reasoning; animalbehavior; conceptual development; language; psychophysics;" } ], "section": "Symposia", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c08c0dz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Stella", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lourenco", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aulet", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Papafragou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cantlon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pooja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paul", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28426/galley/18297/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28410, "title": "Beyond the Ivory Tower: Non-Academic Career Paths for Cognitive Scientists", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "professional development; non-academic; careers;\nindustry; non-profit; government" } ], "section": "Workshops", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qd7k6qg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vanessa", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Simmering", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ACT, Inc.", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carissa", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Shafto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brightfield Strategies", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28410/galley/18281/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28872, "title": "Big, hot, or bright? Integrating cues to perceive home energy use", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Despite constantly using energy and having extensive interactions\nwith household appliances, people consistently mis-estimate the\namount of energy that is used by home appliances. This poses\nmajor problems for conservation efforts, while also presenting an\ninteresting case study in human perception. Since many forms of\nenergy used are not directly perceptible, and since the amount of\nenergy that is being used by an appliance is often difficult to infer\nfrom appearances alone, people often rely on cues. Some of these\ncues are more reliable than others and previous literature has\ninvestigated which of these cues people rely on. However, past\nliterature has always studied these proximal cues in isolation—\ndespite the fact that, during real-world perception, people are\nalways integrating a variety of cues. Here, we investigate how\npeople rely on a variety of cues, and how individual differences\nin the reliance on those cues predicts the ability to estimate home\nenergy use.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "energy; perception; estimation; home appliances;\nmulti-dimensional scaling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83z4w09n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Eleanor", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Schille-Hudson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tyler", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Margehtis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Deidra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miniard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Landy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shahzeen", "middle_name": "Z", "last_name": "Attari", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28872/galley/18743/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28940, "title": "Big, Little, or Both? Exploring the Impact of Granularity on Learning forStudents with Different Incoming Competence", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We explored the impact of three types of decision granularity,problem level (Prob), step level (Step), and both problem andstep levels (Both), on student learning. We first conducted anempirical study to directly compare the three conditions andthen three subsequent studies to evaluate one or two of thethree conditions. Overall our empirical results showed therewas no significant difference among the three conditions. Wefurther split students into different groups based on their per-formances on the single-principle and the multiple-principleproblems in the pre-test. Solving the single-principle problemsonly involves one step while solving the multiple-principleones involves generating multiple steps in a logic order. Wedefine High students as those who were correct on all single-principle problems and at least one multiple-principle ones inthe pre-test, Low students as those who were correct on someor all single-principle problems but no multiple-principle ones,and the rest are in the Medium group. Our empirical resultsshowed that for Low students, Both can be better than Step.For the Medium and High students, no clear conclusions couldbe drawn because of small sample sizes. As a result, in apost-hoc analysis all students were combined by their assignedconditions. Overall, while no significant difference was foundamong the three conditions, we found that the impact of threetypes of granularity, Prob, Step, and Both differs significantlyfor High vs. Low students: Both, Step > Prob for the Highstudents and Both, Prob > Step for the Low students. No clearconclusions could be drawn for the Medium group due to itssmall sample sizes. In short, while Prob could be effective forLow students but ineffective for High ones and Step could beeffective for High students but ineffective for Low ones, Bothseemed to be effective for both High and Low students.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "granularity" }, { "word": "worked example" }, { "word": "problem solving" }, { "word": "student competence" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59c86503", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guojing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "North Carolina State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "North Carolina State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Min", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "North Carolina State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28940/galley/18811/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28730, "title": "Book Design, Attention, and Reading Performance: Current Practices andOpportunities for Optimization", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Becoming a proficient reader is a critical skill that supportsfuture learning. Toward the end of the primary grades,reading becomes increasingly automatized, and children beginto transition from learning-to-read to reading-to-learn. Yet,the design of beginning reader books may be suboptimal fornovice readers. Colorful illustrations that contain irrelevantinformation (i.e., seductive details) presented in closeproximity to the text may increase attentional competitionbetween these sources of information; thus, hamperingdecoding and reading comprehension. Study 1 examines thishypothesis by experimentally manipulating components of thebook design (e.g., presence/absence of seductive details) andinvestigating its effect on attention and reading performancein first grade students. In Study 2, we conduct an analysis inwhich we identify common design features in books forbeginning readers and examine the prevalence of designfeatures that were found to tax attention in Study 1 and inprior research. Collectively this work identifies an importantopportunity in which instructional materials can be optimizedto better support children as they learn-to-read.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "attention; selective sustained attention; readingcomprehension" }, { "word": "decoding" }, { "word": "Reading" }, { "word": "Book design" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nn6c7np", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Karrie", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Godwin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kent State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cassondra", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Eng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Grace", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Murray", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kent State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "V.", "last_name": "Fisher", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28730/galley/18601/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28911, "title": "Both thematic role and next-mention biases affect pronoun use in Dutch", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "An important question is whether speakers consider listeners’expectations when choosing whether to use a pronoun. It hasbeen suggested that certain thematic roles are more expectedto be mentioned again, and are therefore more likely to bepronominalized. In the present study, we aim to disentanglepredictability effects on pronoun use from thematic-role ef-fects. To this end, we conducted two web-based continuationexperiments in Dutch, in which the next-mention biases asso-ciated with Source-Goal and Agent-Patient verbs were ma-nipulated to create a shift in the bias. Experiment 1 confirmedthat the manipulations changed the biases. Experiment 2showed that while thematic role mainly influenced demon-strative and full pronoun use for non-subjects, next-mentionbiases played a role in the choice between reduced and fullpronouns and between pronouns and full NPs, irrespective ofthematic role or grammatical function. Thus, thematic roleand predictability seem to affect pronoun use in differentways.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Dutch; next-mention biases; predictability; pro-nouns; referring expressions; thematic role" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n16608b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jorrig", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vogels", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28911/galley/18782/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28986, "title": "Boundaries of Creativity: Thick or Thin Organization?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Semantic organization of knowledge has a long history in theories of creativity. Flexibility of thinking and distant connec-tions are indispensable elements of a creative network. Simultaneously, convergence of thoughts and evaluation of ideas areessential at many stages of the creative process. The current study evaluates these complementary aspects through the lensof an exploratory concept known as mental boundaries. Correlation analyses are used to compare flexible and rigid ten-dencies of organizing the world, the concepts of intellect, schizotypy, perfectionism, divergent thinking and self-perceivedcreativity. Results (n = 316) reveal an interesting contrasting pattern where divergent thinking is significantly related toflexible internal and external organizations, whereas self-perceived creativity is significantly related to rigid external andnon-significantly related to rigid internal organizations. The present findings have implications for the measurement ofcreativity and the identification of factors that facilitate the creative process.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/819715qt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jean-Christophe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goulet-Pelletier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Ottawa", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Denis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cousineau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Ottawa", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28986/galley/18857/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29195, "title": "Boundedness in event and object cognition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The semantic property of boundedness characterizes the presence of well-defined spatio-temporal boundaries for eventsor objects in language (Bach, 1986; Frawly, 1992; Jackendoff, 1991). Little research has tested whether this propertyactually characterizes event and object cognition (but see Wellwood, Hespos, & Rips, 2018). We showed participantsvideos of bounded events where a salient change in state of the affected object(s) occurred (e.g., dressing a teddy bear)and unbounded events that lacked a salient change (e.g., waving a handkerchief). Participants decided whether a videomatched with a picture of a single novel object or a picture of a novel substance (object/substance pictures were adoptedfrom Li, Dunham, & Carey, (2009)). Participants tended to pair a bounded event with an object and an unbounded eventwith a substance, and were in fact better at establishing the former connection. We conclude that boundedness underliesthe cognitive representation of both events and objects.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z2229wp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yue", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ji", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Papafragou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29195/galley/19066/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29218, "title": "Brain responses to verbal mismatches and case marking mismatches: adolescentsvs. Adults", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigated Korean adolescents behavioral and neural responses to the semantic and syntactic anomalies inKorean compared with adults, focusing on the case marking mismatches. EEG data were collected from 16 Korean ado-lescents (12 males, aged 12-14 years) using a picture sentence verification task regarding (A) verbal mismatch [AGENT-NOM + Verb/*Verb] (e.g., - /*; Brother-ka catches/*bites) and (B) case marker mismatch [AGENT-NOM/*ACC + Verb](e.g., -/*- ; Brother-ka/*-lul catches). The behavioral results showed 95% accuracy of their judgment regardless of condi-tions.The ERP data revealed differences between the conditions: N400 was elicited for verbal mismatches as well as forcase marker mismatches. The results are different from data collected from Korean adults, where the syntactic anomalieselicited early negativity at the case marker in addition to the N400 at the verb. The different ERP responses between adultsand adolescents to the syntactic anomalies provide evidence for the continuous development of human brains.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q06126f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sun-Young", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jinhee", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jeong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hankuk University of Foreign Studies", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eun", "middle_name": "Kyoung", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ha-A-Yan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sogang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sook", "middle_name": "Whan", "last_name": "Cho", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sogang University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29218/galley/19089/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29036, "title": "Bringing Order to the Cognitive Fallacy Zoo", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Investigations into human decision-making have led to the discovery of numerous cognitive biases and fallacies, with newones continually emerging, leading to a state of affairs which can fairly be characterized as the cognitive fallacy zoo! In thiswork, we formally present a principled way to bring order to this zoo. We introduce the idea of establishing implicationrelationships (IRs) between cognitive fallacies, formally characterizing how one fallacy implies another. IR is analogousto, and partly inspired by, the concept of reduction in computational complexity theory. We present several examples of IRsinvolving experimentally well-documented fallacies: base-rate neglect, availability bias, conjunction fallacy, decoy effect,framing effect, and Allais paradox. We conclude by discussing how our work: (i) allows for identifying those pivotalcognitive fallacies whose investigation would be the most rewarding research agenda, and (ii) permits a systematized,guided research program on cognitive fallacies, motivating influential theoretical as well as experimental avenues of futureresearch.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bx848cj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ardavan", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Nobandegani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Campoli", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shultz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McGill University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29036/galley/18907/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28697, "title": "Building blocks of computational thinking:Young children’s developing capacities for problem decomposition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Computational thinking (CT) refers to a range of problem-solving skills applicable to computer science and everyday life.Although recent research in developmental cognitive sciencesuggests mental capacities relevant to CT may emerge quiteearly in life, research on CT, and computer science educa-tion more generally, has made little contact with this litera-ture. As a way to better bridge these fields, we explore thedevelopment of problem decomposition, a critical feature ofCT, in the spatial domain. We ask whether young childrencan break a complex spatial problem down into subcompo-nents that can be reassembled to solve the overarching prob-lem. Across two experiments (Exp.1: 4- to 7-year-olds; Exp.2:3- to 5-year-olds) that involve constructing block structures,we demonstrate that some of the key capacities underlyingproblem decomposition begin to emerge in preschool years anddevelop throughout early childhood. Although preschool-agedchildren struggle to solve an open-ended decomposition prob-lem that requires generation and execution of decompositionplans, even 4-year-olds can successfully evaluate the viabilityof these plans. These results suggest that experimental meth-ods in developmental cognitive science can inform CS edu-cation research that focuses on promoting CT; by identifyingwhen and how CT concepts emerge in early childhood, we canbetter create age-appropriate educational tools.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "computational thinking; problem decomposition;problem solving; cognitive development; intuitive physics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tt891kg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Griffin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dietz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Landay", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hyowon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gweon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28697/galley/18568/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 28452, "title": "Building Individual Semantic Networks and Exploring their Relationships withCreativity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The associative theory of creativity suggests that creativeabilities rely on the organization of semantic associations inmemory. Recent research has demonstrated that semanticnetwork methods allow testing this hypothesis. The aim of thecurrent study was to investigate the properties of semanticnetworks at the individual level, in relation to creative abilities.Semantic judgement ratings were used to estimate individualsemantic networks, whose topological properties measured byseveral graph metrics were correlated with individual creativityscores. We found a correlation between the theoretical semanticdistance of our stimuli and the relatedness ratings given by theparticipants, demonstrating the validity of our approach.Importantly, we found a close relationship between creativeabilities assessed by an achievement questionnaire and divergentthinking tasks and individual semantic network metrics,replicating and extending previous similar findings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "creativity; semantic networks; network science;associative thinking" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90z4k8b0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Matthieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bernard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut du Cerveau", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yoed", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Kenett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ovando-Tellez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut du Cerveau", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mathias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Benedek", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Graz", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emmanuelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Volle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut du Cerveau", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/28452/galley/18323/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29071, "title": "Can a forward posture enhance willingness to change ones own attitude in decisionmaking? Nudging with embodied cognition approach", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recently, nudging approaches wherein peoples decisions are altered in a predictable direction have attracted attention.Conversely, many embodied cognition approaches that relate peoples mind with their body have been studied in cognitivescience. Based on these approaches, we investigated whether a forward posture (defined by leaning forward in a chair)generated by the environment can enhance a particular decision. We also evaluated the types of decisions that are likelyto be enhanced by the forward posture. Behavioral experiments via a forward or normal chair where the seat allows littleor no lean revealed that a forward posture can affect the decision making, particularly participants willingness to changetheir own attitude. We discuss the possible applications of leading predictable decisions from the environment and settingthe decision environment in the real world.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nx1s9zp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Masaru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shirasuna", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hidehito", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Honda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yasuda Womens University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kazuhiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ueda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29071/galley/18942/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29174, "title": "Can children develop novel tools to solve problems via analogical generalization?Kind of!", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent research has examined whether children can modify tools to solve novel problems. For example, when childrenare given a pipe cleaner with the goal to retrieve a little bucket at the bottom of a tube, will they realize that bending thepipe cleaner into a hook will solve the problem? Children younger than 7 almost all fail at this task, and children under10 are far from ceiling. Because problem solving is often helped via generalization from analogous problems, the currentstudy examined whether children in this task could take advantage of being read a story (with pictures) about fishing,emphasising the importance of hooks. Interesting we found an interaction wherein preschool children were helped bythe analogy, while school-aged children were not, who also solved the task at much higher rates overall (but still belowceiling).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Member Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s7h4p0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Micah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldwater", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Sydney", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29174/galley/19045/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 29099, "title": "Can Paradigmatic Relations be Learned Implicitly?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A wealth of statistical learning research has provided evidence that regularities in which items co-occur (referred to hereas syntagmatic) can be learned implicitly. However, it is not known whether higher-order relations can also be learnedimplicitly. Here we present two experiments that investigate whether regularities, where items do not co-occur but insteadshare co-occurrence with each other (referred to here as paradigmatic), can be learned implicitly. In Experiment 1, weused a traditional auditory statistical learning paradigm where participants passively listened to an auditory stream con-taining syntagmatic and paradigmatic regularities and found evidence only of syntagmatic learning. In Experiment 2, weinstructed participants to attend to items during the training session and found evidence of learning paradigmatic relationsin participants who demonstrated high-level of syntagmatic learning. The results are discussed in terms of the limits ofimplicit learning and the role of attentional mechanisms in learning higher-order statistical regularities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Poster Presentations with Abstracts", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tg3s3fc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hyungwook", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Melbourne", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Olivera", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Savic", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Layla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Unger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Vladimir", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sloutsky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dennis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Melbourne", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2019-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/29099/galley/18970/download/" } ] } ] }