Article List
API Endpoint for journals.
GET /api/articles/?format=api&offset=25700
{ "count": 39542, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=25800", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=25600", "results": [ { "pk": 42627, "title": "Going to Ground(s): The War Correspondent’s Memoir", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This essay considers two memoirs by leading American war correspondents: Stephen Crane’s memoir of the Spanish-American War, “War Memories” (1899), and Dexter Filkins’s account of the US occupation of Iraq, \nThe Forever War\n (2003). But it also considers the archive of news dispatches behind both books: the news reports that come to “ground” and authorize the memoir in the first place. By “going to ground,” in addition, this essay examines both the interpretive and discursive networks that often migrate from news writing to retrospective chronicle, and the particular situation of returning to the home front that reframes those accounts. Thanks to the work of William Appleman Williams, Amy Kaplan, Elizabeth Samet, Robert Westbrook, and others, we’ve often tried to think about the reciprocity of the imperial and domestic fronts—to recognize, for instance, that reports of war often work in concert with home front ideas about national sovereignty, “foreign influence,” or citizens’ political obligation and socialization. This essay explores what it is about domestic fronts that contains and often silences the news the correspondent brings home. Moreover, it considers how war correspondents’ memoirs reconfigure these home fronts in transnational and intranational terms.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "War Correspondence" }, { "word": "Journalism" }, { "word": "Spanish-American War" }, { "word": "Iraq War" }, { "word": "Crane, Stephen" }, { "word": "Filkins, Dexter" }, { "word": "History" }, { "word": "Cultural Studies" }, { "word": "Literature" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/102112tc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-01-13T21:58:33Z", "date_accepted": "2013-01-13T21:58:33Z", "date_published": "2014-06-05T23:22:32Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/42627/galley/31826/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 42680, "title": "Bilingual Humor, Authentic Aunties, and the Transnational Vernacular at Gezi Park", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Mass-mediated American culture and the English language became raw materials for vernacular protest humor alongside images of headscarf-wearing middle-aged “aunties” during antigovernment protests in Turkey in the summer of 2013. Focusing on posts shared on Facebook and Twitter by Turkish protestors and their supporters in the first two months of the protests, this article studies the complex linguistic and visual humor that developed around Gezi Park and relates it to the identity politics mobilized during the resistance. Exploring how the protestors projected themselves as both cosmopolitan (through the use of American mass culture and the English language) and locally rooted (through the use of auntie humor), the essay delineates how “America” can function in local Middle Eastern politics even in the absence of actual US intervention on the ground. Humor at Gezi demonstrates how closely analyzing transculturated vernacular communication can help us modify Western-derived academic theories about culture and power, making the case for incorporating the study of folklore into transnational American Studies.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "political humor" }, { "word": "folklore" }, { "word": "transculturation" }, { "word": "English language" }, { "word": "U.S. in the Middle East" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2md6f6fr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Perin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gurel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-10-07T16:56:49Z", "date_accepted": "2013-10-07T16:56:49Z", "date_published": "2014-06-03T18:34:13Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/jtas/article/42680/galley/31856/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8272, "title": "Social Media, Public Scholarship, and Injury Prevention", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "N/A", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "injury, violence, social media" } ], "section": "Editorials (Limit 2000 words) (Invitation Only)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zg256j4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Debra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Houry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Monica", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Swahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Abigail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hankin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta,\nGeorgia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-30T14:10:21Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-30T14:10:21Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:58:09Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8272/galley/4736/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8100, "title": "Mitigating Concerns and Maximizing Returns: Social Media Strategies for Injury Prevention Non-profits", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Injury prevention programs can use social media to disseminate information and recruit participants.Non-profit organizations have also used social media for fundraising and donor relationshipmanagement. Non-profit organizations (NPOs) with injury prevention missions often serve vulnerablepopulations. Social media platforms have varied levels of access and control of shared content. Thisvariability can present privacy and outreach challenges that are of particular concern for injuryprevention NPOs. This case report of social media workshops for injury prevention NPOs presentsconcerns and strategies for successfully implementing social media campaigns. [West J Emerg Med.2014;15(5):582–586.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "social media, health non-profits, NPOs, injury prevention" } ], "section": "Case Report (Limit 1750 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kk595p2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tressie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McMillan-Cottom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University, Department of Sociology, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-17T19:57:05Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-17T19:57:05Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:58:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8100/galley/4673/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8123, "title": "Can Social Networking Be Used to Promote Engagement in Child Maltreatment Prevention Programs? Two Pilot Studies", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction:\n Child maltreatment is one of the United States’ most significant public health problems.In efforts to prevent maltreatment experts recommend use of Behavioral Parent Training Programs(BPTs), which focus on teaching skills that will replace and prevent maltreating behavior. While there isresearch to support the effectiveness of BPTs in maltreatment prevention, the reach of such programsis still limited by several barriers, including poor retention of families in services. Recently, newtechnologies have emerged that offer innovative opportunities to improve family engagement. Thesetechnologies include smartphones and social networking; however, very little is known about thepotential of these to aid in maltreatment prevention. The primary goal of this study was to conduct 2pilot exploratory projects.\nMethods: \nThe first project administered a survey to parents and providers to gather data about at-riskparents’ use of smartphones and online social networking technologies. The second project tested asocial networking-enhanced brief parenting program with 3 intervention participants and evaluatedparental responses.\nResults: \nSeventy-five percent of parents surveyed reported owning a computer that worked. Eightyninepercent of parents reported that they had reliable Internet access at home, and 67% said theyused the Internet daily. Three parents participated in the intervention with all reporting improvement inparent-child interaction skills and a positive experience participating in the social networking-enhancedSafeCare components.\nConclusion:\n In general, findings suggest that smartphones, social networking, and Facebook, inparticular, are now being used by individuals who show risk factors formaltreatment. Further, themajorityof parents surveyed in this study said that they like Facebook, and all parents surveyed said that they useFacebook and have a Facebook account. As well, all saw it as a potentially beneficial supplement forfuture parents enrolling in parenting programs. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(5):575–581.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "maltreatment, parenting, technology, social networking" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97s4z7fk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Edwards-Gaura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whitaker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shannon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Self-Brown", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-29T18:54:37Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-29T18:54:37Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:57:26Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8123/galley/4682/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8098, "title": "Use of Social Media During Public Emergencies by People with Disabilities", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nPeople with disabilities are generally more vulnerable during disasters and publicemergencies than the general population. Physical, sensory and cognitive impairments may result ingreater difficulty in receiving and understanding emergency alert information, and greater difficulty intaking appropriate action. The use of social media in the United States has grown considerably inrecent years. This has generated increasing interest on the part of national, state and localjurisdictions in leveraging these channels to communicate public health and safety information. Howand to what extent people with disabilities use social and other communications media during publicemergencies can help public safety organizations understand the communication needs of thecitizens in their jurisdictions, and plan their social media and other communications strategiesaccordingly.\nMethods: \nThis article presents data from a survey on the use of social media and othercommunications media during public emergencies by people with disabilities conducted fromNovember 1, 2012 through March 30, 2013.\nResults: \nThe data presented here show four key results. First, levels of use of social media ingeneral are high for people with disabilities, as well as for the general population. Second, use ofsocial media during emergencies is still low for both groups. Third, levels of use of social media arenot associated with income levels, but are significantly and strongly associated with age: youngerpeople use social media at higher rates than older people in both groups (p,0.001). Fourth,differences in the use of social media during emergencies across disability types are slight, with theexception of deaf and hard-of-hearing respondents, the former more likely to have used social mediato receive (p¼0.002), verify (p¼0.092) and share (p¼0.007) emergency information.\nConclusion: \nThese last two results suggest that effective emergency communications strategiesneed to rely on multiple media types and channels to reach the entire community. [West J EmergMed. 2014;15(5):567–574.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "social media disability technology emergencies disaster" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40k94374", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Morris", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Mueller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-17T16:55:36Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-17T16:55:36Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:57:15Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8098/galley/4671/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8125, "title": "Marginal Cost Analysis of Two Train-the-Trainer Models for Implementing SafeCare", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "n/a", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cost-analysis" }, { "word": "evidence-based practices" }, { "word": "Marginal cost" }, { "word": "SafeCare" }, { "word": "Child maltreatment" } ], "section": "Brief Research Report (Limit 1500 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b09b8cm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Phaedra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Corso", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Nathaniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taylor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bennett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Justin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ingels", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shannon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Self-Brown", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whitaker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-30T21:02:49Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-30T21:02:49Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:56:51Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8125/galley/4683/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8112, "title": "Effects of a Web-based Educational Module on Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Youth Violence", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction\n: Youth seen in the emergency department (ED) with injuries from youth violence (YV) have increased risk for future violent injury and death. Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians rarely receive training in, or perform, YV screening and intervention. Our objective was to examine effects of a Web-based educational module on PEM physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding YV screening and interventions in the ED.\n \nMethods\n: All PEM fellows and attendings at an urban Level I pediatric trauma center were invited to complete an interactive Web-based education module (and 1-month booster) with information on YV’s public health impact and how to screen, counsel and refer YV-involved patients. Consenting subjects completed electronic assessments of YV prevention knowledge and attitudes (using validated measures when possible) before and after the initial module and after the booster. To measure behavior change, chart review identified use of YV-specific discharge instructions in visits by YV-injured PEM patients (age 12-17; identified by E codes) 6 months before and after the intervention. Survey data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact for binary outcomes and Kruskal-Wallis for Likert responses. Proportion of patients given YV discharge instructions before and after the intervention was compared using chi-square.\n \nResults\n: 18 (67%) of 27 PEM physicians participated; 1 was lost at post-module assessment and 5 at 1 month. Module completion time ranged from 15-30 minutes. At baseline, 50% of subjects could identify victims’ re-injury rate; 28% were aware of ED YV discharge instructions. After the initial module and at 1 month, there were significant increases in knowledge (p<0.001) and level of confidence speaking with patients about avoiding YV (p=0.01,df=2). Almost all (94%) said the module would change future management. In pre-intervention visits, 1.6% of patients with YV injuries were discharged with YV instructions, versus 15.7% in the post-intervention period (p=0.006, 95%CI for difference 3.6% - 24.5%).\n \nConclusions\n: A brief Web-based module influenced PEM physicians’ knowledge and attitudes about YV prevention and may have affected behavior changes related to caring for YV victims in the ED. Further research should investigate Web-based educational strategies to improve care of YV victims in a larger population of PEM physicians.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "youth violence, injury prevention, theory of planned behavior" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ns530mm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tracy", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Madsen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Division of Women’s Health in Emergency Care\nThe Alpert Medical School of Brown University \nDepartment of Emergency Medicine\nRhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Alison", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Riese", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Injury Prevention Center\nThe Alpert Medical School of Brown University\t\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine\nRhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Esther", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Choo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Injury Prevention Center/\nDivision of Women's Health in Emergency Care\nThe Alpert Medical School of Brown University\t\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine\nRhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Megan", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Ranney", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Injury Prevention Center\nThe Alpert Medical School of Brown University\t\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine\nRhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-24T18:53:32Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-24T18:53:32Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:56:37Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8112/galley/4680/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8099, "title": "Screening for violence risk factors identifies young adults at risk for return emergency department visit for injury", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction\n: Homicide is the second leading cause of death among youth aged 15–24. Prior crosssectionalstudies, in non-healthcare settings, have reported exposure to community violence, peerbehavior, and delinquency as risk factors for violent injury. However, longitudinal cohort studies havenot been performed to evaluate the temporal or predictive relationship between these risk factors andemergency department (ED) visits for injuries among at-risk youth. The objective was to assesswhether self-reported exposure to violence risk factors in young adults can be used to predict future ED visits for injuries over a 1-year period.\nMethods\n: This prospective cohort study was performed in the ED of a Southeastern US Level I traumacenter. Eligible participants were patients aged 18–24, presenting for any chief complaint. We excludedpatients if they were critically ill, incarcerated, or could not read English. Initial recruitment occurredover a 6-month period, by a research assistant in the ED for 3–5 days per week, with shifts scheduledsuch that they included weekends and weekdays, over the hours from 8AM-8PM. At the time of initialcontact in the ED, patients were asked to complete a written questionnaire, consisting of previouslyvalidated instruments measuring the following risk factors: a) aggression, b) perceived likelihood ofviolence, c) recent violent behavior, d) peer behavior, e) community exposure to violence, and f)positive future outlook. At 12 months following the initial ED visit, the participants’ medical records werereviewed to identify any subsequent ED visits for injury-related complaints. We analyzed data with chisquareand logistic regression analyses.\nResults\n: Three hundred thirty-two patients were approached, of whom 300 patients consented.Participants’ average age was 21.1 years, with 60.1% female, 86.0% African American. Aftercontrolling for participant gender, ethnicity, or injury complaint at time of first visit, return visits forinjuries were significantly associated with: hostile/aggressive feelings (Odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95%Confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 9.8), self-reported perceived likelihood of violence (OR 10.1, 95% CI: 2.5,40.6), and peer group violence (OR 6.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 22.3).\nConclusion\n: A brief survey of risk factors for violence is predictive of increased probability of a returnvisit to the ED for injury. These findings identify a potentially important tool for primary prevention ofviolent injuries among at-risk youth seen in the ED for trauma-related and non-traumatic complaints.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Injury" }, { "word": "Violence" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b40z16b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Abigail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hankin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Stanley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wei", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mercy Care Services", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Juron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Foreman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University Department of Emergency Medicine", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Debra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Houry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-17T19:39:22Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-17T19:39:22Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:56:21Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8099/galley/4672/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8128, "title": "Impact of Gender on Patient Preferences for Technology-Based Behavioral Interventions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nTechnology-based interventions offer an opportunity to address high-risk behaviors inthe emergency department (ED). Prior studies suggest behavioral health strategies are more effectivewhen gender differences are considered. However, the role of gender in ED patient preferences fortechnology-based interventions has not been examined. The objective was to assess whether patientpreferences for technology-based interventions varies by gender.\nMethods: \nThis was a secondary analysis of data from a systematic survey of adult (18 years of age),English-speaking patients in a large urban academic ED. Subjects were randomly selected during apurposive sample of shifts. The iPad survey included questions on access to technology, preferencesfor receiving health information, and demographics. We defined ‘‘technology-based’’ as web, textmessage, e-mail, social networking, or DVD; ‘‘non-technology-based’’ was defined as in-person,written materials, or landline. We calculated descriptive statistics and used univariate tests to comparemen and women. Gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were used to examineassociations between other demographic factors (age, race, ethnicity, income) and technology-basedpreferences for information on specific risky behaviors.\nResults:\n Of 417 participants, 45.1% were male. There were no significant demographic differencesbetween men and women. Women were more likely to use computers (90.8% versus 81.9%; p¼0.03),Internet (66.8% versus 59.0%; p¼0.03), and social networks (53.3% versus 42.6%; p¼0.01). 89% ofmen and 90% of women preferred technology-based formats for at least type of health information;interest in technology-based for individual health topics did not vary by gender. Concern aboutconfidentiality was the most common barrier to technology-based use for both genders. Multivariateanalysis showed that for smoking, depression, drug/alcohol use, and injury prevention, gendermodified the relationship between other demographic factors and preference for technology-basedhealth information; e.g., older age decreases interest in technology-based information for smokingcessation in women but not in men (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99 versus aOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.03).\nConclusion:\n Our findings suggest ED patients’ gender may affect technology preferences. Receptivityto technology-based interventions may be a complex interaction between gender and otherdemographic factors. Considering gender may help target ED patient populations most likely to bereceptive to technology-based interventions. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(5):593–599.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Gender Differences, Behavioral Health, Technology Based Interventions, Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43z5n12b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Kim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Providence, Rhode Island", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Esther", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Choo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Providence, Rhode Island", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Megan", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Ranney", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Providence, Rhode Island", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-03T03:33:09Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-03T03:33:09Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:56:10Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8128/galley/4684/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8097, "title": "Texting While Driving: Does the New Law Work Among Healthcare Providers?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Objectives: \nThis study assessed whether Georgia Senate Bill 360, a statewide law passed in August, 2010, that prohibits text messaging while driving, resulted in a decrease in this behavior among emergency medicine (EM) and general surgery (GS) healthcare providers.\n \n \n \nMethods: \nSurveyMonkey was used to create a web-based survey containing up to 28 multiple choice and free-text questions about driving behaviors. EM and GS healthcare providers at a southeastern medical school and its affiliate county hospital received an email inviting them to complete this survey in February, 2011. All analyses were conducted in SPSS (version 19.0, Chicago, IL, 2010), using chi-squared tests and logistic regression models. The primary outcome of interest was a change in participant texting or emailing while driving after passage of the texting ban in Georgia.\n \nResults: \nTwo hundred and twenty-six providers completed the entire survey (response rate 46.8%). Participants ranged in age from 23 to 71 years, with an average age of 38 (SD=10.2; median=35).\n \nOnly three-quarters of providers (n=173, 76.6%) were aware of a texting ban in the state. Out of these, 60 providers (36.6%) reported never or rarely sending texts while driving (0 to 2 times per year), and 30 engaged in this behavior almost daily (18.9%). Almost two-thirds of this group reported no change in texting while driving following passage of the texting ban (n=110, 68%), while 53 respondents texted less (31.8%).\n \nRespondents younger than 40 were more than twice as likely to report no change in texting post-ban compared to older participants (OR=2.31, p=0.014). Providers who had been pulled over for speeding in the previous five years were about 2.5 times as likely to not change their texting while driving behavior following legislation passage compared to those without a history of police stops for speeding (OR=2.55, p=0.011). Each additional ticket received in the past 5 years for a moving violation lessened the odds of reporting a decrease in texting by 45%. (OR=0.553, p=0.007).\n \n \n \nConclusion: \nEM and GS providers, particularly those who are younger, have received more tickets for moving violations, and with a history of police stops for speeding, exhibit limited compliance with distracted driving laws, despite first-hand exposure to the motor vehicle crashes caused by distracted driving.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "distracted driving, injury control" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7739j1fb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anitha", "middle_name": "Elizabeth", "last_name": "Mathew", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Debra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Houry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Dente", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Salomone", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Maricopa Medical Center", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-17T14:41:02Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-17T14:41:02Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:55:37Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8097/galley/4670/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8084, "title": "Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates of Mobile Phone Ownership and Usage among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nThe use of mobile phones and other technology for improving health through research and practice is growing quickly, in particular in areas with difficult to reach population or where the research infrastructure is less developed. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there appears to be a dramatic increase in mobile phone ownership and new initiatives that capitalize on this technology to support health promotion campaigns to change behavior and to increase health literacy. However, the extent to which difficult to reach youth in the slums of Kampala may own and use mobile phones has not been reported despite the burden of injuries, substance use, and HIV that they face. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and correlates of mobile phone ownership and use in this high-risk population. \n \n \nMethods: \nThis study of youth was conducted in May and June of 2011 to quantify and describe high-risk behaviors and exposures in a convenience sample of urban youth (N=457) living on the streets or in the slums, 14-24 years of age, who were participating in a Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in center for disadvantaged street youth. Chi-square analyses were computed to determine associations between mobile phone ownership and usage and demographic and psychosocial correlates.\n \nResults: \nOverall, 46.9% of youth reported owning a mobile phone and ownership did not vary by sex, but was more common among youth older than 18 years of age. Mobile phone ownership was also more common among those who reported taking care of themselves at night, who reported current drug use and who reported trading sex for money, food or other things.\n \n \n \nConclusion: \nThe findings indicate that research using mobile phones may be both feasible and desirable with hard to reach population living in the slums and who use drugs or who are engaged in commercial sex. Moreover, this technology may also be suitable for injury specific research given that there were few differences with respect to injury-related variables in mobile phone ownership and usage.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Youth, mobile phone, mhealth, disparity, prevention" } ], "section": "Brief Research Report (Limit 1500 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tw1f37b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Monica", "middle_name": "H", "last_name": "Swahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Braunstein", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Rogers", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kasirye", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Uganda Youth Development Link", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-05T17:26:25Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-05T17:26:25Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:55:26Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8084/galley/4666/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8071, "title": "‘‘The Internet is a Mask’’: High School Students’ Suggestions for Preventing Cyberbullying", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nInteractions through technology have an important impact on today’s youth. While someof these interactions are positive, there are concerns regarding students engaging in negativeinteractions like cyberbullying behaviors and the negative impact these behaviors have on others. Thepurpose of the current study was to explore participant suggestions for both students and adults forpreventing cyberbullying incidents.\nMethods: \nForty high school students participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Participantexperiences and perceptions were coded using constant comparative methods to illustrate ways inwhich students and adults may prevent cyberbullying from occurring within their school and community.\nResults: \nStudents reported that peers would benefit from increasing online security, as well asbecoming more aware of their cyber-surroundings. Regarding adult-provided prevention services,participants often discussed that there is little adults can do to reduce cyberbullying. Reasons includedthe difficulties in restricting online behaviors or providing effective consequences. However, somestudents did discuss the use of in-school curricula while suggesting that adults blame people ratherthan technology as potential ways to prevent cyberbullying.\nConclusion: \nFindings from the current study indicate some potential ways to improve adult efforts toprevent cyberbullying. These strategies include parent/teacher training in technology andcyberbullying, interventions focused more on student behavior than technology restriction, and helpingstudents increase their online safety and awareness. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(5):587–592.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "cyberbullying, prevention, qualitative" } ], "section": "Original Research (Limit 4000 words)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vb009q5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Leandra", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Parris", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Illinois State University, Department of Psychology, Normal, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Kris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Varjas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, Department of Counseling and Psychological Services,\nAtlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meyers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia State University, Department of Counseling and Psychological Services,\nAtlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-12-17T04:45:19Z", "date_accepted": "2013-12-17T04:45:19Z", "date_published": "2014-06-02T23:55:07Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8071/galley/4661/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44066, "title": "Tendinopathy and Fluoroquinolones", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d3291gn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brian ", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Morris", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-06-01T07:02:30Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44066/galley/32869/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44054, "title": "Metformin and Vitamin B12 Deficiency", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k59f80q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brian ", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Morris", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-06-01T06:22:32Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44054/galley/32857/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44053, "title": "Meniere’s Disease: A Common Disorder In Outpatient Clinic", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wh1r19h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brian ", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Morris", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-06-01T06:19:09Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44053/galley/32856/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44043, "title": "Crohn’s Disease: A Late Presentation of A Common Disease", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k09d5bf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Brian ", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Morris", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-06-01T05:47:57Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44043/galley/32846/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44046, "title": "Estimation of the return of investment on implication of electronic medical records systems in the United States", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Commentary" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28k002kq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nadia ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sellami", "name_suffix": "PhD", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" }, { "first_name": "Roy ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Doumani", "name_suffix": "JD", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael ", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Pfeffer", "name_suffix": "MD, FACP", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-31T05:54:02Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44046/galley/32849/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 31022, "title": "Volume 1", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Highlights of Insights and Excellence in Undergraduate Research</p>", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dx87248", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Undergraduate Research Journal of Psychology at UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-07-17T17:15:52.164000Z", "date_accepted": "2024-07-17T17:20:28.162000Z", "date_published": "2014-05-30T17:28:00Z", "render_galley": { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/urjpucla/article/31022/galley/22106/download/" }, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/urjpucla/article/31022/galley/22106/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8158, "title": "Evaluation of Karl Storz CMAC TipTM Device Versus Traditional Airway Suction in a Cadaver Model", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: We compared the efficacy of Karl Storz CMAC TipTM with inline suction to CMAC with traditional suction device in cadaveric models simulating difficult airways, using media mimicking pulmonary edema and vomit.\nMethods: This was a prospective, cohort study in which we invited emergency medicine faculty and residents to participate. Each participant intubated 2 cadavers (one with simulated pulmonary edema and one with simulated vomit), using CMAC with inline suction and CMAC with traditional suction. Thirty emergency medicine providers performed 4 total intubations each in a crossover trial comparing the CMAC with inline suction and CMAC with traditional suction. Two intubations were performed with simulated vomit and two with simulated pulmonary edema. The primary outcome was time to successful intubation; and the secondary outcome was proportion of successful intubation.\nResults: The median time to successful intubation using the CMAC with inline suction versus traditional suction in the pulmonary edema group was 29s and 30s respectively (p=0.54). In the vomit simulation, the median time to successful intubation was 40s using the CMAC with inline suction and 41s using the CMAC with traditional suction (p=0.70). There were no significant differences in time to successful intubation between the 2 devices. Similarly, the proportions of successful intubation were also not statistically significant between the 2 devices. The proportions of successful intubations using the inline suction were 96.7% and 73.3%, for the pulmonary edema and vomit groups, respectively. Additionally using the handheld suction device, the proportions for the pulmonary edema and vomit group were 100% and 66.7%, respectively.\nConclusion: CMAC with inline suction was no different than CMAC with traditional suction and was associated with no statistically significant differences in median time to intubation or proportion of successful intubations. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):548-553.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "CMAC Karl Storz" }, { "word": "in-line suction" }, { "word": "Difficult Airway" }, { "word": "intubation" }, { "word": "emergency room intubation" }, { "word": "CMAC in-line suction" }, { "word": "cadaveric model" } ], "section": "Technology in Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dz5v14d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Demis", "middle_name": "Nemury", "last_name": "Lipe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Randi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lindstrom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Dustin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tauferner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mitchell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moffett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-28T18:30:32Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-28T18:30:32Z", "date_published": "2014-05-29T19:26:20Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8158/galley/4697/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8069, "title": "Implementation of a Team-based Physician Staffing Model at an Academic Emergency Department", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nThere is scant literature regarding the optimal resident physician staffing model of academic emergency departments (ED) that maximizes learning opportunities. A department of emergency medicine at a large inner-city academic hospital initiated a team-based staffing model. Its pre-interventional staffing model consisted of residents and attending physicians being separately assigned patients, resulting in residents working with two different faculty providers in the same shift. This study aimed to determine if the post-interventional team-based system, in which residents were paired with a single attending on each shift, would result in improved residents’ learning and clinical experiences as manifested by resident evaluations and the number of patients seen.\nMethods: \nThis retrospective before-and-after study at an academic ED with an annual volume of 52,000 patients examined the mean differences in five-point Likert-scale evaluations completed by residents assessing their ED rotation experiences in both the original and team-based staffing models. The residents were queried on their perceptions of feeling part of the team, decision-making autonomy, clinical experience, amount of supervision, quality of teaching, and overall rotational experience. We also analyzed the number of patients seen per hour by residents. Paired sample t-tests were performed. Residents who were in the program in the year preceding and proceeding the intervention were eligible for inclusion.\nResults: \n34 of 38 eligible residents were included (4 excluded for lack of evaluations in either the pre- or post-intervention period). There was a statistically significant improvement in resident perception of the quality and amount of teaching, 4.03 to 4.27 (mean difference=0.24, p=0.03). There were non-statistically significant trends toward improved mean scores for all other queries. Residents also saw more patients following the initiation of the team-based model, 1.24 to 1.56 patients per hour (mean difference=0.32, p=0.0005).\nConclusion: \nAdopting a team-based physician staffing model is associated with improved resident perceptions of quality and amount of teaching. Residents also experience a greater number of patient evaluations in a team-based model. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(6):-0]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Resident education, emergency department staffing, rotation evaluations" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qg5v0ck", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jose", "middle_name": "V", "last_name": "Nable", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Emergency Health Services, Baltimore, Maryland\n\nUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Greenwood", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Abraham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Bond", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Winters", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-12-14T18:28:19Z", "date_accepted": "2013-12-14T18:28:19Z", "date_published": "2014-05-29T19:22:16Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8069/galley/4660/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8153, "title": "Compassion Fatigue is Similar in Emergency Medicine Residents Compared to other Medical and Surgical Specialties", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: \nCompassion fatigue (CF) is the emotional and physical burden felt by those helping others in distress, leading to a reduced capacity and interest in being empathetic towards future suffering. Emergency care providers are at an increased risk of CF secondary to their first responder roles and exposure to traumatic events. We aimed to investigate the current state of compassion fatigue among emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians, including an assessment of contributing factors.\nMethods: \nWe distributed a validated electronic questionnaire consisting of the Professional Quality of Life Scale with subscales for the three components of CF (compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress), with each category scored independently. We collected data pertaining to day- versus night-shift distribution, hourly workload and child dependents. We included residents in EM, neurology, orthopedics, family medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics, and general surgery.\nResults:\n We surveyed 255 residents, with a response rate of 75%. Of the 188 resident respondents, 18% worked a majority of their clinical shifts overnight, and 32% had child dependents. Burnout scores for residents who worked greater than 80 hours per week, or primarily worked overnight shifts, were higher than residents who worked less than 80 hours (mean score 25.0 vs 21.5; p=0.013), or did not work overnight (mean score 23.5 vs 21.3; p=0.022). EM residents had similar scores in all three components of CF when compared to other specialties. Secondary traumatic stress scores for residents who worked greater than 80 hours were higher than residents who worked less than 80 hours (mean score 22.2 vs 19.5; p=0.048), and those with child dependents had higher secondary traumatic stress than those without children (mean score 21.0 vs 19.1; p=0.012).\nConclusion: \nCF scores in EM residents are similar to residents in other surgical and medical specialties. Residents working primarily night shifts and those working more than 80 hours per week appear to be at high risk of developing compassion fatigue. Residents with children are more likely to experience secondary traumatic stress. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(6):–0]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "compassion" }, { "word": "compassion fatigue" }, { "word": "Empathy" }, { "word": "Resident wellness" }, { "word": "physician burnout" }, { "word": "Graduate Medical Education" }, { "word": "resident wellbeing" }, { "word": "stress disorder." } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pn5d48k", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "M. Fernanda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bellolio", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabrera", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Annie", "middle_name": "T", "last_name": "Sadosty", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Hess", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ronna", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Campbell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Lohse", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Kharmene", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Sunga", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-24T21:12:46Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-24T21:12:46Z", "date_published": "2014-05-29T19:19:01Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8153/galley/4695/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7980, "title": "Deliberate Apprenticeship in the Pediatric Emergency Department Improves Experience for Third-year Medical Students", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: \nThe Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) provides medical students with learning in a high-volume, fast-paced environment; characteristics that can be stressful for new students. Shadowing can improve transitioning, yet this alone does not facilitate students’ development of independent medical care competencies. This study evaluates if third-year medical students’ deliberate apprenticeship with senior residents increases students’ comfort and patient exposure in the PED.\nMETHODS:\n This study took place over the 2011-2012 academic year, and study participants were all third-year medical students during their pediatric clerkship rotation. This was a prospective educational intervention assigning students to randomized control blocks of deliberate apprenticeship (DA) intervention or control. DA students were paired with a senior resident who oriented and worked with the student, while control students were unpaired. All students completed a 20-question structured survey at shift end, which included questions about their perception of the learning environment, comfort with, and number of patient care responsibilities performed. We used independent Mann-Whitney and t-tests to compare experiences between the groups. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. We used the constant comparative method to qualitatively analyze students’ comments.\nRESULTS:\n Response rate was 85% (145/169). Students also rated on 5-point Likert-scale their level of comfort with defined aspects of working in the PED. DA students (n=76) were significantly more comfortable obtaining histories (4.2 versus 3.8) and formulating differential diagnoses (3.9 versus 3.4). DA students also performed more physical exams (2.9 versus 2.4). We categorized themes from the qualitative analysis of the students’ comments about their PED experience. The titles for these themes are as follows: PED provides a good learning experience; uncertainty about the medical student’s role in the PED; third-year medical students compete with other learners for teaching attention; opportunities provided to medical students for inclusion in patient care; personal knowledge deficits limit the ability to participate in the PED; PED pace affects learning opportunities.\nCONCLUSION: \nDA constitutes a feasible approach to the clinical learning environment that increases students’ patient care experiences and may ease transitioning for undergraduate medical students to new clinical environments. [West J Emerg Med.–0]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "medical education, pediatrics, emergency medicine, deliberate apprenticeship" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v46d8m5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maya", "middle_name": "Subbarao", "last_name": "Iyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Patricia", "middle_name": "Bridget", "last_name": "Mullan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan, Department of Medical Education", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Sally", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Santen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan, Department of Medical Education and Department of Emergency Medicine", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Athina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sikavitsas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Christner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "State University of New York at Syracuse, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical Education", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-10-10T17:59:34Z", "date_accepted": "2013-10-10T17:59:34Z", "date_published": "2014-05-29T19:14:43Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7980/galley/4625/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7716, "title": "Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring in Acute Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Non-invasive, continuous hemodynamic monitoring is entering the clinical arena. The primary objective of this study was to test the feasibility of such monitoring in a pilot sample of Emergency Department (ED) stroke patients. Secondary objectives included analysis of hemodynamic variability and correlation of continuous blood pressure measurements with standard measurements.\nMethods: This study was a secondary analysis of 7 stroke patients from a prospectively collected data set of patients that received 2 hours of hemodynamic monitoring in the ED. Stroke patients were included if hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke was confirmed by neuroimaging, and symptom onset was within 24 hours. They were excluded for the presence of a stroke mimic or transient ischemic attack. Monitoring was performed using the Nexfin device (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA).\nResults: The mean age of the cohort was 71 ± 17 years, 43% were male, and the mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 6.9 ± 5.5. Two patients had hemorrhagic stroke. We obtained 42,456 hemodynamic data points, including beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements with variability of 18 mmHg and cardiac indices ranging from 1.8 to 3.6 l/min/m2. The correlation coefficient between continuous blood pressure measurements with the Nexfin device and standard ED readings was 0.83.\nConclusion: This exploratory investigation revealed that continuous, noninvasive monitoring in the ED is feasible in acute stroke. Further research is currently underway to determine how such monitoring may impact outcomes in stroke or replace the need for invasive monitoring. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):345-350.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "monitoring" }, { "word": "Hemodynamics" }, { "word": "stroke" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" }, { "word": "Critical care" } ], "section": "Critical Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j00g8xz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ayan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Heidi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilkie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lewandowski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nowak", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-02-08T16:55:43Z", "date_accepted": "2013-02-08T16:55:43Z", "date_published": "2014-05-29T19:10:51Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7716/galley/4517/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8111, "title": "Acute Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis with a Vaginal Contraceptive Ring", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare cause of abdominal pain, which if left untreated may result in bowel infarction, peritonitis and death. The majority of patients with this illness have a recognizable, predisposing prothrombotic condition. Oral contraceptives have been identified as a predisposing factor for mesenteric venous thrombosis in reproductive-aged women. In the last fifteen years new methods of hormonal birth control have been introduced, including a transdermal patch and an intravaginal ring. In this report, we describe a case of mesenteric venous thrombosis in a young woman caused by a vaginal contraceptive ring. [West J Emerg Med.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Mesenteric venous thrombosis" }, { "word": "vaginal contraceptive ring" }, { "word": "nuvaring" }, { "word": "Thrombosis" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89q33087", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wesley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eilbert", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hecht", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Loren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zuiderveld", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-24T02:14:46Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-24T02:14:46Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T22:14:35Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8111/galley/4679/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8206, "title": "Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Phytobezoars", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):385–386.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jz7c78s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maryam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Department of Internal\nMedicine, Tehran, Iran", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Seyed", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Aghili", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Department of\nEmergency Medicine, Tehran, Iran", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Rokhsareh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aghili", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Iran University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolism, Institute\nof Endocrine and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Center, Tehran, Iran", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-04-11T19:57:30Z", "date_accepted": "2014-04-11T19:57:30Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T22:12:05Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8206/galley/4718/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8189, "title": "Ocular Ultrasound Identifies Early Orbital Cellulitis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):394.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ultrasound, ocular, orbital" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz0r9b4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tarina", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Kang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Dina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seif", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mikaela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chilstrom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mailhot", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-03-29T01:19:31Z", "date_accepted": "2014-03-29T01:19:31Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T22:10:25Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8189/galley/4711/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8063, "title": "Yield and Clinical Predictors of Thoracic Spine Injury from Chest Computed Tomography for Blunt Trauma", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction:\n Cost and radiation risk have prompted intense examination of trauma patient imaging. A proposed decision instrument (DI) for the use of chest computed tomography (CT), (CCT) in blunt trauma patients includes thoracic spine (TS) tenderness, altered mental status (AMS) and distracting painful injury (DPI) as potential predictor variables. TS CT is a separate, costly study whose value is currently ill-defined. The objective of this study is to determine test characteristics of these predictor variables alone, and in combination, to derive a TS injury DI.\nMethods:\n Prospective cohort study of blunt trauma patients age > 14 in a Level I Trauma Center who had either CCT or TS CT.\nResults:\n Of 1,798 blunt trauma patients, 1,174 (65.3%) had CCT, and 46 (2.6%) had a TS CT at physician discretion. CCT identified 58 TS injuries in 1,220 patients (4.8%). For 1,032 patients without AMS, 18/35 had TS tenderness, for sensitivity of 51.4%, specificity 84.7%, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of 10.5% and 98.0%. Positive likelihood ratio (+LR) was 3.35, with negative (-LR) 0.57. Among the 58 TS injuries, 23 had AMS for sensitivity of 39.7%, with other test characteristics of 85.8%, 12.2%, 96.6%, with +LR 2.79 and -LR 0.70. Thirty-eight of 58 had DPI, for sensitivity 65.5%, with other test characteristics 65.7%, 8.7%, and 97.4%, with +LR 1.91 and -LR 0.52. Combining 3 predictor variables into a proposed DI found 56/58 injuries for test characteristics of 96.6% (95% CI 88.1-99.6%), 49.1% (46.1-52.0%), 8.6% (6.6-11.1%) and 99.7% (CI 98.7-100%), with +LR 1.90 (1.76-2.04) and -LR 0.07 (0.02-0.28). If validated, the DI would exclude 572/1,220 CCT patients from separate TS CT (46.9%, CI 44.1-49.7%), and 141/511 (27.6%, CI 23.8-31.7%) patients who actually had TS CT in our cohort. Medicare payment at our center for sagittal reconstructions of TS CT is $280 for professional plus technical charges ($3,312 per study). The DI, if validated, would save $39,000 –$160,000 in TS imaging payments.\nConclusion:\n TS CT is low yield and costly. Patients who are alert, have no TS tenderness and no DPI have a very low likelihood of TS injury (NPV 99.7% 95% CI lower limit 98.7%) with –LR=0.07, 95% CI upper limit 0.28). Avoiding TS CT may save considerable charges and payments. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):465–470.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "emergency medicine, spine, computed tomography, CT, blunt trauma" } ], "section": "Injury Outcomes", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08q5w191", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Langdorf", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Nadia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zuabi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Nooreen", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Khan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Chelsey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bithell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Armaan", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Rowther", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Karin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reed", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Anderson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shahram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lotfipour", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodriguez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-12-10T18:25:28Z", "date_accepted": "2013-12-10T18:25:28Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T21:49:12Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8063/galley/4657/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8190, "title": "Handlebar Trauma Causing Small Bowel Hernia with Jejunal Perforation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):367–368.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "abdominal wall hernia" }, { "word": "handlebar" }, { "word": "perforation" }, { "word": "computed tomography" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jm0k9qc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Serpil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yaylacı", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Hasan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ercelik", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Dumlupinar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Murat", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seyit", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Dumlupinar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ali", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kocyigit", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pamukkale University, Department of Radiology, Denizli, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mustafa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Serinken", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pamukkale University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-03-29T06:39:53Z", "date_accepted": "2014-03-29T06:39:53Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T21:44:02Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8190/galley/4712/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41610, "title": "Paleogene chelonians from Maryland and Virginia", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Fossil remains of 22 kinds of Paleogene turtles have been recovered in Maryland and Virginia from the early Paleocene Brightseat Formation (four taxa), late Paleocene Aquia Formation (nine taxa), early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation (five taxa), middle Eocene Piney Point Formation (one taxon), and mid-Oligocene Old Church Formation (three taxa). Twelve taxa are clearly marine forms, of which ten are pancheloniids (\nAshleychelys palmeri\n, \nCarolinochelys wilsoni\n, \nCatapleura coatesi\n, \nCatapleura\n sp., \nEuclastes roundsi\n, \nE. wielandi\n, ?\nLophochelys\n sp., \nProcolpochelys charlestonensis\n, \nPuppigerus camperi\n, and \nTasbacka ruhoffi\n), and two are dermochelyids (\nEosphargis insularis\n and cf. \nEosphargis gigas\n). Eight taxa represent fluvial or terrestrial forms (\nAdocus\n sp., \nJudithemys kranzi\n n. sp., \nPlanetochelys savoiei\n, cf. \n“Trionyx” halophilus\n, \n“Trionyx” pennatus\n, “Kinosternoid B,” Bothremydinae gen. et sp. indet., and Bothremydidae gen. et sp. indet.), and two taxa (\nAspideretoides virginianus\n and \nAllaeochelys\n sp.) are trionychian turtles that probably frequented estuarine and nearshore marine environments. In Maryland and Virginia, turtle diversity superficially appears to decline throughout the Paleogene, but this probably is due to an upward bias in the local stratigraphic column toward more open marine environments that have preserved very few remains of riverine or terrestrial turtles.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bothremydidae" }, { "word": "“Macrobaenidae”" }, { "word": "Kinosternoidea" }, { "word": "Trionychia" }, { "word": "Dermochelyidae" }, { "word": "Pancheloniidae" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7253p3tf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Weems", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Paleo Quest, Gainesville, Virginia", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-27T20:43:46Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-27T20:43:46Z", "date_published": "2014-05-27T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41610/galley/31150/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 35351, "title": "Elements of Food Infrastructure", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "As food has industrialized, it has changed, along with our bodies and our economies. Matthew Hockenberry charts conceptual connections in this issue with a timeline.", "language": null, "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\n\nShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.\n\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51p4c398", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hockenberry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-25T19:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/limn/article/35351/galley/26278/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44049, "title": "Iatrogenic Cushing’s Masquerading as Lipodystrophy and Adrenal Insufficiency", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4250m434", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Janet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winikoff", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-25T06:03:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44049/galley/32852/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 43982, "title": "Diagnosis of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in a Patient Presenting with Acute Stroke", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/413326bq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jorge ", "middle_name": "A. ", "last_name": "Uribe", "name_suffix": "M.D. ", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" }, { "first_name": "Mina ", "middle_name": "R. ", "last_name": "Kang", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-23T23:21:47Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/43982/galley/32786/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8101, "title": "Incidental Finding in a Headache Patient: Intracranial Lipoma", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):361-362.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Central Nervous System" }, { "word": "Cranial Tomography" }, { "word": "headache" }, { "word": "Intracranial Lipoma" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/418807k3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ozlem", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bilir", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ozcan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yavasi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Gokhan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ersunan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Kamil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kayayurt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Tugba", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Durakoglugil", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Radiology, Rize, Turkey", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-18T17:14:09Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-18T17:14:09Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T20:15:32Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8101/galley/4674/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8140, "title": "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Secondary Paget Schröetter Syndrome: A Rare Case of Effort-Induced Thrombosis of the Upper Extremity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):364-365.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rj9v4mm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jesse", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kellar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lakeland Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint\nJoseph, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Trigger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lakeland Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint\nJoseph, Michigan", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-14T06:11:52Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-14T06:11:52Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T17:44:46Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8140/galley/4686/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8142, "title": "A Purple Ulcer", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):366.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "antiseptic, gentian violet, hexamethylrosaniline, ulcer, skin infection" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xn7j1c9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Caleb", "middle_name": "Patrick", "last_name": "Canders", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Weinberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-14T16:23:03Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-14T16:23:03Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T17:39:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8142/galley/4687/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8051, "title": "Bilateral Hydronephrosis and Cystitis Resulting from Chronic Ketamine Abuse", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Ketamine associated urinary dysfunction has become increasingly more common worldwide. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an established modality for diagnosing hydronephrosis in the emergency department. We describe a case of a young male ketamine abuser with severe urinary urgency and frequency in which POCUS performed by the emergency physician demonstrated bilateral hydronephrosis and a focally thickened irregular shaped bladder. Emergency physicians should consider using POCUS evaluate for hydronephrosis and bladder changes in ketamine abusers with lower urinary tract symptoms. The mainstay of treatment is discontinuing ketamine abuse. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):382–384.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ketamine" }, { "word": "ultrasound" }, { "word": "point-of-care" }, { "word": "emergency" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r73g9zv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vu Huy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tran", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack D. Weiler Hospital, Bronx, New York", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mathew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nelson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hempstead, New York", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nogar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hempstead, New York", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Bramante", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hempstead, New York", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-11-25T04:30:10Z", "date_accepted": "2013-11-25T04:30:10Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T17:35:55Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8051/galley/4651/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7749, "title": "Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: A Case Series", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We describe a case series of seven patients presenting to an emergency department with symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning. They developed varying degrees of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, ataxia and paresthesias after eating mussels harvested from a beach near their resort. Four patients were admitted to the hospital, one due to increasing respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation and the remainder for respiratory monitoring. All patients made a full recovery, most within 24 hours. The ability to recognize and identify paralytic shellfish poisoning and manage its complications are important to providers of emergency medicine. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):378-381.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Paralytic shellfish poisoning, marine toxin" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43r6v4tk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hurley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Washington Poison Control Center, Seattle, Washington", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Cameron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wolterstorff", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma,\nWashington", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacDonald", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma,\nWashington", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Debora", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shultz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Washington Poison Control Center, Seattle, Washington", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-25T03:38:55Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-25T03:38:55Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T17:32:23Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7749/galley/4533/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8055, "title": "Clinical Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the U.S. Emergency Departments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged as the most common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) in the United States. A nearly three-fold increase in SSTI visit rates had been documented in the nation’s emergency departments (ED). The objective of this study was to determine characteristics associated with ED performance of incision and drainage (I+D) and use of adjuvant antibiotics in the management of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Methods: Cross-sectional study of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative database of ED visits from 2007-09. Demographics, rates of I+D, and adjuvant antibiotic therapy were described. We used multivariable regression to identify factors independently associated with use of I+D and adjuvant antibiotics.Results: An estimated 6.8 million (95% CI: 5.9-7.8) ED visits for SSTI were derived from 1,806 sampled visits; 17% were for children <18 years of age and most visits were in the South (49%). I+D was performed in 27% (95% CI 24-31) of visits, and was less common in subjects <18 years compared to adults 19-49 years (p<0.001), and more common in the South. Antibiotics were prescribed for 85% of SSTI; there was no relationship to performance of I+D (p=0.72). MRSA-active agents were more frequently prescribed after I+D compared to non-drained lesions (70% versus 56%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, I+D was associated with presentation in the South (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.52-3.65 compared with Northeast), followed by West (OR 2.13; 1.31-3.45), and Midwest (OR 1.96; 1.96-3.22).Conclusion:Clinical management of most SSTIs in the U.S. involves adjuvant antibiotics, regardless of I+D. Although not necessarily indicated, CA-MRSA effective therapy is being used for drained SSTI. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):491–498.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Skin infections, emergency department, epidemiology" } ], "section": "Practice Variability", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h32h66t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rakesh", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Mistry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Shapiro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Monika", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Goyal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "George Washington University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Theoklis", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Zaoutis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Infectious Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Gerber", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Infectious Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Catherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Hersh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Salt Lake City, Utah", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-11-27T06:08:43Z", "date_accepted": "2013-11-27T06:08:43Z", "date_published": "2014-05-23T17:26:19Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8055/galley/4654/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 4794, "title": "Egyptian History in the Classical Historiographers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Egyptian history was discussed by a number of classical historians. Two extensive accounts havesurvived intact (those of Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus) along with the fragmentary remains ofnumerous other texts. Though classical historians are not usually reliable as independent sources forthe history of Egypt before the Saïte Period, they often provide useful information on Egyptian historyin the periods contemporary with classical Greek and Roman civilization, as well as evidence of howearlier phases of Egyptian history were remembered and represented by Greek and Roman authors,and by Egyptians themselves.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Arts and Humanities" }, { "word": "History" }, { "word": "Historiography" }, { "word": "Herodotus" } ], "section": "Time and History", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sx6s9fn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moyer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2010-06-14T20:25:08Z", "date_accepted": "2010-06-14T20:25:08Z", "date_published": "2014-05-22T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/nelc_uee/article/4794/galley/2694/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8107, "title": "Ear Drainage After Trauma", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):363.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "trauma, Halo Sign," } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kz1g88b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Danielle", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Campagne", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Saleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manternach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-21T23:06:06Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-21T23:06:06Z", "date_published": "2014-05-21T21:31:12Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8107/galley/4677/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7984, "title": "Typed versus Voice Recognition for Data Entry in an Electronic Health Record: Emergency Department Physician Time Utilization and Interruptions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Use of electronic health record (EHR) systems can place a considerable data entry burden upon the emergency department (ED) physician. Voice recognition data entry has been proposed as one mechanism to mitigate some of this burden; however, no reports are available specifically comparing emergency physician (EP) time use or number of interruptions between typed and voice recognition data entry-based EHRs. We designed this study to compare physician time use and interruptions between an EHR system using typed data entry versus an EHR with voice recognition.\nMethods: We collected prospective observational data at 2 academic teaching hospital EDs, one using an EHR with typed data entry and the other with voice recognition capabilities. Independent raters observed EP activities during regular shifts. Tasks each physician performed were noted and logged in 30 second intervals. We compared time allocated to charting, direct patient care, and change in tasks leading to interruptions between sites.\nResults: We logged 4,140 minutes of observation for this study. We detected no statistically significant differences in the time spent by EPs charting (29.4% typed; 27.5% voice) or the time allocated to direct patient care (30.7%; 30.8%). Significantly more interruptions per hour were seen with typed data entry versus voice recognition data entry (5.33 vs. 3.47; p=0.0165).\nConclusion: The use of a voice recognition data entry system versus typed data entry did not appear to alter the amount of time physicians spend charting or performing direct patient care in an ED setting. However, we did observe a lower number of workflow interruptions with the voice recognition data entry EHR. Additional research is needed to further evaluate the data entry burden in the ED and examine alternative mechanisms for chart entry as EHR systems continue to evolve. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):541-547.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Voice Recognition" }, { "word": "Data Entry" }, { "word": "Electronic Health Record" }, { "word": "Charting" }, { "word": "Physician Utilization" }, { "word": "Interruptions" } ], "section": "Technology in Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tw3t0s9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "dela Cruz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Shabosky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Albrecht", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ted", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Clark", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Milbrandt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Center for Clinical Research, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Markwell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jason", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Kegg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Springfield, Illinois", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-17T16:50:43Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-17T16:50:43Z", "date_published": "2014-05-21T21:23:17Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7984/galley/4626/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7974, "title": "Successful Conviction of Intoxicated Drivers at a Level I Trauma Center", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Conviction rates for drivers driving under the influence (DUI) and in motor vehicle collisions (MVC) presenting to trauma centers are based primarily on data from the 1990s. Our goal was to identify DUI conviction rates of intoxicated drivers in MVCs presenting to a trauma center and to identify factors associated with the failure to obtain a DUI conviction.\nMethods: Retrospective study of adults (>18 years) presenting to a trauma center emergency department (ED) in 2007. Eligible subjects were drivers involved in a MVC with an ED blood alcohol level (BAL) ≥ 80mg/dL. Subjects were matched to their Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) records to identify DUI convictions from the collision, the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and arresting officer’s impression of the driver’s sobriety. We entered potential variables predictive of failure to obtain a DUI conviction into a regression model.\nResults: The 241 included subjects had a mean age of 34.1 ± 12.8 years, and 185 (77%) were male. Successful DUI convictions occurred in 142/241 (58.9%, 95% CI 52.4, 65.2%) subjects. In a regression model, Injury Severity Score > 15 (odds ratio = 2.70 (95% CI 1.06, 6.85)) and a lower ED BAL from 80 to 200mg/dL (odds ratio = 5.03 (95% CI 1.69, 14.9) were independently associated with a failure to obtain a DUI conviction.\nConclusion: Slightly more than half of drivers who present to an ED after a MVC receive a DUI conviction. The most severely injured subjects and those with lower BALs are least likely to be convicted of a DUI. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):480-485.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "driving under the influence, motor vehicle collision" } ], "section": "Injury Prevention and Population Health", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12m2g07d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Holmes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adams", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis Medical Center Trauma Prevention and Outreach Program, Sacramento, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Patrice", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rogers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California Department of Motor Vehicles", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Phuoc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-09T23:44:52Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-09T23:44:52Z", "date_published": "2014-05-21T21:15:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7974/galley/4622/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7890, "title": "Emergency Physician Awareness of Prehospital Procedures and Medications", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Maintaining patient safety during transition from prehospital to emergency department (ED) care depends on effective handoff communication between providers. We sought to determine emergency physicians’ (EP) knowledge of the care provided by paramedics in terms of both procedures and medications, and whether the use of a verbal report improved physician accuracy.\nMethods: We conducted a 2-phase observational survey of a convenience sample of EPs in an urban, academic ED. In this large ED paramedics have no direct contact with physicians for non-critical patients, giving their report instead to the triage nurse. In Phase 1, paramedics gave verbal report to the triage nurse only. In Phase 2, a research assistant (RA) stationed in triage listened to this report and then repeated it back verbatim to the EPs caring for the patient. The RA then queried the EPs 90 minutes later regarding their patients’ prehospital procedures and medications. We compared the accuracy of these 2 reporting methods.\nResults: There were 163 surveys completed in Phase 1 and 116 in Phase 2. The oral report had no effect on EP awareness that the patient had been brought in by ambulance (86% in Phase 1 and 85% in Phase 2.) The oral report did improve EP awareness of prehospital procedures, from 16% in Phase 1 to 45% in Phase 2, OR=4.28 (2.5-7.5). EPs were able to correctly identify all oral medications in 18% of Phase 1 cases and 47% of Phase 2 cases, and all IV medications in 42% of Phase 1 cases and 50% of Phase 2 cases. The verbal report led to a mild improvement in physician awareness of oral medications given, OR=4.0 (1.09-14.5), and no improvement in physician awareness of IV medications given, OR=1.33 (0.15-11.35). Using a composite score of procedures plus oral plus IV medications, physicians had all three categories correct in 15% of Phase 1 and 39% of Phase 2 cases (p<0.0001).\nConclusion: EPs in our ED were unaware of many prehospital procedures and medications regardless of the method used to provide this information. The addition of a verbal hand-off report resulted in a modest improvement in overall accuracy. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):504-510.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ambulance, handover process, patient safety, error, triage" }, { "word": "clinical practice" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Prehospital Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q45n08c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Waldron", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York Hospital Queens, Department of Emergency Medicine, Flushing, New York", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Diane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sixsmith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York Hospital Queens, Department of Emergency Medicine, Flushing, New York", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-06-25T18:16:42Z", "date_accepted": "2013-06-25T18:16:42Z", "date_published": "2014-05-21T20:59:23Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7890/galley/4584/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7957, "title": "Improving Understanding of Medical Research: Audience Response Technology for Community Consultation for Exception to Informed Consent", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The Department of Health and Human Services and Food and Drug Administration described guidelines for exception from informed consent (EFIC) research. These guidelines require community consultation (CC) events, which allow members of the community to understand the study, provide feedback and give advice. A real-time gauge of audience understanding would allow the speaker to modify the discussion. The objective of the study is to describe the use of audience response survey (ARS) technology in EFIC CCs.\nMethods: As part of the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial (RAMPART), 13 CC events were conducted. We prepared a PowerPoint™ presentation with 4 embedded ARS questions,according to specific IRB guidelines to ensure that the pertinent information would reach our targeted audience. During 6 CCs, an ARS was used to gauge audience comprehension. Participants completed paper surveys regarding their opinion of the study following each CC. Results: The ARS was used with minimal explanation and only one ARS was lost. Greater than 80% of the participants correctly answered 3 of the 4 ARS questions with 61% correctly answering the question regarding EFIC. A total of 105 participants answered the paper survey; 80-90% of the responses to the paper survey were either strongly agree or agree. The average scores on the paper survey in the ARS sites compared to the non-ARS sites were significantly more positive.\nConclusion: The use of an audience response system during the community consultation aspects of EFIC is feasible and provides a real-time assessment of audience comprehension of the study and EFIC process. It may improve the community’s opinion and support of the study. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):414-418.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Audience Response, EFIC, Community Consultation, RAMPART" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qq7s3xq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Taher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vohra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ralphe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bou Chebl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Russman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University, Department of Neurology,\nDetroit, Michigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford West Bloomfield Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oakland County,\nMichigan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lewandowski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University, Department of Emergency\nMedicine, Detroit, Michigan", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-08-29T03:09:01Z", "date_accepted": "2013-08-29T03:09:01Z", "date_published": "2014-05-20T00:53:19Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7957/galley/4613/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7939, "title": "Comparison of Three Prehospital Cervical Spine Protocols to Missed Injuries", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: We wanted to compare 3 existing emergency medical services (EMS) immobilization protocols: the Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS, mechanism-based); the Domeier protocol (parallels the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study [NEXUS] criteria); and the Hankins’ criteria (immobilization for patients <12 or >65 years, those with altered consciousness, focal neurologic deficit, distracting injury, or midline or paraspinal tenderness).To determine the proportion of patients who would require cervical immobilization per protocol and the number of missed cervical spine injuries, had each protocol been followed with 100% compliance.\nMethods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients ≥18 years transported by EMS post-traumatic mechanism to an inner city emergency department. Demographic and clinical/historical data obtained by physicians were recorded prior to radiologic imaging. Medical record review ascertained cervical spine injuries. Both physicians and EMS were blinded to the objective of the study.\nResults: Of 498 participants, 58% were male and mean age was 48 years. The following participants would have required cervical spine immobilization based on the respective protocol: PHTLS, 95.4% (95% CI: 93.1-96.9%); Domeier, 68.7% (95% CI: 64.5-72.6%); Hankins, 81.5% (95% CI: 77.9-84.7%). There were 18 cervical spine injuries: 12 vertebral fractures, 2 subluxations/dislocations and 4 spinal cord injuries. Compliance with each of the 3 protocols would have led to appropriate cervical spine immobilization of all injured patients. In practice, 2 injuries were missed when the PHTLS criteria were mis-applied.\nConclusion: Although physician-determined presence of cervical spine immobilization criteria cannot be generalized to the findings obtained by EMS personnel, our findings suggest that the mechanism-based PHTLS criteria may result in unnecessary cervical spine immobilization without apparent benefit to injured patients. PHTLS criteria may also be more difficult to implement due to the subjective interpretation of the severity of the mechanism, leading to non-compliance and missed injury. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):471-479.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "emergency medical services" }, { "word": "Immobilization" }, { "word": "spinal injuries" } ], "section": "Injury Outcomes", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6497n33w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Molly", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meenan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Erin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prince", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ronald", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Murphy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Caitlin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tambussi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Rick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rohrbach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Brigitte", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Baumann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Camden, New Jersey", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-08-13T17:39:37Z", "date_accepted": "2013-08-13T17:39:37Z", "date_published": "2014-05-20T00:40:17Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7939/galley/4607/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7798, "title": "Analysis of Medication Errors in Simulated Pediatric Resuscitation by Residents", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The objective of our study was to estimate the incidence of prescribing medication errors specifically made by a trainee and identify factors associated with these errors during the simulated resuscitation of a critically ill child.\nMethods: The results of the simulated resuscitation are described. We analyzed data from the simulated resuscitation for the occurrence of a prescribing medication error. We compared univariate analysis of each variable to medication error rate and performed a separate multiple logistic regression analysis on the significant univariate variables to assess the association between the selected variables.\nResults: We reviewed 49 simulated resuscitations . The final medication error rate for the simulation was 26.5% (95% CI 13.7% - 39.3%). On univariate analysis, statistically significant findings for decreased prescribing medication error rates included senior residents in charge, presence of a pharmacist, sleeping greater than 8 hours prior to the simulation, and a visual analog scale score showing more confidence in caring for critically ill children. Multiple logistic regression analysis using the above significant variables showed only the presence of a pharmacist to remain significantly associated with decreased medication error, odds raio of 0.09 (95% CI 0.01 - 0.64).\nConclusion: Our results indicate that the presence of a clinical pharmacist during the resuscitation of a critically ill child reduces the medication errors made by resident physician trainees.[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):486-490.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "medication error" }, { "word": "pediatric" }, { "word": "emergency" }, { "word": "Simulation" }, { "word": "Patient Safety" } ], "section": "Patient Safety", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50g528cc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Evelyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Porter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Besh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barcega", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Loma Linda, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Tommy", "middle_name": "Y", "last_name": "Kim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Loma Linda, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-04-11T04:25:41Z", "date_accepted": "2013-04-11T04:25:41Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T22:46:42Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7798/galley/4550/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7904, "title": "Assessing Knowledge Based on the Geriatric Competencies for Emergency Medicine Residents", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Emergency care of older adults requires specialized knowledge of their unique physiology, atypical presentations, and care transitions. Older adults often require distinctive assessment, treatment and disposition. Emergency medicine (EM) residents should develop expertise and efficiency in geriatric care. Older adults represent over 25% of most emergency department (ED) volumes. Yet many EM residencies lack curricula or assessment tools for competent geriatric care. Fully educating residents in emergency geriatric care can demand large amounts of limited conference time. The Geriatric Emergency Medicine Competencies (GEMC) are high-impact geriatric topics developed to help residencies efficiently and effectively meet this training demand. This study examines if a 2-hour didactic intervention can significantly improve resident knowledge in 7 key domains as identified by the GEMC across multiple programs.\nMethods: A validated 29-question didactic test was administered at six EM residencies before and after a GEMC-focused lecture delivered in summer and fall of 2009. We analyzed scores as individual questions and in defined topic domains using a paired student t test.\nResults: A total of 301 exams were administered; 86 to PGY1, 88 to PGY2, 86 to PGY3, and 41 to PGY4 residents. The testing of didactic knowledge before and after the GEMC educational intervention had high internal reliability (87.9%). The intervention significantly improved scores in all 7 GEMC domains (improvement 13.5% to 34.6%; p<0.001). For all questions, the improvement was 23% (37.8% pre, 60.8% post; P<0.001) Graded increase in geriatric knowledge occurred by PGY year with the greatest improvement post intervention seen at the PGY 3 level (PGY1 19.1% versus PGY3 27.1%).\nConclusion: A brief GEMC intervention had a significant impact on EM resident knowledge of critical geriatric topics. Lectures based on the GEMC can be a high-yield tool to enhance resident knowledge of geriatric emergency care. Formal GEMC curriculum should be considered in training EM residents for the demands of an aging population. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):409-413.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geriatric, Emergency Medicine, Residency training, Didactic testing" }, { "word": "Graduate MedicalEducation, Competencies, Geriatrics" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qh10336", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Teresita", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Hogan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago, Section of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Bhakti", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansoti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago, Section of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shu", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Chan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Presence Resurrection Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-07-10T00:18:38Z", "date_accepted": "2013-07-10T00:18:38Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T22:44:04Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7904/galley/4590/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65157, "title": "Consciousness During Sleep: Alcohol Intake Experiment Proposal", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Consciousness" }, { "word": "sleep" }, { "word": "Alcohol" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3z01s4p8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shree", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Patel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:06Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:06Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65157/galley/49921/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65161, "title": "Gin Flat Snow Water Equivalent Estimation from Field Methods", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Gin Flat" }, { "word": "Snow Water" }, { "word": "Field Methods" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20f018nd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vida", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nathaniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dylan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lem", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:28Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:28Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65161/galley/49925/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65152, "title": "Histone deacetylase inhibitor therapy in graft-versus-host-disease", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Histone" }, { "word": "deacetylase" }, { "word": "inhibitor therapy" }, { "word": "graft-versus-host-disease" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gq1r682", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Melissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "How", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:15:10Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:15:10Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65152/galley/49916/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65153, "title": "Maya Lifeway", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "maya" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ck2573x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tony", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hua", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:15:22Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:15:22Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65153/galley/49917/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65158, "title": "Microbial Fuel Cell Coupling: Clean, renewable energy generated from wastewater amongst other potential uses", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Microbial Fuel Cell" }, { "word": "renewable" }, { "word": "energy" }, { "word": "wastewater" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mx7z4bs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reynolds", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:12Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:12Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65158/galley/49922/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65156, "title": "Miscommunication in Pharmacy: A Prescription for Patient Safety", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Pharmacy" }, { "word": "Patient Safety" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pg271h7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shivani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Patel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:15:59Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:15:59Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65156/galley/49920/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65150, "title": "Musical Therapy’s Effects on Plasma β-endorphin Levels Post-Oral Surgery", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "music" }, { "word": "plasma" }, { "word": "endorphin" }, { "word": "Surgery" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mk9m2c8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Cameron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carlisle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:11:39Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:11:39Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65150/galley/49915/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65162, "title": "Parcel Per Parcel Toward A More Refined Carbon Emissions Estimation For Livermore, CA", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Carbon Emissions" }, { "word": "Estimation" }, { "word": "Livermore" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gt4w4dn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Živanović", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:37Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:37Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65162/galley/49926/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65154, "title": "Potential Evidence for Estrus in Humans: A Literature Review", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Estrus,Literature Review" }, { "word": "human" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w91h0qw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jenna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lunge", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:15:35Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:15:35Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65154/galley/49918/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65160, "title": "Termination by Aphasia & Carotid Artery Disease: History and Definition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Carotid Artery" }, { "word": "History" }, { "word": "Disease" }, { "word": "Aphasia" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8597k3g9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tkachuk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:22Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:22Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65160/galley/49924/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65159, "title": "Time Perception: An Exploration of Time Perception and Possible Applications in Cognitive Archaeology", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "time" }, { "word": "Cognitive Archaeology" }, { "word": "Perception" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77s1m1wz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sven", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sulzmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:16:17Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:16:17Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65159/galley/49923/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 65155, "title": "Type 2 Diabetes Research and Analysis Paper: Insight into Effective Treatment in Merced County", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract is included in the article.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Type 2 Diabetes" }, { "word": "Effective Treatment" }, { "word": "Merced" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zb5w2k0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tori Palmberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-20T05:15:39Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-20T05:15:39Z", "date_published": "2014-05-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucm_mwp_ucmurj/article/65155/galley/49919/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7925, "title": "Unrecognized Hypoxia and Respiratory Depression in Emergency Department Patients Sedated for Psychomotor Agitation: A Pilot Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The incidence of respiratory depression in patients who are chemically sedated in the emergency department (ED) is not well understood. As the drugs used for chemical restraint are respiratory depressants, improving respiratory monitoring practice in the ED may be warranted. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of respiratory depression in patients chemically sedated for violent behavior and psychomotor agitation in the ED.\nMethods: Adult patients who met eligibility criteria with psychomotor agitation and violent behavior who were chemically sedated were eligible. SpO2 and ETCO2 (end-tidal CO2) was recorded and saved every 5 seconds. Demographic data, history of drug or alcohol abuse, medical and psychiatric history, HR and BP every 5 minutes, any physician intervention for hypoxia or respiratory depression, or adverse events were also recorded. We defined respiratory depression as an ETCO2 of >50 mmHg, a change of 10% above or below baseline, or a loss of waveform for >15 seconds. Hypoxia was defined as a SpO2 of <93% for >15 seconds.\nResults: We enrolled 59 patients, and excluded 9 because of >35% data loss. Twenty-eight (28/50) patients developed respiratory depression at least once during their chemical restraint (56%, 95% CI 42-69%); the median number of events was 2 (range 1-6). Twenty-one (21/50) patients had at least one hypoxic event during their chemical restraint (42%, 95% CI 29-55%); the median number of events was 2 (range 1-5). Nineteen (19/21) (90%, 95% CI 71-97%) of the patients that developed hypoxia had a corresponding ETCO2 change. Fifteen (15/19) (79%, 95% CI 56-91%) patients who became hypoxic met criteria for respiratory depression before the onset of hypoxia. The sensitivity of ETCO2 to predict the onset of a hypoxic event was 90.48% (95% CI: 68-98%) and specificity 69% (95% CI: 49-84%). Five patients received respiratory interventions from the healthcare team to improve respiration [Airway repositioning: (2), Verbal stimulation: (3)]. Thirty-seven patients had a history of concurrent drug or alcohol abuse and 24 had a concurrent psychiatric history. None of these patients had a major adverse event.\nConclusion: About half of the patients in this study exhibited respiratory depression. Many of these patients went on to have a hypoxic event, and most of the incidences of hypoxia were preceded by respiratory depression. Few of these events were recognized by their treating physicians. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):430-437.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "sedation, chemical restraint, respiratory depression, hypoxia" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Operations", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts1m5j3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kenneth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Deitch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rowden", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Kathia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Damiron", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lares", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Nino", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oqroshidze", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aguilera", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Einstein Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-07-30T19:52:58Z", "date_accepted": "2013-07-30T19:52:58Z", "date_published": "2014-05-16T00:08:45Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7925/galley/4601/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7955, "title": "Impact of the Balance Billing Ban on California Emergency Providers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine reimbursement trends for emergency provider professional services following the balance billing ban in California.Methods: We conducted a blinded web-based survey to collect claims data from emergency providers and billing companies. Members of the California Chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians (California ACEP) reimbursement committee were invited to participate in the survey. We used a convenience sample of claims to determine payment rates before and after the balance billing ban.Results: We examined a total of 55,243 claims to determine the percentage of charges paid before and after the balance billing ban took effect on October 15, 2008. The overall reduction in percentage of charges paid was 13% in the first year and 19% in the second year following the balance billing ban. The average percentage of charges paid by health plans decreased from 91% to 86% from 2008 to 2010. Payments by risk-bearing organizations decreased from 72% to 46% of charges during the same time frame. Conclusion: Payment rates by subcontracted risk-bearing organizations for non-contracted emergency department professional services declined significantly following the balanced billing ban whereas payment rates by health plans remained relatively stable. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):518-522.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "HMO, Health Policy, PPO, Insurance, Medical Insurance" } ], "section": "Societal Impact on Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h22p5xt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Bing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Myles", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Riner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MedAmerica, Inc., Emeryville, California", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Theodore", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Chan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego, California", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-08-27T22:05:04Z", "date_accepted": "2013-08-27T22:05:04Z", "date_published": "2014-05-15T21:52:55Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7955/galley/4612/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7930, "title": "Analysis of the Evaluative Components on the Standard Letter of Recommendation (SLOR) in Emergency Medicine", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The standard letter of recommendation in emergency medicine (SLOR) was developed to standardize the evaluation of applicants, improve inter-rater reliability, and discourage grade inflation. The primary objective of this study was to describe the distribution of categorical variables on the SLOR in order to characterize scoring tendencies of writers.\nMethods: We performed a retrospective review of all SLORs written on behalf of applicants to the three Emergency Medicine residency programs in the University of Arizona Health Network (i.e. the University Campus program, the South Campus program and the Emergency Medicine/Pediatrics combined program) in 2012. All “Qualifications for Emergency Medicine” and “Global Assessment” variables were analyzed.\nResults: 1457 SLORs were reviewed, representing 26.7% of the total number of Electronic Residency Application Service applicants for the academic year. Letter writers were most likely to use the highest/most desirable category on “Qualifications for EM” variables (50.7%) and to use the second highest category on “Global Assessments” (43.8%). For 4-point scale variables, 91% of all responses were in one of the top two ratings. For 3-point scale variables, 94.6% were in one of the top two ratings. Overall, the lowest/least desirable ratings were used less than 2% of the time.\nConclusions: SLOR letter writers do not use the full spectrum of categories for each variable proportionately. Despite the attempt to discourage grade inflation, nearly all variable responses on the SLOR are in the top two categories. Writers use the lowest categories less than 2% of the time. Program Directors should consider tendencies of SLOR writers when reviewing SLORs of potential applicants to their programs. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):419-423.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "SLOR, standardized letter of recommendation in emergency medicine, medical student, letter of recommendation, emergency medicine" } ], "section": "Education", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65z1t92w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kristi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grall", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hiller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Lisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stoneking", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-08-02T18:52:07Z", "date_accepted": "2013-08-02T18:52:07Z", "date_published": "2014-05-15T21:52:04Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7930/galley/4605/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8002, "title": "Multidimensional Attitudes of Emergency Medicine Residents Toward Older Adults", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The demands of our rapidly expanding older population strain many emergency departments (EDs), and older patients experience disproportionately high adverse health outcomes. Trainee attitude is key in improving care for older adults. There is negligible knowledge of baseline emergency medicine (EM) resident attitudes regarding elder patients. Awareness of baseline attitudes can serve to better structure training for improved care of older adults. The objective of the study is to identify baseline EM resident attitudes toward older adults using a validated attitude scale and multidimensional analysis.\nMethods: Six EM residencies participated in a voluntary anonymous survey delivered in summer and fall 2009. We used factor analysis using the principal components method and Varimax rotation, to analyze attitude interdependence, translating the 21 survey questions into 6 independent dimensions. We adapted this survey from a validated instrument by the addition of 7 EM-specific questions to measures attitudes relevant to emergency care of elders and the training of EM residents in the geriatric competencies. Scoring was performed on a 5-point Likert scale. We compared factor scores using student t and ANOVA.Results: 173 EM residents participated showing an overall positive attitude toward older adults, with a factor score of 3.79 (3.0 being a neutral score). Attitudes trended to more negative in successive post-graduate year (PGY) levels.\nConclusion: EM residents demonstrate an overall positive attitude towards the care of older adults. We noted a longitudinal hardening of attitude in social values, which are more negative in successive PGY-year levels. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):511-517.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "attitudes, emergency medicine, residents, older adults" } ], "section": "Societal Impact on Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fv2k981", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Teresita", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Hogan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shu", "middle_name": "B", "last_name": "Chan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Presence Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Bhakti", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansoti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-10-08T17:53:38Z", "date_accepted": "2013-10-08T17:53:38Z", "date_published": "2014-05-15T21:50:44Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8002/galley/4634/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41609, "title": "A lithornithid (Aves: Palaeognathae) from the Paleocene (Tiffanian) of southern California", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The proximal end of a bird humerus recovered from the Paleocene Goler Formation of southern California is the oldest Cenozoic record of this clade from the west coast of North America. The fossil is characterized by a relatively large, dorsally-positioned head of the humerus and a subcircular opening to the pneumotricipital fossa, consistent with the Lithornithidae among known North American Paleocene birds, and is similar in size to \nLithornis celetius\n. This specimen from the Tiffanian NALMA extends the known geographic range of lithornithids outside of the Rocky Mountains region in the United States. The inferred coastal depositional environment of the Goler Formation is consistent with a broad ecological niche of lithornithids. The age and geographic distribution of lithornithids in North America and Europe suggests these birds dispersed from North America to Europe in the Paleocene or by the early Eocene. During the Paleogene the intercontinental dispersal of lithornithids likely occurred alongside other known bird and mammalian movements that were facilitated by climatic and sea level changes.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "bird humerus" }, { "word": "Fossil" }, { "word": "Lithornithidae" }, { "word": "Goler Formation" }, { "word": "Tiffanian" }, { "word": "california" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cm4v7h4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Stidham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Don", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lofgren", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, Claremont, CA", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Farke", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, Claremont, CA", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paik", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Webb Schools, Claremont, CA", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Choi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Webb Schools, Claremont, CA", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-13T22:25:29Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-13T22:25:29Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41609/galley/31149/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8143, "title": "Chemosis from Trauma", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):357–358.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "chemosis" }, { "word": "Trauma" }, { "word": "eye swelling" }, { "word": "scleral rupture" }, { "word": "tarrsoraphy" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c78r08h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Robert", "last_name": "Minckler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona at South Campus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Cameron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Newell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona at South Campus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Drummond", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona at South Campus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tucson, Arizona", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-14T23:13:48Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-14T23:13:48Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T01:06:59Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8143/galley/4688/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7797, "title": "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Aspects of the One-Percenter Culture for Emergency Department Personnel to Consider", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) are an iconic element of the criminal landscape in the United States, the country of their origin. Members of OMGs may present to the emergency department (ED) as a result of motor vehicle accidents or interpersonal violence. When one member of an OMG is injured, other members and associates are likely to arrive in the ED to support the injured member. The extant literature for ED personnel lacks an overview of the culture of OMGs, a culture that promotes the display of unique symbols and that holds certain paraphernalia as integral to an outlaw biker’s identity and pride. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss various aspects of the culture of OMGs so that ED personnel may better understand the mentality of the outlaw biker. Knowledge of their symbols, values, and hierarchy can be crucial to maintaining order in the ED when an injured outlaw biker presents to the ED. We used standard search engines to obtain reports from law enforcement agencies and studies in academic journals on OMGs. We present the observations of 1 author who has conducted ethnographic research on outlaw bikers since the 1980s. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):523-528.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "one-percenter" }, { "word": "outlaw biker" }, { "word": "outlaw motorcycle gang" }, { "word": "patches" }, { "word": "tattoos" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" } ], "section": "Societal Impact on Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3123c48g", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anand", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bosmia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Children’s of Alabama, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Quinn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of North Texas, Department of Rehabilitation, Social Work, and Addictions, Denton, Texas", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Peterson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griessenauer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "R. Shane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tubbs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Children’s of Alabama, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, Alabama", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-04-10T00:29:17Z", "date_accepted": "2013-04-10T00:29:17Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T01:03:58Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7797/galley/4549/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8065, "title": "“Whirl Sign” of Primary Small Bowel Volvulus", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):359–360.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "whirl sign, primary small bowel volvulus" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2604s0fs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tamura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Nobuo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kuniyoshi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Surgery Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Shuichi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maruwaka", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Joji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shiroma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Sunao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miyagi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Hitoshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Orita", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Hiroshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sakugawa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Heart Life Hospital, Digestive Division, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Fukunori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kinjo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fujita", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Department of Endoscopy, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Akira", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hokama", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Okinawa, Japan", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-13T04:58:35Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-13T04:58:35Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T01:01:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8065/galley/4659/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8147, "title": "The Law of Unintended Consequences: Illicit for Licit Narcotic Substitution", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):561–563.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Discourse on Integrating Emergency Care and Population Health", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gg4x42v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "Richard", "last_name": "Huecker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Louisville, Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Hugh", "middle_name": "W", "last_name": "Shoff", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Louisville, Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-18T22:36:28Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-18T22:36:28Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T00:58:26Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8147/galley/4691/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7993, "title": "Facial Firework Injury: A Case Series", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Fireworks are used to celebrate a variety of religious, patriotic, and cultural holidays and events around the world. Fireworks are common in the United States, with the most popular holiday for their use being national Independence Day, also known as July Fourth. The use of fireworks within the context of celebrations and holidays presents the ideal environment for accidents that lead to severe and dangerous injuries. Injuries to the face from explosions present a challenging problem in terms of restoring ideal ocular, oral, and facial function. Despite the well documented prevalence of firework use and injury, there is a relatively large deficit in the literature in terms of firework injury that involves the face. We present a unique case series that includes 4 adult male patients all with severe firework injuries to the face that presented at an urban level 1 trauma center. These four patients had an average age of 26.7 years old and presented within 5 hours of each other starting on July Fourth. Two patients died from their injuries and two patients underwent reconstructive surgical management, one of which had two follow up surgeries. We explore in detail their presentation, management, and subsequent outcomes as an attempt to add to the very limited data in the field of facial firework blast injury. In addition, the coincidence of their presentation within the same 5 hours brings into question the availability of the fireworks involved, and the possibility of similar injuries related to this type of firework in the future. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):387-393.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Facial Trauma, Blast Injury, Firework Injuries" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cx3q10s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kashyap", "middle_name": "Komarraju", "last_name": "Tadisina", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Arianne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abcarian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Ellen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Omi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Trauma Surgery, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois;\nUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-28T14:05:39Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-28T14:05:39Z", "date_published": "2014-05-13T00:27:24Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7993/galley/4631/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44047, "title": "Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Coccidioidomycosis, a Case Control Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p2702q4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dickey", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" }, { "first_name": "Arash ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heidari", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Greti ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petersen", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brian ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jean ", "name_suffix": "Ph.D.", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Royce ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnson", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-12T05:56:28Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44047/galley/32850/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5307, "title": "Training for Variability and Innovative Behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Abstract\nThis paper provides a summary of a 1969 report (Pryor, Haag, & O’Reilly) of the spontaneous emergence of innovative behavior of a dolphin, a replication of this event through training in another dolphin, and the effect this work has had on current animal training technology. This paper provides a review of laboratory based research in support of some of the procedures found effective in modern animal training in developing innovative behavior, specifically use of the conditioned reinforcer to mark a behavior, differential reinforcement of variability, and intentional use of positive reinforcement procedures. The authors describe specific processes for establishing innovative skills, practical applications presently in use with animals, consequent human and animal welfare benefits, and suggestions for further research.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "behavioral variability" }, { "word": "behavioral enrichment" }, { "word": "clicker training" }, { "word": "creativity training" }, { "word": "event marker" }, { "word": "innovative behavior" }, { "word": "marker based training" }, { "word": "novel behavior" }, { "word": "conditioned reinforcer" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs2q3nr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Karen", "middle_name": "Wylie", "last_name": "Pryor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Sheila", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chase", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hunter College CUNY", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-04-17T14:18:15Z", "date_accepted": "2014-04-17T14:18:15Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T19:59:16Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5307/galley/3177/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5302, "title": "Behavioral Variability in the Service of Constancy", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "From a stimulus-response (S-R) point of view, or even with an intermediate step, involving cognition (S-O-R), the existence of behavioral variablity in organisms, even under tightly controlled experimental conditions, suggests that 1) the relevant inputs to the system have not been fully characterized, 2) even the most minute difference in system inputs can produce vastly variable behavioral output, or 3) that behavior is fundamentally variable. Any of these possibilities leads to the conclusion that precise behavioral prediction, at any given moment, is virtually impossible. One can, however, re-conceptualize the challenge of understanding behavior such that it involves not what the organism will do from moment to moment, but what the characteristics of the system that governs the behavior of the organism are. In this paper, I outline a closed-loop cybernetic approach to understanding behavior, for which behavioral variability is actually a requirement. Findings are presented from a series of experiments across species, and using computer simulations, that support a cybernetic interpretation of behavior. I argue that behavioral variability provides adaptive advantages to organisms – regardless of whether that variability is produced by noise, or is actively generated by nervous systems. Finally, I discuss some ideas from embodied cognition that impose constraints on the variability of behavior.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cybernetics, Perceptual Control Theory, Behavior, Cross-species Comparison, Agent Based Model, Eshkol Wachman Movement Analysis, Stimulus-Response, Circular Causality, Ethology" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch4g2x6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Heather", "middle_name": "Christine", "last_name": "Bell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-03-03T20:35:53Z", "date_accepted": "2014-03-03T20:35:53Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T19:41:45Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5302/galley/3173/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5298, "title": "Modulation of variation by response-reward spatial proximity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "There has been a recent surge in the experimental investigation of the control of behavioral variability. Currently, it is understood that variability in behavior is predictably modulated by reinforcement parameters (e.g., a probability of reward delivery and reward magnitude). In two experiments, we investigated how spatial proximity between response and reward locations impacts the production of behavioral variability in both response rate and lever press duration. Rats were trained to lever press on two levers in a standard operant chamber that only differed from one another in their proximity to a food niche (i.e., Near vs. Far); a second experimental factor, the probability of reward, was signaled by an auditory cue. In Experiment 1, trials with a high-probability stimulus terminated with reward on 100% of trials, while trials with a low-probability stimulus terminated with reward 25% of the time. We conducted a similar procedure in Experiment 2, but reduced the likelihood of reward on low-probability trials to 10%; additionally, we collected data in a post-acquisition extinction test. Overall, reduced proximity and probability increased variation of response rate, whereas only the probability factor affected lever press duration. Proximity also interacted with probability to influence variation in response rate. These findings extend the factors modulating behavioral variability to include the spatial proximity between a response and reward.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Variation" }, { "word": "spatial proximity" }, { "word": "reward probability" }, { "word": "behavioral variability" }, { "word": "Behavior" }, { "word": "Operant" }, { "word": "Rat" }, { "word": "reward proximity" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gz4t2dr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kenneth", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Leising", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Chad", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Ruprecht", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "W. David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stahlman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-28T22:16:26Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-28T22:16:26Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T18:02:23Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5298/galley/3169/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5301, "title": "Variability of manual dexterity performance in non-human primates (\nMacaca fascicularis\n)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The goal of this study was to quantify the inter-individual and intra-individual variability of manual (digits) skill in adult macaque monkeys, over a motor learning phase and, lateron, when motor skills were consolidated. The hypothesis is that several attributes of the stable manual dexterity performance can be predicted from learning characteristics. The behavioral data were collected from 20 adult <em>Macaca fascicularis</em>, derived from their dominant hand, defined as the hand exhibiting a better performance than theother. Two manual dexterity tasks were tested: (i) the modified Brinkman board task, consisting in the retrieval of food pellets placed in 50 slots ina board, using the precision grip (opposition of the thumb and index finger);(ii) the reach and grasp drawer task, in which the grip force and the load force were continuously monitored while the monkey opened a drawer against a resistance, before grasping a pellet inside the drawer. The hypothesis was verified for the performance of manual dexterity after consolidation, correlated with the initial score before learning. Motor habit, reflected by the temporal order of sequential movements executed in the modified Brinkman board task, was established very early during the learning phase. As mostly expected, motor learning led to an optimization of manual dexterity parameters, such as score, contact time, as well as a decrease in intra-individual variability. Overall,the data demonstrate the substantial inter-individual variability of manual dexterity in non-human primates, to be considered for further pre-clinical applications based on this animal model.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Behaviour" }, { "word": "Behavior" }, { "word": "inter individual" }, { "word": "intraindividual variability" }, { "word": "motor learning" }, { "word": "Macaque" }, { "word": "Monkey" }, { "word": "dexterity" }, { "word": "learning" }, { "word": "precision grip" }, { "word": "reach" }, { "word": "grasp" }, { "word": "force" }, { "word": "skill" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6037m62g", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mélanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kaeser", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Pauline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chatagny", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Anne-Dominique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gindrat", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Savidan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Badoud", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Michela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fregosi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Véronique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moret", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roulin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schmidlin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rouiller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-19T07:50:46Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-19T07:50:46Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T17:47:19Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5301/galley/3172/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5296, "title": "Spatial Variability in Serial Response Learning and Performance by Pigeons (\nColumba livia\n)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Pigeons can learn structured sequences of cued responses and perform them quickly, even when random variability is later introduced into the originally learned sequence, making some cue locations unpredictable. In order to determine if initial learning shows the same tolerance of spatial variability as steady-state performance, naïve pigeons were trained on random distortions around a structured sequence without having seen the original sequence itself. Learning was possible, but accommodated less variability than did performance of the same sequence previously learned in an undistorted context. Analysis of results indicated that performance of a randomly distorted sequence is best when birds are initially trained with little or no variability, and randomness is later introduced in a gradual fashion.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Procedural memory, variability, serial response time, sequence learning, pigeons, prototypes" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69m5249f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Walter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Herbranson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Whitman College", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Patricia", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Xi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Claremont Graduate University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Yvan", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Trinh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Whitman College alum", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-22T00:04:35Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-22T00:04:35Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T01:56:49Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5296/galley/3167/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5294, "title": "Use of self-organizing maps for exploring coordination variability in the transition between walking and running", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigated multi-dimensional coordination instability and variability in the transitions between walking and running for a 26 year old female runner using self-organizing maps (SOMs) in three experimental procedures. We found different multi-dimensional coordination patterns for walking and running using the output from SOMs as stride trajectories on U-matrices and attractor diagrams. In transient conditions, the participant showed multi-stability, or instability, in the transition region for decreasing but not for increasing speeds. She also clearly showed increased multi-dimensional coordination variability around the transition region only for decreasing speeds and only in transient conditions. These findings may not be general across runners nor were they conclusive enough to support variability as a facilitator of the change from running to walking. Self-organizing maps provide us with a tool to study multi-dimensional coordination (and coordination variability) and to reduce its complexity to relatively simple map outputs, including basins of attraction and attractor landscapes.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Self-Organizing Maps" }, { "word": "coordination" }, { "word": "Movement Variability" }, { "word": "Gait Transitions" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s43n24d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Bartlett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Otago", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "F", "last_name": "Lamb", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Otago", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O’Donovan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Otago", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Gavin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kennedy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Otago", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-19T22:34:36Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-19T22:34:36Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T01:30:03Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5294/galley/3165/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5295, "title": "Effects of Response Frequency Constraints on Learning in a Non-Stationary Multi-armed Bandit Task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "An \nn-\narmed bandit task was used to investigate the trade-off between exploratory (choosing lesser-known options) and exploitive (choosing options with the greatest known probability of reinforcement) human choice in a trial-and-error learning problem. A different probability of reinforcement was assigned to each of eight response options using random-ratios (RRs), and participants chose by clicking buttons in a circular display on a computer screen using a computer mouse. To differentially increase exploration, relative frequency thresholds were randomly assigned to each participant and acted as task constraints limiting the proportion of total responses that could be attributed to any response option. The potential benefit of increased exploration in non-stationary environments was investigated by changing payoff probabilities so that the leanest options became the richest or the richest options became the leanest. On the average, forcing participants to explore at moderate to high levels always resulted in their earning less reinforcement, even when the payoffs changed. This outcome may be due to humans’ natural level of exploration in our task being sufficiently high to create sensitivity to environmental dynamics.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Exploration" }, { "word": "exploitation" }, { "word": "variability" }, { "word": "decision making" }, { "word": "Comparative Psychology" }, { "word": "payoff" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xp0g0sf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Young", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kansas State University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Deborah", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Racey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-20T17:22:46Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-20T17:22:46Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T00:40:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5295/galley/3166/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5287, "title": "How Molecular, Molar, and Unified Analyses Change the Meaning of Behavioral Variability", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What effects reinforcement is assumed to have and what data are collected depend on what <em>behavioral variability</em> means. It has extremely different meanings in molecular, molar, and unified behavior analyses. In molecular analyses the term relates reinforcement and moment-to-moment behaving of an individual organism, as when hand shaping creates new complex paterns extended in time or as when cumulative records show complex patterns. Molecular behavioral variability is easy to see, as in these two examples, but is hard to describe quantitatively. Behavioral variability in the context of molar analyses requires first aggregating behaviors, then counting them or finding their cumulative durations, and finally quantitatively summarizing the aggregate by a statistic, usually an average rate of occurrence of, or an average time allocated to, the aggregated behaviors. The statistic can also be a measure of variabiity, like the U statistic, rather than of central tendency. Molar behavioral variability can also be quantitatively defined as the variabiity of a statistic describing some property of an aggregate as a function of time, individuals, or, most commonly, experimental parameters. Some molar accounts interpret the aggregate statistic itself (average rate, time allocation, or variaibity) as an operant response. Quantitative theories account for over 90 percent of this kind of variability in thousands of molar analyses. Molar variability, however, seldom describes or explains molecular variability, and a common molar interpretation of free-operant behaving is that molecular behavior varies ony randomly over time with a constant probability. There is little, if any, evidence for this interpretation and a considerable literature that suggests it is incorrrect. A unified analysis combines automated shaping of molecular, quantitative patterns of behaviors, a molar aggregate of those patterns, and one or more statistics descriptive of the aggregate. A unified analysis involves both kinds of quantitative behavioral variability: moment-to-moment variability of shaped patterns resembling target patterns, and molar variability of a statistic defined over an aggregate of such shaped patterns, such as the variability of the average rate of, or time allocated to, a shaped pattern. Only simulation theories seem sufficiently powerful to produce a general and unified theory to account for both moment-to-moment behaving and statistics that describe molar aggregates.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Molar, Molecular, Unified Behavior Analyses, Reinforcement, Behavioral Variability" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q6267jq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "Patterson", "last_name": "Shimp", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Other", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-02T19:44:18Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-02T19:44:18Z", "date_published": "2014-05-11T00:10:57Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5287/galley/3161/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5300, "title": "Operant Variability and the Evolution of Volition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Volition has been debated for thousands of years: what is it, how is it possible for biophysical beings to behave in a voluntary manner, indeed, does volition exist? Evolution of volition has rarely been part of the discussion. In this paper, I argue that operant-conditioning studies provide evidence for evolved volition. Three attributes are common to operant and voluntary behaviors. One is that responses are goal-directed, purposeful, some say rational, or controlled by reinforcing consequences. A second is that the responses vary – from random-like to repetitive – with predictability (or unpredictability) depending upon contexts and consequences. A third attribute is that responses appear to be self-generated or, in operant terms, emitted. These attributes are found in many species, simple to complex, but species also differ in details. Taken together, the evidence supports an evolutionary basis of volition.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Voluntary behavior" }, { "word": "Operant behavior" }, { "word": "Response Class" }, { "word": "variability" }, { "word": "reinforcement" }, { "word": "evolution" }, { "word": "Free Will" }, { "word": "Comparative" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s78k28c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Allen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Neuringer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Reed College", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-02-15T20:29:45Z", "date_accepted": "2014-02-15T20:29:45Z", "date_published": "2014-05-10T23:02:15Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5300/galley/3171/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5297, "title": "How Little We Know: Big Gaps in Psychology and Economics", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A rule about the control of variability is \nreducing expectation of reward increases variation of the form of rewarded actions. \nThis is a rule about how food-getting knowledge is gathered, something we know almost nothing about. Almost all instrumental learning experiments are about how food-getting knowledge is used. Not only do we know almost nothing about how such knowledge is gathered, the question is almost never studied. Similar gaps exist in the study of human learning and economics. In human learning, how the environment controls curiosity is never studied. Likewise, economics theories are almost entirely about how people use economically-valuable knowledge. How the environment controls creation of that knowledge is a mystery that textbooks and researchers ignore.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "psychology learning variation economics innovation stagnation foraging" } ], "section": "Special Issue: Revisiting The Legacy of Stan Kuczaj", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n67x0st", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Seth", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Roberts", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-01-27T06:51:58Z", "date_accepted": "2014-01-27T06:51:58Z", "date_published": "2014-05-10T22:49:23Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5297/galley/3168/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5308, "title": "Selections on the Empirical and Theoretical Investigations of Behavioral Variability: An Introduction to the Special Issue", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Special Issue Introduction", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21m8h2qp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "W. David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stahlman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Mary Washington", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Aaron", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Blaisdell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-04-28T23:21:22Z", "date_accepted": "2014-04-28T23:21:22Z", "date_published": "2014-05-10T22:11:12Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5308/galley/3178/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5276, "title": "Correlates of recovery from incentive downshift: A preliminary selective breeding study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Rats exposed to a downshift in the concentration of a sucrose solution from 32% to 4% exhibit a transient suppression of consummatory behavior relative to an unshifted control always exposed to 4% sucrose. One explanation of this effect, known as consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC), explains consummatory suppression as arising from an emotional state of frustration that redirects behavior away from the source of the devalued solution. A preliminary selective breeding protocol consisting of three experiments was performed. Experiment 1 reports results from 5 generations of selected breeding for either high (H) or low (L) recovery rates from cSNC. A control line of randomly (R) mated rats was included. cSNC was reduced in H rats, but L and R rats did not differ across generations. H rats also provided no evidence of behavioral activation in acquisition or increased persistence in extinction after partial reinforcement, rather than continuous reinforcement. L and R rats, by contrast, showed both of these effects. H rats were also significantly smaller in body size than R rats, but did not differ in terms of water intake, sucrose sensitivity, open-field activity, or responding to sucrose solutions before the downshift. In Experiment 2, H infants from the sixth selected generation showed increased bandwidth in vocalizations induced by mother-infant separation relative to L and R rats. Experiment 3 showed that H rats failed to show increased response to incentive downshift after treatment with the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone, as done by L and R rats. The results, if replicated, may provide support for the interpretation of a significant role of frustration in cSNC.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Incentive contrast" }, { "word": "Selective breeding for recovery from contrast" }, { "word": "Partial reinforcement" }, { "word": "Infant vocalizations" }, { "word": "Frustration" }, { "word": "successive negative contrast" } ], "section": "Research Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t47w0rr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Leonardo", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Ortega", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Jacob", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Norris", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Florencia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lopez-Seal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mauricio", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Papini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas Christian University", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-12-03T23:33:11Z", "date_accepted": "2013-12-03T23:33:11Z", "date_published": "2014-05-07T03:21:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/5276/galley/3153/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8245, "title": "Table of Contents May 2014", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Table of Contents", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32v4x5xv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Calvin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Irvine", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-05T23:09:28Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-05T23:09:28Z", "date_published": "2014-05-05T23:13:11Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8245/galley/4726/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8244, "title": "Masthead May 2014", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Masthead", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hz34156", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Calvin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Irvine", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-05-05T23:08:38Z", "date_accepted": "2014-05-05T23:08:38Z", "date_published": "2014-05-05T23:10:39Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8244/galley/4725/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44050, "title": "Implementing the Discharge Pilot Program at UCLA", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81k0c3xn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Michael ", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Pfeffer", "name_suffix": "MD, FACP", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael ", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Lazarus", "name_suffix": "MD, FACP", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-05-02T06:07:07Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44050/galley/32853/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 1978, "title": "Multi-storied Lives: Global Simulation as an Approach to Developing Multiliteracies in an Intermediate French Course", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent scholarship has proposed a pedagogy of multiliteracies to frame FL curricula and instruction, and encourage critical reflection about language use through a variety of discourses and textual genres. One pedagogical framework conducive to fostering learners’ intersemiotic awareness is Global Simulation (GS). GS consists in the creation of a culturally grounded, fictitious scenario, wherein students adopt specific character roles through which they enact discourse styles associated with their characters’ identities and the simulation’s attendant social demands. The adoption of characters reinforces the notion of literacies based on participation in a variety of discourses from the standpoint of particular social roles. This article reports on the development and implementation of a multiliteracies-based GS in fourth semester French applying a genre-based framework. First, we provide background on GS and its compatibility with multiliteracies and genre-based approaches. Next, we outline the framework and various texts and modules used in the course under study. Finally, we demonstrate through our findings the potential for this approach to foster learners’ awareness of language and other communication modes as social signifying practice, and their abilities to draw upon multiple Available Designs in making meaning.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "multiliteracies, global simulation, beliefs, FL education, French" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48q5m6vq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kristen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Michelson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Beatrice", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dupuy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-13T22:07:49Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-13T22:07:49Z", "date_published": "2014-05-01T19:51:42Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1978/galley/1311/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7958, "title": "Giant Hydronephrosis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "[West J Emerg Med. 2014; 15(4):356.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "emergency department" }, { "word": "Giant hydronephrosis" } ], "section": "Diagnostic Acumen", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74z0w431", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yalcin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Golcuk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Murat", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ozsarac", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Emrah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eseroglu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Celal Bayar University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mehmet", "middle_name": "Bilgehan", "last_name": "Yuksel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Celal Bayar University, Department of Urology, Manisa, Turkey", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-02T12:16:07Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-02T12:16:07Z", "date_published": "2014-05-01T00:45:20Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7958/galley/4614/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 7754, "title": "Novel Ultrasound Guidance System for Real-time Central Venous Cannulation: Safety and Efficacy", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Real-time ultrasound guidance is considered to be the standard of care for central venous access for non-emergent central lines. However, adoption has been slow, in part because of the technical challenges and time required to become proficient. The AxoTrack® system (Soma Access Systems, Greenville, SC) is a novel ultrasound guidance system recently cleared for human use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\nMethods: After FDA clearance, the AxoTrack® system was released to three hospitals in the United States. Physicians and nurse practitioners who work in the intensive care unit or emergency department and who place central venous catheters were trained to use the AxoTrack® system. De-identified data about central lines placed in living patients with the AxoTrack® system was prospectively gathered at each of the three hospitals for quality assurance purposes. After institutional review board approval, we consolidated the data for the first five months of use for retrospective review.\nResults: The AxoTrack® system was used by 22 different health care providers in 50 consecutive patients undergoing central venous cannulation (CVC) from September 2012 to February 2013. All patients had successful CVC with the guidance of the AxoTrack® system. All but one patient (98%) had successful cannulation on the first site attempted. There were no reported complications, including pneumothorax, hemothorax, arterial puncture or arterial cannulation.\nConclusion: The AxoTrack® system was a safe and effective means of CVC that was used by a variety of health care practitioners. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):536-540.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ultrasound, central venous access, procedures" }, { "word": "Emergency Medicine" }, { "word": "Procedures" }, { "word": "ultrasound" } ], "section": "Technology in Emergency Care", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28q1c3q1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Robinson", "middle_name": "Mark", "last_name": "Ferre", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mercier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Palmetto Health Baptist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia, South\nCarolina", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-04-02T00:02:00Z", "date_accepted": "2013-04-02T00:02:00Z", "date_published": "2014-05-01T00:43:09Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/7754/galley/4534/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 8008, "title": "Emergency Medicine Clerkship Directors: Current Work Force", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The emergency medicine clerkship director serves an important role in the education of medical students. The authors sought to update the demographic and academic profile of the emergency medicine clerkship director. Methods: We developed and implemented a comprehensive questionnaire, and used it to survey all emergency medicine clerkship directors at United States allopathic medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. We analyzed and interpreted data using descriptive statistics.Results: One hundred seven of 133 (80.4%) emergency medicine clerkship directors completed the survey. Clerkship Director’s mean age was 39.7 years (SD-7.2), they were more commonly male 68.2%, of Caucasian racial backgrounds and at the instructor or assistant professor (71.3%) level. The mean number of years of experience as clerkship director was 5.5 (SD-4.5). The mean amount of protected time for clerkship administration reported by respondents was 7.3 hours weekly (SD-5.1), with the majority (53.8%) reporting 6 or more hours of protected time per week. However, 32.7% of emergency medicine clerkship directors reported not having any protected time for clerkship administration. Most clerkship directors (91.6%) held additional teaching responsibilities beyond their clerkship and many were involved in educational research (49.5%). The majority (79.8%), reported being somewhat or very satisfied with their job as clerkship director. Conclusion: Most clerkship directors were junior faculty at the instructor or assistant professor rank and were involved with a variety of educational endeavors beyond the clerkship. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):498–403.]", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "emergency medicine clerkship director" } ], "section": "Emergency Department Administration", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06c3847s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Wald", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Sorabh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Khandelwal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Manthey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "P.", "last_name": "Way", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, Ohio", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Ander", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Lorraine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thibodeau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Albany Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany, New York", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-10-15T13:47:35Z", "date_accepted": "2013-10-15T13:47:35Z", "date_published": "2014-05-01T00:38:01Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/westjem/article/8008/galley/4637/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 41608, "title": "Middle Eocene trees of the Clarno Petrified Forest, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "One of the iconic fossils of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon, USA, is the Hancock Tree—a permineralized standing tree stump about 0.5 m in diameter and 2.5 m in height, embedded in a lahar of the Clarno Formation of middle Eocene age. We examined the wood anatomy of this stump, together with other permineralized woods and leaf impressions from the same stratigraphic level, to gain an understanding of the vegetation intercepted by the lahar. Wood of the Hancock Tree is characterized by narrow and numerous vessels, exclusively scalariform perforation plates, exclusively uniseriate rays, and diffuse axial parenchyma. These features and the type of vessel-ray parenchyma indicate affinities with the Hamamelidaceae, with closest similarity to the Exbucklandoideae, which is today native to Southeast and East Asia. The Hancock Tree is but one of at least 48 trees entombed in the same mudflow; 14 others have anatomy similar to the Hancock Tree; 20 have anatomy similar to \nPlatanoxylon haydenii\n (Platanaceae), two resemble \nScottoxylon eocenicum\n (probably in order Urticales). The latter two wood types occur in the nearby Clarno Nut Beds. Two others are distinct types of dicots, one with features seen in the Juglandaceae, the other of unknown affinities, and the rest are very poorly preserved and of unknown affinity. Leaf impressions in and immediately below the layer containing the trees include the extinct genera \nMacginitiea\n and \nPlatimeliphyllum\n (Platanaceae), and \nTrochodendroides\n (Saxifragales).", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Eocene, Clarno Formation, paleobotany, fossil wood, Hamamelidaceae, Platanaceae, wood anatomy" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20n1p06q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Elisabeth", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Wheeler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Manchester", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2014-04-28T21:44:00Z", "date_accepted": "2014-04-28T21:44:00Z", "date_published": "2014-04-28T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucmp_paleobios/article/41608/galley/31148/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 44001, "title": "Primary Hyperaldosteronism Presenting with Severe Hypokalemia", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m41x3gn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rumi ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cader", "name_suffix": "MD, MPH, FACP", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" }, { "first_name": "Huma ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hasnain", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aarthi ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arasu", "name_suffix": "MD", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-04-27T01:09:16Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/44001/galley/32805/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 1973, "title": "Film as Source Material in Advanced Foreign Language Classes", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This paper suggests new ways filmic texts might be employed in advanced foreign language classes. Typically, film has been seen as source material for broadening students’ vocabulary or for developing communicative competence. This paper considers what a close reading of a filmic text might offer foreign language educators and students by exploring how three semiotic systems—language, image, and music/sound—are employed in film to create meaning. Specifically, drawing on film’s employment of language in a rich audiovisual context, we demonstrate various tasks that move beyond the denotative function of language to develop students’ understanding of the relationship between utterances and the context in which they are made, as well as foster an understanding of how language is used subtly to obfuscate, evade, or project positions of power. Finally, we demonstrate how film might be used to develop students’ potential for using their second language (L2) to create meaning in new ways. The tasks we describe here address the goals of a foreign language curriculum as articulated in the MLA Report (2007) (developing students’ translingual and transcultural competence) and in the writings of Claire Kramsch (developing students’ symbolic competence; e.g., 2006).", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "symbolic competence, film" } ], "section": "Teachers' Forum", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qv811wv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kaiser", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Chika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shibahara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-08-11T19:22:13Z", "date_accepted": "2013-08-11T19:22:13Z", "date_published": "2014-04-25T19:52:31Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1973/galley/1307/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 1976, "title": "\"Something for Linguists\": On-the-fly Grammar Instruction in a Dutch as Foreign Language Classroom", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This article examines grammar instruction produced on the fly by a teacher in response to students' questions in a Dutch as foreign language classroom. Such sequences merit attention because they present teachers with the opportunity and the challenge to provide unplanned instruction on an aspect of grammar to which a student has shown herself to be attending. Using the tools of conversation analysis, we examine two sequences in which a student initiates talk about Dutch grammar and the teacher constructs a mini-lesson using talk, gesture and writing on the blackboard. In first, the teacher produces a paradigm, a practice used widely in linguistics and L2 education. In the second, he produces a contrastive pair, a common practice in linguistics. We consider tensions entailed in on-the-fly grammar instruction produced in response to students' questions.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "student questions, conversation analysis, Dutch, L2 grammar" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jj5z18h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Leslie", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Moore", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ohio State University", "department": "None" }, { "first_name": "Seo Hyun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Park", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Ohio State University", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-12T16:57:12Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-12T16:57:12Z", "date_published": "2014-04-25T19:49:37Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/l2/article/1976/galley/1310/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 293, "title": "The Habit of Meeting Together: Enacting Masculinity in a Men's Bible Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In American evangelical culture, men’s Bible studies are a key site for negotiating and reproducing ideologies about ‘godly masculinity.’ Here, the ideal of an evangelical man is modeled, tried on, and held up for inspection. In their gender performances, these young men draw from three different models of masculinity, each with its own superaddressee (Bakhtin, 1981) and gender schedule (Goffman, 1977). The two more widely-used models are associated with a more hegemonic young American masculinity and with an evangelical model of masculinity— models which directly conflict with one another in terms of their prescriptions for masculinity. Through such strategies as competitive but self-deprecating narration, use of military and sexual analogies, and humor rooted in the Bible, the men are able to simultaneously draw from these two conflicting models. In their interactions, these men also creatively navigate between the two by appealing to a highly local third model of masculinity associated with their local congregation. This model, which offers semiotic resources from ‘hipster’ or ‘intellectual’ culture, resists both of the more widely-used models.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Masculinity" }, { "word": "Christianity" }, { "word": "Language and Gender" }, { "word": "Non-Hegemonic Masculinity" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": false, "remote_url": null, "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Thor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sawin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of South Carolina", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2012-10-08T13:53:05Z", "date_accepted": "2012-10-08T13:53:05Z", "date_published": "2014-04-21T16:44:49Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/293/galley/85/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 292, "title": "The Pitfalls of Democracy and Debate: Authority and Inequality in Classrooms in Southeast Spain", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This article focuses on the role of teachers in shaping spoken interactions in civics education classrooms in southeast Spain. The main mode of instruction in such classes is what I call \ndialogic debate\n, a genre requiring agentive exchange among classroom participants and predicated upon the notion that competitive stancetaking yields salutary orientations toward contemporary life. Class discussions were to move youth toward critically reflexive and broadly humanist stances, but the oppositional exchanges that actually took place were at odds with the peaceful dispositions that the lessons were meant to inspire. I introduce the notion of \nontological status attribution\n—a variant of stancetaking resources well documented in the linguistic anthropological literature—to show that, in their quest to socialize youth to civic ideals, teachers fomented face-threatening classroom atmospheres in which developmental and cultural differences constituted key indexes of students’ perceived democratic fitness.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Civic Education" }, { "word": "Debate" }, { "word": "democracy" }, { "word": "Difference" }, { "word": "Immigration" }, { "word": "Spain" }, { "word": "Stance" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": false, "remote_url": null, "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taha", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2012-10-01T21:32:40Z", "date_accepted": "2012-10-01T21:32:40Z", "date_published": "2014-04-21T16:44:33Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/292/galley/84/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 289, "title": "Gestural Resonance: The Negotiation of Differential Form and Function in Embodied Action", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Many scholars have shown that gestures may be used to organize interactive engagement, including such things as turn-taking, participation, and narrative structure (e.g., Goodwin, 1984; Haddington, 2006). More recent work has shown that gestures may also serve as a type of dialogic embodied action (Arnold, 2012), connecting and relating utterances to one another and promoting engagement among speakers. However, within the research tradition that looks at the ways in which gestures resemble each other within interactional sequences, less attention has been given to examining how gestures are not simply reproduced but are actively negotiated as a crucial part of the meaning-making process. In this article, I will examine the ways in which participants negotiate the relationship between sequences of focal and iconic gestures that are formally and/or functionally related to each other. Similar to dialogic resonance in speech (Du Bois, 2007, 2010b), gestural resonance involves the activation of affinities across utterances—and here I take an utterance to be the interactionally gestalt boundaries of both speech and bodily behavior. While much previous work has focused on the ways in which gestural resemblance can promote agreement and understanding, here I investigate the relation of gestures by analyzing the differentials between gestures—that is, the degrees to which across-turn gestures are \nand are not \nthe same. The defining feature of gestural resonance is that gestures are actively reformulated to varying degrees in order to achieve a variety of interactional functions. That is, participants are—through embodied action—actively commenting on the semantic content of a prior gesture and, where present, its accompanying talk.", "language": "en", "license": null, "keywords": [ { "word": "Gesture" }, { "word": "Resonance" }, { "word": "Iconic" }, { "word": "Focal" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": false, "remote_url": null, "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shawn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Warner-Garcia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2012-09-14T18:09:26Z", "date_accepted": "2012-09-14T18:09:26Z", "date_published": "2014-04-21T16:44:14Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/clic_crossroads/article/289/galley/83/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 43959, "title": "A Case of Methanol Toxicity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clinical Vignette" } ], "section": "Article", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63g175s0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Neil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Patel", "name_suffix": "M.D.", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "Medicine" }, { "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Allred", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2014-04-20T21:15:56Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucladom_proceedings/article/43959/galley/32763/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5980, "title": "Exploring the Nuances, Ethicality and Functionality of ‘Consent’: Prior Informed Consent as a Legal Mechanism to Protect Malaysia’s Indigenous Communities’ Rights to Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Indigenous communities worldwide face a new type of capitalist accumulation by the outside world – not only are lands and livelihoods illegitimately seized, as has been the case throughout history, but today indigenous innovations and knowledge systems are commoditized and ascribed commercial value as they present a biotechnological and pharmaceutical marketplace. Researchers, corporations, and governments seek access to and ownership over native plant resources and their associated traditional knowledge, and often do so unjustly, unlawfully, and violently. Thorough and meaningful consent processes for the utilization of such knowledge are rarely undertaken by access-seekers, and when they are, they often have many problems. Governments additionally sideline and marginalize indigenous individuals from the political process that governs these resources. Methodologically, this study utilizes scholarly research to analyze current formal and informal frameworks used to protect such traditional knowledge systems, posing a comparative analysis of the international, national, and grass roots frameworks. It focuses largely on the legal concept of ‘Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC),’ its historical foundations, ethical boundaries, nuances, and the potential functionality of a mandatory FPIC policy governing indigenous biodiversity matters within Malaysian national law. The research concludes by detailing visits to and interviews with four indigenous communities in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak and in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, sharing locals’ concerns, hopes, and methods for knowledge protection, and recommendations for indispensable legislative action to be taken by both the state and federal governments of Malaysia and other biodiversity-rich countries.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "All rights reserved", "short_name": "Copyright", "text": "© the author(s). All rights reserved.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge, Consent, Free Prior Informed Consent" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hx9p158", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kaya", "middle_name": "Marie", "last_name": "Allan Sugerman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-26T06:50:48Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-26T06:50:48Z", "date_published": "2014-04-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5980/galley/3645/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 5957, "title": "Getting Our Feet Wet: Water Management at Mt. Laguna in Cleveland National Forest", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Integrated regional water management (IRWM) helps us to comprehend the ecological, political, and economic complexities of broad watershed regions in California. In this case study, stakeholder theory served as the framework for an assessment of water management at Mt. Laguna, CA, a rural community on the outskirts of San Diego, CA. After identifying stakeholders, I conducted interviews and surveys to gauge perspectives on water management at Mt. Laguna and to develop categories speaking to the major concerns. In addition, I used a document review to help understand the policy framework surrounding water management in this community. I created four categories: water scarcity and access, fire protection, environmental protection and recreation, and costs of infrastructure and water quality testing. A complex, fractured aquifer system led to disagreements about water scarcity in the region, which combined with rule of capture water law to illustrate how unbridled water extraction could lead to stresses and conflict. I identified fire protection as a top priority, demanding extensive water resources in the wake of the Cedar Fire of 2003. The U.S. Forest Service continues to balance conservation and recreational goals through environmental impact assessments. Finally, costs of infrastructure and water quality testing produced great strain on rural communities, particularly those less affluent than Mt. Laguna. To mitigate these conflicts, it is important that stakeholders develop an understanding of each other’s priorities and the ecological realities of the surrounding region, and participate in collaborative management. Low Impact Development measures to conserve water could also help alleviate conflicts.", "language": "en", "license": { "name": "All rights reserved", "short_name": "Copyright", "text": "© the author(s). All rights reserved.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/authors" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Groundwater, stakeholder theory, Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM), water scarcity, fire management" } ], "section": "Articles", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p04c1mj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "Cade", "last_name": "Mumby", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "None" } ], "date_submitted": "2013-09-23T04:56:54Z", "date_accepted": "2013-09-23T04:56:54Z", "date_published": "2014-04-19T07:00:00Z", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "", "type": "", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/our_buj/article/5957/galley/3640/download/" } ] } ] }