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{ "count": 39479, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=2800", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=2600", "results": [ { "pk": 49491, "title": "Does Language Stabilize Quantity Representations in Vision Transformers?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Whether language is essential, sufficient, or a tool for numerical cognition has been hotly debated. Here, we investigate the influence of language on quantity representations by comparing embeddings from vision-only Transformer models (ViTs) and vision-language models (VLMs) exposed to image pairs depicting either the same or different stimulus quantities. If linguistic exposure stabilises quantity representations, VLMs should produce more distinct representations for image pairs with differing numerosity and more similar representations for those with identical numerosity than ViTs. We operationalized this as the variance in Cosine Similarity in response to either categorical (same/different) or continuous differences in stimulus numerosity. We find that VLMs and ViTs are sensitive to the numerosity of visual stimuli, that this sensitivity increases with layer depth, and that VLMs exhibit slightly more sensitivity to image numerosity than ViTs. This work provides initial support for the claim that linguistic exposure can, in principle, stabilise quantity representations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Concepts and categories; Representation; Vision; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f03g251", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Pamela", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Riviere", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Oisin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Parkinson-Coombs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ETH", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cameron", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sean", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Trott", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49491/galley/37453/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49301, "title": "Does normality influence children's causal selections?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Our expectations about what normally occurs influence our explanations. In conjunctive causal structures, people tend to select the more abnormal cause. This tendency reverses in disjunctive structures, and people select the normal cause. It is currently unknown how these tendencies develop, and what factors contribute to their emergence in childhood. Across three experiments, we tested adults (n = 179) and 5- to 7-year-olds (n = 96) on two tasks where an abnormal and normal factor jointly caused an outcome. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that while adults' explanations varied according to the causal structure, children exclusively chose the normal cause, regardless of causal structure. Using a task with an intuitive and explicit causal mechanism, Experiment 3 found that children were more likely to select the abnormal cause in the conjunctive case than in previous experiments. This suggests that intuitions about causal mechanisms may facilitate adult-like judgments. We consider potential explanations, including the role of counterfactual reasoning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Philosophy; Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45v300gr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Salih", "middle_name": "Can", "last_name": "Ozdemir", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Caren", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Walker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49301/galley/37262/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50423, "title": "Does perceptual chunking facilitate predictive processing in spontaneous speech?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Surprisal theory holds that the processing difficulty of a word is determined by its predictability in context (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008). However, memory limitations hinder the integration of the full context, as evidenced by dependency locality effects (Gibson 1998). We propose that the local context for predictive processing may be established by cortical tracking of perceptual chunks, which are periodically occurring linguistic units (Giraud & Poeppel, 2012). We identified perceptual chunks in 97 extracts of natural speech using behavioural data. For each word, we derived surprisal values from GPT-2 based on three contexts: the full extract, the current perceptual chunk, and the previous three words. Surprisal conditioned on the chunk context was higher than on the full extract but lower than on the previous three words. This suggests that perceptual chunking may offer an optimal window for predictive processing within working memory capacity.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Predictive Processing" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qs4s0b9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Svetlana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vetchinnikova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Helsinki", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mikhail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zolotilin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Helsinki", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50423/galley/38385/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49667, "title": "Does Precision Affect Categorization? Magnitude Categorization and Measurement Scales", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do systems of measurement influence our conceptualization of relative magnitudes? This study investigates the cognitive interplay between measurement precision and magnitude categorization. By employing morphed shapes organized by an arbitrary dimension, we examine whether exposure to high- vs low-precision numerical systems affects conceptual judgments and well-known phenomena such as semantic distance and semantic congruity effects as found for familiar dimensions. Participants trained on novel scales revealed differences in their sensitivity that depended on the precision of the trained measurement system, consistent with high-precision systems leading to relatively expanded dimensional encodings compared to low-precision systems. Our findings also shed light on other topics such as the interplay of perception and language in learning novel dimensions and the association of directionality with a mental number line.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Concepts and categories; Learning; Perception; Semantics of language; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m08w40m", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ling", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Soyoung", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldstone", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49667/galley/37629/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50271, "title": "Does using LLMs in daily life help or hinder learning a second language?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "As AI tools become integral to daily life, evaluating their impact on human cognition and learning is essential. This study examines how AI-assisted writing (AIW) tools influence language development over six months. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group, using basic auto-correction (e.g., Grammarly), or an experimental group, using dialog-based large language model (LLM) tools (e.g., ChatGPT). Each month, all participants will write an English essay and reported on tool usage frequency and strategies. Preliminary findings after 1 month suggest diverse usage behaviors with AIW tools which may lead to varied outcomes in linguistic performance. These results provide insights into AI's role in fostering language growth and inform strategies for effective AI-enhanced writing practices. In July, we will be able to report 6 months of data.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Education; Psychology; Instruction and teaching; Language acquisition; Computer-based experiment; Field studies" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jh361fg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Wynter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Si-Qing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karimov", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Hartshorne", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50271/galley/38233/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49769, "title": "Do infants prefer owners over thieves?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Normative concerns for ownership fundamentally regulate social interaction regarding resources in humans, but little is known about origins of ownership inferences and evaluations tin earliest human development. Here, we ask if normative evaluations of ownership respect are rooted in an early-developing protomoral dispreference for those who violate ownership. Across two studies (N = 66) infants saw puppet shows where an owner was approached by a non-owner who attempted to take the owner's resource. Infants were subsequently allowed to choose between the two puppets. We controlled for the dominance implications of the outcomes of resource competition by systematically varying whether the non-owner or owner prevailed in attaining the resource. Both studies yielded clear Bayesian evidence that infants did not preferentially reach towards either the owner or ownership violator. These results suggest that infants do not hold strong negative evaluations of those who violate ownership.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Evolution; Social cognition; Developmental analysis; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73w7z3tp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Fonn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joakim", "middle_name": "Haugane", "last_name": "Zahl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lotte", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thomsen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49769/galley/37731/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49999, "title": "Do infants use cues of saliva sharing to infer close relationships? A replication of Thomas et al. (2022)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In their 2022 study, Thomas and colleagues found that when observing third-party interactions, infants, toddlers, and children might use saliva-sharing as a cue for inferring relationship thickness. The present study is the first external attempt to replicate their key findings with infants aged 8.5 to 10 months (n = 50). We used the original stimuli and the original design, but instead of running the study online and coding gaze direction manually from video recordings, we tested infants in a laboratory and measured gaze behavior with an eye tracker. Our study successfully replicated one of the main findings of the original study (longer looking at the saliva-sharing actress) while failing to replicate the other one (looking first at the saliva-sharer). These findings confirm that infants rely on certain behavioral cues for mapping social relationships among third-party individuals.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Social cognition; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wr3w1dw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Beyza Gokcen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ciftci", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Kominsky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gergely", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Csibra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49999/galley/37961/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49333, "title": "Do Large Language Models Have a Planning Theory of Mind? Evidence from MindGames: a Multi-Step Persuasion Task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent evidence suggests that Large Language Models (LLMs) display Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities. However, experiments with LLMs typically assess only *spectatorial* ToM, where LLMs merely predict other agents' behavior, rather than *planning*. In contrast, ToM in humans also contributes to dynamically *planning action* and *intervening* on others' mental states. We present a novel task of such a `planning theory of mind' (PToM), which requires agents to infer an interlocutor's beliefs and desires and persuade them to alter their behavior. We find that humans significantly outperform o1 (an LLM) at our task, even though o1 outperforms humans in a baseline condition which requires minimal mental state inferences. The results suggest that LLM performance at other ToM tasks may be attributable to simpler predictive abilities, while people excel at counterfactual planning when reasoning about others' behavior. Our paper is here: https://jaredmoore.org/mindgames", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Causal reasoning; Decision making; Theory of Mind; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g42c17d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jared", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moore", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rasmus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Overmark", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of St. Andrews", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ned", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cooper", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Australian National University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Beba", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cibralic", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haber", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cameron", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49333/galley/37294/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49397, "title": "Do Large Language Models Reason Causally Like Us? Even Better?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Causal reasoning is a core component of intelligence. Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating human-like text, raising questions about whether their responses reflect true understanding or statistical patterns. We compared causal reasoning in humans and four LLMs using tasks based on collider graphs, rating the likelihood of a query variable occurring given evidence from other variables. \nLLMs' causal inferences ranged from often nonsensical (GPT-3.5) to human-like to often more normatively aligned than those of humans (GPT-4o, Gemini-Pro, and Claude). Computational model fitting showed that one reason for GPT-4o, Gemini-Pro, and Claude's superior performance is they didn't exhibit the \"associative bias'' that plagues human causal reasoning. Nevertheless, even these LLMs did not fully capture subtler reasoning patterns associated with collider graphs, such as \"explaining away\". These findings underscore the need to assess AI biases as they increasingly assist human decision-making.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Causal reasoning; Language understanding; Machine learning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t5733z4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hanna", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Dettki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brenden", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lake", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NYU", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Charley", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bob", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rehder", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49397/galley/37359/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49963, "title": "Do Large Language Models Recognize and Utilize Non-Mandated Pragmatic Enrichments?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large language models (LLMs), despite being trained primarily on a word prediction task, show remarkable language production and comprehension abilities. Whereas larger and more recent models have achieved partial success on various pragmatic tasks, most have only been evaluated on their ability to draw \"mandated\" pragmatic inferences (e.g., implicature, presupposition) in which the felicity of a sentence is at stake. In this study, we focus on conversational elicitures (Cohen & Kehler, 2021), a type of non-mandated pragmatic inference that, in the class of cases considered here, involves the potential inference of a causal relation between a proposition denoted by a matrix clause and one derived from a relative clause associated with a direct object (e.g., in sentences like \"Melissa detests the children who are arrogant and rude\", the inference that the detesting is a result of the arrogance/rudeness). We investigate whether LLMs are able to draw such inferences and use them in downstream syntactic processing. Our results suggest that larger and more recent models do in fact exhibit these capabilities, at least to some degree.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Pragmatics; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w22m80s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Dingyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kehler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49963/galley/37925/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49383, "title": "Do Large Language Models Truly Grasp Mathematics? An Empirical Exploration from Cognitive Psychology", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The cognitive mechanism by which Large Language Models (LLMs) solve mathematical problems remains a widely debated and unresolved issue. Currently, there is little interpretable experimental evidence that connects LLMs' problem-solving with human cognitive psychology. To determine whether LLMs possess human-like mathematical reasoning, we modified the problems used in the human Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). Our results show that even with the use of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompts, mainstream LLMs, including the o1 model (noted for its reasoning capabilities), have a high error rate when solving these modified CRT problems. Specifically, the average accuracy rate dropped by up to 50% compared to the original problems. Further analysis of LLMs' incorrect answers suggests that they primarily rely on pattern matching from their training data, which aligns more with human intuition (System 1 thinking) rather than with human-like reasoning (System 2 thinking). This finding challenges the belief that LLMs have genuine mathematical reasoning abilities comparable to humans. As a result, this work may adjust overly optimistic views on LLMs' progress toward Artificial General Intelligence.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Reasoning; Comparative Analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24x9t7s1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shuoyoucheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhenhua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiaobing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Enze", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Computer Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hanying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Computer Science and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49383/galley/37345/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49728, "title": "Do Large Vision-Language Models Distinguish between the Actual and Apparent Features of Illusions?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Research has begun exploring the performance of large vision language models (LVLMs) in recognizing illusions. However, studies often have not distinguished actual and apparent features, leading to ambiguous assessments of machine cognition. \nWe introduce a visual question answering (VQA) dataset, categorized into genuine and fake illusions. Genuine illusions present discrepancies between actual and apparent features, whereas fake illusions have the same actual and apparent features even though they look illusory. We evaluate the performance of LVLMs for genuine and fake illusion VQA tasks and investigate whether the models discern actual and apparent features. Our findings indicate that although LVLMs may appear to recognize illusions by correctly answering questions about both feature types, they predict the same answers for both Genuine Illusion and Fake Illusion VQA questions. This suggests that their responses might be based on prior knowledge of illusions rather than genuine visual understanding.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Natural Language Processing; Perception; Vision; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76m3w8tq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Taiga", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shinozaki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Keio University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tomoki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Doi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Watahiki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Satoshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nishida", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institute of Information and Communications Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hitomi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yanaka", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "the University of Tokyo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49728/galley/37690/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49616, "title": "Do our theories of moral progress predict whether we vote? Evidence from the 2024 US election", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Why do people vote—or fail to? We explore whether people's intuitive theories of moral progress shape their intentions and behavior. Specifically, does believing that human action is the driver of moral progress predict voting intention and actual voting behavior? In Study 1a (N=356), conducted one week before the 2024 U.S. presidential election, participants who endorsed stronger beliefs in human action as necessary for moral progress reported stronger voting intentions, mediated by a greater sense of personal responsibility. Study 1b (N=287), conducted post-election, found that human action beliefs did not directly predict actual voting, but indirectly predicted voting when mediated by responsibility. Efficacy (believing that voting is effective) was the only significant predictor of actual voting. Together, these findings highlight the role of personal responsibility and efficacy in driving voting behavior, with potential implications for the role of lay theories in shaping intentions and behavior more broadly.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97v39801", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Casey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lewry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tania", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lombrozo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49616/galley/37578/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50287, "title": "Do People Value Plants Over Non-Living Entities? Moral Considerations in Adults and Young Children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Is it more wrong to harm a plant than a rock? Little is known about the development of our moral consideration for plants—alive but not typically seen as having human-like minds. This study examined whether adults (N=153) and young children (pilot N=17) tend to value plants over non-living things. Participants watched a video of a plant restorer caring for a plant but knocking down a bucket and a plant harmer caring for a bucket but knocking down a plant. The proportion of adults who disliked or distrusted the plant harmer, and identified them as the bad guy—compared to the plant restorer—was significantly greater than chance (ps<.001). Additionally, participants judged harming the plant more severely than harming the bucket (p<.001). Although children judged harming the plant and bucket as similarly wrong, 65% of them liked the plant restorer more. After completing data collection, we will examine developmental differences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dv8f8dz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lizette", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pizza", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Thomas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50287/galley/38249/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49809, "title": "Do perceivers contribute to object perception?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we argue that the contributions of perceivers to object perception can substantially affect what objects are represented in perceptual experience. To capture the scalar nature of these perceiver-contingent contributions, we discuss two grades of subject-dependency in object perception. The first grade, weak subject-dependency, concerns attentional changes to perceptual content like, for instance, when a perceiver is turning her head, plugging her ears, or her attention is primed for a particular cue. The second grade, strong subject-dependency, concerns generating perceptual objects whose existence depends upon their perceivers' sensory contributions. We offer evidence from the future-directed anticipation of perceptual experts and from the feature binding of synesthetes to exemplify this nonstandard, subject-dependent form of object perception. We conclude that strongly subject-dependent perceptual objects are more than mere material objects, but are rather a necessary combination of material objects with the contributions of a perceiving subject.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Philosophy; Psychology; Perception; Representation; Sensory Processing; Vision" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8057r6jx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Spencer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ivy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warsaw", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aleksandra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mroczko-Wasowicz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warsaw", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49809/galley/37771/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50452, "title": "Do speech models use phonological features?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Distributional and phonetic considerations lead linguists to posit that speakers represent phones as members of overlapping natural classes (ex., labials {[p, b, m]}, nasals {[m, n, Å‹]}), which can be represented in a feature system ([+labial], or [+nasal]). Choices of values {-, +, 0} and features {labial, nasal} in this system make different predictions about what classes are accessible targets for generalization (Mayer 2020). Building on the hypothesis that LLMs and humans share the objective of resource-rational analysis of their environment (Leider & Griffiths 2019), we assess the canonical correlation between different proposed feature systems and representations of sounds they describe in self-supervised deep learning models trained on speech, HuBERT and Wav2Vec2. We also examine differences in representational similarity of phones implied by these alignments. We find that although differences in canonical correlations between feature systems and model representations are small, they have qualitatively distinct error patterns for novel data.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Machine learning; Phonology; Representation; Neural Networks; Statistics" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tk25956", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Canaan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Breiss", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gauthier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Francisco", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50452/galley/38414/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49207, "title": "Do Whales Have Hair? Are Whales Mammals? Identifying Synchronic Inconsistencies Among Beliefs", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Inconsistency among beliefs is a hallmark of irrationality. Despite longstanding interest in inconsistency in philosophy and psychology, empirical evidence of synchronically held inconsistencies among people's belief has proven elusive. Here, across two pre-registered experiments (Ns = 500, 274), we identify inconsistent beliefs simultaneously held by individual participants. Drawing on Sommer et al.'s (2023) proposal that accessibility in memory helps people achieve consistent beliefs, we constructed sets of questions that facilitated or hindered the accessibility of relevant knowledge. Our results support the proposal that consistency is enforced when beliefs are simultaneously accessible, rather than resulting from exhaustive consistency-checking. We find that when participants have simultaneous access to inconsistent beliefs—even regarding inconsequential general knowledge topics—they tend to revise their beliefs toward consistency. Furthermore, we experimentally distinguish an alternative explanation that the inconsistencies we evoked are merely inconsistent responses. Taken together, our results suggest that inconsistency among beliefs may be common, arising when inconsistencies are inaccessible.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Philosophy; Psychology; Other; Reasoning; Semantic memory" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q21q4kf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sommer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tania", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lombrozo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49207/galley/37168/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49207/galley/38713/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50197, "title": "Do you like a robot that makes mistake? Preliminary study on changing evaluations of a robot that makes mistake in collaborative task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study explores the human evaluation of a robot's behavior when it makes a mistake during a collaborative task, particularly concerning the success or failure of the individual. We conducted an experiment where an interactive robot collaborated with participants to estimate and report the number of balls and rods in 2D/3D models built using magnetic balls and rod toys. The participants were also required to provide their estimates, and occasionally both made mistakes because of time constraints and parts that were invisible from different views. The experimental results showed that participants evaluated the robot's failures more favorably when they failed than when they succeeded. This suggests that the participants' outcomes may have influenced their perception of the robot's behavior. These findings contribute to the development of a robot that fosters better relationships with humans and deepens our understanding of the psychological effects involved in evaluations within social interactions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Human Factors; Human-computer interaction; Intelligent agents" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23c6p557", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Masahide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yuasa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shonan Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Reina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miyata", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shonan Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50197/galley/38159/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49609, "title": "Do Young Children Learn Words from the Company they Keep?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The challenge of early word learning is often framed as one of individually mapping words to their referents. Yet children do not experience words just as individual labels, but as parts of broader language contexts, such as conversations and stories. In principle, word contexts might support word learning because words similar in meaning tend to occur in similar contexts. Thus, a child who knows some fruit words and has heard them in the context of \"juicy\" might learn that a \"juicy mango\" is also a fruit even without ever seeing a mango. Although children can use such contextual support to learn words in the lab, we do not know whether they harness contextual support in everyday language for real-world word learning. We quantified words' contextual support in children's everyday language input and found that it reliably predicted normative word learning, even accounting for other established predictors such as word frequency.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Language acquisition; Natural Language Processing; Statistical learning; Corpus studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34x7w37k", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Layla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Unger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of York", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "James", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of York", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49609/galley/37571/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49348, "title": "DPMT: Dual Process Multi-scale Theory of Mind Framework for Real-time Human-AI Collaboration", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Real-time human-artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration is crucial yet challenging, especially when AI agents must adapt to diverse and unseen human behaviors in dynamic scenarios. Existing large language model (LLM) agents often fail to accurately model the complex human mental characteristics such as domain intentions, especially in the absence of direct communication. To address this limitation, we propose a novel dual process multi-scale theory of mind (DPMT) framework, drawing inspiration from cognitive science's dual process theory. Our DPMT framework incorporates a multi-scale theory of mind (ToM) module to facilitate robust human partner modeling through mental characteristic reasoning. Experimental results demonstrate that DPMT significantly enhances human-AI collaboration, and ablation studies further validate the contributions of our multi-scale ToM in the slow system.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Human-computer interaction; Intelligent agents; Theory of Mind; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63r4d8b2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Xiyun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yining", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ding", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nankai University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuhua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "tsinghua university", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yunlong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Runpeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shuang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuanhua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nankai University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yiqin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49348/galley/37309/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49528, "title": "Drawing Privacy: How Children Conceptualize Regulation and Content Across Development", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Children's understanding of privacy develops as they navigate both physical and digital spaces. This study examines how children aged 3- to 13- years-old conceptualize privacy through their drawings, analyzing data from the Privacy Illustrated dataset. We explored two key dimensions: regulation (mechanisms controlling access, such as doors) and content (what children consider private, such as bedrooms or intellectual property). Our findings suggest that as children get older, they are more likely to view privacy as something that can be actively managed using physical barriers and control mechanisms. In contrast, younger children often depicted privacy as simply being alone. Content-related depictions remained relatively stable across ages, though older children included more abstract ideas, such as digital privacy. This study provides a novel framework for examining privacy development, highlighting distinct but interrelated dimensions of privacy.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qw2d0vp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kyla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sarmiento", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Petriw", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Erica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pouteau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shaylene", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Nancekivell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49528/galley/37490/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49724, "title": "Dual-Branch EEG Decoding Method for Collaborative Multi-Brain Motor Imagery", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Collaborative multi-brain motor imagery is an innovative brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm that records and decodes brain signals from multiple individuals to collectively complete motor imagery tasks. However, existing decoding methods often rely on techniques such as averaging, concatenating, or cross-brain coupling of data or features, and lack coordination between single-brain and multi-brain decision-making in this context. To address this, we propose a dual-branch electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding method that jointly learns private and shared domain information. The method employs a Siamese network for private common spatial pattern (CSP) learning and a feature-sharing network for shared features, then combines the outputs for classification. Experiments with EEG data demonstrated a 10.27% improvement over the single-brain scenario and a 9% improvement over state-of-the-art methods. This approach effectively integrates private and shared domain learning, advancing collaborative BCI technology.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Human-computer interaction; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w997179", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiaxuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Qin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Li", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiangxu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jinda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wanzeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49724/galley/37686/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49452, "title": "Dual-Path Parallel Graph Convolution Combining Brain Region Partitioning and Data-Driven Learning for EEG Emotion Recognition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Electroencephalogram (EEG) has become an important indicator reflecting emotions. Due to its natural graph structure characteristics, it has made significant progress in the emotional recognition using graph convolutional networks (GCN). However, existing methods face limitations: (1) insufficient integration of psychological prior knowledge, limiting the utilization of brain activity patterns, and (2) simplistic node relationship construction, neglecting the universality and functional connectivity of brain regions. Therefore, we propose a dual-path parallel graph convolutional network (DP-GCN). The first path leverages psychological prior knowledge to segment electrodes into brain regions and employs an attention mechanism to integrate features. The second approach employs a data-driven method, using a sparse stacked autoencoder to reconstruct brain region features, while a learnable, input-independent adjacency matrix captures EEG patterns associated with emotions. Finally, a cross-attention mechanism integrates features from both paths. DP-GCN has been evaluated on public dataset, achieving an accuracy of 82.69%±4.16%, demonstrating its competitive performance.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Emotion; Human-computer interaction; Electroencephalography (EEG); Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93z7n92n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zirui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Electronic and information engineering", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ruowen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Qu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "South China University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jianxiu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "South China University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "LIN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SHU", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "South China University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jinghua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trademark Examination Cooperation Center Of Zhengzhou", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49452/galley/37414/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50154, "title": "Dynamic Inter-brain Synchrony in Real-life Creative Problem Solving in Teams: an fNIRS-based Hyperscanning Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The ability to solve problems creatively is a pivotal characteristic of human brain, yet its underlying neural mechanism remains largely unknown. Previous hyperscanning studies mainly analyzed the entire time series of brain signals to reveal an overall pattern of inter-brain synchrony (IBS) during social interaction. However, we argue that this approach might not be able to capture the dynamic properties of inter-brain interaction. In this study, we proposed a novel approach based on sliding windows and k-mean clustering to identify the dynamic modulation of IBS patterns during an interactively creative problem-solving task. Results showed that inter-personal communication could be characterized as a series of dynamic and modular IBS states along the task. Besides, the transition of dynamic IBS states was highly correlated with the dyad's creativity ability. In sum, the proposed approach holds great promise for advancing our current understanding of the dynamic neurocognitive processes underlying social interaction.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Creativity; Problem Solving; Social cognition; fNIRS" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33k753zc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "YUHANG", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LI", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Macau", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rihui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Macau", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50154/galley/38116/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49156, "title": "DynamicRL: Data-Driven Estimation of Trial-by-Trial Reinforcement Learning Parameters", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In uncertain and dynamic environments, biological agents must adapt their decision-making strategies to maximize rewards. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) models typically assume that such adaptation is governed by dynamic value updates controlled by fixed parameters or predefined schedules. However, these assumptions limit the models' ability to capture the flexible and context-sensitive nature of biological decision-making. To overcome this limitation, we introduce \\textit{DynamicRL}, a novel framework that estimates RL parameters from behavioral data on a trial-by-trial basis. We demonstrate that DynamicRL substantially improves the predictive performance of standard RL models across eight decision-making tasks, thereby reducing scientific regret.\n\nDynamicRL captures the rich temporal variability inherent in decision-making behavior, achieving predictive performance comparable to that of recurrent neural networks trained directly on the data, while preserving the interpretability and theoretical grounding of RL models. Moreover, it enables the examination of how agents dynamically adjust RL parameters in response to environmental changes, offering insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying such adaptations. Thus, DynamicRL serves as a efficient data-driven framework for estimating RL parameters, facilitating fine-grained behavioral analysis with potential applications in computational psychiatry and neuroscience.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72m5z44g", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hua-Dong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "JIAN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LI", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcelo", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Mattar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Tech", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49156/galley/37117/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49156/galley/38662/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49787, "title": "Dynamics of topic exploration in conversation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Conversations are intricately structured forms of social interaction in which talkers move through interconnected topics with nested levels of semantic specificity. What principles govern how conversational partners jointly navigate an expansive topic space? To characterize these dynamics, we introduce a new dataset of annotated topic shifts from N=1,505 annotators on 200 distinct video call conversations between strangers (Reece et al., 2023). Conversational dyads made stochastic but systematic transitions between topics, and within individual topics, we find that dyads begin concentrated in semantic space before dispersing to more idiosyncratic regions as topics progress. The same dispersion pattern also holds over entire conversations, providing quantitative evidence for nested levels of increasing specificity over conversations. Overall, our findings suggest that strangers get to know one another through systematic exploration of topic space, revealing hierarchical structure in idle talk.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Natural Language Processing; Semantics of language; Corpus studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15d3808f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Helen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schmidt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Claire", "middle_name": "Augusta", "last_name": "Bergey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Changyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin - Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chelsea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Helion", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hawkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49787/galley/37749/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50255, "title": "Early Engineering Identity: Examining Competence, Interest, and Affect", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Early childhood beliefs play a crucial role in shaping engineering engagement. This study examines how engineering competence and interest vary across gender, race/ethnicity, and age among children aged 5–12 (n= 16; data collection ongoing), exploring the relationship between identity-related beliefs and task performance in a hands-on science museum. Participants were assessed on engineering-related perceived competence and interests, and parent's beliefs. Measures were correlated with persistence and effectiveness in an engineering activity (build a tinfoil boat) linked to problem-solving/creativity. Preliminary results suggest that boys and girls did not differ significantly in engineering perceived competence or interest. Girls were able to support twice as many marbles (25) in their created boat than were boys (12). Age weakly positively correlated with task performance. Our findings show no major gender differences in interest or perceived competence at these young ages, and could inform strategies to enhance STEM engagement among diverse learners.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Emotion; Skill acquisition and learning; Developmental analysis; Field studies; Survey; Verbal protocol studies" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s85x8f0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rayna", "middle_name": "Bethanie", "last_name": "Manchala", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Freya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sjoqvist", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "Ilana", "last_name": "Stepleman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Treadway", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jane", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Childers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50255/galley/38217/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49693, "title": "Early Evaluations of Caregivers Who Help and Hinder Safe and Dangerous Goals", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Two experiments collected third-party evaluations from U.S. 4–5-year-old children (N = 80) who heard stories about caregivers helping or hindering their infants' achievement of safe, dangerous, or ambiguous goals. Children's evaluations were sensitive to danger: They switched from positively evaluating parents who helped access safe objects, to negatively evaluating those who helped access dangerous objects. Older children offered robustly positive evaluations of parents who protectively hindered access to dangerous objects, but younger participants were more likely to negatively evaluate these parents. Given a moderately risky goal that participants themselves judged as unsafe, children's evaluations of helping and hindering were mixed, though there was preliminary evidence of a developmental shift. These findings show that young children go beyond basic inferences about whether an act promotes or hampers another agent's goal when considering whether the action was good or bad. Instead, young children consider the broader consequences for the target's welfare.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Reasoning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qp5q0pk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rodney", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tompkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lindsey", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Powell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCSD", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49693/galley/37655/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49722, "title": "Early experiences shape children's explore-exploit decisions: evidence from the rural-urban gap", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Explore-exploit decisions begin to emerge early in life, and those raised in different childhoods, such as urban and rural settings with various childhood conditions, may develop distinct exploration preferences. However, existing research presents conflicting evidence: some studies suggest that lower-quality early experiences lead to a heightened sensitivity to risk or stress, resulting in a tendency toward over-exploitation, while others argue that higher-quality early experiences can promote cognitive development, enabling children to exhibit a more adult-like, exploitative tendency. To investigate the impact of early life experiences on explore-exploit decisions, we compared the responses of urban and rural children in an explore-exploit task within a reward collection game. Our findings indicate that urban children tend to favor exploitation and achieve better reward performance. These rural-urban differences highlight the need for further research into how cognitive maturity and developmental stage shape explore-exploit choices, with the potential for extending these findings across a range of scenarios.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Development; Learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mh3v6b5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yijin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Huiwen Alex", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stella", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Christie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49722/galley/37684/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50326, "title": "Early Neurophysiological Signatures of Multi-digit Number Length Processing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Hindu-Arabic numeral system associates number length and value. This study investigated number length encoding in multi-digit number processing while controlling for overall visual size. Using scribbled line patterns to equalize visual extent, participants (N=27) compared tie numbers to a fixed standard (\"555\"), creating congruent (e.g., \"6666\" vs. \"555\") and incongruent (e.g., \"77\" vs. \"555\") conditions where number/string length and numerical value matched or conflicted. Targets were compared based on numerical value or string length. Findings revealed three distinct processing stages: First, enhanced N1 negativity (120-150 ms) at parieto-occipital sites reflected early length encoding, with greater amplitudes for larger string-length distances. Second, decreased P2p amplitudes (150-190 ms) at parietal sites varied with both numerical and string-length distances, indicating refined magnitude processing. Finally, decreased P3 amplitudes (300-360 ms) at central sites for incongruent trials reflected cognitive conflict resolution. These findings provide novel evidence consistent with an early number length encoding mechanism.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv4v05v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nadav", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Neumann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ariel University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pinhas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ariel University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50326/galley/38288/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49762, "title": "Ease of Access to Information Does Not Impact Curiosity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "For some learning problems, information is readily available. For others, substantial time and effort is needed to acquire information. The present work tests whether this variation in \"information accessibility\" affects curiosity. In two experiments, we prompted adult participants to rate their curiosity about the answers to trivia questions. For each trivia question, participants were informed that information accessibility would be high—they would receive the answer with minimal time and effort—or low—they would receive the answer with substantial time and effort. We found that information accessibility affected decisions to seek information, but not self-reported curiosity. This suggests that curiosity is unhindered by the practical costs of information search.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x45g6v6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Liquin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of New Hampshire", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49762/galley/37724/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49555, "title": "ECCoT: A Framework for Enhancing Effective Cognition via Chain of Thought in Large Language Model", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In the era of large-scale artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing. However, they often lack transparency and generate unreliable outputs, raising concerns about their interpretability. To address this, the Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting method structures reasoning into step-by-step deductions. Yet, not all reasoning chains are valid, and errors can lead to unreliable conclusions. We propose ECCoT, an End-to-End Cognitive Chain of Thought Validation Framework, to evaluate and refine reasoning chains in LLMs. ECCoT integrates the Markov Random Field-Embedded Topic Model (MRF-ETM) for topic-aware CoT generation and Causal Sentence-BERT (CSBert) for causal reasoning alignment. By filtering ineffective chains using structured ordering statistics, ECCoT improves interpretability, reduces biases, and enhances the trustworthiness of LLM-based decision-making. Key contributions include the introduction of ECCoT, MRF-ETM for topic-driven CoT generation, and CSBert for causal reasoning enhancement.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer Science; Linguistics; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pk8v76m", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zhenke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhongnan University of Economics and Law", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiqun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhongnan University of Economics and Law", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhongnan University of Economics and Law", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiaoyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhongnan University of Economics and Law", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "wang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "yanqing", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhongnan University of Economics and Law", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49555/galley/37517/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50346, "title": "EEG Delta-Beta Coupling in 2-year-old Offspring of Pregnant Persons Receiving a Diet-and-Exercise Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial Follow-up", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Background: Delta-beta coupling (DBC) is a neural marker of emotion regulation (ER), with elevated DBC linked to cortical over-processing of emotional stimuli. This study investigates the effects of the Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) intervention, combining a high-protein, energy-controlled diet, nutrition counseling, and physical activity, on offspring DBC.\nMethods: Pregnant individuals received either the BHIP intervention or usual care. Twenty-four offspring at follow-up completed resting-state EEG at age two using a 128-channel system. DBC was quantified as the correlation coefficient between delta (2–4Hz) and beta (13–30Hz) power across epochs. Group differences were analyzed using Fisher's Z-tests.\nResults: BHIP offspring exhibited significantly lower DBC in frontal (p=.017), central (p=.014), and parietal (p=.009) regions compared to controls.\nConclusion: Reduced DBC reflects a neural profile linked to efficient ER, enabling context-appropriate cognitive resource allocation. These findings suggest prenatal diet and exercise potentially modulate neurodevelopment, warranting validation in larger, more diverse cohorts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Neuroscience; Psychology; Emotion; Speech recognition; Clinical methods; cognitive neuropsychology; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d83j59r", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yousefi Kousha", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krzeczkowski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brock University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Neda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moratji", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van Lieshout", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50346/galley/38308/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49637, "title": "Effective but untrustworthy: How artificial intelligence bias opposing human bias affects judgments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Today, people make judgments with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance in many situations, such as medical diagnoses. Although many studies have examined the effects of AI assistance, they have mainly focused on aspects of AI (e.g., AI's accuracy). Here, we emphasize the importance of interactions between AI and human biases. A highly accurate AI may not always be a promising intervention; rather, AI with biases (especially in the direction opposite to individuals' biases) may work effectively because AI's biases may cancel out individuals' biases (e.g., individuals' overestimation bias may be corrected by AI's underestimation bias). We investigated these is-sues using a simple perceptual task assuming medical judgments. First, computer simulations showed that appropriate AI assistance would differ depending on individuals' prior beliefs. Behavioral experiments demonstrated that AI with biases in the direction opposite to participants' biases could effectively reduce their biases. However, participants tended to evaluate AI with biases in the same direction as their own and considered it more trustworthy. Our theoretical and empirical results raise questions about conventional beliefs that more accurate, trustworthy AI should be better. Our findings will provide practical implications for designing AI as a collaborator of people.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Interactive behavior; Computational Modeling; Computer-based experiment; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74g6w6fw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Masaru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shirasuna", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hidehito", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Honda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Otemon Gakuin University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kagawa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "AIST", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49637/galley/37599/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50484, "title": "Effective connectivity analysis in children: exploring the impact of the dorsal and ventral part of inferior frontal gyrus on phonological and orthographic processing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Learning to read requires the integration of top-down and bottom-up processing of orthographic and phonological information. This study investigates how the dorsal and ventral inferior frontal gyrus (dIFG and vIFG) interact with posterior regions, including the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) and temporoparietal cortex (pSTG-SMG), during a visual word rhyming task. Using Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) on fMRI data from children aged 10 to 17 years, we examine directional influences among these regions under four conditions involving phonological and orthographic conflict and non-conflict. We hypothesize that dIFG exerts stronger top-down influence than vIFG, particularly under conditions of conflict. Additional hypotheses address the balance between top-down and bottom-up influences, region-specific effects of phonological and orthographic conflict, and the relationship between top-down modulation and reading skills. Data collection is complete, with 72 participants assessed, and analyses are underway. This pre-registered study aims to advance understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying reading development and inform interventions for reading difficulties.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Phonology; Reading; Computational Modeling; fMRI" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91x3v371", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiuru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Neelima", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wagley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Arizona State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dr. James", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Booth", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50484/galley/38446/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49499, "title": "Effect-prompting shifts the narrative framing of networked interactions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Narrative interaction plays an important role in shaping people's beliefs and behaviors both online and in the offline world. We present an experiment examining whether a simple intervention of effect prompting---asking participants to list the effects of complex events---impacts the narrative framing of their networked interactions. After reading a text-based narrative about the Fukushima nuclear disaster, participants in a fully connected network interacted with their neighbors and received rewards for submitting hashtags that matched those of their network partners. Half of the groups received an \\textit{effect-prompting} intervention, which shifted participants toward producing more effect-oriented hashtags during networked interactions. We found that the effect-prompting instruction influenced the hashtags participants generated during the network interaction. However, the extent of this shift in hashtags depended on how likely the group was to achieve global coherence.We also examined these dynamics with networks of interacting large language model (LLM) agents using Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct. The study highlights how language-based prompting can subtly shift the narrative framing of online communication.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Interactive behavior; Natural Language Processing; Reasoning; Agent-based Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ks586fq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hunter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Priniski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bryce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Linford", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Darren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fred", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morstatter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Southern California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeff", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brantingham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hongjing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49499/galley/37461/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50084, "title": "Effects of AI Explanation Length on User Trust and Acceptance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigated how the length of AI-generated text explanations in Japanese influences trust and acceptance in a route selection task, a subjective decision-making task. Experiment 1 demonstrated that AI explanations increased trust and acceptance compared with no explanation; however, there was no significant difference between the effects of 100- and 300-character explanations. Experiment 2 further explored the threshold of explanation length by including 50- and 1,000-character explanations. The results showed that 300- and 1,000-character explanations increased acceptance compared to 50-character explanations; however, no differences emerged among the 100-, 300-, and 1,000-character explanations. Additionally, trust ratings were unaffected by explanation length. These results suggest that AI explanations have a threshold; in this study, AI explanations exceeding 100 characters in Japanese (approximately 50 words in English) did not lead to further changes in users' decisions to accept or reject AI recommendations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Human-computer interaction; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jt332w6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Akihiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maehigashi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Seiji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yamada", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institute of Informatics", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50084/galley/38046/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49479, "title": "Effects of jointly recalling emotions in dyads on emotional valence and arousal: A preregistered study using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Emotions play a crucial role in social interactions, yet little is known about the effects of experiencing emotions together with others on expressed emotional valence and arousal. We compared changes in adults' body posture when recalling experiences of positive and negative basic emotions (happiness & sadness) and social emotions (pride & shame), either jointly (dyadic condition) or by themselves (individual condition). To capture the dynamic unfolding of the emotional experience, we used a novel depth sensor imaging technique based on LiDAR- technology integrated in a commercial tablet. Adults (N = 80) displayed greater postural chest-height elevation and upper-body chest expansion (measuring valence) following positive compared to negative emotion recalls. Furthermore, participants showed more overall movement (measuring arousal) after positive compared to negative emotions, especially in the dyadic condition. These results suggest that recalling emotions together affects non-verbal expression of emotions, and we discuss our findings in light of recent advances in emotion science.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Psychology; Emotion; Group Behaviour; Machine learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n23g72j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Marlene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fšrsterling", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "George", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rabadi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Terry", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mohammed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Islam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ioulia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kovelman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Felix", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Warneken", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hepach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49479/galley/37441/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50210, "title": "Effects of meditation on emotions and depression: a longitudinal study using Geneva Emotion Wheel", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Beneficial effects of meditation on mental well-being are not unequivocally confirmed in research (Goyal et al., 2014). In our study (n=19), we hypothesize that meditation (practiced over a longer period of time) impacts emotions and their intensity. We used The Geneva Emotion Wheel in meditation sessions (n=12) performed regularly over a 12-week period of time, from April to July, 2024. We controlled depression and personality type. Emotions were measured before and after each meditation session. Depression was measured before the start of the meditation course and at the end of it by The Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2001). Personality traits were tested once - before the start of the meditation course by Big Five Inventory-10 (Rammstedt & John, 2007). The results showed that meditation had a positive effect on several emotions and their intensity, but the effect on depression was not found.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Emotion Disorder" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qf1s368", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Agne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Berga", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jurgis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Skilters", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Liga", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zarina", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University Of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Solvita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Umbrasko", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Arnis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Silins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Maija", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gultniece", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Santa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bartu_Ä“vica", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Latvia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50210/galley/38172/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50081, "title": "Effects of Science Fiction on Creativity: A Meta-Analysis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Creativity is essential for success in both social and professional settings, and science fiction has emerged as a potential tool for enhancing this ability. The present meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of science fiction on creativity. A systematic literature search was conducted across diverse electronic platforms and databases, resulting in a final sample of five studies with robust methodological quality. The meta-analytic estimate of the overall effect size indicated a medium effect that was not statistically significant. However, the substantial heterogeneity observed among studies suggests that the influence of science fiction on creativity may vary depending on the context or study characteristics. These findings indicate that while science fiction shows promise for enhancing creativity, further research is needed to clarify the conditions and mechanisms that optimize its impact.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Creativity" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w26n4kb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mengsi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sachiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kiyokawa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50081/galley/38043/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49839, "title": "Efficiency in Writing Systems: Testing Zipf's Law of Abbreviation Across Letters, N-Grams, and Words", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates Zipf's Law of Abbreviation (ZLA) across 155 writing systems, analyzing how visual complexity optimizes with information content at three linguistic levels: letters, n-grams, and words. Using perimetric and skeleton-length complexity metrics, we demonstrate that letters exhibit the strongest correlation (Ï� = 0.2–0.4 in most languages), confirming their role as primary units of efficiency optimization. Larger units (n-grams/words) show weaker effects due to structural constraints. While alphabetic scripts (e.g., Latin-based) align robustly with ZLA, logographic (e.g., Chinese) and abugida (e.g., Kannada) systems reveal exceptions—some with near-zero or negative correlations—highlighting script-specific pressures like distinctiveness or historical preservation. Our findings refine ZLA by emphasizing visual (not just length-based) effort minimization and underscore letters as the fundamental locus of abbreviation effects. Limitations in script diversity and complexity metrics suggest future directions, including phylogenetic controls and perceptual complexity measures. This work advances the cross-linguistic study of writing system evolution under efficiency pressures.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Corpus studies; Cross-linguistic analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r61x45n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ruimin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lyu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jiangnan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sihan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jiangnan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Guoying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jiangnan University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49839/galley/37801/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49512, "title": "Efficient Audience Design in LLMs", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "During human communication, speakers balance informativeness and effort by tailoring their language to their audience. Large Language Models (LLMs) appear human-like in their communication and succeed at some tasks thought to involve social reasoning about interlocutors (in humans). Here, we tested audience design in LLMs using tasks modeled on (Isaacs & Clark, 1987). In Experiment 1, replicating findings with humans, LLMs produced longer responses when producing descriptions of pictures from a city while addressing an audience unfamiliar with that city and used more proper nouns when addressing a familiar audience. In Experiments 2 and 3, similar to previous findings with humans, LLMs used fewer words to describe pictures over the course of a multi-turn interaction. However, this pattern appeared to be sensitive to whether the user prompts also got shorter across turns, suggesting that efficient audience design in LLMs reflects patterns in training data and reinforcement learning, rather than an inherent drive\ntowards least effort.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zm2f1n3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ryskin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Olivia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gawel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Owen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tanzer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Viniccius", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pailo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kello", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49512/galley/37474/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49928, "title": "Efficient communication drives the semantic structure of kinship terminology", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Semantic distinctions are encoded variably in kinship terminology, the set of words that denotes family members. Nonetheless, it has been suggested that kinship terminology, like other linguistic domains, is constrained by opposing pressures to be simple yet expressive. Here, we use this insight to explore how the meaning space for kinship is structured cross-linguistically. Under the assumption that kinship systems map forms to meanings in a compressible, structure-preserving manner, we designed a metric for identifying which semantic features are most important for distinguishing individuals in a kinship system. For 1229 kinship systems, we calculated the correlation between semantic similarity (the weighted sum of shared semantic features between individuals) and wordform similarity (the edit similarity between terms). We then identified the optimal weight for each semantic feature in each language, confirming that kinship systems vary in which semantic features they encode, and that the features themselves vary in the extent to which they are encoded. Additionally, we identified that semantic features are encoded hierarchically; more simple and more informative features are weighted highest in general. By identifying this constraint on the distribution of forms and meanings in kinship terminology, our results provide new insights on how kin terms are structured for efficient communication.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Anthropology; Linguistics; Concepts and categories; Semantics of language; Cross-linguistic analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fg7b7hn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maisy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hallam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kirby", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fiona", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jordan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Bristol", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kenny", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49928/galley/37890/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49500, "title": "Efficient compression in locomotion verbs across languages", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Converging evidence suggests that languages are shaped by\na drive for efficient communication. In particular, it has\nbeen shown that languages efficiently compress meanings\ninto words via the Information Bottleneck (IB) principle in\ndomains ranging from visual percepts, such as colors and\nobjects, to non-visual high-level concepts, such as pronouns\nand number. These domains, however, capture only static\nelements described by adjectives, nouns, function words, or\ngrammatical markers, leaving open the question of whether the\nsame theory could also apply to verb meanings, which often\nrefer to dynamical aspects of the environment. We address\nthis question by considering locomotion verbs (e.g., walk, run,\nand jump) across four languages (English, Dutch, Spanish,\nand Japanese). We show that locomotion verb meanings\nacross languages are shaped by pressure for efficiency, which\nresonates with similar findings in other domains and suggests\nthat the IB principle may apply more broadly across the\nlexicon. Our results also open a new avenue for future work\nto explore whether semantic categories of actions are rooted\nin a strictly perceptual representation, or perhaps in motor and\nfunctional representations as well.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Concepts and categories; Natural Language Processing; Semantics of language; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48w0h6jw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Langlois", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nidhi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seethapathi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Noga", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zaslavsky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NYU", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49500/galley/37462/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50097, "title": "Efficient Multi-dimensional Optimization in Abstractive Summarization via Mixture-of-Learnable Prompts Tuning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human beings prefer to read concise summaries that rephrase the exact ideas of a document using novel statements. Consequently, previous works endeavor to coordinate the faithfulness and abstractiveness of automatic summarization, yet this leads to increased computation or data overhead. To address this problem, we propose a novel prompt tuning approach, MoLP, which allocates the optimization of parallel objectives in abstractive summarization to learnable prompts and effectively relieves the cost burden. Inspired by the neural mixture-of-experts model, MoLP learns input-specific expert prompts to optimize saliency awareness, faithfulness, and abstractiveness, respectively, and learns a task-specific router prompt to weigh and polymerize the experts' effects. More importantly, these lightweight prompts are learned from separate tasks, each built upon a heuristic summary of the same document, significantly saving computing costs and improving data utilization. In experiments, we plug MoLP into frozen language models following the classical prompt tuning setting. Extensive evaluations across four benchmark tasks witness the model-generated summaries with simultaneously improved faithfulness and abstractiveness scores. Few-shot learning tests also underscore the advanced generalization of our method.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5443g1kn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Fengyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiaxin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junfei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50097/galley/38059/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50317, "title": "Elicitation Strategies for Capturing Information Visualization Affordances", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Understanding how data visualizations shape reader takeaways is critical for designing effective displays, but measuring these affordances remains a challenge. While free-response studies provide a rich source of human interpretations, they are costly to analyze and often contain ambiguities. We investigate alternative elicitation methods, including ranking charts, ranking conclusions, and rating salience, to determine their effectiveness in capturing visualization affordances. Alternative approaches varied in their sensitivity to chart familiarity and specific affordance factors. Salience ratings aligned well with gold-standard affordances collected from free-responses but failed to capture chart-specific insights, while ranking methods overemphasized familiar chart types. Additionally, we compared human responses across all elicitation methods to outputs from GPT-4o to evaluate the extent to which large language models (LLMs) could replicate human-derived affordances. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating multiple elicitation methods and clarify the potential and limitations of LLMs as proxies for human interpretation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Human-computer interaction; Perception" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q27h6zt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Chase", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stokes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kylie", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Lin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cindy Xiong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bearfield", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Tech", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50317/galley/38279/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49640, "title": "Eliciting the Priors of Large Language Models using Iterated In-Context Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world settings, understanding the knowledge they implicitly use when making decisions is critical. One way to capture this knowledge is in the form of Bayesian prior distributions. We develop a prompt-based workflow for eliciting prior distributions from LLMs. Our approach is based on iterated learning, a method that has been used to explore implicit knowledge in human decision-makers in which successive inferences are chained together to converge to the prior distribution. We validated our method in settings where iterated learning has previously been used to estimate the priors of human participants -- causal learning, proportion estimation, and predicting everyday quantities. We found that priors elicited from GPT-4 qualitatively align with human priors in these settings. We then used the same method to elicit priors from GPT-4 for a variety of speculative events, such as the timing of the development of superhuman AI.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Concepts and categories; Decision making; Intelligent agents; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Representation; " } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60d9g74t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jian-Qiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffiths", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49640/galley/37602/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49428, "title": "Embodiment without Body: The Emergence of Body Ownership in AI through Integrated World and Self-Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In contemporary consciousness studies, the sense of body ownership (SBO) stands as a key marker of subjective embodiment and self-awareness. Recent progress in multimodal and agent AI has prompted the question: Could an artificial system develop something analogous to SBO, and would this require consciousness? This paper refines two core distinctions: (1) functional versus phenomenal SBO, (2) world‑model versus self‑model. Building on a functional reconceptualization of \"body\" as an interaction boundary, we argue that AI systems equipped with semantic-centric multimodal world models and complementary self-models can, in principle, instantiate a form of SBO. By integrating diverse sensory inputs—visual, tactile, and linguistic—into a cohesive self-representation, this approach suggests the possibility of a virtual body that evokes the contours of the human embodied experience. Such an account questions the strict divide between physical and virtual embodiment, offering new insights into how embodied cognition underpins consciousness. Also, we locate SBO within the broader debate on AI consciousness. Concrete design proposals are linked to existing multimodal agents (e.g., DeepMind's MIA). This inquiry highlights how AI SBO may arise from the interplay of sensory and semantic frameworks, prompting ethical and theoretical reflection on AI consciousness.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Philosophy; Consciousness; Embodied Cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34h3v4f4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shuqin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Philosophy department", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49428/galley/37390/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50167, "title": "Emergence of Communication: A Comparative Study of Instance-Based Learning in ACT-R and PyIBL", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the role of memory mechanisms in the emergence of communication by comparing two instance-based learning models: one implemented using the ACT-R cognitive architecture and the other using PyIBL, a lightweight framework based on Instance-Based Learning Theory. Both models were tested on a simulated communication task requiring agents to coordinate actions message exchange using abstract symbols. The ACT-R model, featuring an explicit goal-representation module and precise memory structure, led to faster formation of communication system and more successful task performance. In contrast, the PyIBL model showed delayed emergence of communication system, attributed to its simplified memory representation and difficulty in imitation during the task. These results suggest that detailed goal representation and mechanisms for self-other distinction play a critical role in communication development. The study also demonstrates the potential of cognitive modeling for connecting individual-level processes with large-scale simulations of social behavior.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive architectures; Language and thought; Representation; Agent-based Modeling" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xt2f33c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kenya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sasaki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morita", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50167/galley/38129/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50442, "title": "Emerging Morphosyntactic Prediction in Early Childhood: A Visual Tracking Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Emerging Morphosyntactic Prediction in Early Childhood: A Visual Tracking Study\nLinguistic prediction, a key mechanism in language acquisition (Dell & Chang, 2014), enables anticipation of upcoming linguistic input based on contextual cues (Mani & Huettig, 2012; Angulo-Chavira et al., in review). This eye-tracking study investigated gender-based morphosyntactic prediction in Spanish-speaking toddlers aged 30 and 36 months. Participants heard highly constraining sentences (e.g., La gallina puso su... [The hen laid its…]) while viewing images of a gender-matching competitor (cuchillo [knife]), which shared only grammatical gender with the target (huevo [egg]), and a distractor (gorra [cap]). Results revealed that 36-month-olds, but not 30-month-olds, shifted their gaze toward the gender-matching competitor before hearing the target noun, indicating developmental differences in morphosyntactic processing. These findings suggest that the ability to integrate morphosyntactic cues into predictive language processing emerges by 36 months, providing empirical evidence on the developmental trajectory of linguistic prediction in early childhood.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Linguistics; Neuroscience; Psychology; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13v7f8qt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alejandra Mitzi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castell—n-Flores", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Nacional Aut—noma de MŽxico", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Armando", "middle_name": "Q", "last_name": "Angulo-Chavira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Nacional Aunt—noma de MŽxico", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Natalia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arias-Trejo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Nacional Aut—noma de Mexico, UNAM", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50442/galley/38404/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49824, "title": "Emotional Consensus Matters: Impact on Toddlers' Visual Exploration Behaviors", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Emotional feedback plays a critical role in guiding early behaviors, yet relatively little is known about how toddlers integrate emotions from multiple informants. The present study investigated how the consistency of emotional feedback influenced toddlers' visual exploration of novel objects. A total of 74 toddlers (12–24 months) viewed videos of eight adult informants displaying happy, sad, or neutral emotions toward unfamiliar objects. In Experiment 1, toddlers who received consistently sad feedback demonstrated reduced exploration. In Experiment 2, toddlers exposed to inconsistent emotional cues (e.g., 50% happy and 50% sad) exhibited greater exploration compared with those presented with consistent feedback. These findings suggested that toddlers' visual exploratory behaviors were shaped not only by the valence of emotional signals but also by the degree to which these signals were consistent. In particular, a mixture of emotional feedback may enhance toddlers' engagement with novel objects.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81x56061", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naiqi", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Xiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49824/galley/37786/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49991, "title": "Emotional Dynamics in Art Appreciation: Aesthetic Engagement with Realist and Surrealist Artworks", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In a temporally extended perceptual encounter with an artwork, an ideal challenge presents a manageable degree of unpredictability. This unpredictability triggers emotional satisfaction derived from resolving perceptual uncertainties, which, in turn, leads to rewarding experiences that motivate further engagement. Here we simulated and amplified perceptual unpredictability across three stages: a blurred version of the artwork, a clear version, and prolonged exposure to the clear artwork, and measured viewers' dynamic emotional responses throughout this unfolding process. Our findings reveal significant associations between individuals' aesthetic experiences and shifts in their emotional responses, specifically concerning pleasure and arousal. Additionally, Participants exhibited stronger emotional changes related to pleasure and dominance when unfolding realist paintings (certainty expected), compared to surrealist artworks (uncertainty expected). Overall, the results suggest that viewers generally appreciate unpredictability and experiences that transcend their preconceived expectations, fostering deeper exploration of the scientific inquiry into the predictive processing in human aesthetic appreciation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Aesthetics; Art and Cognition; Emotion; Emotion Perception; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xx0w1rh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yuzhang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "HU", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "BNU-HKBU United International College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sijun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LIU", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "BNU-HKBU United International College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rongrong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong Provincial/Zhuhai Key Laboratory IRADS", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49991/galley/37953/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49891, "title": "Emotional Parameters in Cognitive Architecture: Examination Through Simple Memory Performance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A key challenge in cognitive modeling is capturing how emotional states modulate internal cognitive parameters. While cognitive architectures such as ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) provide a principled framework for simulating memory and decision-making, their emotional components remain underexplored. This study examines how individual differences in emotional states, particularly anxiety and affective valence, are reflected in core memory-related parameters of ACT-R. Across two experiments using a digits recall task, we introduced emotional variation via affective stimuli and applied a model-fitting procedure to estimate individual values for the mismatch penalty and activation threshold. Results from the second experiment revealed significant correlations between state anxiety and both parameters, suggesting that emotional traits systematically shift memory retrieval dynamics. Our findings offer empirical support for integrating emotion into cognitive architectures without introducing ad hoc modules, and contribute to broader efforts to align the Common Model of Cognition with affective science. This work highlights the potential of inverse modeling as a tool for understanding the emotion–cognition interface and opens new avenues for modeling individual differences in affect-sensitive cognitive systems.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive architectures; Emotion; Memory; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17c1t2d1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kohei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shimbori", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Masaru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shirasuna", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morita", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49891/galley/37853/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49414, "title": "Emotional Resonance in Film: Disentangling the Effects of Music on Moral Judgments in Dilemmas", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Social Intuitionist Model emphasizes the primary role of moral intuitions, rather than analytical moral reasoning, in forming moral judgments. In line with this model, moral emotions, rather than reasoning, are strongly associated with moral actions. This study explored the impact of emotionally evocative film excerpts, specifically those featuring moral dilemmas within varying contexts of social distance, on moral judgment processes. We invited 88 college students to view excerpts from foreign movies and their Chinese remakes under three music conditions: no music, positive music, and negative music. Participants evaluated the characters' actions based on three moral dimensions: Harm, Fairness, and Authority, while also rating their emotional responses. The results indicated that positive music during moral dilemmas elicited strong negative emotional responses. Additionally, viewers judged the protagonist's actions more harshly regarding fairness and placed greater emphasis on social order and authority in Chinese compared to foreign movie excerpts, regardless of the music's emotional valence.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Art and Cognition; Emotion Perception; Music; Reasoning; Situated cognition; Computer-based experiment; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fs6q18w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zhiying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "BNU-HKBU United International College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zihua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "BNU-HKBU United International College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rongrong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong Provincial/Zhuhai Key Laboratory IRADS", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49414/galley/37376/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49155, "title": "Emotion influences behavioral outcomes and attention during goal-directed reading", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent studies on the interaction between emotion and reading comprehension provide a murky picture with contradictory claims. Here, we offer one explanation for this phenomenon. By utilizing an advanced eye movement analysis method EMHMM with co-clustering, we discovered two representative attention patterns from eye fixations: an expanded, globalized attention pattern and a more focused, localized attention pattern. The subsequent analysis shows that these two attention patterns were differentially associated with comprehension accuracy in questions that required either globalized (summative questions) or localized (detailed questions) attentional needs. Moreover, the emotional state influenced the use of the two attentional strategies, as well as reading performance, measured as accuracy and reading time. Our findings demonstrate how emotion may have facilitated or interfered with cognitive processing during reading comprehension that requires different attentional needs, which provides valuable insight into the intertwining relationship between emotions and other cognitive functions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sr2t2zc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "the Chinese University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yueyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Janet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hsiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong University of Science & Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Urs", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maurer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "the Chinese University of Hong Kong", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49155/galley/37116/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49155/galley/38661/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49607, "title": "Empathy and Music Preferences: Exploring Valence-Arousal Patterns, and Sequential Listening Behaviors in Naturalistic Settings", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Empathy has been linked to music preferences in controlled laboratory settings, but naturalistic settings like music streaming platforms remain unexplored. This study investigates how trait empathy influences music preferences and sequential listening behaviors in real-world settings. To this end, we collected and analyzed one-year Spotify listening histories of 290 Indian university students alongside their trait empathy scores, measured using the IRI scale. Our results reveal that individuals who score high on the IRI subscales of Empathic Concern, Fantasy, and Perspective Taking prefer sad music. Moreover, those scoring high on Empathic Concern or Perspective Taking were found to be more likely to transition from happy to sad music. These findings partially align with previous lab-based research, specifically for the subscales of Empathic Concern and Fantasy, while providing novel insights into the relations between the Perspective Taking subscale and music consumption. The study also provides novel insights into sequential listening behaviours, thus, strengthening the evidence that empathy shapes musical preferences and listening behaviors across diverse contexts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Empathy; Music; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vp8172f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jatin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Agarwala", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sriharsha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "M S S", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vuoskoski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Vinoo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alluri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49607/galley/37569/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50008, "title": "Empathy in Explanation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Why do we give the explanations we do? Recent work has suggested that we should think of explanation as a kind of cooperative social interaction, between a why-question-asker and an explainer. Here, we apply this perspective to consider the role emotion plays in this social interaction. We develop a computational framework for modeling explainers who consider the emotional impact an explanation might have on a listener. We test our framework by modeling human intuitions about how a doctor should explain to a patient why they have a disease, depending on the patient's propensity for regret. Our model predicts human intuitions well, better than ablations suggestive that people do indeed reason about emotion when giving explanations. See https://sites.google.com/view/empathy-in-explanation for further details and pre-print.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Causal reasoning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ss809vr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Collins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kartik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chandra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ragan-Kelley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50008/galley/37970/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50042, "title": "Empathy or Utility: Children's Reasoning for Moral Consideration of AI", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Do children believe AI deserves to be treated morally as humans, and if so, why? In this study, eighty children aged four to eight were randomly assigned to interact with a human or AI partner in a naturalistic storytelling activity, after which their moral considerations and rationale were elicited. The results indicated that although children believed they should treat both AI and humans morally, the motives behind their beliefs differed. Children's moral considerations for humans were driven by empathy for others' needs and feelings, whereas their considerations for AI were motivated by the desire to preserve its functional utility. These motives were corroborated by children's denial of AI's capacity to have feelings or basic physical needs. This study contributes to the literature on children's moral development by demonstrating that while their moral reasoning extends to non-human entities, their justifications reflect a distinct, domain-specific understanding rather than an anthropocentric confusion.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Human-computer interaction; Intelligent agents; Perception; Theory of Mind; Qualitative Analysis; Survey" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v08c2d5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sunhyo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tianjiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard Graduate School of Education", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50042/galley/38004/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49642, "title": "Empowering Cross-Patient Adaptive-Length Epilepsy Diagnosis with ECNorm: A Channel-wise Approach", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Automatic seizure detection leveraging artificial intelligence has gained widespread attention. However, existing research has predominantly focused on scenarios with patient-specific and fixed-time lengths, with the practical clinical applications across non-specific patients and variable time lengths remaining underexplored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel method named Electroencephalogram Channel-wise Normalization (ECNorm), designed to thoroughly explore the physical significance and data distribution characteristics of different EEG channels to minimize inter-patient variability. We applied ECNorm to a two-layer LSTM model to facilitate cross-patient adaptive-length epilepsy diagnosis. Ablation studies demonstrate that ECNorm significantly enhances the performance of simple architectures like the two-layer LSTM when compared to batch normalization and layer normalization. Leave-one-out experiments on the public CHB-MIT dataset verify that our approach surpasses existing studies across segments of varying lengths (1 and 100 seconds), establishing a new benchmark for patient-independent automated epilepsy diagnosis.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Event cognition; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mt485x8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kaixuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "WANG", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shangyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49642/galley/37604/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49525, "title": "Enactment and Embodiment Impact the Recall of Object-Location Associations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The role of self-generated movement in memory retrieval has been demonstrated in enactment paradigms. However, in the context of object-location memory, the impact of action during learning has not yet been investigated, despite the ecological relevance of such behaviors. In the current project, we present new evidence that actively placing an object in a target location during learning leads to more precise, and faster, subsequent recall of the object-location associations than simply observing this placement. We further demonstrate differences in object- location memory depending on the category of stimuli that participants are engaging with by showing that images of objects with high manipulability are placed more precisely, more quickly, and more directly (mouse-tracking) than images of objects with low manipulability. We suggest that these latter differences are due to the motor information implicitly activated during processing of high manipulability items, and reflect the embodied nature of concepts. Although both enactment and manipulability impacted object-location recall, they did not interact. This research extends findings on enactment to associative encoding processes, and informs our understanding of the relationship between enactment and embodiment in human memory.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Memory; Knowledge representation" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ng8j3jg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Suesan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacRae", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Western Ontario", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ken", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McRae", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Western Ontario", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kohler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Western Ontario", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49525/galley/37487/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49767, "title": "Enhanced Prototype Formation for Other-Race Faces in Infancy: Developmental Trajectories and Environmental Adaptations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Face prototype formation plays a pivotal role in translating face experience into robust internal representations. However, the early developmental trajectory and experiential influences on this cognitive capacity remain underexplored. Across five within-subject experiments conducted in Canada and China across different time periods, we investigated how face race and environmental context modulate infant prototype formation. Using a novel prototype formation paradigm, we discovered infants consistently exhibited stronger prototype formation for unfamiliar other-race faces compared to own-race faces, and this bias increased significantly with age. Furthermore, we demonstrated remarkable plasticity. Infant cohorts tested during and after COVID-19 lockdowns show opposite age-related trajectories in face prototyping, reflecting differential environmental exposure to diverse faces. These findings illuminate the experience-dependent nature of early face processing specialization, suggesting infants' prototype formation dynamically adapts to optimize face processing within specific environments. We discuss implications for understanding the developmental origins of face processing biases and potential social consequences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive development; Development; Face Processing; Perception; Statistical learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vk7m42r", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Carie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paul C.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Quinn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Delaware", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Linlin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang Sci-Tech University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naiqi", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Xiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "McMaster University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49767/galley/37729/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49146, "title": "Enhancing Cognitive Game Tracing via Diverse Information and Time-aware Modeling", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "With the surge in cognitive gaming data, understanding players' learning patterns and cognitive growth has become increasingly important. These data offer valuable opportunities to study individual cognitive development during learning.\nHowever, the diversity of player profiles and the complexity of gaming tasks pose significant challenges for accurate skill prediction. Specifically, the heterogeneity of player profiles leads to diverse and complex learning trajectories; data sparsity and temporal dynamics further exacerbate these challenges.\n\nTo address these challenges, we propose the MFCGT (Multi-feature Forget Cognitive Game Tracing) model.\nFirst, we perform multi-feature selection to extract key features from player behavior data to reduce noise and improve prediction accuracy.\n\nSecond, we introduce a time-aware decay mechanism that simulates skill degradation using an exponential decay function, ensuring the model captures the impact of forgetting on learning trajectories.\n\nFinally, we incorporate an attention mechanism to dynamically identify the most relevant historical performance for the current task, thereby enhancing the model's predictive capability.\n\nThe experiment results show that MFCGT significantly outperforms traditional models in skill prediction tasks. Additionally, MFCGT effectively captures players' learning dynamics and forgetting effects, providing more accurate learning predictions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jm3b5zg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "East China Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Software Engineering Institute", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Liangyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "East China Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mingsong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "East China Normal University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49146/galley/37107/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49146/galley/38652/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50033, "title": "Enhancing Educator Support in MOOC Forums: A Multi-Task Model for Detecting Learning Confusion", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Despite the popularity of MOOC, only a small percentage of course participants complete the course. Learners' confusion is one of the factors that impacts the overall learning process and ultimately leads to course attrition. However, extensive exchange of reviews often creates chaos, resulting in 'confusion' posts that can easily be ignored. To this end, we create a labeled dataset for post-type classification and use the public Stanford MOOCPosts dataset to detect learning confusion. We propose a hierarchical multi-task learning framework that combines post-type and confusion degree classification using fine-tuned BERT models and virtual adversarial training. Our model performs with an accuracy of 89\\% and an F1 score of 88\\%. Additionally, we integrate interpretability techniques to further enhance model transparency. This framework equips instructors with tools to identify and address learning confusion effectively.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Language understanding" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90067717", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tongyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Minho", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiaying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Artificial intenlligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yatong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jilin University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adriano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tavares", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Minho", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tiago", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gomes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Minho", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pinto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidade do Minho", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jilin University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50033/galley/37995/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49273, "title": "Enhancing Objectivity in LLM-as-a-Judge through Perturbation Injection", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "LLM-as-a-judge is considered a potential substitute for human evaluation due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, recent studies indicate that LLM-as-a-judge exhibits systematic biases when comparing candidate answers, including contextual, verbosity, and positional bias. These biases, as we find, mirror human cognitive biases like the anchoring effect and availability heuristic, where intuitive decisions prioritize superficial features over deeper analysis. Inspired by the Dual Process Theory, we propose that LLM evaluations often resemble system 1 thinking, leading to biased judgments. To address this, we introduce PeBC, a Perturbation-Based Calibration framework that shifts LLM evaluations from system 1 to system 2 reasoning through perturbation injection, bias analysis, and rule calibration. Our experiments on the meta-evaluation benchmarks LLMBar-Natural and LLMBar-Adversarial demonstrate that PeBC successfully mitigates evaluation biases, outperforming existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods across various test scenarios and achieving better alignment with human judgments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Decision making; Natural Language Processing; Reasoning" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6520s7n6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zhihao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Haoran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yaohui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49273/galley/37234/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50009, "title": "Ensemble Physics: Perceiving the Mass of Groups of Objects is More Than the Sum of Its Parts", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Imagine pouring a box of granola into a bowl. Are you considering hundreds of individual chunks or the motion of the group as a whole? Human perceptual limits suggest we cannot be representing the individuals, implying we simulate ensembles of objects. If true, we would need to represent group physical properties beyond individual aggregates, similar to perceiving ensemble properties like color, size, or facial expression. Here we investigate whether people do hold ensemble representations of mass, using tasks in which participants watch a video of a single marble or set of marbles falling onto an elastic cloth and judge the individual or average mass. We find first that people better judge average masses than individual masses, then find evidence that the better ensemble judgments are not just due to aggregating information from individual marbles. Together, this supports the concept of ensemble perception in intuitive physics, extending our understanding of how people represent and simulate sets of objects.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Perception; Reasoning; Representation; Bayesian modeling; Psychophysics" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g64q3f4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vicente", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vivanco", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Vivian", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Paulun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50009/galley/37971/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50439, "title": "Envisioning: The Cognitive Challenge of Prompt-based LLM Interactions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have replaced conventional interface designs with prompt-based natural language interactions. LLMs exhibit dynamic capabilities to fulfill a broad range of tasks and ad-hoc functionalities (e.g., \"rewrite these appliance installation instructions for a five-year-old\"). However, their open-ended interface replaces Norman's gulf of execution with a new cognitive challenge for end-users; namely, the gulf of envisioning clear intentions and task descriptions in prompts to obtain a desired LLM response. To address this gap, we propose a cognitive model of the Envisioning process based on protocols of generative AI prompt-based interactions. The model highlights three cognitive challenges people face when requesting help from LLMs: (1) what the task should be (intentionality gap), (2) how to give instructions to do the task (instruction gap), and (3) what to expect in the LLM's output (capability gap). We make recommendations to narrow the gulf of envisioning in human-LLM interactions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Human-computer interaction; Interactive behavior; Natural Language Processing; Problem Solving; UX" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zt989kp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hariharan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Subramonyam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Colleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seifert", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "U Michigan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50439/galley/38401/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49924, "title": "Epistemic Monocultures and the Effect of AI Personalization", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It has been argued that when scientists employ algorithmic tools to assist in problem-solving, epistemic monocultures may emerge in which research tools, topics, findings, etc. are homogenized. As a result, fertile areas of research might be left unexplored, impeding scientific progress. To explore the nature of these epistemic monocultures, we develop an agent-based model where agents have the ability to query an AI system to assist in their search of an epistemic (NK) landscape. In general, we find that AI use negatively affects the community of researchers by reducing heterogeneity, but both the rate of AI queries and how AI is used impact the ultimate success of the community. We then implement a potential solution suggested in the literature, AI personalization, and find somewhat mixed results on its potential for mitigating homogenization in research communities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Philosophy; Group Behaviour; Problem Solving; Agent-based Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68z1w0ct", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "O'Brien", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hannah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rubin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Missouri", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kekoa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Verily", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fazelpour", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northeastern University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49924/galley/37886/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50228, "title": "Equal > Equals: Labels Affect How Math Symbols Are Interpreted", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do labels affect people's interpretation of symbols? The preferred label for \"=\" is debated amongst mathematics educators. In Study 1, U.S. adults defined the \"=\" symbol and rated the \"smartness\" of definitions when the label \"equal\" or \"equals\" sign was used. As predicted, the \"equal\" label activated a relational understanding of the equal(s) sign more than the \"equals\" label. Study 2 utilized a 2x2 factorial design and incorporated an activation phase before the definition tasks. Participants were randomly assigned to operational activation, where they solved problems with operations to the left of the equal(s) sign (8 + 5 = __), or to relational activation, where they solved problems with operations to the right of the equal(s) sign (8 = 5 + ___). Results suggest the terms \"equal\" and \"equals\" are not equivalent. The term \"equal\" may enhance students' conceptual understanding of equations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Instruction and teaching; Language and thought; Comparative Analysis" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jd1w28f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Miyahara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Claire", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sayler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ochocki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shaker", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Erbini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ellyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jarrell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicole", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "McNeil", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50228/galley/38190/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49671, "title": "Estimating and Correcting Yes-No Bias in Language Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When presented with a yes-no question, humans tend to say 'yes' regardless of the ground truth. This 'yes-bias' can be attributed either to the social pressure to agree with an interlocutor or simply to the tendency to mimic the distribution of the input data. Here, we estimate 'yes-no' response bias in language models (LMs), with the goal of distinguishing the two theories, and explore two strategies for bias correction. We develop two yes-no question datasets derived from existing world knowledge datasets, and test 16 open-weight LMs. We find that LMs often show response bias on yes-no questions, but that it is highly variable, deviating from bias observed in humans. We further present a novel bias correction method, which eliminates bias and improves model performance. Evidence of non-humanlike response bias in LMs informs us on the source of yes-bias in humans, and the efficacy of our bias correction method holds promise for LM evaluation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Language and thought; Machine learning; Reasoning; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c04k26b", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Om", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bhatt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ivanova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49671/galley/37633/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49966, "title": "Estimating Intuitive Physical Parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo with People", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A central question in cognitive science is the degree to which human and animal brains have adapted to and internalized the physical laws that govern the motion of objects. In this project, we propose a new method to estimate aspects of our intuitive sense of physical laws. Rather than assuming that humans internalize the form of Newtonian physics as found on Earth, we instead designed a procedure which allowed us to estimate which forms of physical laws feel most natural and intuitive to human participants. Our approach combines Markov chain Monte Carlo with People (MCMCP) and a custom parameterized physics engine. Each proposal of the MCMCP chain instantiated a world with new physical parameters and participants judged which of two scenes seemed more natural. Preliminary results show that this approach can quantify the precision of people's estimate of the direction and strength of gravity.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Perception; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Representation; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8486r05x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Pat", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Intara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Gureckis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49966/galley/37928/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50200, "title": "Estimating Lexical-Semantic Networks from Verbal Fluency Data in 5-8 Year Olds", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "As children learn language, they organize their knowledge in lexical-semantic networks. Comparing pre-existing methods of accessing underlying networks, we examine developmental verbal fluency in 5-8-year-olds (N=37, mean age=80.27 mos) across two different prompt types — taxonomic (animals and foods) vs. (location-based) thematic prompts (zoo and grocery store) — using two different graph-theoretic estimation strategies: random-walk modeling (e.g., U-INVITE) and GloVe word embeddings. We observed several consistencies: taxonomic prompts elicited more words than thematic prompts (linear mixed-effects model: t(35) = 3.16, p<0.05); networks expanded with age (U-INVITE, t(35) = 4.26, p<0.05; ESN, t(35) = 4.53, p<0.05); and structures spread out (versus clustering densely). However, key differences emerged. Random-walk networks uncovered different highest-degree (most densely clustered) words depending on the prompt type (e.g., \"dog\" for animals, \"monkey\" for zoo). By contrast, networks based on word embeddings identified networks with very similar highest-degree words for animals and zoo. Hence, alternative assumptions informing method choices may result in distinct network estimates, with consequences for how we map the growth of lexical knowledge.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Development; Language acquisition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sv3s88z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "AJ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jain", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UT Southwestern Medical Center", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zettersten", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Casey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lew-Williams", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50200/galley/38162/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49689, "title": "Evaluating actions: Do young children prefer actions completed efficiently over those completed inefficiently?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Efficiency informs perceptions and expectations of people's actions from early in life. We examined whether young children aged three and four consider efficiency when evaluating how well agents completed goals. In three experiments, we showed children scenarios where two characters each walked to target objects, and then asked children which character did a better job. In the first experiment, children appeared to consider efficiency. They more often chose a character who took a direct path over one who took an indirect path, but only when the latter character could have taken a shorter path. Two follow-up experiments, though, failed to replicate this pattern and the success in the initial experiment could be explained in terms of the features of the paths (not strictly related to efficiency) used in that experiment. The findings suggest, then, that three- and four-year-olds do not yet use efficiency to normatively evaluate actions. We consider two alternative explanations for this.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Reasoning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g01m7mc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Sehl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Denison", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Friedman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Waterloo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49689/galley/37651/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50215, "title": "Evaluating Individual Differences in Multimodal Measurement of Inhibitory Control Using Drift Diffusion Modeling", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Computational modeling of behavioral data allows for a precise characterization of distinct aspects of decision making related to the neurocognitive process of IC. In the Diffusion Model for Conflict (DMC; Ulrich et al., 2015)—drift rate (the amount of information absorbed per time unit) and boundary separation (the amount of information accumulation required for action)—have been found to be differentiable processes implicated in IC. In the current study, we evaluated these DMC parameters in independent community/student samples (Ns=150, 199) completing a flanker task and electroencephalogram recording during a novelty-oddball task to elicit a P300 brain response shown to index IC (Brennan & Baskin-Sommers, 2018). Our results showed that only boundary separation significantly correlated (r=-.20,-.28) with amplitude of the P300 brain response, and this effect replicated across both samples. These findings suggest that computational modeling of behavior is better able to bind together measurement of IC across different measurement modalities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v9369p5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sebastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Franck Love", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Danielle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Keanan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Joyner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50215/galley/38177/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50076, "title": "Evaluating Planning Through Play: Exploring the Use of Mini Games to Assess Planning Abilities", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Planning, or the ability to simulate and execute a sequence of steps toward a goal, is crucial for success in many activities. However, common tasks used to measure planning often fail to correlate with one another, suggesting they may not assess the same underlying skill. To explore a novel measurement of planning, this study examined performance on four planning mini games, a non-planning control game, and three standard planning tasks. Results revealed that the planning mini games exhibited stronger intercorrelations than traditional tasks, suggesting they may capture a more consistent and unified planning construct. Notably, two of the selected mini games emerged as particularly promising paradigms for assessing planning skills with reduced confounds from processing speed. These findings provide initial evidence that mini games such as those explored here could complement or replace traditional cognitive planning tasks, offering an appropriately complex evaluation of the multifaceted skill of planning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Problem Solving; Reasoning" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6108w39c", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Cunningham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daphne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bavelier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Geneva", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "C. Shawn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Green", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50076/galley/38038/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50182, "title": "Evaluating sensorimotor knowledge in large language models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large Language Models (LLMs) process language but lack direct sensorimotor experience. This study assesses their ability to estimate human perceptual ratings using the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms. We prompt LLMs with the original rating task instructions and analyze their correlations with human norms. Results suggest LLMs struggle with embodied cognition, highlighting limitations in computational models of sensory meaning. Future research should explore fine-tuning LLMs on sensorimotor data to enhance embodied representations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Linguistics; Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x096bg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hollander", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Arkansas State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50182/galley/38144/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49936, "title": "Evaluating testimony from multiple witnesses: exploring qualitative intuitions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study further explored a novel reasoning error. When faced with evidence from multiple sources, a substantial number of lay reasoners inaccurately integrate cues of reliability and report number. Particularly when further reports are less reliable than initial (highly reliable) reports. When evaluating the added value of supplementary corroborative reports, we find that, in most instances, participants are equally likely to provide correct or incorrect qualitative judgements. When using a sequential presentation and explicitly prompting participants to consider the impact of additional credible evidence, 36.7%-45% indicate that their beliefs should remain the same and 10% or less indicate that their beliefs should decrease. Only a third correctly believed that in each instance of corroborating evidence the likelihood of the target hypothesis should increase. Qualitative judgements also significantly impacted the accuracy of belief estimates; deviations from normative, Bayesian, predictions at the group level are explained by sub-groups with incorrect qualitative intuitions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Philosophy; Psychology; Decision making; Other; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72h2m984", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kirsty", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Phillips", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Birkbeck, University of London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ulrike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Birkbeck, University of London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Toby", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Pilditch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49936/galley/37898/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50411, "title": "Evaluating the Efficacy of MathByExample: Preliminary Evidence", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Rather than merely solving math problems, students that self-explain correct and incorrect worked examples increase their procedural knowledge and develop deeper conceptual understandings of key concepts. The present study is a large-scale test of the efficacy of the MathByExample intervention, which targets key math concepts and common misconceptions for students in 5th grade through correct and incorrect worked examples. Our cluster-randomized controlled trial included 42 schools (n = 830 5th grade students) across two cohorts. Preliminary results show effects in the predicted direction, students who received MathByExample exercises outperformed students in the control condition, yet the difference is not significant. Our poster will discuss possible explanations for the findings, discuss exploratory moderators (e.g., dosage received of MathByExample exercises), and include data from a third cohort for which data collection is currently ongoing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Learning; Skill acquisition and learning; Classroom studies" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97t8k8w0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jodi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davenport", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "WestEd", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bartel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "WestEd", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jacklyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Powers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "WestEd", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kirk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walters", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "WestEd", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Booth", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Temple University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Allie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huyghe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Strategic Education Research Partnership", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50411/galley/38373/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50078, "title": "Evaluating the Linguistic Competence of Large Language Models: Experimental Evidence from Center-embedding Structures", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) possess human-like syntactic competence by examining their handling of English center-embedded structures. Two experiments were conducted: one collected acceptability judgments from native speakers, confirming sensitivity to syntactic constraints; the other measured surprisal values from GPT-2 and Gemma 2 on grammatical versus ungrammatical center-embedded sentences. While both models distinguished between the two types probabilistically, they failed to replicate categorical human judgments. The results suggest that LLMs conflate low-frequency constructions with ungrammaticality, reflecting limitations in hierarchical syntactic understanding. It is argued that genuine linguistic competence requires more than statistical pattern recognition and advocate for integrating formal syntactic theory into model development. This work contributes to the ongoing dialogue between generative linguistics and AI, highlighting key distinctions between human cognition and current LLMs.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Syntax; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w9p0h8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mengkai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing Foreign Studies University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50078/galley/38040/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49531, "title": "Evaluating the Structure of Chunk Hierarchies in a Naturalistic Educational Task Using Gaussian Mixed Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Our knowledge of a topic such as mathematics is reliant upon the hierarchies of chunks we build in our memories. The time course of knowledge-based tasks, such as the transcription of algebraic formulas, provides rich signals that reflect the structure of the chunk hierarchies being processed. By building Gaussian Mixture Models, this paper provides evidence that decomposing the overall dis-tribution of pauses between actions in a sequential task can give meaningful characterizations of the structure of the chunk hierarchy. We also examine whether individual competence in mathematics can be measured using a metric derived from the models.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive architectures; Interactive behavior; Memory; Skill acquisition and learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44n9p6qh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Sussex", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yanze", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Sussex", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Grecia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garcia Garcia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Sussex", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gabrielle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cayton-Hodges", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ready to Launch, Educational Consulting", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49531/galley/37493/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50211, "title": "Evaluating Vision Language Models Through Concept Hacking", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Evaluating the cognitive abilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is challenging due to their reliance on spurious correlations. To distinguish shortcut-taking from genuine reasoning, we introduce Concept Hacking, a paradigm manipulating concept-relevant information to flip the ground-truth but preserving concept-irrelevant confounds. For instance, in a perceptual constancy test, models must recognize that a uniformly wide bridge does not narrow in the distance; the manipulated condition using concept hacking altered the bridge to actually taper. We assessed 209 models across 45 experiment pairs spanning nine low-level cognitive abilities, encompassing all five core knowledge domains. Comparing performance on manipulated versus standard conditions revealed that models fell into shortcut-reliant or illusory understanding types, with none approaching human-level performance. Models of varying sizes appear in each category, indicating that scaling neither imparts core knowledge nor reduces shortcut reliance. These findings highlight fundamental limitations in current VLMs, reinforcing concerns about their ability to achieve genuine understanding.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Machine learning" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56k2j0br", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yijiang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Electrical and computer engineering", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bingyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Emory University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tianwei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Qingying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Computer Science", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hokin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Deng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dezhi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Luo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50211/galley/38173/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49791, "title": "Event Boundedness Affects Attention Allocation during Online Event Processing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The human mind can segment continuous streams of activity in the world into meaningful, discrete units known as events. However, not all events are created equal. We draw a distinction between bounded events (e.g., folding a handkerchief) that have a predictable structure that develops in distinct stages (i.e., a beginning, middle, and end) and a well-defined endpoint, and unbounded events (e.g., waving a handkerchief) that lack such a well-defined structure and endpoint. We predict that event boundedness (bounded vs. unbounded) will affect attention allocation patterns over the course of the event. Here, we tested this prediction using a dwell time paradigm by measuring the time participants spent on each still frame of an activity. We found that event endpoints attracted increased attention compared to midpoints; importantly, this increase was significantly greater when people viewed bounded events, compared to unbounded events. In addition, event endpoints attracted increased attention compared to event beginnings, but this pattern also interacted with event boundedness. We conclude that abstract internal event structure (specifically, event boundedness) affects attention allocation during online event apprehension.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Event cognition; Perception" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jx492qr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jamie", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Yuen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarah Hye-yeon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Pennsylvania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Papafragou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Unversity of Pennsylvania", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49791/galley/37753/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49271, "title": "Event construal through social verbs in English and German: The LISADA corpus", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do people understand linguistic descriptions of inherently and potentially social events, such as to meet and to dance, and how do these interpretations align or differ across languages? To explore these questions, we developed an empirical database (LISADA), containing ratings for 240 verbs in English and German along two social dimensions: mutuality and jointness. While both languages show an overall positive correlation between these dimensions, hierarchical cluster analyses reveal meaningful within- and cross-linguistic differences. Through an exemplary test case, we demonstrate how these differences can provide insights into the linguistic and conceptual representations of social events, focusing on the role of morphosyntactic marking in event construal.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Event cognition; Language Comprehension; Representation; Social cognition; Corpus studies; Cross-linguistic analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dq4s0v3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tiziana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Srdoc", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Vienna", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marx", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eva", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wittenberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49271/galley/37232/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50292, "title": "Event Segmentation and Memories of Daily Life After a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Event segmentation agreement refers to the degree to which individuals divide the continuous flow of information into meaningful units of experience in the same way as others. In TBI patients, low levels of agreement have been reported and associated with poorer memory performance. However, this effect has been observed with laboratory tasks, and its impact on everyday memories remains unexplored. This study therefore investigated whether the ability to segment a short video predicted personal event memory in fifteen TBI patients and their matched controls. Memory was assessed using a recall of daily events collected through the experience sampling method. With this ecological task, TBI patients exhibited deficits in both the richness and accuracy of their personal memories, the latter being significantly predicted by their level of segmentation agreement. These preliminary findings highlight the role of event segmentation in everyday memory functioning, which could offer new avenues for rehabilitation memory programs.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Event cognition; Memory; cognitive neuropsychology; Experience sampling" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zt2f141", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maud", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Billet", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Li�ge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Geurten", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Li�ge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "sylvie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Willems", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Li�ge", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50292/galley/38254/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49222, "title": "Event Structure and the Experience of Viewing Art", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Future theories of cognition need to encompass a wide range of human experiences, beyond those typically assessed in the laboratory. This study assessed how the experience of a prior artwork (prime) influenced the experience of the next artwork (target), and how this influence was affected by the presence or absence of event boundaries in a VR environment. We found that when primes were more emotionally intense, targets were rated lower in liking/beauty and emotional intensity. This influence was attenuated when the paintings were separated by an event boundary (separate rooms). Surprisingly, there was an effect of event boundaries on the processing of the prime paintings. An evaluation of additional data suggests that this is due to the mere presence of another painting in the same room, even before it is actually viewed. Thus, event structure can meaningfully impact the experience of viewing art.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Aesthetics; Art and Cognition; Event cognition; Memory" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ds4j54g", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Daniela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Parra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Brockmole", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Anthony", "last_name": "Villano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robin", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Jensen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gabriel", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Radvansky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49222/galley/37183/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49222/galley/38728/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49606, "title": "Evidence-Enhanced Triplet Generation Framework for Hallucination Alleviation in Generative Question Answering", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "To tackle the issue of hallucination in generative question answering (GQA)—where the generated answer is nonsensical or unfaithful to the provided document—we introduce a novel framework called evidence-enhanced triplet generation (EATQA). This framework incentivizes the model to generate all possible combinations of ⟨Question, Evidence, Answer⟩ triplets by reversing the source pair and target label to grasp their logical interrelationships. Specifically, the model predicts the Answer (A), Question (Q), and Evidence (E) given the QE, EA, and QA pairs, respectively. Furthermore, we address the distribution gap during the inference stage to extract knowledge from the evidence more effectively. Our framework ensures that the model comprehends the logical connections between queries, evidence, and answers, thereby simultaneously enhancing evidence generation and question answering capabilities. In this study, we apply the EATQA framework to the LLama model, demonstrating superior performance compared to other large language model (LLM)-based methods and hallucination mitigation techniques on two challenging GQA benchmarks. Further analysis reveals that our method not only preserves the pre-existing knowledge within the LLM but also reduces hallucination and produces more accurate answers.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21j040mk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Haowei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Du", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Wangxuan Computer institution", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Dongyan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking Univeristy", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49606/galley/37568/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50265, "title": "Evidence for Distinct Factive and Non-Factive Mentalization Systems in Adults and Infants", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Despite extensive research on mentalization, few studies target the representations and the cognitive systems that underlie different mental state attributions. In two eye-tracking experiments with adults (n=32) and 19-month-old infants (n=24), we examined whether factive (knowledge, ignorance) and non-factive (false belief, true belief) mental state attributions belong to seperate representational systems, relying on the assumption that transfer within-system should occur faster than between-systems. Participants watched animated videos of an agent tracking a hidden ball that could hide in two locations, requiring mental state attribution updates from non-factive to either another non-factive or to a factive mental state. Saccadic reaction times (SRTs) to the ball's reappearance were measured. Results showed that both adults and infants had faster SRTs when updates occurred between two non-factive mental states compared to updates between a non-factive and a factive mental state. This supports the existence of distinct systems for factive and non-factive mental state attribution.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92v791vv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kisp‡l", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Agnes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kovacs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "CEU", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50265/galley/38227/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49537, "title": "EvoAgents: A Cognitive-Driven Framework for Personality Evolution in Generative Agent Society", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly advancing, providing innovative tools and methods for a wide range of applications. Among these, Generative Agents, a key domain in GenAI, are valued for their fine-grained definitions and simulations of human-like behaviors. These agents provide new avenues for studying and modeling various domains, including social interactions, education, and cognitive sciences. However, existing works suffer from cognitive dynamics disconnect and affective absence, which hinder researchers from exploring human-related cognitive processes in depth. To address these limitations, we propose EvoAgents, a novel cognitive-driven framework that pioneers the exploration of dynamic personality evolution in Generative Agents. By defining the emotional content of agents and integrating a cyclical personality evolution cycle, EvoAgents represent a significant step toward creating more adaptive and authentic agent behaviors. Comprehensive simulations and evaluations show that EvoAgents achieve superior performance in key automated metrics compared to prior work, while uniquely enabling reasonable and robust personality evolution processes that align with cognitive and psychological expectations. By constructing a new simulation environment, SmallClassroom, based on the EvoAgents framework, we validate the framework's ability to provide deeper cognitive insights into social dynamics, aligning closely with established psychological theories.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive architectures; Evolution; Social cognition; Agent-based Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s3173zf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yifan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "shijie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiale", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Keke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiangfeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hailong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tongji University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49537/galley/37499/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49910, "title": "Evolution on the Lexical Workbench: Disentangling Frequency, Centrality, and Polysemy in Language Evolution", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do words evolve in their usage and meaning over time? We investigate the relationship between word frequency, semantic richness, and network centrality through longitudinal analysis of the Corpus of Historical American English (1820–2019). Using measures of semantic richness and network position, we find that a word's betweenness centrality—its tendency to bridge different semantic domains—consistently predicts both its future semantic richness and frequency of use. This relationship strengthens over longer time intervals, with the strongest effects observed across a 100-year span. Notably, while frequency and semantic richness are correlated as established in the literature, our results indicate that there was no directional relationship between frequency and semantic richness, while network centrality exerts a significant influence on both of these factors. Our results suggest that a word's position within the semantic network might play a crucial role in its evolution: words that bridge different semantic domains are more likely to develop new meanings and change in frequency over time. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms driving language change.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Language acquisition; Language Production; Semantics of language" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7470b75z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zach", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Studdiford", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Qiawen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhengjun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lupyan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49910/galley/37872/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50128, "title": "Examining Children's Applications of Privacy Norms in a Digital, Photo-Sharing Game", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Children develop an understanding of privacy through experiences in both real and virtual contexts. As technology becomes central to their lives, it is crucial to explore how they navigate privacy in digital environments. This study examined children's application of privacy norms in a digital photo-sharing context and tested whether a privacy intervention could improve their understanding. In Experiment 1, 85 children (ages 5–8 years) and in Experiment 2, 35 children (ages 5–7 years) listened to a story about Sally, who appeared as a cartoon and a real person. Children decided whether Sally should allow a game to take her picture in different settings. Older children judged taking real Sally's picture as less permissible than cartoon Sally's. Experiment 2 introduced a privacy intervention, which influenced judgments equally across both versions of Sally. These findings suggest that children's privacy reasoning develops with age and can be shaped by targeted interventions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Reasoning; Social cognition; Statistics" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nv7s1cd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Petriw", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shaylene", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Nancekivell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Manitoba", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50128/galley/38090/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49224, "title": "Examining Future Context Predictability Effects in Word-form Variation and Word Choice", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Contextual predictability drives both word form and word choice in language use. The effects of the predictability of a word given its previous context are generally well-understood in both production and comprehension, but studies of naturalistic production have also revealed a poorly-understood backward predictability effect of a word given its future context, which may be related to planning. In this study, we revisit backward predictability effects using improved measures and more powerful language models, and introduce a principled measure of planning based on the pointwise mutual information between the word and the future context after controlling for the effects of previous context. We evaluate both measures for predicting word duration, and then extend the scope of these effects to a novel paradigm that involves predicting substitution errors in naturalistic productions. Our findings reveal that the proposed PMI-based measure of planning performs comparably to backward predictability. This analysis provides a useful test-bed for probing the link between past and future context predictability and underlying cognitive processes.\n\nKeywords: Language production; Information-theoretic linguistics; Corpus Research;", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Language Production; Predictive Processing; Computational Modeling; Corpus studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/314194w1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shiva", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Upadhye", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Irvine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Futrell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Irvine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49224/galley/37185/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49224/galley/38730/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50395, "title": "Examining Individual Differences in Within-Category Variability Reasoning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Cognitive developmental research suggests that people exhibit essentialist biases when reasoning about categories, leading them to underestimate within-category variability. However, prior accounts have been limited by small datasets per participant and a reliance on cohort-level analyses. We developed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo with People (MCMCp) task using ladybeetles as a model species. In the task, participants select the best version of a ladybeetle, and complete surveys assessing their biology knowledge and essentialist reasoning. We conducted individual-level analyses, focusing on hue—the feature participants reported using most to guide their MCMCp decision-making. Preliminary findings reveal variation in adult and children's category variability reasoning, with some participants accepting greater diversity in ladybeetle hue, while others showed more constrained, essentialist-like responses. We discuss these findings in relation to biology knowledge and essentialist reasoning, highlighting the importance of individual-level analyses in revealing factors that shape complex category reasoning and perceptions of within-category variability.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Concepts and categories; Development; Qualitative Analysis" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w89760m", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Olympia N.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mathiaparanam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pablo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leon Villagra", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brown University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daphna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buchsbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brown University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Karl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rosengren", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Rochester", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50395/galley/38357/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50401, "title": "Examining Item Difficulty in NLP: To What Extent Do Examinees Affect Item Difficulty?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has focused on estimating the difficulty of text content, culminating in a shared task conducted in 2025. However, since many researchers in NLP are not experts in educational psychology, the item difficulty in these shared task datasets is commonly defined by the proportion of examinees who answer an item correctly, and language model performance is evaluated accordingly. This definition is inherently sensitive to changes in the set of examinees who answer correctly, thereby altering item difficulty. To overcome this issue, educational psychology employs item response theory (IRT) to separate item difficulty from the examinee population. In this study, we investigate the extent to which language model performance evaluations differ when using IRT compared to the traditional method, based on the proportion of examinees who answered items correctly.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Linguistics; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling; Statistics" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mm1c8kk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ehara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tokyo Gakugei University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50401/galley/38363/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49684, "title": "Examining the Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Visual Working Memory and Decision-Making", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates how stress and anxiety influence the interplay between visual working memory and decision-making in human participants. Using the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (SECPT) to induce acute stress, we examined cognitive performance on a computerized behavioral paradigm (the Marble Jar Task) requiring the storage, manipulation, and utilization of visual information. Results revealed that while experimentally induced stress did not significantly affect overall accuracy, higher self-reported state anxiety was correlated with both lower decision-making accuracy and poorer visual memory performance. Interestingly, higher state anxiety was also correlated with increased attention towards high-value outcomes in decision-making. This work highlights the importance of understanding how stress and anxiety affect the interaction between interconnected cognitive functions, rather than studying isolated cognitive phenomena.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Memory; Representation; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jp9b9j0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rochelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kaper", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California-Irvine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alicia", "middle_name": "Ann", "last_name": "Walf", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Sims", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49684/galley/37646/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50149, "title": "Examining the Relationship Between Joint Attention and Word Recall in Preschool-Aged Children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Joint attention (JA) is a crucial form of early communication strongly associated with word learning and vocabulary development. However, limited research has examined JA in children older than 36 months, despite its potential role in classroom learning. This study employed head-mounted eye-tracking in a social interactive context to investigate the relationship between JA and word recall. During the study, JA was measured as parent-child pairs engaged in play with unfamiliar objects, with parents actively naming the objects. Subsequently, children were tested on their ability to recall the names of these objects. The results suggest that JA significantly predicted the recall of unfamiliar words but was not related to vocabulary development. These results contribute to the growing body of research on JA by providing insights into the potential mechanisms supporting word learning and vocabulary development.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Language acquisition; Social cognition; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37h9v0wx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perkovich", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Houston", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hanako", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshida", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Houston", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50149/galley/38111/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49440, "title": "Examining the Robustness of Neural Correlates of Infants' Sociomoral Evaluations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Research has shown that infants prefer prosocial characters over antisocial ones, suggesting that sociomoral evaluation is early-emerging. However, some have argued that infants' preferential responses stem from low-level perceptual processes rather than true social understanding. Using electroencephalography (EEG), past work has suggested that motivational and social, but not attentional, processes are implicated in infants' responses to prosocial versus antisocial acts and individuals, however, the majority of past work utilized a single type of prosocial/antisocial interactions: helping a character to climb a hill. To test the generalizability of past neural findings from the hill paradigm, here we examined infants' responses in a distinct helping/hindering scenario in which a character tries but fails to open a box and is alternatively helped or hindered. Largely replicating past work, infants showed greater activity in social (indexed by the P400) but not attentional (indexed by the Nc) ERP components when seeing hinderers versus helpers, consistent with claims that infants' responses to prosocial and antisocial agents are social. No evidence of differential approach/avoidance motivation during prosocial/antisocial events was found. These findings support the role of social processes in infants' sociomoral evaluations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Development; Social cognition; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g12s5zw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zohreh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Soleimani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Enda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lauren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Emberson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kiley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamlin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49440/galley/37402/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50068, "title": "Existing Models May Not be Able to Explain Letter-Position Encoding in Hindi: Evidence from a Priming Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Letter-position encoding is one of the constituent processes in\nvisual word recognition. While the existing models attempt to\nexplain letter-position encoding in English & other European\nlanguages written using the Roman Script, letter-position\nencoding in Hindi written using the Devanagari Script has not\nbeen studied in detail. Given that Hindi is spoken/read by over\n520 million people in India and the unique properties of the\nDevnagari Script (Vaid & Gupta, 2002; Kandhadai & Sproat,\n2010; Share et al., 2015), the current study sought to investigate\nletter-position encoding in Hindi. 66 participants performed a\nlexical decision task that employed six-prime conditions to\ncompare hypotheses from a) the position-specific coding\nscheme, b) local context sensitive coding scheme and the c)\nposition overlap coding scheme. Interestingly, the results\nshowed that none of the aforementioned coding schemes could\nsatisfactorily explain the obtained data. These findings may be\nused to question the generalizability of the extant letter-\nposition encoding schemes to the relatively understudied\nlanguages such as Hindi, which use scripts different from the\nRoman script.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Reading; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91p2n1dc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Suraj", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anurag", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Khare", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Verma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50068/galley/38030/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49503, "title": "Experience-driven discovery of planning strategies", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "One explanation for how people can plan efficiently despite limited cognitive resources is that we possess a set of adaptive planning strategies and know when and how to use them. But how are these strategies acquired? While previous research has studied how individuals learn to choose among existing strategies, little is known about the process of forming new planning strategies. In this work, we propose that new planning strategies are discovered through metacognitive reinforcement learning. To test this, we designed an experiment to investigate the discovery of new planning strategies. We then presented metacognitive reinforcement learning models and demonstrated their capability for strategy discovery as well as show that they provided a better explanation of human strategy discovery than alternative learning mechanisms. However, when fitted to human data, these models exhibited a slower discovery rate than humans, leaving room for improvement.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Learning; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29c082ks", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ruiqi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Falk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lieder", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49503/galley/37465/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50258, "title": "Experiencing Positive and Negative Emotions in L1 vs. L2", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Bilinguals perceive events differently in their native (L1) and second languages (L2; e.g., Dylman & BjärtÃ¥, 2019). A possible explanation for this \"foreign language effect\" is that L2 makes the described event feel less personal or emotional, leading to more analytical thinking. Prior research has (1) focused predominantly on negative emotions, and (2) not considered individual differences in how relatable an event feels, potentially modulating emotional intensities. This study tests both positive and negative events and how relatable each event feels. Participants, randomly assigned to the L1 or L2 condition, read 8 happy and 8 sad stories, and rated the emotion they felt for each story and its similarity to their personal experience. Preliminary descriptive results (N=17) suggest that emotion is felt more intensely in L1, regardless of valence. With the final dataset, we will examine whether Language, Valence, and Relatability independently and interactively predict the felt emotion.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Emotion; Language and thought" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d7840t4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Junko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kanero", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sabanci University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ay_e Nur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mart", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sabanci University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50258/galley/38220/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50071, "title": "Experimentally extracting implicit instruments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Models of events represent the interactions of the entities involved. In the event \"The chef chopped an onion,\" a chef and an onion are explicitly involved, and the event results in a chopped onion. However, it is also implied that an instrument, e.g., a knife, must interact with the chef and the onion. In this study, we investigate the extent to which people model different implicit instruments in event representations. We find that people's representations of events reliably include instruments that are implied to be involved even when they are not explicitly stated in the event description. These findings are consistent across different sentence constructions of events, suggesting that implicit instrument representation is robust in comprehension of events. We also show that implicit instrument representation persists despite lexical priming of other items, and that the representations provide evidence for the disambiguation of the Instrument semantic role from other semantic role categories.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Event cognition; Language Comprehension; Representation" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bw3b30k", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ashlyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winship", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zander", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lynch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Schijndel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50071/galley/38033/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50126, "title": "Explaining Necessary Truths", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Knowing the truth is rarely enough---we also seek out reasons why the fact is true. While much is known about how we explain contingent truths, we understand less about how we explain facts, such as those in mathematics, that are true as a matter of logical necessity. We present a framework, based in computational complexity, where explanations for deductive truths co-emerge with discoveries of simplifying steps during the search process. When such structures are missing, we revert, in turn, to error-based reasons, where a (corrected) mistake can serve as fictitious, but explanatory, contingency-cause: not making the mistake serves as a reason why the truth takes the form it does. We simulate human subjects, using GPT-4o, presented with SAT problems of varying complexity and reasonableness, validating our theory and showing how its predictions can be tested in future human studies.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Philosophy; Psychology; Causal reasoning; Complex systems; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gw5j9kf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "DeDeo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gulce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kardes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado, Boulder", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-02T02:00:00+08:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50126/galley/38088/download/" } ] } ] }