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{ "count": 39481, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=2900", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=2700", "results": [ { "pk": 50071, "title": "Experimentally extracting implicit instruments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Models of events represent the interactions of the entities involved. In the event \"The chef chopped an onion,\" a chef and an onion are explicitly involved, and the event results in a chopped onion. However, it is also implied that an instrument, e.g., a knife, must interact with the chef and the onion. In this study, we investigate the extent to which people model different implicit instruments in event representations. We find that people's representations of events reliably include instruments that are implied to be involved even when they are not explicitly stated in the event description. These findings are consistent across different sentence constructions of events, suggesting that implicit instrument representation is robust in comprehension of events. We also show that implicit instrument representation persists despite lexical priming of other items, and that the representations provide evidence for the disambiguation of the Instrument semantic role from other semantic role categories.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Event cognition; Language Comprehension; Representation" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bw3b30k", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ashlyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winship", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zander", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lynch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Schijndel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50071/galley/38033/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50126, "title": "Explaining Necessary Truths", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Knowing the truth is rarely enough---we also seek out reasons why the fact is true. While much is known about how we explain contingent truths, we understand less about how we explain facts, such as those in mathematics, that are true as a matter of logical necessity. We present a framework, based in computational complexity, where explanations for deductive truths co-emerge with discoveries of simplifying steps during the search process. When such structures are missing, we revert, in turn, to error-based reasons, where a (corrected) mistake can serve as fictitious, but explanatory, contingency-cause: not making the mistake serves as a reason why the truth takes the form it does. We simulate human subjects, using GPT-4o, presented with SAT problems of varying complexity and reasonableness, validating our theory and showing how its predictions can be tested in future human studies.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Philosophy; Psychology; Causal reasoning; Complex systems; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gw5j9kf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "DeDeo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gulce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kardes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado, Boulder", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50126/galley/38088/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50220, "title": "Explicit Cooperation Shapes Human-Like Multi-Agent LLM Negotiation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans develop cooperation heuristics in social decision-making, either intuitively or deliberatively. Large language models (LLMs), which exhibit human-like biases across cognitive domains, may acquire prosocial tendencies through instruction tuning, enabling cooperative behavior in strategic reasoning games. However, most studies of this kind either focus on cooperative language generation or explicitly instruct LLMs to cooperate, deviating from the inherent cooperation heuristics of humans. Using negotiation role-play simulations with BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement), we found that LLMs struggle with cooperation in the absence of explicit instructions, leading to a 50–80% lower success rate than in instructed scenarios and 50–60% lower than human performance reported in past studies. Implicitly inducing cooperation through personality traits had inconsistent effects, with agreeableness showing marginal influence and other traits exhibiting no systematic impact. These findings suggest that personality-based cooperation cues are subtle, and explicit instructions remain essential for multi-agent LLMs to approximate human-like negotiation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Psychology; Sociology; Behavioral Science; Complex systems; Group Behaviour; Intelligent agents; Natural Language Processing; Social cognition; Agent-based M" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29m2j2s4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yanru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Los Angeles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "GŸl_ah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ak�akõr", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50220/galley/38182/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50322, "title": "Exploring 3- and 11-month-olds' understanding of social versus nonsocial goals", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Research in the cognitive sciences has demonstrated infants' remarkable ability to mentalize, such as their capacity for goal attribution (Woodward, 1998). However, failed replications of seminal findings have brought into question the strength of such capacities. One possibility is that infants are likely to mentalize in socially relevant/evaluative contexts (Woo et al., 2023). In two pre-registered studies, the present work investigated this possibility by testing whether 3-month-olds (via VoE; Woodward, 1998) and 11-month-olds (via anticipatory looking; Cannon & Woodward, 2012) will show stronger evidence of goal attribution for social versus nonsocial goals. Preliminary analyses revealed surprising results: Three-month-olds (N=52) show evidence of attributing location goals only in the social condition. By contrast, 11-month-olds (N=36) showed the reverse: Their anticipatory eye-movements showed evidence of attributing location goals in the nonsocial condition. The poster will present data from the full target sample (N=64) and further interpret these novel findings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mt4j0px", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Francis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yuen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kiley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamlin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50322/galley/38284/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49559, "title": "Exploring a Problem Before Instruction Using Graphs versus Tables", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Traditional education is instructor-centered. Providing exploratory learning activities before instruction typically engages students and improves learning. However, the design of exploratory learning activities can impact learning processes. This study investigated whether using tables or graphs in a statistics activity impacted exploratory learning processes and outcomes. Undergraduate students (N=252) in classroom and lab settings were taught about standard deviation. In instruct-first conditions, students received instruction, then an activity including either graphs or tables. In explore-first conditions, students explored either activity before instruction. After exploring, participants in the explore-first condition reported greater knowledge gaps and curiosity than the instruct-first condition. Graphical materials reduced cognitive load compared to tabular. However, instructional order and activity design did not impact learning outcomes (procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, representational transfer). Conceptual understanding was highest if students attempted multiple solutions while exploring graphical materials. Depth of exploration may affect conceptual benefits, especially when using graphical materials.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Psychology; Learning; Problem Solving; Classroom studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rj8r31d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lianda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Velic", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Louisville", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marci S.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "DeCaro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Louisville", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49559/galley/37521/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49940, "title": "Exploring Associations Among AI Usage, Anthropomorphism, and Perceived Human Uniqueness in Adolescents", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) prompts reflections on the nature of human identity, particularly regarding perceptions of human uniqueness. Adolescents today interact with AI more frequently than any previous generation, yet little is known about the psychological implications of AI on their development. This study explores the associations among AI usage, anthropomorphism, and perceived human uniqueness in adolescents. Through a survey with 487 adolescents aged 13 to 19, we found 1) older adolescents perceived less agency and experience in humans compared to younger ones, whereas no age-related differences were observed in AI usage, anthropomorphic tendency, and perceptions of AI; 2) higher AI usage and anthropomorphic tendency were associated with reduced perceptions of human uniqueness in both agency and experience; and 3) anthropomorphism could serve as a psychological mechanism linking AI usage and perceived human uniqueness. This study contributes to broader philosophical and societal discussions about AI and human uniqueness.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Development; Perception; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q72c631", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Echo Zexuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "L. Monique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ward", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49940/galley/37902/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49819, "title": "Exploring Causal and Compositional Reasoning in Large Language Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown surprising capabilities in reasoning tasks despite lacking direct physical experience with the world. We examine LLMs' ability to reason about object affordances through a tool innovation task where one must select unconventional objects to replace typical tools. In a study comparing GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4o with human participants (N=100), we found that while GPT-3.5 performed significantly worse than humans (38.7% vs. 85.8%), GPT-4o with chain-of-thought prompting achieved human-level performance (85.0%). Qualitative analysis revealed that both models could identify causally relevant object properties, but GPT-4o was superior in flexibly applying these properties in novel contexts. We argue that this success relies on compositional reasoning—the ability to decompose objects into abstract properties and recombine them for novel uses. Our findings suggest that LLMs' ability to reason about object affordances has progressed substantially, highlighting the need for further mechanistic research to characterise LLMs' underlying abilities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Causal reasoning; Embodied Cognition; Problem Solving; Reasoning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cc8w7pg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Magnus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gjerde", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Vanessa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lagnado", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49819/galley/37781/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49550, "title": "Exploring Neural Correlates of Predictability in Natural Face-to-Face Conversation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Prediction is central in human language processing, as the brain continuously predicts upcoming words using prior knowledge and context. Surprisal theory quantifies predictability using word surprisal. While previous studies link neural activity to surprisal during passive listening or reading, we investigate how surprisal is tracked in dynamic face-to-face conversations. Two key challenges arise: estimating surprisal as well as identifying predictions in EEG data in natural conversation. We address the first challenge by adapting a pre-trained large language model to a dataset of spontaneous conversation capturing features like hesitations and repetitions. We then relate the surprisal estimated by the adapted model to EEG data using temporal response functions. Our experimental results show neural tracking of surprisal at different time lags after word onset, supporting the surprisal theory in face-to-face conversation. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to address the application of surprisal theory in such interactive settings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Predictive Processing; Computational neuroscience; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34c0h6w9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Oussama", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SILEM", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numŽrique", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ma•wenn", "middle_name": "Annie", "last_name": "Fleig", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Aix-Marseille University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Philippe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Blache", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ILCB", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Auriane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boudin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Aix-Marseille University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Houda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "OUFAIDA", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ecole nationale Superieure d'Informatique (ESI)", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Leonor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Becerra-Bonache", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Aix-Marseille University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49550/galley/37512/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49798, "title": "Exploring Neural Synchronization with EEG Using Fractal Animations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study explores inter-subject neural synchronization, measured via inter-subject correlation (ISC), using EEG during fractal animation observation. Fractal animations, characterized by iterative self-similarity and visual complexity, provide a controlled stimulus devoid of semantic or emotional content, facilitating analysis of core sensory and predictive mechanisms. Fifteen participants watched fractal animations while their EEG was recorded. Following preprocessing, including artifact removal and spatial filtering, ISC was calculated using correlated component analysis. Results showed robust synchronization in occipital regions, linked to early visual processing, and frontal areas, associated with attentional control. Two control manipulations—phase randomization and temporal shuffling—reduced ISC by 65% and 70% (p < 0.001), confirming coherence. Peak synchronization aligned with heightened visual complexity and abrupt transitions. A correlation between self-reported focus and ISC highlighted top-down modulation. These findings endorse fractal animations as a powerful paradigm for studying neural responses, yielding insights into multisensory integration and cognitive processing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer Science; Neuroscience; Psychology; Art and Cognition; Perception; Predictive Processing; Sensory Processing; Vision; Computational Modeling; C" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8599208t", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sarshar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dorosti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ulster University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mohsen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shabani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute for cognitive and brain sciences", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49798/galley/37760/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49666, "title": "Exploring resource-rational planning under time pressure in online chess", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human planning is incredibly efficient. Even in complex situations with many possible courses of action, people are able to make good decisions. Recent proposals suggest that a primary contributor to this efficiency is the intelligent use of cognitive resources, but how people allocate these resources under time constraints is not fully understood. In this work, we conduct a resource-rational analysis of planning in a large data set of online chess games. We first demonstrate that players spent more time thinking when they had more time to do so, and that this effect was especially prevalent when computation was more valuable. Then, we show that additional time spent planning resulted in better selected moves when one existed, and compare between signals of general and immediate time pressure. Finally, we highlight the role of expertise in this setting. Our results provide evidence that people make resource-rational choices when planning under time pressure.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Decision making; Reasoning; Big data" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75b4m9c2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ionatan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kuperwajs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Evan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Russek", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schut", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yotam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sagiv", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcelo", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Mattar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wei Ji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffiths", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49666/galley/37628/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50094, "title": "Exploring spatial and temporal dynamics of language comprehension in the brain with CCG", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In computational psycho/neurolinguistics, it has been investigated how the human incremental sentence processing is reflected in behavioral/neural data. Previous studies have been using a metric called node count, the number of the syntactic nodes from the represented trees, which predicts neural activity that presumably deals with the structural complexity in the sentence processing. However, node count does not dissociate different operations that derive the syntactic structures, and these distinct operations and other metrics derived from a grammar haven't been fully investigated for human neural data. In this respect, Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), a linguistically well-motivated theory, was employed in this study. This work explores CCG-derived metrics to investigate whether these metrics contribute to predict the neural data (EEG and fMRI). The results revealed that these metrics improved the fit in relevant ERP components and the language-related regions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Language Comprehension; Syntax; Electroencephalography (EEG); fMRI" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4664w947", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shinnosuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Isono", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kohei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kajikawa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yushi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sugimoto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Osaka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Masayuki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Asahara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yohei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oseki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Tokyo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50094/galley/38056/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49319, "title": "Exploring the affective structure of children's early language environment through egocentric video", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When addressing infants, parents often exaggerate positive affect in both their faces and speech. While these cues have been theorized to support learning, their frequency alongside linguistic input and the information they convey in children's real-world experiences remain unclear. We analyzed ~377 hours of egocentric at-home videos from infants (5–28 months) to examine affective cues in faces and language surrounding early-learned words. Using automated tools, we tagged happy affect in the utterance in which each word was embedded and in co-occurring faces. Faces were visible in only 13.5% of word instances, and even fewer displayed happy affect. However, more (vs. less) positive words tended to co-occur with happier faces. Linguistic context, in contrast, conveyed stronger positive affect and more reliably aligned with word valence than facial affect. These findings suggest that facial and linguistic affect may serve distinct roles in infants' learning environments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Emotion Perception; Language acquisition; Language understanding" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cb8n684", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mira", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Nencheva", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49319/galley/37280/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49523, "title": "Exploring the Cognitive Diversity of Political Concepts", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Prior research has shown that people vary considerably in how they interpret political concepts, a variability often attributed to liberal–conservative differences underlying political polarization. In this study, rather than focusing on the liberal–conservative dichotomy, we considered personality and morality variables as possible predictors of cognitive diversity in subjects' interpretation of political concepts. Participants completed brief personality (HEXACO) and morality (MAC) assessments, followed by a series of association ratings for the concepts of freedom, justice, and authority. We found that certain personality traits and moral dimensions correlate with higher associations between probe concepts. Furthermore, clustering of political inclination on morality dimensions and concept ratings suggested that the latter made a limited contribution to political diversity, only raising the number of clusters from 2 to 3.\nKeywords: personality; morality; conceptual diversity; freedom; justice; authority", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Concepts and categories; Representation; Social cognition; Statistics; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84s243q8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Astghik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Altunyan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shimon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Edelman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49523/galley/37485/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49562, "title": "Exploring the Face Inversion Effect as an Indicator of Age Bias: The Impact of External Facial Features", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We report here two behavioural experiments that investigated the Own Age Bias (OAB), better recognition performance of own-age vs. other-age faces, measured by the Face Inversion Effect (FIE). Both experiments employed an old/new recognition task where upright and inverted own (young adults) and other (older adults) where presented intermixed. Experiment 1 (n=48), used real-life faces, and revealed a robust OAB, where a significantly larger FIE (higher recognition for upright vs. inverted faces) was found for own vs. other age faces due to a reduced performance for upright other age faces. Experiment 2 (n=48) used standardised faces and revealed no effect of OAB, and no difference between upright own vs. other age faces. We interpret our results in the context of the perceptual learning and faces recognition literature.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Face Processing; Memory; Perception; cognitive neuropsychology" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63s2f74h", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guangtong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Exeter", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ciro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Civile", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Exeter", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49562/galley/37524/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50027, "title": "Exploring the Impact of Cognitive and Sensorimotor Activity on Arousal in an Embodied Learning Environment", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Embodied cognition theory posits cognition as fundamentally situated within and enacted through the affective and physical body and environment. Grounding in this theoretical perspective, we investigate learners' fluctuations in arousal state in the context of a math pedagogical tool, Balance Board Math, that invites children to explore concepts through bodily movement on rockable boards. Balance Board Math's design invites bodily movement as both a means to explore mathematical concepts and as a means to provide affectively-regulating sensory input to the vestibular (balance) sense. In this pilot analysis, we explore data collected with electrodermal activity wristbands (N = 9017 from 6 participants) to examine how their arousal states varied in relation to their cognitive-affective-physical activity as they explored and learned concepts through Balance Board Math movement-based activities. Using a mixed-effects regression model, we analyze how bodily rocking movements with different situated meaning within learners' problem-solving, as well as the impact of reaching fluency within each activity, impacted their arousal. We found that rocking movements undertaken to generate graphs had the opposite impact on arousal from non-instrumental rocking movements, and that reaching fluency with enacting and explaining solutions to movement-based math problems was associated with reduced arousal. These findings highlight the interplay of cognitive and physical drivers of arousal regulation in embodied learning environments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Embodied Cognition; Instruction and teaching; Problem Solving; Sensory Processing" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sk663vb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Fukun Evelene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carleton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sofia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tancredi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50027/galley/37989/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50212, "title": "Exploring the Impact of Regularity, Frequency and Phonological Complexity on Morphological Production in Children with DLD and Phonological Disorders", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study examined the effects of regularity, frequency, and phonological complexity on morphological production in Turkish-speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and phonological disorder (PD) compared to typically developing (TD) peers. Thirty children (ages 4–6) completed elicited production tasks using real and nonce words with regular and irregular noun and verb suffixes. DLD children showed lower accuracy in tasks involving consonant voicing and epenthesis and performed significantly worse on irregular suffixation, often substituting irregular forms with familiar ones. Nonce word production confirmed these challenges. Random Forest analyses indicated that phonotactic probability best predicted TD performance, while lemma frequency and phonological neighborhood density were more influential for DLD and PD groups, respectively. These findings suggest that DLD children rely on familiar, regular forms to manage morphological complexity, reflecting distinct processing strategies compared to PD and TD peers.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Education; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Language acquisition; Language Production; Morphology; Phonology; Clinical methods; cognitive neuropsych" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mg9v2tj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Selcuk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guven", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Montreal", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Aysin Noyan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Erbas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hacettepe Univesity", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nazmiye", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Atila Caglar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hacettepe Univesity", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50212/galley/38174/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49615, "title": "Exploring the Intuitive Theory of Empathy", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Empathy is an emotion that plays a key role in emotional understanding and perspective-taking, and has been identified as a strong motivator for prosocial behavior. We explore people's intuitive theory of empathy, focusing more specifically on the role that the concept of empathy plays in people's causal model of prosocial behavior. We suggest that people implicitly think of empathy as indexing the weight that the actor puts on the welfare of the recipient when deciding whether to help. We test this proposal by asking participants (N=150) to read a series of vignettes in which an actor has the opportunity to help a recipient in need. We find that participants have a robust expectation that actors who feel empathy for the recipient are more likely to help. Furthermore, participants seem to expect that actors who feel empathy are more sensitive to the potential benefits of an action when deciding whether to help. We also test if people can `invert' this intuitive theory to make inferences about an actor's empathy, given their observable behavior. We find only weak evidence that they can do so, although this might be due to limitations in our experimental design. Overall, our work is a first step toward elucidating the computational principles underlying laypeople's conception of empathy.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Empathy; Social cognition; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gw0888x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Madeleine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Horner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tadeg", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Quillien", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moore", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49615/galley/37577/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50355, "title": "Exploring the mechanisms that enable multimodal reasoning about data visualizations in vision-language models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans can readily integrate visual, linguistic, and numerical information to extract meaning from symbolic displays of information. For instance, answering even a simple question about a data visualization requires connecting tokens of language to visual features in the plot to support quantitative inferences. What are the core computational mechanisms that enable integration across modalities to support such reasoning? Open-source vision-language models (VLMs) might provide a useful testbed for investigating these mechanisms, but doing so requires a high degree of experimental control. To achieve this control, we procedurally generated a large dataset containing pairs of questions and data visualizations that varied along several independent and ecologically important dimensions, including the number of observations and how they were distributed. We identified several open VLMs whose performance was sensitive to this variation, establishing their viability for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying multimodal reasoning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Language understanding; Reasoning; Vision; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs5p3g5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alexa", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Tartaglini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Potts", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Judith", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Fan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50355/galley/38317/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49618, "title": "Exploring the Role of Productivity in Arabic Word Recognition: Insights from a Masked Priming Experiment ", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Semitic languages are characterized as having two types of discontinuous morphemes: roots and word patterns. The role of these morphemes in lexical access and representation remains debated, especially in the case of word patterns. Roots exhibit robust priming for both nouns and verbs, while word patterns yield mixed results—verbal patterns tend to show stronger priming effects than nominal ones. While previous research (e.g., Deutsch et al., 1998) suggested that differences in productivity might explain these word class effects on word pattern priming, no study has directly investigated this hypothesis. To isolate the contributions of productivity and word class, we used a 2×2 factorial design crossing productivity (high vs. low) with word class (verb vs. noun). This design allows us to disentangle the two variables that were previously confounded in studies such as Boudelaa & Marslen-Wilson (2015). We did this using a masked visual priming experiment in Arabic. We found that, regardless of word class, high- productivity patterns showed robust priming, whereas low- productivity patterns did not. Additionally, priming from high- productivity patterns was distinct from semantic and orthographic effects, confirming the independent role of word patterns in morphological decomposition. These results support the dual-route model of lexical access (Baayen et al., 1997).</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Neuroscience; Psychology; Decision making; Language Comprehension; Language understanding; Morphology; Speech recognition; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qq2n6sd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Abeer", "middle_name": "Ali", "last_name": "Abbas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jazan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lily", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Megha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sundara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49618/galley/37580/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50052, "title": "Exploring the role of visual attention in relational reasoning across two cultures", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Relations like \"same\" and \"different\" are among the earliest abstract concepts, and this type of reasoning may be central to human cognition (Gentner, 2003). While relational reasoning is a ubiquitous part of human experience and a key feature of cognitive development, the path that young learners follow as they begin to reason about relations varies across cultures, with children showing differences in both relational matching performance, and preference for relational solutions in an ambiguous context as early as 3 years (Carstensen et al., 2019; Carstensen et al., 2023). Which features of the environment prompt the early emergence of these cross-cultural differences? Several prominent accounts implicate early appearing differences in visual attention, which could facilitate or impair relational reasoning by highlighting the relevant relational context. We explore the role of visual attention in relational reasoning through attention priming with 381 children in two cultural contexts, the US and South Korea.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive development; Culture; Learning; Reasoning; Cross-cultural analysis" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q13s1dv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alexandra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carstensen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Arizona State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shanthi", "middle_name": "Varshini", "last_name": "Kuppa", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCSD", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yujin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jeong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "CAUdeveloplab", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Meizi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chung-Ang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ai Nghi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Diep", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Youngon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Choi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chung-Ang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Caren", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Walker", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50052/galley/38014/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49461, "title": "Exploring the Speech-to-Song Illusion: A Comparative Study of Standard Korean and Dialects", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Speech-to-Song Illusion (STS) phenomenon, where repeated short speech utterances transform into perceived song, has drawn attention to its underlying mechanisms and cross-linguistic differences. This study examines the STS effects among Korean speakers, comparing standard Korean (non-tonal) and dialects such as Gyeongsang (pitch-accent, tonal) and Jeju (non-tonal but intonation-rich), which exhibit varying levels of linguistic tonal features. Participants (N = 60), evenly divided between standard and dialect users, evaluated 180 auditory stimuli comprising standard Korean, Gyeongsang, and Jeju utterances under controlled repetition conditions.\nResults revealed significant STS effects across all groups and stimuli, with stronger effects observed for dialectal stimuli, particularly Jeju, compared to standard Korean. Interestingly, differences between standard and dialect speaker groups in STS perception were not statistically significant, suggesting that exposure to diverse linguistic environments, facilitated by modern Korean media, may homogenize perceptual responses to tonal variations. The study highlights the influence of tonal and rhythmic elements in STS perception and underscores the cultural and linguistic uniqueness of Korean as a fertile ground for exploring auditory illusions.\nThis research contributes to understanding the interplay of linguistic and perceptual factors in STS and opens avenues for cross-cultural comparisons and neuroscientific investigations of auditory illusions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Music; Perception; Case studies; Qualitative Analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59n9j0gq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Haesun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Joung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seoul National University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ahyeon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Choi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seoul National University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kyogu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seoul National University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49461/galley/37423/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50378, "title": "Exploring Vector Representations for Phonological Similarity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent research has compared representation models of word meaning (Brown et al., 2023, Cognitive Science 47:e13291), however, less research has compared representation models of words' perceptual features. Thus, we compared vector-space word representation models that can be used to quantify words' phonological similarity. The main structure of the model was adapted from Cox et al.'s orthographic representation model (Behavior Research Methods 43:602-15, 2011). Variations of the model included phonetic mapping scheme, encoding scheme, the inclusion of lexical stress, and the combination of orthographic and phonological representations. We tested the model variants against human-rated phonological similarity and both phonological and orthographic Damerau-Levenshtein distance. Open n-gram encoding (1 ≤ n ≤ 2) performed better overall than terminal relative encoding across all phonological similarity metrics. Concatenated orthographic-phonological vectors improved the prediction of human ratings with terminal-relative encoding only. Using more fine-grained phonetic mapping or including lexical stress had minimal effects.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Linguistics; Psychology; Phonology; Representation" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cf0v5x8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schrock", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Minyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reid", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Northern British Columbia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50378/galley/38340/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49196, "title": "Exposing the Biased Vulnerabilities of Large Language Models in Explainable Recommender Systems", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Explainable recommender systems (XRSs) enhance user trust by providing personalized recommendations followed by persuasive explanations. Integrating large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, advances this domain but introduces risks from biases embedded within LLMs. These biases can lead XRSs to generate persuasive explanations that promote favored recommendations, influencing users to accept the model's preferences over their own. This paper identifies a previously unrecognized security threat: the intentional induction of XRSs via biased LLMs to promote specific items through misleading yet compelling explanations. Inspired by work in the psychology of persuasion, we construct biased datasets and systematically insert these biases into LLM-based XRSs. Experiments across four leading LLMs reveal that biases can significantly affect user decisions, with close to 50\\% of users changing their choices. To counteract this, we propose a prompt rephrasing defense that effectively mitigates these biases, safeguarding the trustworthiness of XRSs.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21g0z8dn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Weizhi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xingkong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National University of Defense Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Academy of Military Science", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Baoyun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Peng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Academy of Military Science", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49196/galley/37157/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49196/galley/38702/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49744, "title": "Extending a Mathematical Theory of the Emergence of Knowledge from the Experience to Capture Learning Dynamics in Transformers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Transformer architecture used in LLMs has garnered\nwidespread attention due to these model's human-like\nconceptual knowledge and language understanding, yet\nunderstanding how these models' capabilities result from\nexperience-guided learning, and connecting this learning\nprocess with the structure in their training data, can seem\nintractable. Here we present preliminary steps to\ncharacterizing the developmental trajectory of a minimal\nTransformer trained on a next-token prediction task, using a\nsimple dataset with quantifiable uncertainty and a simple,\nintuitively characterizable structure that captures some aspects\nof natural semantic structure learned by LLMs from large\ndatasets. We show how the dynamic learning process of this\nmodel is a predictable consequence of the structure of the\ntraining data, exhibiting attested features of human semantic\ndevelopment, as captured in a theory of neural network\nlearning dynamics (Saxe et. al. 2019) previously used to\ncapture such dynamics in a network originally introduced by\nRumelhart & Todd (1993).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive architectures; Cognitive development; Machine learning; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jb4v2wd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sabrina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McClelland", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49744/galley/37706/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49608, "title": "Externalizing Imagery: Exploring the Phenomenology of Outsight", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We adapted Irving's (2014) Image Control and Recognition Task (ICRT) to explore a phenomenon we term outsight. The ICRT is a visual synthesis task: Participants construct a mental image of an object following stepwise instructions. They are then asked to name and subsequently draw the imagined object. We focus on trials when participants after having failed to name their mental image, could do so after having drawn it. In this exploratory study, such outsight recognition occurred on 29% of the ICRT trials. In addition, outsight recognition was accompanied by some of the phenomenological markers associated with aha! experiences. We offer some reflections on the importance of reified imagery for creativity.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Creativity; Distributed cognition; Qualitative Analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p41n5rv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Frederic", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vallee-Tourangeau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Kingston University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wendy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ross", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "London Metropolitan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49608/galley/37570/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49420, "title": "Extracting Latent Dimensions from Multidimensional Response Timing Data", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Computer-based assessments enable the collection of fine-grained response process data through log files. We propose a novel method for extracting latent dimensions from such multidimensional response timing data, based on applying the Weighted MDS (WMDS) model. In our method, dissimilarities among examinees in their response timing vectors are computed, one such matrix for each test item, then WMDS is applied to this collection of matrices. The resulting latent dimensions represent variation among examinees in their patterns of response timing variables, with the dimension weights of the WMDS model reflecting differences across items in the importance of the latent dimensions. Latent dimensions are interpreted via permutation-based importance, correlation analysis and network analysis. Our method is demonstrated using response data from the PISA 2018 Reading and Mathematics assessments. Results show that the extracted latent dimensions are statistically reliable, educationally interpretable, and boost predictive accuracy when used in conjunction with item scores.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Instruction and teaching; Statistical learning; Mathematical modeling; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wm1k7cv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guoliang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Teachers College,Columbia University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Corter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Columbia University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49420/galley/37382/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49494, "title": "Eye movement behavior during mind wandering in older adults", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Aging is associated with task-specific changes in eye movements, and thus eye movements during mind wandering (MW) in older adults may differ from young adults. We showed that changes in number of fixations or fixation duration were associated with MW in young adults when searching for information but not older adults, possibly due to aging-related changes in these measures. Similarly, larger variance in pupil diameter change was associated with MW when imagining a scenario in young but not older adults, possibly related to aging-related affect stability. In contrast, lower eye movement consistency was associated with MW when implementing well-learned visual routines in older but not young adults, possibly related to their higher susceptibility to MW interferences. Reduced joint attention with another participant was associated with MW for tasks involving clearly defined strategies for both young and older adults. These results have important implications for monitoring task engagement through eye tracking.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Learning; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t34x5kf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Xiaoru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Teng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gloria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Reading", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Antoni", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Chan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "City University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Janet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hsiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong University of Science & Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49494/galley/37456/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50189, "title": "Eye Movement Patterns Influence Investment Decision Making", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Goals play an essential role in how individuals process visual information. Prior work shows that different explicit visual task goals, such as instructing participants to identify specific graph features, lead to distinct visual search strategies and eye movement patterns (Hosseinpour et al., 2024). However, little is known about how such goals influence attention and decisions when not explicitly guided. This study explores how explicit and implicit goals influence attention and decisions in stock market graphs. In three eye-tracking experiments, we investigate the impact of auditory instructions and implicit visual cues that guide participants to focus on either the highest or lowest dips in stock market trend lines. The auditory instructions are provided either explicitly, directing participants on where to look, or implicitly, by subtly guiding their gaze through descriptive scenarios about each company. Our findings suggest that attentional goals significantly influenced participants' gaze fixation patterns and investment decisions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Human-computer interaction; Vision; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45d058c9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Helia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hosseinpour", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zenaida", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aguirre-Munoz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Spivey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Spencer", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Castro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ryskin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lace", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Padilla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northeastern University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50189/galley/38151/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50114, "title": "Eyes on Her: A Pilot Eye-Tracking Study of the Attentional Advantage of Happy Female Faces", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Our study investigated the emotion-based modulation in attentional mechanisms towards male and female emotional faces simultaneously in the extrafoveal vision. We presented pairs of female and male faces of the same emotions peripherally (≥5° from the fixation point) to a central letter discrimination task, to examine gender preference in attentional capture under conditions of mutual competition for processing resources. Eye movement measures were used to assess selective orienting and attentional engagement. Results revealed a strong attentional preference for happy and neutral female faces, indicating an inherent attentional advantage for female faces, particularly when expressing happiness. Happy female faces attracted significantly more initial fixations, supporting the hypothesis that positive emotions have a unique capacity to capture attention. Despite no significant differences in dwell time, female faces consistently received more fixations. These findings highlight the unique attention-capturing capacity of happy female faces and suggest that positive emotional expressions have a distinct role in guiding attentional processing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Emotion Perception; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hx0j7v0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lijiya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chacko", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rashmi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gupta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "IIT Bpmbay", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50114/galley/38076/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50213, "title": "Eye tracking in the real world: a graph-theoretical analysis and comparison to virtual realty", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Is virtual reality (VR) necessary to conduct complex immersive eye-tracking studies or can similar data be recorded and analyzed in the real world? \n\nWe adapted a spatial navigation paradigm from VR to the real city Limassol. Specifically, we combined a free exploration of 130 min with two pointing tasks while recording eye-tracking, head-tracking and GPS data. We labeled the eye-tracking data with a new classification pipeline and found a similar gaze distribution over object categories in both the real world and VR. Furthermore, we hand-labeled fixations on buildings to apply a graph-theoretical analysis. When comparing our results with VR we found some differences (e.g. graph density, diameter), but also many similarities in viewing behavior (e.g. hierarchy index, gaze-graph-defined landmarks). \n\nOverall, our work showcases the feasibility of complex eye-tracking experiments in the real world and highlights the similarity of viewing behavior in both the real world and virtual reality.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Spatial cognition; Vision; Case studies; cognitive neuropsychology; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p1277tc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jasmin L.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walter", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Debora", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nolte", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Paula", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vondrlik", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "von Bassewitz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Luna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dšring", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jonas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scherer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University Bielefeld", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "MŸller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University Bielefeld", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kšnig", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of OsnabrŸck", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50213/galley/38175/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50195, "title": "Eyetracking measures of performance on the Traveling Salesperson Problem", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have been proposed to employ heuristics integrating global and local spatial information (Pizlo et al., 2006). Because different neuroanatomical regions may be involved in local vs. global processing, as well as attentional shift between levels, performance on the TSP may provide useful insight into changes that occur in the brain as a result of age or of neurodegenerative disorders (Slavin, 2002). In a previous study, we compared the performance of healthy adults in conditions that varied the availability of global cues. Surprisingly, our results indicated excellent performance on configurations requiring global information, even in conditions that masked these cues. The current study uses eyetracking to examine target fixations during the TSP. The question was whether participants compensate for the presence of distractor cues by constructing a mental outline of the configuration before selecting a route.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Neuroscience; Psychology; Spatial cognition; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vh2c9gh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kanan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Riya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Majmudar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Isabella", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paganini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Blaser", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50195/galley/38157/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50324, "title": "Facilitating effect of finger movements on artificially generated front vowels", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have found that front vowels facilitate finger movement better than back vowels. The previous experiments were conducted with human voices. The aim of this preregistered experiment was to see if the same results as in the previous studies could be achieved with artificially generated vowels. In the experiment, the task was to press the key on the keyboard that corresponded to the vowel sound heard. The results showed that there was no difference in the percentage of correct responses, but the response times were relatively short for the front vowels (especially for /i/), compared with the back vowels (i.e., /u/ and /o/). Even when we conducted another experiment in which we used long vowels to make pronunciation clearer, we also obtained the similar results. The results suggest that artificially generated voices can facilitate finger movements similar to listening to human voices.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language and thought; Motor control; Semantics of language" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nx6t5p9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shunsuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Otani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hiroshima University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mizuki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshio", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hiroshima University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Toshimune", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kambara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hiroshima University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50324/galley/38286/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49789, "title": "Facilitating Human-AI Coordination through Computational Theory of Mind", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How can an AI teammate implicitly coordinate with a human? We address this question by integrating Instance-Based Learning (IBL), a cognitive theory of learning and decision making, with the level-k Theory of Mind framework. We hypothesize that coordination emerges when partners adopt complementary k-levels and when the higher k-level agent has an accurate model of their partner's cognitive processes. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a simultaneous-choice, multi-attribute task, where outcomes depend on interactions between choice features and agent decisions. Simulations of pairs of IBL-based agents at different k-levels support the hypothesis that complementary k-levels enhance coordination. However, empirical results from an experiment reveal no advantage of [human, IBL-L2] pairs over [human, IBL-L1] pairs, even when participants are restricted to operate as L1 agents. Post-hoc simulations show that model fitting recovers some advantage for [human, IBL-L2] teams by enabling the IBL-L2 agent to more accurately predict their human partner's actions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Intelligent agents; Theory of Mind; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/556158ms", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Roderick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seow", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hoda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heidari", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cleotilde", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49789/galley/37751/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50226, "title": "Fantasy Play and the Language of Emplotment in Greek L1 Children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Fantasy/symbolic play is central to theories of child cognitive development (Piaget 1962; Pellegrini 1985; Leslie 1987; Francis & Gibson 2022). Most studies suggest that children distinguish pretense from reality by their second year, though the cognitive mechanisms involved remain debated (Leslie 1987). Fantasy play is also linked to language development, including early literacy and metalinguistic awareness (Pellegrini & Galda 1982, 1991; Pellegrini 1984; Orr & Geva 2015). Garvey & Kramer (1989) identify two communicative levels in symbolic play: (i) enactment and (ii) emplotment. This study examines the grammar used by L1 Greek children while setting up scenes and giving instructions. Based on novel naturalistic data from 55 recorded sessions with 14 children (aged 2;7–6;4), we show that by 2;7, children produce counterfactual scenarios with a light verb meaning ‘pretend'. By 5;0, they employ counterfactual morphological marking in symbolic play before using it in other contexts (Amsel & Smalley 2000).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Decision making; Language acquisition; Language and thought; Morphology; Pragmatics; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n12679x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Despina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oikonomou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Vina", "middle_name": "Paraskevi", "last_name": "Tsakali", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Maria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gatsou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benedict", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vassileiou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kaniadaki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Danai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karatzanou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Irini", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Amanaki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Crete", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50226/galley/38188/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49484, "title": "Fast and robust Bayesian inference for modular combinations of dynamic learning and decision models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In cognitive neuroscience, there has been growing interest in adopting sequential sampling models (SSM) as the generative choice function for reinforcement learning (RLSSM) to jointly account for decision dynamics within and across trials. However, such approaches have been limited by computational tractability due to lack of closed-form likelihoods for the decision process or expensive trial-by-trial evaluation of complex reinforcement learning (RL) processes. We enable hierarchical Bayesian estimation for a broad class of RLSSM models, using Likelihood Approximation Networks (LANs) in conjunction with differentiable RL likelihoods to leverage fast gradient-based inference methods including Hamiltonian Monte Carlo or Variational Inference (VI). To showcase the scalability and faster convergence with our approach, we consider the Reinforcement Learning - Working Memory (RLWM) task and model with multiple interacting generative learning processes. We show that our method enables accurate recovery of the posterior parameter distributions in arbitrarily complex RLSSM paradigms, and moreover, that in comparison, fitting data with the equivalent choice-only model yields a biased estimator of the true generative process. Moreover, leveraging the SSM with efficient inference allows us to uncover a heretofore undescribed cognitive process within the RLWM task, whereby participants proactively adjust the decision threshold as a function of WM load.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Decision making; Learning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5093w53n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Krishn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bera", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brown University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fengler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brown University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frank", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Brown University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49484/galley/37446/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49274, "title": "FD-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluating the Decision-Making Capability of LLM Agents in Dynamic Scenarios", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large language models(LLMs) exhibit growing potential as autonomous agents, yet their decision-making capabilities in real-world scenarios remain underexplored, particularly in dynamic scenarios where conditions are constantly changing. Most existing benchmarks mainly focus on static environments, which significantly differ from real-world scenarios. Additionally, existing evaluation frameworks lack fine-grained assessments, providing limited insights during evaluation. To address these, we propose FD-Bench a benchmark for evaluating the decision-making in dynamic scenarios. FD-Bench employs a fire evacuation scenario as a representative dynamic setting and decomposes decision-making into perception, prediction, and action stages, enabling granular evaluation of 8 LLMs and different reasoning frameworks. Our results show that LLMs experience a performance drop of over 50% in dynamic versus static scenarios. Inspired by \"chunking\" principle in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), our hierarchical prompting strategy demonstrates improved performance in dynamic decision-making tasks. This work provides insights into LLMs' limitations and pathways toward robust real-world deployment.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Decision making; Intelligent agents; Natural Language Processing" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cd1t4p9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zhihao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yifan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yaohui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49274/galley/37235/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49626, "title": "Feedback-correcting ConvLSTM-driven Neural Model for Stable Saccadic Visual Perception", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The brain utilizes corollary discharge signals to anticipate the visual consequences of saccadic eye movements and provide a coherent visual perception. However, discrepancies between a saccade's predicted and actual sensory outcomes challenge the brain's capacity to maintain visual stability. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive computational framework for visual perception incorporating a feedback corrective mechanism that dynamically adjusts predictions based on sensory discrepancies. We show that this feedback mechanism refines internal world models, and provides robust performance with an increasing number of saccades. Our results highlight the delicate balance between the benefits and vulnerabilities of predictive feedback systems supporting and extending current theories of sensory prediction and visual stability.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer Science; Cognitive architectures; Perception; Vision; Computational Modeling; Computational neuroscience; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hz8j95v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hadar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cohen Duwek", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Open University of Israel", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yisrael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Clark", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Open University of Israel", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elishai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ezra Tsur", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Open University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49626/galley/37588/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49706, "title": "Feedback Maintains Stability in Cultural Transmission", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Second language learners can destabilize and change the languages they acquire, due in part to competition between their first and second languages. There is reason to think that how one acquires a second language affects this competition. One such way of affecting language learning is feedback. In our preregistered study, 90 native English speakers learned and transmitted an artificial language with flexible word order and case marking across 15 iterated learning chains while receiving positive, negative, or no feedback. The original flexible word order remained most stable across generations of transmission when feedback was given; otherwise English SVO word order was likely to predominate by the final generation. These findings elucidate the role feedback may play in negotiating between competing linguistic variants and ensuring their stable transmission across generations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Culture; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8066g4zt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Calen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacDonald", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Morten", "middle_name": "H", "last_name": "Christiansen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49706/galley/37668/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49934, "title": "Few-Shot Learning of Visual Compositional Concepts through Probabilistic Schema Induction", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The ability to learn new visual concepts from limited examples is a hallmark of human cognition. While traditional category learning models represent each example as an unstructured feature vector, compositional concept learning is thought to depend on (1) structured representations of examples (e.g., directed graphs consisting of objects and their relations) and (2) the identification of shared relational structure across examples through analogical mapping. Here, we introduce Probabilistic Schema Induction (PSI), a prototype model that employs deep learning to perform analogical mapping over structured representations of only a handful of examples, forming a compositional concept called a schema. In doing so, PSI relies on a novel conception of similarity that weighs object-level similarity and relational similarity, as well as a mechanism for amplifying relations relevant to classification, analogous to selective attention parameters in traditional models. We show that PSI produces human-like learning performance and outperforms two controls: a prototype model that uses unstructured feature vectors extracted from a deep learning model, and a variant of PSI with weaker structured representations. Notably, we find that PSI's human-like performance is driven by an adaptive strategy that increases relational similarity over object-level similarity and upweights the contribution of relations that distinguish classes. These findings suggest that structured representations and analogical mapping are critical to modeling rapid human-like learning of compositional visual concepts, and demonstrate how deep learning can be leveraged to create psychological models.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Learning; Representation; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vf8t1d7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "Jun", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Taylor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Webb", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Trevor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bihl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Air Force Research Laboratory", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Keith", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holyoak", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hongjing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49934/galley/37896/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50314, "title": "Filtering out Empathy: The Impact of Other-Alteration through AI-Filters on Prosocial Behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Facial expressions are essential to human interaction, providing emotional cues that influence how we perceive and respond to others. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) now enable real-time manipulation of these expressions, raising ethical concerns about AI-mediated communication (AI-MC). This project investigates the effects of AI-based facial expression alterations on prosocial behavior and empathy using a choice-exposure counterfactual paradigm. It addresses two key questions: (1) Do facial AI filters influence empathy and prosocial behavior? (2) Do individuals strategically use AI filters to justify self-serving actions? Participants chose between authentic and AI-filtered videos before making donation decisions after exposure. In an initial study, neutralizing AI filters showed no significant effects on empathy or donations. Building on these findings, we will explore stronger filters and more emotionally expressive portrayals to better understand their impact. This research aims to advance knowledge of the psychological and ethical implications of AI-MC.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Emotion; Empathy; Human-computer interaction" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rb9v89v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Eva-Madeleine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schmidt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50314/galley/38276/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49882, "title": "Finding motifs in mental representations of faces, places, and objects", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Cognitive science has long relied on the assumption that mental representations are universal across healthy adults, treating individual differences as random noise. We challenge this assumption by proposing that representations instead conform to a limited set of organizational motifs—systematic patterns shared across subgroups of individuals. Using triadic comparisons and embedding analysis, we examine how people conceptually organize a set of DallE-generated faces, places, and objects that systematically vary in five attributes of interest per domain. We show that individuals cluster into distinct ``representational motifs\" when organizing faces, places, and objects. Logistic regression analyses show that these motifs differ in the relative use of image attributes to form mental representations. Our findings demonstrate that variability in conceptual organization is not merely noise, but rather reflects meaningful patterns of shared representational frameworks that emerge naturally.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Concepts and categories; Face Processing; Representation; Semantic memory; Knowledge representation" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm4h1b2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Y. Ivette", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Col—n", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin - Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "T", "last_name": "Rogers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin- Madison", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49882/galley/37844/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49976, "title": "Finding structure in logographic writing with library learning II: Grapheme, sound, and meaning systematicity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Writing systems are structured to depict the various facets of human language, from sounds to meanings. Chinese writing, as a logographic system, offers a distinctive opportunity to study the structural relationships between written forms and their sounds and meanings all at once. In this companion paper to Jiang et al. (2024), we explore a computational model based on library learning that can capture the compositional structure of Chinese characters and their relationship to sound and meaning. We extend the written-only library learning framework from Jiang et al. (2024) by incorporating written-sound joint compression and distributional semantic representations. The joint compression component allows the model to uncover structural relationships between a character's graphical components and its pronunciation, mirroring the function of phonetic and semantic radicals in Chinese orthography. With distributional semantics, the model also learns systematic links between the graphical structure and the meaning of characters, enabling it to predict the meanings of unseen characters based on their constituent parts. Moreover, our model allows us to explore historical shifts in how written Chinese has represented spoken language. We anticipate that our library learning model to be a unified computational account of writing's interaction with multi-level structures of human language. Full paper available at https://jiang.gy/assets/pdf/jiang2025grapheme.pdf", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Evolution; Phonology; Sketch understanding; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gt9n324", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guangyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hofer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiayuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lionel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49976/galley/37938/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49282, "title": "Fine-tuning conceptual structure of referents through coordinated interaction", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "During communicative interactions, language production and comprehension are bounded by the accumulation of a shared communicative context. Besides lexical pacts and simplification of referential expressions, the creation of a shared context allows for the intelligible use of linguistic signals with novel, interaction-specific meanings. Here, we explore whether context-specific language use leads to mutual adjustment of interlocutors' conceptual representations. We tasked dyads with solving a referential communication game, quantifying dialogue-related adjustments in interlocutors' conceptual structures, and coordination dynamics during the interaction. After engaging in the dialogue, interlocutors judged the same set of referents more similarly than other participants engaged in the same task, but not with each other (pseudo-pairs). Exploratory analyses of the structural complexity of unfolding semantic spaces indicate a stronger alignment between interacting dyads than pseudo-pairs. These findings suggest that human communication is supported by structural coordination of conceptual representations of the communicative referents, over and above signal-level alignment.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Concepts and categories; Interactive behavior; Language understanding; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67c9j72j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Miriam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poncelet-Romaneli", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thibaud", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Glasman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amir Homayun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hallajian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ba_n‡kov‡", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bruno", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Galantucci", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ivan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Toni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Radboud University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49282/galley/37243/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49356, "title": "Fine-tuning semantic vectors with semantic fluency data", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Semantic vectors derived from training on large text corpora (e.g., word2vec, BERT) are widely used as a methodological tool to model similarity of concepts. Recent work has demonstrated that a small amount of human training data can be used to fine-tune these vectors for modeling specific tasks. For example, human ratings of pairwise similarity can be used to estimate a set of dimensional weights, and these weights can improve estimates of human similarity ratings for held-out pairs. We applied this methodology to the semantic fluency task (listing items from a category) and find that category- specific weights can be used to identify the semantic category of a fluency list. The results have methodological implications for modeling retrieval in semantic fluency tasks, estimating semantic representations, and identifying semantic clusters and switches in fluency data.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Memory; Representation; Semantics of language; Computational Modeling; Knowledge representation" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06p223vj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zemla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Syracuse University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nichol", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University at Buffalo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49356/galley/37317/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49869, "title": "First Contact: Children's Emerging Sensitivity to Causality in Second-Order Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The present study investigated young children's causal generalizations by examining their inductions from second-order learning—where learned correlations between two pairs of features (A–B and A–C) are generalized to non-contiguous features (B–C). Specifically, we asked whether 3- to 6-year-olds could engage in such learning across two canonical causal event types—Blicket detector and Michottian launching—while manipulating contact as a perceptual cue for causality. We replicated Benton, Rakison, and Sobel (2021), finding that children consistently applied second-order learning to infer which objects would produce causal outcomes. Crucially, children's responses did not differ overall between event types. However, there was a significant interaction by age and task condition: younger children learned better when objects did not contact, whereas older children learned better from contact events. Results are discussed with respect to implications for the development of children's causal expectations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development; Statistical learning; Developmental analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12q534hw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ricky", "middle_name": "W.J.", "last_name": "Choi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rakison", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49869/galley/37831/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50199, "title": "Flexible Physical Problem Solving with Strategy Acquisition and Composition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans exhibit a remarkable ability to acquire, generalize, and compose strategies for object manipulation, yet the underlying mechanisms of this flexible strategy learning and reuse remain poorly understood. In this paper, we extend the Virtual Tool Game (Allen, Smith, & Tenenbaum, 2020), where humans solve complex physical puzzles in just a few attempts. Through two behavioral experiments, we show that humans acquire abstract strategy representations and can flexibly chain multiple strategies for novel tasks in both forward and backward directions. To formalize this process computationally, we introduce a probabilistic framework that models physical events, actions, and high-level manipulation strategies. Our approach represents strategies as amortized sequences of physical events and integrates them into a bi-level search mechanism that combines simulation and planning. These findings advance our understanding of human physical reasoning and contribute to the development of AI systems with human-like physical problem-solving capabilities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Representation; Skill acquisition and learning; Computational Modeling; Knowledge representation; Mathematical modeling" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fh126ph", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jung-Chun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiayuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joyce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50199/galley/38161/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49733, "title": "Flexibly biased learning rates in social learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Research on individual decision-making often finds a positivity bias, where people weight positive outcomes more strongly than negative ones during learning. This can be beneficial when rewards are rare, by amplifying relative value differences. Yet, we know very little about learning rate biases in social settings, where a key advantage is being able to vicariously learn from the negative experiences of others. This would imply a benefit for focusing on negative outcomes when learning socially, but is at odds with the seemingly inflexible positivity bias found in individual learning. Here, we examine learning rate biases across both individual and social settings, testing for adaptivity versus generally stable biases. Overall, participants appear more flexible in their learning rate biases when learning socially than when learning individually. This implies that human social learning may be more flexible and closer to normatively optimal behavior than individual learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Social cognition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30r06030", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alexandra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Witt", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Palminteri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "École normale supŽrieure", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Charley", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49733/galley/37695/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49812, "title": "Flooding the Zone: An Agent-based Exploration", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Online public discourse faces many threats such as human and bot networks spreading disinformation or harassment campaigns aimed at excluding certain voices. One such threat is the strategy of 'flooding the zone': intentionally pumping into the discourse information that is irrelevant to, or distracting from, an important issue. This technique is employed by both individual and state actors with seeming success. How and why that technique is successful, by contrast, is less well understood. In this paper we use agent-based modelling to help elucidate the disruptive impact of flooding the zone on communication itself. Specifically, we probe the ways in which flooding hampers the spread of relevant information and show consequences of this even for idealized, rational, actors.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Causal reasoning; Agent-based Modeling; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8z32x661", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ulrike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Birkbeck, University of London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Leon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Assaad", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "LMU Munich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Klee", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schöppl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49812/galley/37774/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49955, "title": "Folk epistemological attitudes toward using virtual reality (VR) to learn about others", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Virtual reality (VR) simulations purport to provide a uniquely\nimmersive means of understanding experiences different from\nour own, potentially serving as \"empathy machines\". The\nutility of such simulations, however, is controversial. We\nexamined people's preferences for learning about others'\nexperiences of visual impairment and sexual harassment,\nthrough VR versus firsthand testimony. We find that people\nhave a general preference for VR over testimony, expecting VR\nto be able to provide a high understanding of others'\nexperiences. The preference for VR over testimony was more\npronounced for learning about visual impairment than sexual\nharassment, and prior experience with sexual harassment\nreduced the perceived value of VR relative to testimony. These\nfindings raise concerns about epistemic justice, as reliance on\nVR may undermine deference to firsthand accounts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Philosophy; Psychology; Empathy; Language understanding; Perception" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c4995cv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mira", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Raju", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Institutes of Health", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Judy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Messeri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "M.J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Crockett", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49955/galley/37917/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49216, "title": "Folk Teleology and Split Entity Identity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Reasoning about the identity of objects is challenging, because objects can experience alterations that change its properties. Researchers have proposed that causal explanations are important in making identity judgments, and one important causal factor is objects' teleology (purpose or function). This study focuses on how teleological information affects identity judgments of entities that split into two descendants. In Experiment 1, we provide evidence that two types of teleological information — function type (structure-dependent or not) and function preservation influence the likelihood that a descendant is judged as the original entity. In Experiment 2, we show that object/substance construal is a mediator of function type in the identity task, suggesting that some of the teleological effects can be explained via construing the entity as object/substance. Together, these two experiments highlight the importance of teleological information in identity judgments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Concepts and categories; Reasoning; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p7742vk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zixin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zeng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lance", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rips", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49216/galley/37177/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49216/galley/38722/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49233, "title": "Food Neophobia: a Barrier to The Development of Categorization and Executive Functions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The majority of evidence on the relations between young children's levels of food neophobia (the fear of novel food), categorization abilities and executive functions is cross-sectional, leaving the direction of causality unclear. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relations between children's food neophobia, categorization performance and strategies, and executive functions (working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility) longitudinally. Children (n = 113; M age = 48.30 months at Time 1) were assessed at two time points over the course of a year of schooling. Controlling for age, early levels of food neophobia significantly predicted lower subsequent categorization performance and executive functions. No significant evidence was found to support the reverse directionality; neither categorization performance, strategies, nor executive functions at Time 1 predicted subsequent levels of food neophobia. The findings provide longitudinal evidence that neophobia hinders the development of categorization and executive functions abilities.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Developmental analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs577n9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Damien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Foinant", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut Lyfe Research Center", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jean-Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thibaut", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Université Bourgogne Europe", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jérémie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lafraire", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institut Lyfe Research Center", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49233/galley/37194/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49233/galley/38739/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49627, "title": "Foraging Connections: Optimal Foraging in Letter Fluency", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The letter fluency task is the timed listing of words that begin with a specific letter (e.g., words starting with T). Participants often list words in phonologically related clusters (e.g., tank, task, tap) and occasionally switch clusters (e.g., tap, thud). This process has been likened to patch switching in animal foraging. Optimal performance requires switching clusters in a manner that maximizes the rate of retrieving words, known as the marginal value theorem. Previous work has found evidence for this in semantic fluency. The current study tests whether people adhere to the marginal value theorem in letter fluency and whether executive functioning is associated with optimal performance. Three letter cues (T, N, and J) and one semantic cue (animals) were administered. Results are consistent with optimal search in N and J, but not T or animals. These findings provide mixed support that people search optimally during letter fluency.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Memory; Phonology; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68k0j0t7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kimberly", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Arjune", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Syracuse University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jeffrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zemla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Syracuse University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49627/galley/37589/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49821, "title": "For GPT-4 as with Humans: Information Structure Predicts Acceptability of Long-Distance Dependencies", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It remains debated how well any LM is able to understand natural language or even generate reliable metalinguistic judgments. Moreover, relatively little work has demonstrated that LMs can represent and respect subtle relationships between form and function proposed by linguists. We here focus on a particular such relationship established in recent work: English speakers' judgments about the information structure of canonical sentences predicts independently collected acceptability ratings on corresponding \"long distance dependency\" (LDD) constructions, across a wide array of base constructions and multiple types of LDDs. To determine whether any LM captures this relationship, we probe GPT-4 on the same tasks used with humans and new extensions. Results reveal reliable metalinguistic skill on the information structure and acceptability tasks, replicating a striking interaction between the two, despite the 0-shot, explicit nature of the tasks, and little to no chance of contamination (Studies 1a, 1b). Study 2 manipulates the information structure of base sentences and confirms a causal relationship: increasing the prominence of a constituent in a context sentence increases the subsequent acceptability ratings on an LDD construction. The findings suggest a tight relationship between natural and GPT-4-generated English, and between information structure and syntax, which begs for further exploration.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Psychology; Discourse; Natural Language Processing; Pragmatics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rk7s243", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nicole", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cuneo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nora", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Graves", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Supantho", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rakshit", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49821/galley/37783/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50086, "title": "Four Gifts from AI's Founders", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon were four of eleven participants at the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, where the field of Artificial Intelligence was named. Each of these pioneering researchers helped lay the foundation for future AI research. Four of their seminal ideas are: 1) Society of Mind (Minsky), 2) Information Theory (Shannon), 3) Problem-Solving Theory (Newell & Simon), and 4) Bounded Rationality (Simon). Society of Mind contains a hidden blueprint for developing safe, SuperIntelligent AGI. Information Theory helps us identify the datasets that can best catalyze the growth of intelligent systems. Problem-Solving Theory explains how AI agents can communicate effectively and how we can increase the safety of AGI. Finally, Bounded Rationality illuminates the type of SuperIntelligence we might expect in the future and how humans might remain relevant when SuperIntelligent AI becomes vastly more intelligent than us.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Behavioral Science; Consciousness; Group Behaviour; Intelligent agents; Machine learning; Problem Solving; Reasoning; Theory of Mind; Logic; Qualitativ" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bv5t92v", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Kaplan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "iQ Company", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50086/galley/38048/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49915, "title": "Framing in context: Disabling conditions and alternative causes in health communication", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Should a health campaign emphasise the potential gains from compliance (e.g., \"If you quit smoking, you'll reduce your risk of lung cancer\") or the potential losses from non-compliance (e.g., \"If you don't quit smoking, you won't reduce your risk of lung cancer\")? A large literature on so-called goal framing, or message framing, assumes that such messages are equivalent, but their persuasiveness may vary, for instance, depending on the perceived risk associated with the recommended behaviour. As no existing hypothesis received conclusive empirical support, we propose a novel theoretical approach. We argue that goal frames must be analysed as arguments interpreted in con-\ntext. We report an experiment showing the effect of the participants' background beliefs about disabling conditions and alternative causes on the persuasiveness of positive and negative frames recommending detection behaviour.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Philosophy; Psychology; Causal reasoning; Language and thought; Other; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w11155d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Collins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Greenwich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Karolina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krzyzanowska", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Amsterdam", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ulrike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Birkbeck, University of London", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49915/galley/37877/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49253, "title": "Framing, not transparency, reduces cheating in algorithmic delegation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent evidence suggests that delegating tasks to machines can facilitate unethical behavior, but the psychological mechanisms driving this effect are not yet well understood. This study investigates whether two interventions can mitigate cheating in an algorithmic honesty game: transparency (information about which user input causes which algorithm behavior) and framing (natural language cues about the moral valence of behavior). In a 2 x 2 experimental design, we find that transparency does not reduce dishonest behavior, despite participants actively engaging with and understanding the provided information. Conversely, framing — replacing neutral labels like \"maximize profit\" with ethically charged terms like \"maximize cheating\" — substantially reduces dishonesty. These findings suggest that curbing misuse of AI requires confronting users with its moral implications, not just explaining the mechanics.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Causal reasoning; Human-computer interaction; Reasoning; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30w0j59z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Neele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Engelmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kirfel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anne-Marie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nussberger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Center for Humans and Machines, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Raluca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rilla", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Iyad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rahwan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49253/galley/37214/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49253/galley/38759/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49159, "title": "Framing Perception: Exploring Camera Induced Objectification in Cinema", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates how cinematographic techniques influence viewer perception and contribute to the objectification of women, utilizing eye-tracking data from 91 participants. They watched a sexualized music video (SV) known for objectifying portrayals and a non-sexualized music video (TV). Using dynamic Areas of Interests (AOIs)—head, torso, and lower body—gaze metrics such as fixation duration, visit count, and scan paths were recorded to assess visual attention patterns. Participants were grouped according to their average fixations on sexualized AOIs. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in gaze behavior between the videos and among the groups, with increased attention to sexualized AOIs in SV. Additionally, data-driven group differences in fixations identified specific segments with heightened objectification that are further analyzed using scan path visualization techniques. These findings provide strong empirical evidence of camera-driven gaze objectification, demonstrating how cinematic framing implicitly shapes objectifying gaze patterns, highlighting the critical need for mindful media representation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5791x1nh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Parth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maradia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "ayushi", "middle_name": "kumari", "last_name": "agrawal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "SRIJA", "middle_name": "KRISHNA", "last_name": "BHUPATHIRAJU", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute Of Information Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kavita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vemuri", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "International Institute of Information Technology - Hyderabad", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49159/galley/37120/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49159/galley/38665/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49777, "title": "Frequency and informativity of phonological input directed to children in the first four years of life", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Information theory characterizes how signals are optimized for transmission from source to receiver across noisy channels, yet little is known about how these principles manifest when the receiver's capabilities change over time. Using child-directed speech as a natural experiment, we analyzed >7.5 million phones in North American English caregiver speech to children aged 3-44 months (N=218) from the CHILDES database. We found that while the relative frequency of individual phones remained stable over this developmental time period, phonological informativity increased from early infancy (3-8 months) through toddlerhood (27-32 months), before plateauing in the preschool years. This result suggests that speech directed to children sounds less redundant, with a phonological structure that is harder to predict in context, as children progress through early childhood. Our findings demonstrate how linguistic signals may be optimized to accommodate receiver (child) characteristics, with implications for both general principles of information transmission and theories of how children carve out linguistic representations and patterns from limited, noisy input.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Natural Language Processing; Phonology; Big data; Corpus studies; Develo" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jr9s9x6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Arjun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pawar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Margaret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cychosz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49777/galley/37739/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49427, "title": "From Brainwaves to Understanding: A Study on EEG-Based Communication Systems", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This research investigates the feasibility of a communication system using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals mediated by a deep learning model, designed to aid individuals with significant communication challenges. The study builds on prior work in EEG-based image generation, testing the accuracy and efficiency of the system in conveying intended meanings. In the experiment, participants were presented images generated from EEG signals and were asked to give titles according to their interpretation. These titles were analyzed using text embeddings derived from a large language model (LLM) to measure cosine similarity. Results indicate that while sender and receiver interpretations often diverged, consistent patterns emerged within and between receivers. This suggests that repeated communication trials will align interpretations over time, improving mutual understanding. The findings highlight the potential of the method to facilitate adaptive communication, though further research is required to optimize its reliability, scalability, and practical applicability.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cross-cultural analysis; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zf7j209", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Umme", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Farhana", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morita", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Shizuoka University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49427/galley/37389/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49471, "title": "From Curiosity to Competence: How World Models Interact with the Dynamics of Exploration", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What drives an agent to explore the world while also maintaining control over the environment? \nFrom a child at play to scientists in the lab, intelligent agents must balance curiosity (the drive to seek knowledge) with competence (the drive to master and control the environment). \nBridging cognitive theories of intrinsic motivation with reinforcement learning, we ask how evolving internal representations mediate the trade-off between curiosity (novelty or information gain) and competence (empowerment). \nWe compare two model-based agents using handcrafted state abstractions (Tabular) or learning an internal world model (Dreamer). \nThe Tabular agent shows curiosity and competence guide exploration in distinct patterns, while prioritizing both improves exploration. \nThe Dreamer agent reveals a two-way interaction between exploration and representation learning, mirroring the developmental co-evolution of curiosity and competence. \nOur findings formalize adaptive exploration as a balance between pursuing the unknown and the controllable, offering insights for cognitive theories and efficient reinforcement learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Representation; Skill acquisition and learning; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f04713z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Fryderyk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mantiuk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hanqi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Tuebingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Charley", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49471/galley/37433/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50307, "title": "From Degraded Inputs to Robust Sensory Cognition: A Computational Perspective on Early Perceptual Development", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human sensory development unfolds in a consistent temporal sequence, with early visual inputs initially degraded. Rather than mere biological constraints, we propose these developmental \"limitations\" may act as inductive biases that foster more global and robust sensory cognition. Evidence derives from children born blind who later gained sight, effectively bypassing this early degraded period. Despite many otherwise intact visual abilities, they exhibit specific deficits in generalization and extended spatial integration. Simulations with deep neural networks confirm that these deficits can arise from a lack of early degraded inputs. Conversely, training with developmentally-inspired input trajectories yields more robust representations and superior generalization. These findings help illuminate the development of typical and atypical sensory cognition, inform clinical interventions, and inspire more robust computational training procedures. Comparable results from auditory development suggest a broader phenomenon, demonstrating how what may appear to be \"limitations\" can adaptively shape perception and cognition over time.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Cognitive development; Sensory Processing; Vision; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89k858v6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Marin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vogelsang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lukas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vogelsang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sidney", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Diamond", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pawan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sinha", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50307/galley/38269/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50175, "title": "From hearing to feeling: Quantifying music-emotion and examining the different processing patterns in children with special educational needs (SEN)", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Music-emotion recognition, the ability to perceive emotions in music, has emerged as a means of understanding emotion beyond verbal language, specifically for individuals with special educational needs (SEN). However, there has been little focus on delineating emotion through quantified music features for a systematic comparison between different SEN groups. This study identified specific musical features and examined the different music-emotion processing patterns in 3-to 10-year-old Chinese children with and without SEN. Participants completed a forced-choice task by identifying four emotions involving happiness, sadness, anger, and fear from Western classical music. Through integrating a biologically-inspired filterbank into music information retrieval analysis, the result revealed that musical features, such as spectral density, contributed to human emotional recognition. In addition, children with SEN exhibited distinct confusion patterns in some emotion pairs compared to their typically developing counterparts. These findings demonstrated a novel approach to investigating musical-emotional recognition across the developmental span.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion Perception; Music; Sensory Processing; Developmental analysis" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qp131wc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Cherry Wing Yin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yue", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jake", "middle_name": "Terence", "last_name": "O'Hanlon-Cheung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Hong Kong", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shelley Xiuli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Hong Kong", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50175/galley/38137/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49704, "title": "From Infants to AI: Incorporating Infant-like Learning in Models Boosts Efficiency and Generalization in Learning Social Prediction Tasks", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Early in development, infants learn a range of useful concepts, which can be challenging from a computational standpoint. This early learning comes together with an initial understanding of aspects of the meaning of concepts, e.g., their implications, causality, and using them to predict likely future events. All this is accomplished in many cases with little or no supervision, and from relatively few examples, compared with current network models. In learning about objects and human-object interactions, early acquired concepts are often used in the process of learning additional, more complex concepts. In the current work, we model how early-acquired concepts are used in the learning of subsequent concepts, and compare the results with standard deep network modeling. We focused in particular on the use of the concepts of animacy and goal attribution in learning to predict future events. We show that the use of early concepts in the learning of new concepts leads to better learning (higher accuracy) and more efficient learning (requiring less data). We further show that this integration of early and new concepts shapes the representation of the concepts acquired by the model. The results show that when the concepts were learned in a human-like manner, the emerging representation was more useful, as measured in terms of generalization to novel data and tasks. On a more general level, the results suggest that there are likely to be basic differences in the conceptual structures acquired by current network models compared to human learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive development; Learning; Social cognition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1627d0dx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shify", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Treger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Weizmann Institute of Science", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shimon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ullman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Weizmann institute of science", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49704/galley/37666/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50441, "title": "From Meanings to Sounds: Development of Language Prediction in Toddlers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Grounded in predictive processing theory, this study explored the idea that young learners generate top-down expectations about upcoming words, both in meaning (semantic) and sound (phonological), to aid early language development. Researchers hypothesize that language acquisition is facilitated by children's growing ability to anticipate not only the content of an utterance but also the specific forms those utterances might take. By examining how toddlers transition from broad conceptual understanding to accurate phonological prediction, this work sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms that enable rapid language growth possible in early childhood. The main goal was to determine when and how toddlers begin to form semantic and phonological expectations for upcoming words. To address this, three preferential looking experiments were conducted with Spanish-speaking toddlers at 18, 24, and 30 months. Highly constrained sentences were played aloud while toddlers viewed pairs of images: either a target or a competitor (semantic or phonological) and an unrelated distractor. As the toddlers listened, their gaze patterns revealed whether they anticipated the correct word or a related image before the target was fully pronounced. The rationale was that if toddlers can detect cues in the sentence and map them onto future words, they will show anticipatory looks toward images that match meaning or sound. Analyses revealed a progressive pattern: at 18 months, toddlers clearly predicted specific words in strongly constraining contexts, but showed no consistent anticipation of semantic alternatives. By 24 months, toddlers not only looked toward the correct referent but also demonstrated meaningful shifts toward pictures sharing semantic features with the target. This suggests they were extracting and forecasting aspects of meaning ahead of time. However, reliably predicting word forms based on phonological cues emerged more robustly at around 30 months, when children also shifted their gaze to phonologically similar items before the target was spoken. These findings highlight a developmental trajectory in which toddlers leverage broader conceptual knowledge first, refining phonological detail later as their linguistic system matures.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Language acquisition; Language Comprehension; Predictive Processing; Semantics of language; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3719f6h5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Armando Quetzalc—atl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Angulo Chavira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UNAM", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alejandra Mitzi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castell—n-Flores", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Nacional Aut—noma de MŽxico", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Natalia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arias-Trejo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Nacional Aut—noma de Mexico, UNAM", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50441/galley/38403/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49185, "title": "From Minimal Traces to Scenarios of the Past: A Neuro-Computational Model on Regaining Categoricity and Compositionality in Remembering", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a proof of principle for Trace Minimalism (Werning, 2020), a novel philosophical framework for episodic memory. Trace Minimalism claims that remembering does not involve the storage of representational content but rather the reconstruction of past scenarios through the interaction of minimal traces with semantic information. Minimal traces establish a causal link to prior experiences but lack categorical and compositional content. We provide a neuro-computational model using a vector-quantized autoencoder and a transformer-based semantic completion mechanism. Our findings support the hypothesis that remembering is possible without representational memory traces and that minimal traces, in interaction with semantic information, reliably construct past scenarios. The results offer a compelling alternative to classical representational theories of memory while maintaining causal continuity with past experiences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66g451gj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Francesca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Righetti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ruhr University Bochum", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zahra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fayyaz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute for neural computation", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Laurenz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wiskott", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ruhr University Bochum", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Markus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Werning", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ruhr University Bochum", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49185/galley/37146/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49185/galley/38691/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50365, "title": "From Observation to Attribution: How Event Features Shape Responsibility Judgments in Real-World Traffic Videos", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When people witness a harmful event, they can judge who is responsible and to what degree. Such judgments depend on multiple factors, including what happened, whether the agent could have prevented the outcome, and whether they were aware that their behavior could cause harm. This information is either observed or inferred from perceptual inputs, often based on details that are present in naturalistic videos but are difficult to convey in word descriptions (e.g. if a pedestrian crossing the road was hit by a car, how suddenly did the pedestrian start crossing?). This study investigates how humans generate rich representations of responsibility from visual input using a controlled set of naturalistic traffic videos sampled to achieve wide variation along relevant dimensions. From these videos, we extract a variety of event features describing entities and their relations, studying the extent to which different features contribute to responsibility judgments in realistic settings.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Event cognition; Perception; Reasoning; Representation; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Computational Modeling; Knowledge representation; Statistics" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hr2x2mt", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yiyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Liane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Young", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Anzellotti", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50365/galley/38327/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50348, "title": "From pixels to physics: an image-computable model of physical predictions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Having reasonable expectations of how scenes will unfold is crucial in our life. One prominent hypothesis is that we perform probabilistic physics simulation in our mind. However, the question of how people infer underlying scenes from observations and how this affects downstream predictions about physics interactions is under explored. Current models usually make simplified assumptions that the 3D geometric states of objects are already given. To better understand the role of perceptual uncertainty in people's physical predictions, we explore the idea of vision as inverse graphics and design a model that can infer a posterior distribution of object states given the raw visual inputs. This perceptual uncertainty is then propagated to a probabilistic physics simulation model to derive physical predictions. We compared the model's predictions and generalizations on a wide range of physical scenarios from the Physion dataset and found that it captured both participants' successes and error patterns.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Perception; Reasoning; Representation; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m9n4t1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Haoliang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nishad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gothoskar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50348/galley/38310/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49544, "title": "From positive to negative \"craziness\": Changes in emotional valence of words across adulthood", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Accumulating knowledge and experience across the lifespan are bound to have an impact on the meaning of words. Here, we investigated this idea using primarily emotional valence of words as a test-case. We used French databases that gather psycholinguistic variables including emotional valence of words, in four groups of individuals including young (18-25; 26-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years) and older (>60 years) adults. Following the hypothesis that words may display age-related differences in their psycholinguistic properties, we computed linear regressions over all individual words as a function of age-groups. Results revealed notably that between 5 and 10% of words show significant linear changes of emotional valence as a function of age. This pattern highlights the situated and flexible nature of word meanings and suggests that self-relevance of experience affects semantic memory.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Emotion; Situated cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n82m850", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rapha‘l", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fargier", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UniversitŽ Côte d'Azur", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Claire", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ballot", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nantes University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49544/galley/37506/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50381, "title": "From the ears to the eyes: using pupil size to explore the perceived appeal of languages", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Are some languages more appealing than others? And do specific linguistic features, such as phonetic or prosodic characteristics, contribute to this perceived beauty? Previous studies have been inconclusive, mostly because they primarily relied on subjective ratings prone to social desirability biases. To overcome this limitation, we explore a novel approach, using pupil size as a proxy for linguistic appeal. Pupil dilation has been linked to pleasurable stimuli, such as music and environmental sounds, suggesting similar reactions for appealing languages. In our experiment, participants listened to artificial languages modeled on the phonetic structures of real languages, while their pupil size was measured. By combining this eye-tracking data with traditional ratings, we demonstrate that (a) eye-tracking is a reliable method for investigating phonaesthetic appeal and (b) languages with different linguistic characteristics vary in their perceived attractiveness. This interdisciplinary approach sheds light on the cognitive processes underlying the aesthetic perception of languages.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Aesthetics; Phonology; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65v3v70g", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Theresa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Matzinger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Vienna", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kosic", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Vienna", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50381/galley/38343/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49511, "title": "Functional category induction with theory-neutral cognitive biases", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This paper probes the influence of a particular kind of domain-general cognitive bias in first language acquisition with the aid of computational models. We introduce a novel task: inducing functional categories from morphemically tokenised sentences, and supply a manually annotated dataset of English child-directed speech (CDS). We operationalise a widely assumed type of cognitive bias, \"less-is-more\", as three computational principles—ordering input, gradually increasing model complexity, and priming the learner—and develop a theory-neutral experimental setup to evaluate their impact on functional category induction. Our experiments with CDS demonstrate that models incorporating reflexes of \"less-is-more\" outperform the purely statistical baseline. As part of our exploration of ordering effects, we employ the morpheme acquisition order proposed by Brown (1973) and, for the first time in literature, present statistical evidence that Brown-compliant orders outperform non-Brown-compliant ones.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Language acquisition; Machine learning; Syntax; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wh925mk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mila", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marcheva", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Theresa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Biberauer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Weiwei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49511/galley/37473/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49425, "title": "Functional fixedness and cooties: Children solve insight problems faster when they learn functions from peers of a different gender", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Knowing the intended use of an artifact impairs people's ability to think of alternative uses. Here we ask whether children consider not just \"what\" a tool is used for, but also \"who\" uses the tool in that way. We focused on gender roles since children are sensitive to these early in development and adapted a classic insight learning task (Defeyter and German 2003). Success on the task requires inserting a stick into a tube to remove a ball. We compared children's (N = 112; 27 children/condition) latency to solve the problem at Baseline and three Demonstration conditions. In all the Demonstration conditions, the long stick was used as a magnet wand to brush away iron filings. In the Researcher Demonstration condition– a direct replication of Defeyter and German 2003– this function was demonstrated by a single individual – the experimenter; in the Same and Different Gender Peer Group conditions, the function was demonstrated by a group of children whose gender matched or differed from the participant's. Both Peer Group Demonstration conditions induced functional fixedness comparable to the Researcher Demonstration, and children were slower to solve the problem in all Demonstration conditions than Baseline. Critically however, children were faster to solve the problem in the Different Gender Peer Group condition than in the Same Gender Peer Group Condition, suggesting that children encode attributes of a function's typical user in their representations of artifacts, and that functional fixedness is affected by children's identification with a social role.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Sociology; Behavioral Science; Cognitive development; Creativity" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ft9x6s9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Herrissa", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Lamothe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Karla", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Perez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schulz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49425/galley/37387/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49867, "title": "Function shapes form: Compositionality emerges from communicative needs, not environmental structure alone", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human languages are compositional, combining smaller units of meaning to express more complex ideas. To explain the emergence of compositionality, researchers have appealed to functional pressures from communication. However, languages may merely inherit the component structure found in the environment. We designed a reference game to explicitly disentangle these possibilities; pairs of participants (N = 450) communicated about about sets of shapes that were assembled from component parts. Critically, we manipulated whether shapes that shared the same parts were competitors within each trial or were distributed across different trials. We found that participants successfully developed efficient conventions for referring to the shapes. However, participants who needed to distinguish shapes that shared components within the same context were more likely to develop compositional systems. When shared components appeared in separate contexts, participants favored non-compositional conventions. These results suggest compositional language structure most readily emerges from immediate communicative pressures rather than environmental structure alone.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Pragmatics; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tw1c3gn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jess", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mankewitz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hawkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49867/galley/37829/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50170, "title": "FutureMind: How Human Cognition Shapes the Way We Think About Our Futures", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "\"FutureMind\" is the composite human mental ability to imagine distant, large, complicated futures, often wildly unlike any human memory. It is an astonishing, ubiquitous, powerful, distributed ability, mostly absent from other species, yet mostly unstudied in Cognitive Science. It is indispensable for human activities from political systems to personal ambition. Our understanding of human history consists largely of notions of how previous generations used their own FutureMind. FutureMind relies on both deeply entrenched and highly creative mental operations. In this presentation, we outline a research program for a systematic science of FutureMind, with an initial theoretical framework.We present the cognitive mechanisms underlying FutureMind, which include framing, blending, compression, analogy, selective projection, viewpoint blending, and the construction of networks of mental spaces.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognition of Time; Creativity; Language and thought" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q8464ct", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tiago", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Torrent", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Turner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Case Western Reserve University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50170/galley/38132/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49398, "title": "FutureVision: A methodology for the investigation of future cognition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a methodology combining multimodal semantic analysis with an eye-tracking experimental protocol to investigate the cognitive effort involved in understanding the communication of future scenarios. We conduct a pilot study examining how visual fixation patterns vary during evaluation of valence and counterfactuality in fictional ad pieces describing futuristic scenarios, using a portable eye tracker. Participants' eye movements are recorded while evaluating the stimuli and describing them to a conversation partner. Gaze patterns are analyzed alongside semantic representations of the stimuli and participants' descriptions, constructed from a frame semantic annotation of both linguistic and visual modalities. Preliminary results show that far-future and pessimistic scenarios are associated with longer fixations and more erratic saccades, supporting the hypothesis that fractures in the base spaces underlying interpretation of future scenarios increase cognitive load for comprehenders.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Linguistics; Event cognition; Language and thought; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Semantics of language; Computer-based experiment; Eye tracking; Knowled" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xj5b99f", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tiago", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Torrent", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Turner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Case Western Reserve University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicol‡s", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hinrichs", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Frederico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Belcavello", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Igor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Louren�o", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Uberlândia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcelo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Viridiano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Arthur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lorenzi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ely Edison", "middle_name": "Silva", "last_name": "Matos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Federal University of Juiz de Fora", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49398/galley/37360/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49364, "title": "Games Agents Play: Towards Transactional Analysis in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly used to simulate social interactions, but most of the frameworks miss the underlying cognitive complexity of human behavior. In this paper, we introduce Trans-ACT (Transactional Analysis Cognitive Toolkit), an approach embedding Transactional Analysis (TA) principles into MAS to generate agents with realistic psychological dynamics. Trans-ACT integrates the Parent, Adult, and Child ego states into an agent's cognitive architecture. Each ego state retrieves context-specific memories and uses them to shape response to new situations. The final answer is chosen according to the underlying life script of the agent. Our experimental simulation, which reproduces the Stupid game scenario, demonstrates that agents grounded in cognitive and TA principles produce deeper and context-aware interactions. Looking ahead, our research opens a new way for a variety of applications, including conflict resolution, educational support, and advanced social psychology studies.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive architectures; Social cognition; Agent-based Modeling; Case studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gg6j165", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Monika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zamojska", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Warsaw University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jarosław", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Chudziak", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Warsaw University of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49364/galley/37326/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50158, "title": "Gaze and Gluttony: How BMI Affects Our First Fixations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We investigated selective attention towards high- versus low-calorie foods in individuals with normal (BMI 18–25) and high BMI (>25) using eye-tracking. Participants performed a central letter discrimination task while irrelevant food images appeared peripherally (5° from fixation). We measured the probability and latency of first fixations. High BMI participants were more likely to initially fixate on high-calorie processed foods. On the contrary, the normal BMI group showed a bias towards low-calorie foods, although this observation needs further investigation. These attentional biases occurred despite controlling for perceptual differences between images. The high BMI group showed a bias in the left visual field, as predicted by the literature on dominance of the right hemisphere in rewarding stimulus processing. This early, automatic attentional bias may contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and has implications for understanding cognitive mechanisms involved in obesity, particularly the role of bottom-up attentional capture by rewarding food stimuli.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Eye tracking; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45g6832d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rajashree", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Biswas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rashmi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gupta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "IIT Bpmbay", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50158/galley/38120/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50074, "title": "Gaze-Guided Learning: Avoiding Shortcut Bias in Visual Classification", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Inspired by human visual attention, deep neural networks have widely adopted attention mechanisms to learn locally discriminative attributes for challenging visual classification tasks. However, existing approaches primarily emphasize the representation of such features while neglecting precise localization, which often leads to misclassification caused by shortcut biases. This limitation becomes more pronounced when models are evaluated on transfer or out-of-distribution datasets. In contrast, humans leverage prior object knowledge to quickly localize and compare fine-grained attributes, a capability especially crucial in complex and high-variance classification scenarios. We introduce Gaze-CIFAR-10, a human gaze time-series dataset, along with a dual-sequence gaze encoder that models the precise sequential localization of human attention on distinct local attributes. In parallel, a Vision Transformer (ViT) is employed to learn the sequential representation of image content. Through cross-modal fusion, our framework integrates human gaze priors with machine-derived visual sequences, effectively correcting inaccurate localization in image feature representations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Human Factors; Pattern recognition; Vision; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wk802np", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiahang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tianjin Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shibo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xue", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tianjin Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Su", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tianjin Normal University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50074/galley/38036/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49895, "title": "Gaze Insights into Partially-Encoded Representations of Objects and Categories", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Studies of category learning have revealed individual differences in decision-making, such that the same stimulus may be categorized differently across individuals. Modeling accounts have explained these differences in terms of how attention weights are distributed across stimulus dimensions that distinguish between category responses. These weights are typically assumed to reflect an individual's beliefs about which dimensions are most relevant to their goals. The current work investigates the possibility that instead of being purely strategic, attention weights are constrained by what was encoded into memory during learning. Participants (N=120, age 18-25) completed a category learning task while gaze was recorded as an exogenous measure of attention. Model-based analyses using gaze to predict behavior revealed that accounting for partially-encoded representations was necessary for predicting individual differences in feature memory and categorization.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Concepts and categories; Learning; Memory; Computational Modeling; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08h0v799", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jared", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vance", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Utah State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Darby", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Florida Atlantic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emily", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Weichart", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Utah State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49895/galley/37857/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50209, "title": "Gaze Patterns during Map Reading as Predictors of Route Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Participants (N = 74) learned a predefined route from a digital map, during which gaze patterns were recorded. Subsequently, participants navigated the route from memory in a virtual environment, and navigation errors were measured. This task was performed twice, with half of the participants receiving specific map reading instructions between the pretest and posttest. Based on sequences of distances between fixations and the indicated destination of the route, gaze patterns were categorized as systematic (following the route with their gaze) or unsystematic. In the pretest, navigation performance of systematic readers was significantly better, and navigation performance was positively associated with repetitions of systematic reading following the route. Moreover, more systematic reading was found in the posttest, and navigation errors decreased from pretest to posttest. No effect was found for instruction. Results show that effective map reading can be predicted by gaze patterns.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Instruction and teaching; Learning; Spatial cognition; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c3330wb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hatice", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dedetas Satir", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Mannheim", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benedict", "middle_name": "C. O. F.", "last_name": "Fehringer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Mannheim", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MŸnzer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Mannheim", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50209/galley/38171/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49489, "title": "Gaze signatures of cognitive conflict while choosing and solving", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Current measures of cognitive conflict in experimental settings focus either on whole trial-level measures, such as reaction time and proportion of cohort disagreement, or intrusive on-task measures such as think-aloud paradigms. Consequently, granular within-trial measurements of the experience of cognitive conflict have been missing from the literature, and consequently, from formal models and theories of decision making. By combining the recently proposed switch paradigm for measuring cognitive conflict with on-task eye-tracking, we ask one such theoretical question: is the experience of cognitive conflict different when choices have clear normative answers and when they don't? Our results answer this question affirmatively and characterize it quantitatively by means of gaze signatures for both classes of experience of cognitive conflict.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Reasoning; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4120n4f7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Revati", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shivnekar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Jagiellonian University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nisheeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Srivastava", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49489/galley/37451/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49362, "title": "Generating Representations In Space with GRIS", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When conducting experimental research, the research questions are often inherently linked (and limited) to the paradigm that is used. In this paper, we present a new experimental tool -- GRIS (Generating Representations in Space) -- that builds experiments where participants can manipulate objects on a screen. Through a series of three experiments on sentence acceptability, category typicality, and multi-dimensional similarity, we demonstrate how GRIS-based experiments allow cognitive scientists to approximate representational spaces for a variety of cognitive phenomena, expanding the set of possible research questions that cognitive scientists may ask.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Language and thought; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Pattern recognition; Reasoning; Representation; Spatial cognition; Computer-based experi" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m65z4x8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Starr", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ashlyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winship", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Schijndel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49362/galley/37323/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49981, "title": "Generation and Evaluation in the Human Invention Process through the Lens of Game Design", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans do not just follow rules and solve problems created by others: we modify those rules, set new goals, and create new problems—so can we be inventors and innovators. Creating a good rule or a good problem, however, depends not just on the ideas you come up with but on how you evaluate such proposals. Here, we study invention through the lens of game design. We focus particularly on the early stages of novice, \"everyday\" game creation, where the stakes are low. We draw on a dataset of over 450 human created games and conduct a model-based analysis of how people invented new games based on prior experience. We consider two different cognitive mechanisms that may be at work during the early processes of intuitive game invention: an associative proposal based on previous games one has seen, and evaluation based on simulations of play. In particular, we aim to understand two possible evaluation schemes (model-free and model-based) that a commonsense-based game creator may use to refine their initial draft proposals. We find that the generated games are best described by a model which incorporates both rapid model-free evaluations and slower, model-based estimates of game quality at a population level. Our work serves as a step forward towards the proposal and evaluation process in human invention. See https://sites.google.com/view/gen-eval-game-creation for additional details and preprint.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Creativity; Language and thought; Reasoning; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dq8w214", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Katherine", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Collins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Graham", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Todd", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cedegao", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weller", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Togelius", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lionel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffiths", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49981/galley/37943/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50376, "title": "Generative AI-Assisted Clinical Interviewing of Mental Health", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The standard assessment of mental health typically involves clinical interviews conducted by highly trained clinicians. This approach faces significant challenges, including high costs, overburdened clinical workloads, variability in clinician expertise, and a lack of standardization. Recent progress in large language models presents an opportunity to address these limitations by simulating clinician-led interviews, however, the validation of such AI-driven clinical interviews remains sparse. We developed and evaluated an AI assistant designed to conduct clinical interviews (N = 303). Another AI assistant task was analyzing the interview transcripts to generate diagnostic insights based on DSM-5 criteria and to provide comprehensive justifications for its assessments. The results showed that the general AI-powered clinical interview correlated with self-reported, clinician-diagnosed mental disorders that were non-significantly different, and had significantly lower co-dependencies, compared to state-of-the-art rating scales. These findings suggest that AI-powered clinical interviews can offer an accurate, cost-effective, and standardized approach to diagnosing common mental disorders.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Natural Language Processing; Clinical methods; Psychophysics" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4004g6z2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sverker", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sikstrom", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lund university", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50376/galley/38338/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49828, "title": "Generics revisited: Analyzing generalizations in children's books and caregivers' speech", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Generics, general statements about categories, are believed to transmit essentialist beliefs---the idea that things have a hidden true nature. Research suggests that people essentialize natural (biological and non-living) and social kinds, but not artifacts. Previous studies using small datasets found that generics are often used to describe animate beings in speech to children. Using a larger corpus of children's books and parent speech, we examined a wider range of kinds and generalizing statements (habituals and universals). Our results show that generics are more likely used for biological kinds than artifacts and that their use increases in parent speech as children age. However, generics weren't more likely used for non-living or social kinds than artifacts. Habituals, at least in speech, were more likely used for social kinds than artifacts. Generalizing statements were more likely used for about non-living natural kinds than artifacts. These findings inform the debate over whether generics transmit essentialist beliefs.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Natural Language Processing; Corpus studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n617980", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sunny", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alvin", "middle_name": "Wei Ming", "last_name": "Tan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Siying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Psychology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xuhui", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Riley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carlson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tobias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gerstenberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rose", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49828/galley/37790/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49718, "title": "Gestural Relativity of Spatial Cognition: Speakers' co-speech gestures shape listeners' spatial frame of reference", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "To think about objects' locations, people adopt a spatial frame of reference anchored either to their own body (egocentric; e.g., left vs. right) or to something external (allocentric; e.g., cardinal directions). Within cultures, people habitually rely on the same frame of reference, manifested in language, gesture, and memory. How are these norms transmitted? One account, linguistic relativity, argues they are transmitted through language. Here we explore a complementary route: gesture. In a between-subjects experiment (N = 70), we manipulated the spatial frame of reference used in gesture to describe table-top locations. As predicted, participants reliably adopted this frame of reference in a subsequent spatial search task, even after the speaker stopped gesturing. This suggests that a speaker's gesture has the capacity to reshape listeners' spatial reasoning. We argue that this offers a mechanism for \"gestural relativity,\" which we consider in light of a larger cognitive-ecological perspective on spatial cognition.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Behavioral Science; Reasoning; Spatial cognition; Gesture analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cz8h14q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shervin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nosrati", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Merced", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tyler", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marghetis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Merced", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49718/galley/37680/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50148, "title": "Gesture Restrictions effect on Silent Pauses in Emotional Narratives: An Embodied Emotion Perspective", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Gestures and silent pauses are integral to the pragmatic, semantic, and temporal organization of speech. However, how gesture inhibition affects silent pauses in emotional context remains unexplored. This study examined how narrative type and gesture conditions affect (a) the distribution of silent pauses [short (250–500 ms), medium (500–1000 ms), and long (>1000 ms)], measured by frequency, average duration, and time ratio, while controlling for speech rate, and (b) self-reported emotional intensity. Thirty participants (Mage=20.61) narrated negative (sadness, fear, anger) and neutral (daily routine) experiences in Hindi-English under gesture-restricted (N=15) and gesture-free (N=15) conditions. A significant main effect of narrative type was found: short pauses increased in neutral narratives under the gesture-free condition, and long pauses increased in negative narratives under the gesture-restricted condition. No significant effect of gesture condition or interaction effect was observed. Gesture restriction also appeared to increase self-reported emotional intensity during negative narratives.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Emotion; Comparative Analysis; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sp3f4cs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Riya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jain", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amitash", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ojha", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50148/galley/38110/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50345, "title": "Gestures on Memory: How Speech-Gesture Congruency Influences Memory and Metamemory Across Test Types", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The current study investigates how (dis)fluency, manipulated by the (in)congruence between speech and gesture, can impact metamemory and memory. In two experiments (N=36 for each), we employed a mismatch paradigm where participants were presented with short videos of an actor simultaneously verbalizing a verb-object pair (e.g., distributing cards) while performing the congruent (e.g., distributing cards) or incongruent iconic hand gesture (e.g., drawing cards). After each video, participants evaluated speech-gesture compatibility on a 5-point Likert scale and provided a JOL rating (0-100). In Experiment 1, they were administered a free recall test, writing only the speech, while Experiment 2 utilized a recognition test to identify the exact video from the encoding phase. Results indicate higher memory performance and higher JOL ratings for congruent videos than incongruent videos. In contrast, no significant differences in memory or metamemory were observed in the second experiment.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Language Comprehension; Memory; Gesture analysis; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3572d4hm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Nilsu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SaÄŸlam", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bilkent University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Demet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "…zer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bilkent University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Miri", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Besken", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bilkent University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50345/galley/38307/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49738, "title": "Gesture Use Contributes to Autobiographical Remembering", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "<p>Gestures support communication and mental processes. However, the contribution of co-speech gestures to autobiographical retrieval has recently started to receive attention. This study examines whether gestures facilitate autobiographical constructions by activating existing episodic details and integrating new ones, through a within-participant manipulation of gesture use (spontaneous and encouraged) and event type (past and future). Our main findings showed that representational gestures accounted for an increase in episodic details within autobiographical memory constructions. Although participants gestured more when they were encouraged, and past events elicited more details than future events, the association between gestures and increased episodic details did not differ across conditions. These findings suggest that representational gestures are particularly instrumental in autobiographical memory processes, as they contribute to the activation and retrieval of episodic details in mental simulations.</p>", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Event cognition; Memory; Gesture analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2702j430", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Selma Berfin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tanis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sabanci University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yagmur Damla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Senturk", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sabanci University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "İbrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Akkan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Koç University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tilbe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Göksun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Koç University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cagla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aydin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sabanci University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49738/galley/37700/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49556, "title": "GIBRNet: A Multimodal Spatiotemporal Reasoning Network Integrating Emotion, Gaze, and Position for Gaze Interaction Behavior Recognition", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Gaze Interaction Behavior Recognition (GIBR) plays a significant role in understanding social behaviors and diagnosing mental health conditions. However, existing methods are limited by inadequate task modeling, resulting in suboptimal performance. To address this issue, we model the GIBR task as a spatiotemporal reasoning problem integrating three modalities: emotion, gaze, and position. Based on this, we propose GIBRNet, which enhances the representation of gaze interaction tendencies through an Emotion-Aware Refinement Matrix and dynamically aggregates multi-frame, multi-modal information using GP-GNN, enabling more precise interaction behavior reasoning. Comparative experiments on the VACATION dataset demonstrate that GIBRNet significantly outperforms existing approaches. Additionally, we constructed a GIBR dataset suite, consisting of three extended datasets, for generalization evaluation, demonstrating GIBRNet's superiority. All datasets and code are publicly available.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Interactive behavior; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hs6x3hs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Junhao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central China Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central China Normal University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jingxing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Fuzhou University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhiyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Fudan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central China Normal University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49556/galley/37518/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49884, "title": "Goal Inference using Reward-Producing Programs in a Novel Physics Environment", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A child invents a game, describes its rules, and in an instant, we can play it, judge progress, and even suggest new variations. What mental representations enable such flexible reasoning? We build on recent work formalizing naturally expressed goals as a type of program, grounding linguistic descriptions into precise scoring systems. To support this notion, we study human-created objectives in a physics game environment. We leverage the formal representations to quantitatively analyze relationships between reward geometry, goal complexity, and perceived difficulty. We then propose a proof-of-concept of a computational goal inference method using these program representations and behavioral demonstrations, offering a concrete proposal of how humans reason about others' goals.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb2m1zv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Guy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davidson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Graham", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Todd", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University Tandon", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "CŽdric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Colas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Junyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Togelius", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Tenenbaum", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Gureckis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brenden", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lake", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NYU", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49884/galley/37846/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49350, "title": "Go Big or Go Hoax: Explanatory Scope and the Believability of Conspiracy Theories", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Conspiracy theories explain the cause of world events through the machinations of shadowy, secret groups. Understanding what in conspiracy theories makes them appealing explanations is an important area of research. People like explanations that can account for a large number of seen events (broad explanatory scope), while not accounting for every possible unseen event (narrow latent scope). It is unknown if people think conspiracy theories have broad or narrow scope and how this may relate to their believability. We thus explored perceptions of conspiracy theory explanations' scope and how this relates to their believability. Participants rated 40 conspiracy theories and their fact-based alternative explanations. Fact-based explanations were seen as having larger explanatory and latent scope. Additionally, larger scope was positively correlated with higher believability for both explanation types. We discuss how these findings relate to the explanation literature and highlight important elements of the seductive appeal of conspiracy theories.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Causal reasoning; Other; Reasoning; Survey" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gc219mf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jessecae", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Marsh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Lehigh University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Samantha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kleinberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stevens Institute of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49350/galley/37311/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49842, "title": "Goldilocks Pattern of Learning after Observing Unexpected Physical Events", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Infants learn better following expectancy violations. Yet it is unknown whether this surprise-induced learning operates across development, is all-or-none or graded, and whether surprise directly mediates it. We addressed these questions by showing adults events depicting varying numbers of violations. In Experiments 1 and 2, adults saw events with 0 to 3 physical violations, then heard a novel verb for the presented action. Adults learned better after observing violations; notably, their learning exhibited a Goldilocks pattern—initially increasing with number of observed violations, then declining. Experiment 3 asked whether this learning enhancement was driven by surprise itself, or by the search for explanations for the surprising events. Adults saw events with different numbers of violations, then rated their surprise and generated candidate explanations. Whereas surprise increased monotonically with violations, explanation-generation exhibited a Goldilocks pattern like that in Experiments 1-2. This suggests that surprise-induced learning may reflect the search for explanations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive architectures; Learning; Reasoning; Knowledge representation" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5783720j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Qiong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Di", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feigenson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49842/galley/37804/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49255, "title": "GPNet: Granularity-Aware Pyramid Network with Graph Aggregation for Sleep Staging and Face-Emotional Recognition Speed Prediction", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Accurate classification of sleep stages is crucial for sleep quality assessment, health monitoring, and disease prevention. To effectively extract significant waveform features and capture the interactive coupling of features at different layers from single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, this study proposes the Granularity-Aware Pyramid Network with Graph Aggregation for Sleep Staging (GPNet) model. Specifically, the model first extracts fine-grained time-frequency features from multi-resolution input signals using the feature pyramid. Subsequently, an adaptive deep attention mechanism is incorporated into the layer with the highest depth-wise information to explore the correlations between local and global features. Finally, graph convolution is employed to learn the coupling interactions among high-level features across multiple layers. Comparative experiments conducted on the Sleep-EDF-X datasets demonstrate that GPNet exhibits highly competitive performance compared to other models. Additionally, GPNet predicts post-sleep recognition speed of negative emotions, revealing a negative correlation with REM(%) sleep and suggesting that sleep mitigates negative effects.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Emotion; Pattern recognition; Sleep; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4366b688", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Congming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Computer Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ting", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49255/galley/37216/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49255/galley/38761/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50014, "title": "GPT-4o Lacks Core Features of Theory of Mind", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Do Large Language Models (LLMs) possess a Theory of Mind (ToM)? Research into this question has found that LLMs succeed on a range of benchmark tasks. However, these evaluations do not test for the actual representations posited by ToM: namely, a causal model of mental states and behavior. Here, we use a cognitively-grounded definition of ToM to develop and test a new evaluation framework. Specifically, our approach probes whether LLMs have a coherent, abstract, and consistent model of how mental states cause behavior—regardless of whether that model matches a human-like ToM. We test our evaluation against GPT-4o and find that even though it succeeds in approximating human judgments in a simple ToM paradigm, GPT-4o fails at a logically-equivalent task and exhibits low consistency between its action predictions and corresponding mental state inferences. As such, these findings suggest that GPT-4o's social proficiency is not the result of a ToM.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Philosophy; Psychology; Intelligent agents; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Social cognition; Theory of Mind; Bayesian modeling; Computational" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h04686p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muchovej", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amanda", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Royka", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jara-Ettinger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50014/galley/37976/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50029, "title": "Happy Faces, Faster Stops: The Cognitive Benefits of Dance in Emotional Contexts", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Dance is more than physical exercise; it integrates cognitive, emotional, and motor skills. This study investigated the role of dance in modulating response inhibition in emotional and non-emotional contexts. We compared dancers (N = 15) and non-dancers (N = 21) on two response inhibition tasks: the non-emotional stop-signal task (NESST) and the emotional stop-signal task ESST (examined inhibition in the presence of emotional distractors). Inhibitory control was similar between the dancers and non-dancers in the non-emotional stop-signal task. However, a significant interaction between group and emotion was observed in the ESST, which may indicate that irrelevant emotional information modulates inhibitory control differently in both groups. More specifically, stop signals with irrelevant emotional happy faces (compared to angry and neural) facilitated inhibitory control in dancers only. These findings suggest that dance training is associated with enhanced cognitive control in emotionally salient contexts, particularly when processing positive emotional stimuli.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Dance; Emotion; Comparative Analysis" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9882j4gz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Stuti", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mehta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rashmi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gupta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50029/galley/37991/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49242, "title": "\"Hearing As\": Top-down Processing Affects Early ERP Components for Musical Expectation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Harmonic expectation is an important generator of musical experience often explained through mechanisms of statistical learning. EEG research has identified ERP components associated with expectation, including the Early (Right) Anterior Negativity (E(R)AN), which is theorized to index harmonic surprisal with reference to long-term memory of the statistical structure of music. However, the role of top-down influence remains under-explored. We present data from a novel paradigm that cues listeners to the syntactic structure of the stimuli (but not whether they contain improbable events). Our main result revealed larger E(R)AN amplitudes for surprising chords when listeners knew that additional context would follow a surprising harmony. We propose that listeners prospectively integrate surprising chords with anticipated future context, rather than responding to them solely through automatic probability assessment. Musical surprisal arises from a dynamic interplay between bottom-up cues and a listener's top-down anticipated syntactic structure.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Neuroscience; Music; Statistical learning; Syntax; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13f9h8tv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yeoeun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lim", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University Bloomington", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Megan", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Kibler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University Bloomington", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nazbanou", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nozari", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indiana University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49242/galley/37203/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49242/galley/38748/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49498, "title": "Hearing Beyond Categories: General Adaptation to Nonnative Speech", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Listeners can rapidly adapt to non-native accented speech, yet the underlying mechanisms remain debated. This study examines whether accent adaptation reflects adjustments in phonetic representations or shifts in decision-making processes. Using a pretest-exposure-posttest paradigm, we examined native English listeners' perception of the Mandarin-accented /θ/-/s/ contrast across two exposure conditions: exposure to Mandarin-accented sentences (Experiment 1) or to pure tones (Experiment 2). In both experiments, listeners showed increased acceptance of ambiguous /θ/ and /s/ tokens when they formed real words, suggesting that adaptation stems from changes in lexical decision criterion reinforced through task repetition rather than accent exposure alone. Additionally, we observed evidence suggestive of rapid within-test distributional learning from limited trials. Our findings support the notion that listeners lower lexical decision criterion when processing accented speech, while also demonstrating remarkable adaptability to novel accent features even with minimal exposure.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Language Comprehension; Learning; Perception; Speech recognition; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5127v178", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yuting", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xie", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Irvine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49498/galley/37460/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49248, "title": "Helping and hindering guide infants' expectations about future behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What inferences do infants make from people's helping behavior? Two preregistered studies examined whether 14- & 15-month-old infants expect consistent helping behavior across different social contexts, and whether any such expectations are consistent with inferences about relationships or dispositions. Participants saw one individual help a target social partner move a boulder up a hill, and they saw another individual hinder the same target from reaching the top of the hill. We then tested infants' expectations about which individual was more likely to provide help in the future by measuring how long they looked when both the helper and hinderer provided help in a new context. In Exp1, the target social partner in the new helping context was the same character that appeared in the familiarization events. In Exp 2, the target was a novel character. Infants looked longer when the hinderer, rather than the helper, provided help to the original target in the new context (Exp1). However, infants' looking times did not differ between events when the target was novel (Exp2). The looking patterns between the two experiments were significantly different. Thus, infants use the pro- or antisocial nature of an individual's past actions to generate expectations for future behavior, but do not generalize those expectations to new targets. Together, this suggests that infants primarily infer social relationships, rather than dispositions, from others' helping behavior.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17g4n45z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Bill", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pepe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Brandon", "middle_name": "Matthew", "last_name": "Woo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Thomas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lindsey", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Powell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCSD", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49248/galley/37209/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49248/galley/38754/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50270, "title": "Heritage Language vs. Dominant Language: When Bilinguals Excel in Unexpected Ways", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Heritage bilinguals—who learned their L1 in their childhood home and L2 at school—vary greatly in their language and literacy skills. Although much is known about heritage bilingual children's language and literacy development, less understood are psycholinguistic processes underlying literacy skills in heritage bilingual adults, which we examined here. Spanish(L1)-English(L2) heritage bilingual adults completed psycholinguistic and reading tasks in English and Spanish. Although participants' English and Spanish verbal fluency did not significantly differ (t=1.750, p=.118), they read sight words more efficiently in English than Spanish (t=5.371, p<.001), suggesting asymmetries in language versus literacy skills. However, participants had better recollection for and familiarity with passages read in Spanish than English (ts>2.014, ps<.04), despite lower d' scores in Spanish than English reflecting greater uncertainty (t=1.681, p=.066). These findings suggest that memory is richer for passages read in Spanish than English, despite reading being more efficient in English than Spanish.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Other; Reading; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nb0z2sr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Natsuki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Atagi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California State University, Fullerton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sammi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Banh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California State University, Fullerton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Megan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zirnstein", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pomona College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50270/galley/38232/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50447, "title": "\"He's bigger so he has to be older\": Children's development of age concepts from 3 to 5 years old", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The concept of age is difficult for children to understand as it requires coordinating knowledge across several domains of abstract concepts (e.g., time, number, biology). We tested 122 three- to five-year-old children on their identification of which of two figures is older, as well as on their knowledge of which of two numbers is greater and their ability to temporally order past memories. Consistent with prior research, we found that young children are influenced by size in making age judgments, demonstrating a bias to respond that someone who is bigger is older. However, we show that by age 4, children can incorporate numerical age cues to make accurate age judgments. Among other possible interpretations, these findings suggest that children may initially conflate age with size before identifying chronological time as the relevant domain for age, exhibiting a conceptual change for which acquiring numerical knowledge may play a key role.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories; Learning; Memory" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w25c9ts", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kosta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boskovic", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barner", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T13:00:00-05:00", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50447/galley/38409/download/" } ] } ] }