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{ "count": 39481, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=3000", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/articles/?format=api&limit=100&offset=2800", "results": [ { "pk": 49280, "title": "Heterogeneity in Loss Aversion Estimates across Modeling Approaches", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates how different modeling approaches affect the measurement of loss aversion, a fundamental concept in psychology and economics. Analyzing 10 datasets comprising over 140,000 trials from 686 participants, we compared four prominent methods: Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Prospect Theory, Bayesian Prospect Theory, Generalized Linear Models, and Drift Diffusion Models. While group-level median loss aversion estimates showed consistency across methods, significant differences emerged at the individual level. The analysis revealed substantial individual-level methodological variability in both the magnitude of loss aversion estimates and participant classification. These findings demonstrate the impact of methodological choices on loss aversion measurement and underscore the need for careful consideration when comparing results across studies using different estimation techniques.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24w9p95m", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Akhil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abburu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Delhi", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sumeet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Agarwal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Delhi", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sumitava", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mukherjee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Indian Institute of Technology Delhi", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49280/galley/37241/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49237, "title": "Hidden costs of overparenting: Children feel worse about their abilities when adults take over for their peers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Overparenting undermines children's self-efficacy and motivation. However, little research has explored whether its negative impacts extend beyond the home and affect not only overparented children, but also their peers. Here, we test the hypothesis that 6- to 8-year-old children attribute peer success to internal (ability) rather than external (parental intervention) causes and that this attribution leads children to form negative beliefs about their own competencies. In Experiment 1, children were more likely to spontaneously attribute outstanding peer performance to internal causes (ability) than external ones (parental intervention). In Experiment 2, children reported lower self-perceived abilities when they learned that peers outperformed them due to internal (ability) versus external (parental intervention) causes. Together, these findings reveal an unintended consequence of overparenting: Intervening to enhance one child's performance leads peers to feel worse about their abilities, potentially harming their self-concept and future motivation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognitive development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sn2m0s4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Elaine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Reut", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shachnai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Julia", "middle_name": "Anne", "last_name": "Leonard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49237/galley/37198/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49237/galley/38743/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49944, "title": "Hierarchical Abstraction Enables Human-Like 3D Object Recognition in Deep Learning Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Both humans and deep learning models can recognize objects from 3D shapes depicted with sparse visual information, such as a set of points randomly sampled from the surfaces of 3D objects (termed a point cloud). Although deep learning models achieve human-like performance in recognizing objects from 3D shapes, it remains unclear whether these models develop 3D shape representations similar to those used by human vision for object recognition. We hypothesize that training with 3D shapes enables models to form representations of local geometric structures in 3D shapes. However, their representations of global 3D object shapes may be limited. We conducted two human experiments systematically manipulating point density and object orientation (Experiment 1), and local geometric structure (Experiment 2). Humans consistently performed well across all experimental conditions. We compared two types of deep learning models, one based on a convolutional neural network (DGCNN) and the other on visual transformers (point transformer), with human performance. We found that the point transformer model provided a better account of human performance than the convolution-based model. The advantage mainly results from the mechanism in the point transformer model that supports hierarchical abstraction of 3D shapes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Machine learning; Pattern recognition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tw1460s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Shuhao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Philip J", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kellman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hongjing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCLA", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49944/galley/37906/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49463, "title": "Hierarchical Cognitive Graph Autoencoder for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Communication is essential for enhancing the cognition and cooperation of agents in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, existing methods often rely on predefined and rigid cognitive patterns, which cannot adapt to dynamic environmental changes and complex inter-agent interactions. In this work, we introduce the Hierarchical Cognitive Graph Autoencoder (HCGA), an adaptive framework that addresses these limitations. HCGA represents inter-agent messages as nodes in a graph with learnable edges, employs a grouping mechanism to integrate related local information into compact latent representations, and then applies hierarchical aggregation to construct a comprehensive global cognition. This approach effectively distills essential information and adaptively uncovers cognitive patterns from dynamic environments, thereby enhancing the overall robustness and efficiency of cognitive processing in MARL tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that HCGA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods across various MARL tasks, highlighting its robustness, adaptability, and efficiency.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Group Behaviour; Intelligent agents; Agent-based Modeling; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kh6s29p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Peng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chuxiong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sun", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "CoCo Labs", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49463/galley/37425/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50129, "title": "Hierarchical Instance-Based Learning for Decision Making from Delayed Feedback", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In real-world decision making, outcomes are often delayed, meaning individuals must make multiple decisions before receiving any feedback. Moreover, feedback can be presented in different ways: it may summarize the overall results of multiple decisions (aggregated feedback) or report the outcome of individual decisions after some delay (clustered feedback). Despite its importance, the timing and presentation of delayed feedback has received little attention in cognitive modeling of decision-making, which typically focuses on immediate feedback. To address this, we conducted an experiment to compare the effect of delayed vs. immediate feedback and aggregated vs. clustered feedback. We also propose a Hierarchical Instance-Based Learning (HIBL) model that captures how people make decisions in delayed feedback settings. HIBL uses a super-model that chooses between sub-models to perform the decision-making task until an outcome is observed. Simulations show that HIBL best predicts human behavior and specific patterns, demonstrating the flexibility of IBL models.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Learning" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xj1p9vg", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tyler", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Malloy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hagmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cleotilde", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50129/galley/38091/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49772, "title": "Higher perceptual attention cost slows contingency learning after a modality shift", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Learning perception-action contingencies from the environment depends on attention, to efficiently control cognition and selectively process sensory information. Shifting attention between sensory modalities incurs a cost in humans, other primates, and rodents, resulting in slower learning in the new modality. Previous set-shifting work in rats showed that increased difficulty of perceptual discrimination in the preceding modality increases the following shift cost. We studied this in humans by manipulating perceptual attention in one sensory modality, titrating task demand by staircase design, to test the effect on perceptual contingency learning in another modality. To accommodate the complexity of human learning, we introduce a Bayesian method to decompose and estimate learning characteristics from performance data. This method identifies the completion of rule acquisition and consolidation, accounting for individual variation in learning. Results show the expected modality shift cost, and offer new evidence in humans that shift cost is exacerbated by prior demands on attention.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Learning; Perception; Predictive Processing; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jw7d9m8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Natalia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Postnova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Helsinki", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nelson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Totah", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Helsinki", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "Ultan", "last_name": "Cowley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Helsinki", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49772/galley/37734/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49974, "title": "Homogeneity Bias in Small Number Word Comprehension", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Number words are often used in noun phrases referring to objects (e.g., \"two balls\"). This usage may suggest to children that numbers quantify same-kind sets. We investigated this hypothesis using a novel task that assessed English-speaking children's (aged 3-11 years) preference for same-kind sets when asked for two or three objects. Across four experiments (N=167) children's preference for same-kind sets was evaluated at the basic level (cows, horses, etc.), subordinate level (grey horses, brown horses), and superordinate level (animals, food). Children did not show any bias at the subordinate level, but they tended to produce same-kind sets when presented with items that differed at the basic or superordinate level. At the basic level, counting fluency was associated with children's production of same-kind sets. Our results suggest that children interpret number words as referring to same-kind sets and this bias is particularly strong in children with limited number knowledge.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Concepts and categories; Language acquisition; Learning; Representation" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4930x4gz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jenna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Croteau", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UMass Amherst", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joonkoo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Park", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49974/galley/37936/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49658, "title": "How Altruistic Motivation Synchronizes Brain-Muscle Coherence to Enhance Motor Performance", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "While extrinsic and intrinsic motivation have been well studied, the effects of altruistic motivation on motor performance remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the influence of altruistic motivation on brain–muscle coherence and its effect on improving time to task failure. Thirty-one participants performed two high-intensity isometric grip tasks to failure. The first trial was conducted without any extra motivational incentive, while the second trial was performed under one of three conditions: altruistic, extrinsic, or control. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals were recorded during both trials. Our results demonstrate that only the altruistic group improved their performance from the first to the second trial (68%; p = 0.004). The altruistic group exhibited increased EEG–EMG coherence in the alpha and beta bands and reduced delta coherence. These findings suggest that prosocial motivation restructures neural oscillatory activity, optimizing force control and endurance.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Emotion; Empathy; Motor control; Sensory Processing; cognitive neuropsychology; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z80c4vn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tatiana Okubo Rocha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pinho", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California State University San Marcos", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Pedro Augusto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pereira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Anhembi Morumbi", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Osmar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pinto Neto", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "California State University San Marcos", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49658/galley/37620/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50327, "title": "How and when do generic language and structural explanations shape essentialist beliefs about social categories?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Generic language about social categories risks amplifying essentialist beliefs, but its influence can be reduced by framing category features as products of extrinsic structures. We investigated which elements of essentialism are fostered by generics and whether structural framing dampens essentialist assumptions even for categories negatively stereotyped in society. In Experiment 1, participants read generic, quantified, or specific statements about novel categories and then rated the categories on ten dimensions of essentialism. Compared to other statements, generics led participants to essentialize the referenced categories broadly, viewing them as natural kinds with high inductive potential. In Experiment 2, participants read generics about novel or real-world categories (e.g., Mexican immigrants), sometimes accompanied by a structural explanation. Such explanations reduced essentialist interpretations of the generics for novel categories, but slightly increased them for real-world categories. Generics appear to induce broad essentialist beliefs, and structural framing may be insufficient for mitigating their problematic social consequences.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Concepts and categories; Language and thought; Reasoning; Semantics of language; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6560h80r", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Amalia", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Shapira", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Reed College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kati", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wolcott", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Reed College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Flusberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vassar College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Holmes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Reed College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50327/galley/38289/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50241, "title": "How Communicative Pressure Shapes Social Networks: An Agent-Based Model of Language-Network Co-Evolution using the Naming Game", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In cultural evolution, empirical data and models highlight the key role of demographic factors like population size and network structure in cumulative cultural evolution (Derex & Mesoudi, 2020). However, few studies have explored the co-evolution of cultural and demographic structures (Smolla & Akçay, 2019). Therefore, we extend Falandays and Smaldino's (2022) agent-based model with dynamic directed networks. Agents played the Color Naming Game (Baronchelli et al., 2010), learning linguistic and color categories and mappings between. Based on communicative success and Bayesian learning, agents adjust network connections, driving the co-evolution of cognitive, linguistic, and demographic structures. We varied initial network structure, population size, and constraints on cognition, communication, and life cycle. Our findings indicate that pressures for shared language shape the emergence of networks that facilitate the learnability and transmissibility of shared language, and that the equilibrium network structure depends on initial conditions and the balance of constraints on the system.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Complex systems; Concepts and categories; Culture; Semantics of language; Agent-based Modeling" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04q921wc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Amirhossein", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sarkaboudi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Arizona State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "Benjamin", "last_name": "Falandays", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Arizona State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50241/galley/38203/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49874, "title": "How constraints on editing affects cultural evolution", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When is it beneficial to constrain creativity? Creativity thrives with freedom, but when people collaborate to create artifacts, there is tension between giving individuals freedom to revise, and protecting prior achievements. To test how imposing constraints may affect collective creativity, we performed cultural evolution experiments where participants collaborated to create melodies and images in chains. With melodies, we found that limiting step size (number of musical notes that can be changed) improved pleasantness ratings. Similar results were observed in cohorts of musicians, and with different selection regimes. This outcome was due to the tendency to overcrowd melodies. Interestingly, limiting step size in creating images consistently reduced pleasantness. These conflicting findings suggest that in domains such as music, where artifacts can be easily damaged, collective creativity may benefit from imposing small step sizes or limiting overcrowding. We discuss parallels with search algorithms and the evolution of conservative birdsong cultures.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Art and Cognition; Creativity; Culture; Evolution" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b000770", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ofer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tchernichovski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hunter College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "M. C.", "last_name": "Harrison", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Cambridge", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eitan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Globerson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Israel Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jacoby", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49874/galley/37836/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50218, "title": "How descriptions moderate memory biases in experience-based risky choice", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Individuals receive information about risk mainly via two ways: description, which provides explicit outcomes and associated probabilities of available choice options; and experience, where individuals interact with the choice options and receive feedback from their choices. In the current work, we investigate how the presence of descriptions in a risky experience-based task influenced choice behaviour and memory of past outcomes. Participants made repeated choices in either an experience-only condition or a description-plus-experience condition, where descriptions were presented alongside feedback. They were more risk seeking in the description-plus-experience condition than in the experience-only condition, particularly in the domain of losses. This suggests that descriptions have an asymmetric effect, exerting a stronger influence in loss contexts. While the presence of descriptions did not eliminate memory biases (i.e., overweighting the best and worst experienced outcomes), their impact on choice was reduced. Future research will explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x7821tz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "ZEPENG", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "SUN", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Leonardo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weiss-Cohen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Nottingham", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elliot", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Ludvig", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Emmanouil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Konstantinidis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50218/galley/38180/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49266, "title": "How different cognitive strategies can influence implicit recalibration in visuomotor adaptation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Visuomotor adaptation involves explicit strategies and implicit recalibration, but their interaction remains unclear. Strategies can take two forms: algorithmic strategies, involving mental simulation of motor solutions, and retrieval strategies, which rely on previously successful solutions. These strategies arise from distinct neural circuits, which are likely to influence cerebellar-dependent implicit recalibration in different ways. To explore this, we created conditions favoring algorithmic (visuomotor mental rotation) or retrieval strategies by varying training target set size, as retrieval is limited by working memory. We controlled for generalization and intertrial effects, isolating implicit recalibration. Preparation times confirmed distinct strategy adoption. While the magnitudes of implicit recalibration were similar, generalization breadth was narrower with retrieval strategies, suggesting stricter stimulus-response associations. Algorithmic strategies produced broader generalization. These findings confirm that algorithmic and retrieval strategies impact implicit recalibration differently, and demand that future efforts to characterize the pattern of implicit generalization must account for the unique contribution of different forms of explicit strategies.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Complex systems; Learning; Motor control; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qj799ct", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yiyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taylor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49266/galley/37227/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49297, "title": "How do children learn new words via reading emotional narratives?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Context valence has been shown to predict word learning in adult experiments. Little is known about whether this extends to children. To address this gap, we conducted a pre-registered word learning experiment to investigate how emotional narrative context shapes children's learning of novel adjectives during naturalistic reading. 120 children aged 7 to 11 years from UK primary schools read 15 novel words (such as \"garive\") embedded in 30 short narratives of either neutral, negative, or positive valence. Three immediate post-tests assessed learning. We found that children were able to learn novel adjectives from reading short narratives, and older children outperformed younger children. Novel adjectives read in more emotional (positive or negative) contexts were recognized more accurately than those read in neutral narratives. The findings extend previous research conducted using noun concepts and with adults, providing further evidence for affective embodiment in supporting the learning of abstract concepts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Embodied Cognition; Language acquisition; Reading" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z74x0m0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yuzhen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matthew HC", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mak", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Warwick", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hepach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kate", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nation", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49297/galley/37258/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50299, "title": "How does children's trust evolve in a repeated trust game?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The ability to detect a partner's trustworthiness and adjust one's own trust decisions accordingly is crucial and adaptive for maintaining cooperative relationships. Trusting a trustworthy partner maximizes mutual benefits; withholding trust from an untrustworthy partner minimizes chances of being exploited. We sought to understand how young children learn through experience and adjust their own trust behaviors when they interact with trustworthy and untrustworthy individuals.\nIn this study, N = 96 6 to 11 year olds played 40 trials of repeated Trust Game with a trustworthy and an untrustworthy partner (20 trials each, order randomized). Results showed that although children across all age groups correctly identified the trustworthiness of their partners post-game, surprisingly, they did not trust the trustworthy partner more than chance level, nor did they show increasing differentiation between the two partners across the trials. These findings suggest a knowledge-behavior gap in children's trust interaction with novel partners.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Decision making; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27252088", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yiyan", "middle_name": "Rose", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Felix", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Warneken", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Michigan", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50299/galley/38261/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49900, "title": "How does multilingualism interact with early number concepts?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study explores the impact of multilingualism on early number concepts in preschool children. We compared the performance of mono- and multilingual preschoolers on four tasks that test early number concepts. The tasks were counting, Give-N, magnitude judgements, and number identification. The sample included 59 Australian children aged 3.5 to 5.5 years, with 25 multilingual children exposed to at least one language in addition to English. Our results indicated that age was a significant predictor across all tasks, and mono- versus multilingual experience alone did not have a substantial effect on these tasks. However, there was a significant age-by-language experience interaction in the counting task, where older multilingual children counted significantly higher than the older monolinguals. These findings lend new insights into the nuanced role that multilingualism plays in the development of number concepts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Concepts and categories" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06p0d9r2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Antonia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goetz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Western Sydney University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hollie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brown", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kristy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "vanMarle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Arizona", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Susan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hespos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Western Sydney Univeristy", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49900/galley/37862/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50363, "title": "How does social learning affect trapped learners?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Learning traps are stable sub-optimal decision rules that discourage necessary exploration for learning optimal decision rules. We investigated how trapped learners respond to observational learning opportunities. We predicted participants would behave according to a selective value-shaping model, thus escaping the learning trap and learning the optimal rule via observational learning. We did find that trapped learners were significantly more likely to escape their trap in the observational learning condition compared to the asocial control, though most still remained trapped. We found that decision rule inference, not trust, was the key limiting factor in successful observational learning. When trapped learners correctly inferred a partner's optimal rule, they almost invariably adopted it. These findings suggest social interventions for learning traps should support understanding of others' decision strategies rather than merely exposing learners to alternative choices, and theoretical models must extend beyond simple value-shaping to account for decision rule inference processes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Learning; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3981b591", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rheza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Budiono", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Catherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hartley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Gureckis", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50363/galley/38325/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49449, "title": "How do Humans and Language Models Reason About Creativity? A Comparative Analysis", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Creativity assessment in science and engineering is increasingly based on both human and AI judgment, but the cognitive processes and biases behind these evaluations remain poorly understood. We conducted two experiments examining how including example solutions with ratings impact creativity evaluation, using a finegrained annotation protocol where raters were tasked with explaining their originality scores and rating for the facets of remoteness (whether the response is ``far'' from everyday ideas), uncommonness (whether the response is rare), and cleverness. In Study 1, we analyzed creativity ratings from 72 experts with formal science or engineering training, comparing those who received example solutions with ratings (example) to those who did not (no example). Computational text analysis revealed that, compared to experts with examples, no-example experts used more comparative language (e.g., ``better/worse'') and emphasized solution uncommonness, suggesting they may have relied more on memory retrieval for comparisons. In Study 2, parallel analyses with state-of-the-art LLMs revealed that models prioritized uncommonness and remoteness of ideas when rating originality, suggesting an evaluative process rooted around the semantic similarity of ideas. In the example condition, while LLM accuracy in predicting the true originality scores improved, the correlations of remoteness, uncommonness, and cleverness with originality also increased substantially --- to upwards of $0.99$ --- suggesting a homogenization in the LLMs evaluation of the individual facets. These findings highlight important implications for how humans and AI reason about creativity and suggest diverging preferences for what different populations prioritize when rating.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Creativity; Natural Language Processing; Comparative Analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07x4n2j6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Laverghetta", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pennsylvania State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tuhin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chakrabarty", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stony Brook University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hope", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jimmy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pronchick", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pennsylvania State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Krupa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bhawsar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pennsylvania State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beaty", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Pennsylvania State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49449/galley/37411/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50115, "title": "How do LLMs Solve Multi-step Reasoning? An Algorithmic Evaluation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What algorithms do LLMs actually learn and use to solve problems? Studies addressing this question are sparse, as research priorities are focused on improving performance through scale. Here we introduce a framework for systematic research into the algorithms that LLMs learn and use (AlgEval). Toward this goal, we conducted a graph navigation study that typically requires multi-step search, and evaluated whether Llama-3.1-8B uses classic search algorithms. We formed top-down hypotheses about candidate algorithms (e.g., breadth first, BFS, or depth first search, DFS), and tested these hypotheses via circuit-level analysis of attention patterns and hidden states or representations. We found that 1) Extracting possible sequences processed by the model's layer-by-layer representations did not support either BFS or DFS. 2) Attention patterns showed a cascading shift toward the correct path as the prompt was processed. 3) Projecting node-token representations across layers to a manifold revealed gradual separation of the goal from its competitor in representation space. Overall, our results don't support the idea that the model relies on forming or using an accurate map of the environment, and instead of a step by step search, it seems to rely on more policy-dependent shifts. Future work can connect these findings to failure modes in multi-step reasoning. A rigorous, algorithmic evaluation of how LLMs solve tasks offers an alternative to resource-intensive scaling, potentially enabling more sample-efficient training, performance, and novel architectures.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Machine learning; Reasoning; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m89175p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eberle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Technische UniversitŠt Berlin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "McGee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Los Angeles", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hamza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giaffar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Taylor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Webb", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ida", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Momennejad", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Microsoft Research", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50115/galley/38077/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49860, "title": "How do we get to know someone? Diagnostic questions for inferring personal traits", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When first meeting somebody, we're faced with the challenge of \"getting to know them.\" Why do some questions seem to enable this better than others? In Experiment 1, participants (N=185) evaluated a large bank of conversational questions. We found that questions varied along a reliable latent dimension of interpersonal depth ranging from \"small talk\" to \"deep\" questions. In Experiment 2 (N=188), participants answered a subset of these questions along with a number of self-report personality scales. Using a language model to estimate how informative participants' free responses were, we find that individualized personality predictions were more accurate when incorporating free responses; furthermore, responses to deeper questions supported more accurate personality inferences than small talk. Taken together, results suggest not only that responses contained the statistical information necessary to make abstract social inferences, but also that people have accurate intuitions about which conversational topics enable learning about and connecting with others.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Natural Language Processing; Representation; Social cognition; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bt8h8s2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brockbank", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tobias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gerstenberg", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Judith", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Fan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hawkins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49860/galley/37822/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49674, "title": "How Empathy Promotes Socially Adaptive Behaviors in Interpersonal Conflicts?: An Exploratory Study on the Role of Intention Inference", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In interpersonal conflicts, empathy fosters socially adaptive behaviors that facilitate reconciliation, such as offering comprehensive and non-defensive apologies. Perceivers adjust their behaviors based on inferences about the intentions of social targets during social interactions. How do these inferences relate to perceivers' empathy and shape their adaptive behaviors in conflicts? This study examined two aspects of intention inference: inference accuracy (how accurately perceivers infer targets' intentions) and target-oriented inference (how much perceivers focus on targets' states). We investigated whether these inferences link the relationship between empathy and adaptive behaviors. Our results showed that empathetic perceivers focused more on targets' states when inferring their intentions, which was associated with offering more comprehensive apologies. Inference accuracy, however, did not influence the relationship between empathy and either the provision of comprehensive apologies or the reduction of defensive responses. Our study underscores the importance of considering others' states in promoting adaptive behaviors during interpersonal conflicts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Emotion; Empathy; Social cognition; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qt9x244", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Inju", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seoul National University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sowon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hahn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seoul National University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49674/galley/37636/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49717, "title": "How Gain- and Loss-Framed Incentives Affect Water Usage Behavior", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study examined the impact of gain- and loss-framed monetary incentives on a peak shift in water usage behavior. Based on the idea that framing incentives as losses (e.g., \"You will lose $13 if you fail to shift your water consumption from peak to off-peak hours\") may enhance the perceived value of the monetary component, triggering a greater peak shift compared to gains (e.g., \"You will receive $13 if you shift your water consumption from peak to off-peak hours\"). This study found that both gain- and loss-framed incentives significantly triggered a peak shift; however, the loss frame proved more effective than the gain frame. Moreover, participants prioritizing multiple environmental values were more likely to adjust their usage. Nonetheless, no interaction was observed between values and framing. These findings shed light on individual environmental values' influence on pro-environmental behavior, offering more profound insights into the cognitive processes that drive these actions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Sociology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Field studies" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ns8r1n1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yutaro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Onuki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Seijo University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yurina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Otaki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hitotsubashi University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49717/galley/37679/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49507, "title": "How Generative Music Affects the ISO Principle-Based Emotion-Focused Therapy: An EEG Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recently, AI-generated content (AIGC) technologies have made remarkable advancements, even achieving superhuman performance across various domains. However, few previous studies have investigated its impact on emotion-focused therapy with artistic content, e.g., music. In this paper, we conducted an EEG experiment to explore the effects of generative music on emotion-focused music therapy based on the ISO principle. This experiment compared AI-generated and human-created music regarding the changes in participants' valence and arousal following negative emotion induction with the ISO principle adherence and non-adherence. The results show that generative music, with its harmonic consistency and simple rhythm, is more effective in supporting positive emotions and improving temporal lobe activity. Besides, the therapeutic effectiveness of generative music adhering to the ISO principle has also been validated. This study highlights the distinct emotional and neural mechanisms of AI-generated music, offering valuable insights into future AI-powered emotion-focused therapy strategies.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Emotion; Mood; Music; Electroencephalography (EEG)" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vm0733p", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiayu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Soochow University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yaxing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lyu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Xiamen University Malaysia", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jingyi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing University of Chemical Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yucheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Duke Kunshan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiangtao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49507/galley/37469/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50116, "title": "How Gesture Impacts Preschoolers' Recall and Inference for Narrative Stories", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Gestures are a ubiquitous part of communication, however, their exact role in communication is not fully understood. Previous work has found that producing or viewing gestures with speech can be beneficial for both the speaker and listener in various learning and comprehension tasks, though it is unclear how gestures are assisting. This study uses a narrative comprehension task to look at the impact of viewing gestures both for recall and inference making for preschoolers, with the expectation that seeing gestures increases their abilities for both tasks. Results show that children who saw gestures remembered significantly more for the gesture connected questions. There were no significant differences in inference scores, however, children's responses provide rich insight into their mental representation. Including gestures during narration can help the listener to form mental representations that converge in form, but only when the gestures are relevant to what the children may be picturing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Language Comprehension" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x485973", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Chelsea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brown", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "CU Boulder", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eliana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Colunga", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado Boulder", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50116/galley/38078/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49219, "title": "How goals affect information seeking", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study investigates how goals influence information sampling strategies in active learning. Previous work in this area compared different sampling heuristics while holding constant participants' goals (e.g., the final incentivized test). In a behavioral experiment, we examine the effect of generation-driven versus discrimination-driven goals on information-seeking sampling strategies by manipulating the (pre-declared) test condition across subjects. Our results suggest that goals affect information sampling, with discrimination-driven tasks leading to more sampling around class borders (\"Label-Margin\" sampling strategy) and generation-driven tasks leading to more sampling around class centers (\"Most-Certain\" sampling strategy). Moreover, we show that strategies evolve over time and are related to the performance of participants. These findings highlight the importance of considering goals in understanding human information-seeking behavior.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Decision making" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g97v4cf", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Gili", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nathaniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Daw", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Niv", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49219/galley/37180/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49219/galley/38725/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49485, "title": "How grammatical gender supports efficient communication", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The apparent redundancy of grammatical gender systems presents a puzzle to which information theory offers a solution: since nouns are the least predictable part of language, dividing nouns into semi-arbitrary classes reduces the uncertainty associated with them. Corpus studies show both how gendered articles make nouns more predictable, and how in languages that lack noun class, prenominal adjectives serve a similar function. This raises the question of whether language users are sensitive to this information and actually employ it in communication. In an elicitation study, we manipulated the contextual information provided by gendered articles to German speakers, and compared their behavior to English speakers (whose articles are always uninformative). When German articles were uninformative, German and English speakers produced prenominal adjectives at the same rates. However, when articles were informative, German prenominal adjective production decreased. These results illustrate how languages use both articles and prenominal adjectives to support communicative efficiency.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Language understanding; Predictive Processing" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/884148cc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "DorothŽe", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Hoppe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Edward", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gibson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jacolien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Rij", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Petra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hendriks", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramscar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49485/galley/37447/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50142, "title": "How Habit Learning Guides Planning: A Normative View and Behavioral Evidence", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Human behavior is determined by both learned habits and prospective planning. Because planning is computationally expensive, humans face two meta-control challenges: They must determine when to plan and, if so, which potential futures to consider. We propose that habit learning itself could solve these meta-control problems by prioritizing which futures to explore and to what extent. We show how this notion emerges from a normative Bayesian model and test one of the resulting predictions empirically. To do so, we developed a behavioral paradigm that operationalizes model-based planning as spatial navigation through a maze. Our findings suggest that humans indeed incorporate learned habitual information during planning in a manner closely aligned with the Bayesian model. This corroborates existing reinforcement learning accounts and contributes a normative and unifying perspective.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Learning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dh7s7b8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Maximilian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MittenbŸhler", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Valentin", "middle_name": "Leonard", "last_name": "Durach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Johanna", "middle_name": "Katharina", "last_name": "Theuer", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "V.", "last_name": "Butz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of TŸbingen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50142/galley/38104/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49170, "title": "How Helpful is Visual Context for Speech Processing? Evidence from Multi-modal Speech Tracking in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Visual cues like facial expressions and gestures enhance speech comprehension. While prior studies have explored L1 multimodal speech processing, research on bilinguals remains limited. Here we examine how visual context influences speech processing in monolinguals and bilinguals by assessing changes in sensitivity to different speech dimensions. EEG was recorded from 24 monolinguals and 24 bilinguals as they viewed multimodal speech clips presented in audiovisual or audio-only formats. Then, a temporal response function was applied to decode neural responses to audio envelope and surprisal to index sensitivity of acoustic and semantic information. Results show that visual context facilitated audio tracking in bilinguals but did not enhance surprisal tracking. Conversely, monolinguals benefited from visual input for surprisal tracking but not envelope tracking. These results suggest that bilinguals may allocate more cognitive resources to audio processing when integrating visual cues, potentially limiting the availability of resources for higher-level semantic processing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp012pd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Haoyin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Seana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Coulson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49170/galley/37131/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49170/galley/38676/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50161, "title": "How Infant-Like, Embodied Visual Experiences Can Support Generalization to In-The-Wild Images: Insights from Domain Adaptation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Infants' object play is closely tied to language learning and 3D object understanding.\nHow does this kind of embodied visual experience support infants' abilities to categorize objects ``in the wild?'' We address this question using domain adaptation, a machine learning framework for studying distribution shifts, i.e., how to transfer knowledge learned from one data distribution to a related but different distribution. We formalize a specific distribution shift problem inspired by infant visual learning---the VI-Shift problem---which mimics the tradeoff between object instances and viewpoints in these two regimes of visual experience. We study the VI-Shift problem through the lens of domain adaptation in deep learning architectures, in particular using novel metrics to demonstrate how the clusterability of learned features contributes to robust generalization. We show that two classic domain adaptation methods do not perform well on the VI-Shift problem, and we demonstrate a novel loss function that improves performance by leveraging some of the distinctive visual characteristics of embodied object play experiences. Our results illustrate one potential learning route through which the distinctive visual properties of embodied object experience can boost robust generalization.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Development; Learning; Machine learning; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kw1c7h9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Deepayan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sanyal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Michelson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Maithilee", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kunda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Vanderbilt University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50161/galley/38123/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49687, "title": "How infants' understanding of goal-directed actions differs from a large language model", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Theory of mind (ToM) is a hallmark feature of human cognition that emerges very early in development. Much work has explored human infants' implicit social reasoning abilities. Recent work has examined whether LLMs reliably make ToM inferences in explicit social reasoning tasks. However, it remains unclear how reliably LLMs generate human-like social reasoning when this capacity is invoked implicitly. We systematically examined GPT-4's ability to implicitly reason about goal-directed actions by adapting well-studied infant paradigms. Our results suggest that, unlike infants who can understand goal-directed actions from a very young age, GPT-4 fails to correctly attribute goal-directed actions to agents. These findings suggest that LLMs may lack key aspects of implicit social reasoning and provide insight into the emergence of these abilities in infants.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Reasoning; Social cognition; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kv199ff", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alyson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bill", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thompson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49687/galley/37649/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50454, "title": "How language shapes learning: Visual statistical learning in deaf and hearing children", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Statistical learning (SL) is a domain-general learning mechanism necessary for multiple areas of cognitive development. The present study investigates whether children can simultaneously track temporal and spatial visual statistics and how individual differences in cognitive abilities and early language experience relate to SL. Fifty-eight hearing children aged 4–6 years (mean = 5.8) completed a novel visual SL paradigm, tracking the spatiotemporal statistics of four cartoon alien triplets. Cognitive control, receptive vocabulary, and auditory SL were also assessed to measure individual differences. Children achieved 56% accuracy on 2AFC test trials, performing above chance and demonstrating learning of complex patterns. For children under 6.5 years (n = 28), visual SL performance was positively associated with receptive vocabulary (r = 0.65) and cognitive control (r = 0.56). Future testing with deaf children in oral-speech or bilingual (ASL/English) programs will explore how language experience shapes SL capacities, offering insights into early cognitive development.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Learning; Pattern recognition; Statistical learning; Developmental analysis; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9477q1vj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jenna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "DiStefano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Foster", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Munakata", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Corina", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Katharine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Graf Estes", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Davis", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50454/galley/38416/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49312, "title": "How linguistic boundaries form encoding contexts in memory: Evidence from temporal order effects", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "While temporal contiguity and order effects have been shown to be highly robust in the word list memory literature, little is known about how the presence of boundaries signaling higher-order linguistic units affects temporal order memory for items within those units. Here, we present the results of two sentence memory experiments that show that linguistic boundaries block contiguity effects through a temporal context mechanism, whereby words encoded across distinct linguistic environments are also encoded as contextually dissimilar. Two consequences of this encoding mechanism are that (i) retrieval of an item results in reactivation of that item's linguistic context alone due to co-activation of contextually similar content and (ii) significant linguistic boundaries reduce encoding interference between proximal, semantically similar items. We take these results to suggest that linguistic groupings map onto encoding contexts, which constrain the effect of item-to-item associations in sentence memory.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Language Production; Memory" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs5d4wz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lalitha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balachandran", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Santa Cruz", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rich", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Concordia University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Matt", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wagers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Santa Cruz", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49312/galley/37273/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49371, "title": "How many factors underlie cognitive mechanics?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How people reason about the mechanics of the physical world is an important question for several different cognitive sciences. Education, cognitive psychology, and developmental psychology have each conducted large numbers of studies over the last several decades, largely in isolation from one another (especially in the last quarter century). The results have suggested that cognitive mechanics may be subserved by a number of mechanisms that are differentially involved in different tasks. Here, we report converging results from factor analysis of a large compendium of mechanics questions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Education; Psychology; Concepts and categories; Problem Solving; Psychophysics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d2909d2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Samantha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gutierrez", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MGH Institute of Health Professions", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Hartshorne", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MGH Institute of Health Professions", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49371/galley/37333/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50460, "title": "How Metacognition and Personality Traits Shape Self-Regulated Learning?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Self-regulated learning (SRL) is essential for directing one's own learning. While its importance is widely recognized, empirical research on how SRL interacts with cognitive, metacognitive, and personality traits remains limited. This study extends our previous work by exploring how these traits influence children's information-seeking behaviors.\n\nWe interviewed 134 children (ages 8-11) about learning a concept independently and assessed metacognitive ability and personality traits using the Big Five Questionnaire – Children Version.\n\nResults revealed that, while Extraversion did not predict the chosen source, other personality traits were significantly linked to SRL components. Children higher in Agreeableness were more likely to choose to learn from human-sources, and Openness to Experience was associated with greater enjoyment of learning (p=0.039).\n\nHigher metacognitive ability was slightly associated with lower achievement expectancies, consistent with literature contrasting metacognition with wishful thinking.\n\nThese results underscore the role of individual variability in shaping SRL, informing tailored interventions to support SRL.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Education; Learning; Comparative Analysis; Statistics" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tp8r0k5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Julieta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldstein", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Torcuato Di Tella", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carolina", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Gattei", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Torcuato Di Tella", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Cecilia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Calero", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universidad Torcuato Di Tella", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50460/galley/38422/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49486, "title": "How Panel Layouts Define Manga: Insights from Visual Ablation Experiments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Manga has gained global popularity, yet how its visual elements, such as characters, text, and panel layouts, reflect the uniqueness of individual works remains underexplored. This study investigates the contribution of panel layouts to manga identity through both quantitative and qualitative analysis. We trained a deep learning model to classify manga titles based solely on facing page images, and performed ablation experiments by removing characters and text, retaining only panel frame structures. Using 10,122 images from 104 works in 12 genres in the Manga109 dataset, we demonstrate that panel layouts alone enable high-accuracy classification. Grad-CAM visualizations further reveal that the models focus on layout features such as size, spacing, and alignment. These findings suggest that panel layouts encode work-specific stylistic patterns and support visual narrative comprehension, highlighting their role as a key component of manga's visual identity.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Art and Cognition; Creativity; Machine learning; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02z7180n", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Siyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Teruya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshinaga", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Sophia University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Katsuhiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hayashi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Koki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Washio", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "freelance researcher", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hidetaka", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kamigaito", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Nara Institute of Science and Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49486/galley/37448/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50173, "title": "How shared interactive experiences reshape the semantic representations of abstract concepts", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do people's understandings of abstract concepts evolve through interacting with others? While prior research has focused on individual cognitive processes, how people reflect on and adapt knowledge in social contexts remains underexplored. This study examines how shared interactive experiences during a word-guessing game influence semantic representations of abstract words. Participants completed a spatial arrangement task (SpAM) before, immediately after, and two weeks after the game. Abstract words used as game targets underwent significant positional changes, indicating semantic reorganization. Semantic alignment between game partners was stronger than between non-partners, as measured by a property listing task (PLT), highlighting the role of shared interaction in driving semantic changes. Additionally, in-game semantic alignment measures predicted post-game performance in SpAM and PLT, suggesting that dyadic interaction quality influenced the magnitude of semantic change. These findings provide empirical evidence for the socially driven and dynamic nature of abstract concept representations in collaborative contexts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Concepts and categories; Interactive behavior; Semantics of language; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kh574kx", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mingjun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wei", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ping", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50173/galley/38135/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50291, "title": "How Small Belief Shifts and Trusted Voices Alter Polarized Minds", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The rise of right-wing populism and increasing political polarization have amplified extremist ideologies, eroding democratic norms and fostering social conflict. Traditional interventions targeting rigid beliefs often backfire, as direct challenges provoke defensiveness and strengthen existing convictions. This study proposes an alternative approach: leveraging parasocial relationships (PSRs) with beloved public figures, such as Donald Trump, to induce cognitive dissonance by presenting contradictory information targeting peripheral beliefs. Drawing on the BENDING model, which conceptualizes belief systems as interconnected networks, the research explores how changes in peripheral beliefs can disrupt ideological rigidity. The study will use experimental methods to measure belief networks and PSRs, exposing participants to Trump statements that contradict peripheral beliefs. Analyses, including ANOVA and network modeling, will assess belief network disruptions and shifts in PSRs. This research aims to deepen understanding of belief dynamics and inform strategies to reduce extremism, mitigate polarization, and strengthen democratic resilience through subtle, non-confrontational interventions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Culture; Group Behaviour; Social cognition; Survey" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/536198fw", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Gracielle Mae Ann", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50291/galley/38253/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50118, "title": "How surprising is \"1% for winning 1000yen\": information-theoretic analysis of the search for the definitive prediction principle", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "What is the value of probability? Keren and Teigen (2001) demonstrated that people prefer extreme probability (\"10%\" or \"90%\") to medium probability (\"50%\") and high probability (\"90%\") to low probability (\"10%\"), and proposed that people's perception of the value of probability phrases follows the principle of searching for definitive predictions. The present study proposes that this principle aligns with information theory and predicts that people's judgments of informativeness will vary according to their prior beliefs. Additionally, this study also proposes that surprisingness judgment also obey the prediction from the information theory. To examine these propositions, this study required participants to estimate the valuableness and surprisingness for probability phrases expressing the winning probabilities of gambles. To manipulate prior beliefs about winning a gamble, the study created four conditions where the winning amounts varied. Results indicated that participants' estimations of the informativeness of the probability phrases changed in accordance with predictions from the information theoretic analysis.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Mathematical modeling; Statistics" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fp55032", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Kuninori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nakamura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Faculty of Social Innovation Seijo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50118/galley/38080/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50043, "title": "How the logic of bargaining shapes moral judgments about resource divisions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "For recent contractualist accounts of moral cognition, moral judgments should coincide with what rational agents would agree to in a negotiation, accounting for their relative bargaining positions. But past research documents widespread egalitarian moral intuitions; impartiality may also require abstracting away from power asymmetries. How can these perspectives be reconciled? We suggest a key difference lies in whether the logic of bargaining drives the interaction, turning existing asymmetries into bargaining power differences. In Study 1, two parties engage in a take-it-or-leave-it negotiation. In Study 2, they can trade with a third party. In both cases, third-party moral judgments about the morally best split of a fixed amount overwhelmingly favor the advantaged party. They can be precisely predicted using classic models from bargaining theory. By contrast, moral intuitions are completely reversed—reflecting redistributive or egalitarian concerns—in a donation setting where the logic of bargaining does not apply.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Social cognition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6426h8cq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Xavier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roberts-Gaal", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Arthur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Le Pargneux", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fiery", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cushman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50043/galley/38005/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49868, "title": "How the Stroop Effect Arises from Optimal Response Times in Laterally Connected Self-Organizing Maps", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The Stroop effect refers to cognitive interference in a color-naming task: When the color and the word do not match, the response is slower and more likely to be incorrect. The Stroop task is used to assess cognitive flexibility, selective attention, and executive function. This paper implements the Stroop task with self-organizing maps (SOMs): Target color and the competing word are inputs for the semantic and lexical maps, associative connections bring color information to the lexical map, and lateral connections combine their effects over time. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 84.2%, with significantly fewer errors and faster responses in congruent compared to no-input and incongruent conditions. The model's effect is a side effect of optimizing speed-accuracy tradeoffs, and can thus be seen as a cost associated with overall efficient performance. The model can further serve studying neurologically-inspired cognitive control and related phenomena.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Computer Science; Other; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sz0k6w7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Divya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prabhakaran", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Texas at Austin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Uli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grasemann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Texas at Austin", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Swathi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kiran", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Boston University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Risto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miikkulainen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Texas", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49868/galley/37830/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50066, "title": "How the Systematicity of Relational Language Affects the Learning of a Compositional System via Changing Attention", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It is well established that relational language with different structures (e.g., \"top, middle, bottom\" used together are more systematic than \"on, in, under\") can lead to differences in learners' relational representations. However, the underlying mechanism or processes are less specified. We advance the \"language systematizes attention hypothesis\" through two eye-tracking experiments in which undergraduate students learn to map novel spoken artificial language (object names + relational terms) to novel visual configurations (shapes + relative locations). Participants either heard more systematic relational terms (consistently referring to relative spatial locations) or less systematic relational terms (probabilistically referring to relative spatial locations). Results confirmed that more systematic relational language elicits more selective and sustained attention patterns in learners, compared to less systematic language. However, the benefit in behavioral accuracy depends on the task difficulty. Findings have implications for how to structure language to guide attention and enhance learning outcomes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive development; Language acquisition; Learning; Sensory Processing; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v39m6q9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lucile", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vleugels", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado, Boulder", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yuan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Colorado, Boulder", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50066/galley/38028/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50254, "title": "How Well Do Adults and Children Remember Agents and Actions in Dynamic Events?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Understanding how adults and children remember dynamic events is important for cognition. In S1, adults(N= 177) heard no words, verbs, or nouns while Tobiix30 eyetracker recorded looking to 34 familiar events. Test included 40 events: Old, New Action(old agent,new action), New Agent(new agent,old action), and Conjunction(new combination). Tracking shows more attention to hands (50%) than head (25%); looking affected memory. Results show better memory for actions than agents (e.g.,Trial type:F(3,522)=660.28,p< .001). In an adapted procedure, 19 3-year-olds and 19 4-year-olds were shown 2 events while hearing verbs; tested on memory with the same types of trials. Again, actions were remembered better than agents (e.g.,Trial type(F(4, 72)=25.66,p< 0.001). Conclusions can be drawn regarding the development of event memory with implications for multiple areas (eyewitness testimony,verb learning).", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Event cognition; Language and thought; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86g8w9f8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jane", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Childers", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alan", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Kersten", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Florida Atlantic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Allen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hagen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Florida Atlantic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lindsey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pugh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Florida Atlantic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sneh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lalani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ayeleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Merchant", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Trinity University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50254/galley/38216/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49395, "title": "How well do models of cross-situational word learning account for the learning of ambiguous words?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Existing theories of word learning largely focus on a learner's ability to learn a single meaning for a word despite the fact that many words have multiple meanings. Several computational models of cross-situational word learning have been proposed to explain how words are learned, but it is unknown to what extent they can learn ambiguous words with multiple meanings. Here, we present an experiment showing that adult learners are able to learn multiple meanings of novel ambiguous words in a cross-situational word learning paradigm, and are especially good at doing so when the meanings of the words are related (polysemous) rather than unrelated (homophonous). We evaluated the ability of ten different computational models of cross-situational word learning to explain the empirical data, and none were able to learn the ambiguous words as successfully as the adult learners. Moreover, because these computational models do not represent any semantic information, they are in principle unable to replicate the key difference between polysemous and homophonous word learning found in the study.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Development; Language acquisition; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j19t2mp", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Regan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Isabelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dautriche", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Aix-Marseille University, CNRS", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Mahesh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Srinivasan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49395/galley/37357/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49662, "title": "How Well Do People Perform on Novel Logic Puzzles Requiring Higher-Order Theory of Mind?", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to reason about the behaviour of others and oneself by attributing internal mental states, such as knowledge, desires and intentions. ToM can be applied recursively - for example, \"Amy thinks that Bernard knows that it is raining\" is said to be a second-order ToM statement from the reader's perspective. Past research suggests that there is a limit to the number of times humans can apply ToM recursively - for example, they tend to use up to second-order ToM reasoning in strategic games. In the present study, we propose and conduct a novel human experimental design, in which different orders of ToM reasoning in the logic puzzle \"Cheryl's Birthday\" can be distinguished. Results show that higher-order ToM reasoning is associated with longer times to solve the puzzle(s) and a higher rate of mistakes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Reasoning; Theory of Mind; Computer-based experiment; Knowledge representation; Logic" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s63j43q", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Andreea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minculescu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "TU Delft", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jakob Dirk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Top", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Rineke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Verbrugge", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Harmen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Weerd", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49662/galley/37624/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49872, "title": "Human Action Classification from Naturalistic Videos", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "It has long been known that human observers can identify actions based on how people move, even from very impoverished motion depictions such as Point Light Displays (PLDs). This study investigates how humans classify actions, and what types of motion information they use to do so. Using a newly available technique (OpenPose) for extracting human joint locations from natural video, we created three types of reduced displays: PLDs, stick figures, and motion flow videos. Participants identified actions in these videos through verbal responses, and these responses were analyzed for semantic similarity using a Natural Language Processing model. A Hierarchical Bayesian Model further compared semantic similarities across video conditions. Results showed the highest intersubjective agreement (a proxy for proportion correct) for stick figures, followed by PLDs, and the lowest for motion flow videos. These results suggest that dynamic pose representations are crucial for accurate action classification, with motion flow supporting only coarse classification. The same pattern held across different action categories, such as instrumental versus locomotion and upper versus lower limb actions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Action; Perception; Representation; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cc4k0w0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Uriel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez-Bravo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jacob", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feldman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49872/galley/37834/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50478, "title": "Human Adaptation of Learning Strategies Resembles Policy Gradients", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "A hallmark of human intelligence is not only the capacity to learn from the environment, but also the ability to adapt the learning process itself in response to changing demands. This meta-learning ability, known as \"learning to learn,\" has been extensively studied in cognitive science and artificial intelligence for decades. While task-optimized recurrent neural networks have offered qualitative accounts of biological learning-to-learn, they fall short in capturing the individual and temporal variability inherent in human decision making. To investigate how humans adjust their learning strategies over time, we introduce a neural network model that estimates dynamic changes in subjects' reinforcement learning (RL) parameters. Across four bandit tasks, we find that RL parameters change over time, indicating that humans continuously adapt their decision-making strategies at both the trial and block levels. These parameter updates are associated with greater rewards and align with policy gradients near current RL parameters, suggesting that humans refine their learning strategies based on task feedback. Taken together, our work provides a novel framework for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of biological meta-learning, with broad applicability across tasks, populations, and cognitive models.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xb6q07s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hua-Dong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "JIAN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LI", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcelo", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Mattar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Tech", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50478/galley/38440/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50396, "title": "Human and LLM performance on linguistic test: Content effect and task demands", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Large Language Models (LLMs) display an impressive set of capabilities in linguistic understanding. While advanced models outperform humans on certain tasks, LLM reasoning and linguistic competency differs from that of humans (Felin & Holweg, 2024; Mahowald et al., 2024; Niu et al., 2024). In this study, we evaluate humans and GPT-4o on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a pronoun resolution task. We focus on Japanese, a relatively understudied language in the emergent field of human-LLM evaluation. To assess human vs. LLM performance, we manipulate task demands and content. We report three findings: (i) Humans outperform LLMs in the baseline condition, i.e. the standard pronoun resolution task. (ii) As task demands increase, both human and LLM performance on the task declines (cf. Hu & Frank, 2024). (iii) We find evidence for content effects (cf. Lampinen et al., 2024): LLMs surpass humans as the content of the task is manipulated to favor LLMs.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Behavioral Science; Language understanding; Comparative Studies" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13c146qr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "May", "middle_name": "Lynn", "last_name": "Reese", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "San Francisco State University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anastasia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smirnova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "San Francisco State University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50396/galley/38358/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50263, "title": "Human and Nonhuman Learning of Hierarchical Structures in a Lindenmayer Grammar", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "One proposed explanation for humans' unique cognitive capacity is our ability to extract hierarchical, recursive structures from ambiguous input. However, little work has successfully tested when humans represent hierarchical structures, and whether nonhuman animals do so. Using a serial reaction time task, we test if human adults, children, and rhesus macaques predict upcoming items in a Lindenmayer grammar containing self-similar recursive constituents. Recursively merging constituents makes the sequence more predictable. Constituents of different levels vary in predictive power, allowing measurement of depth of embedding in these representations. We test the human and nonhuman capacity to represent recursive structures, measured by reaction times, and its developmental and evolutionary origins. Preliminary results indicate human subjects recursively merge chunks to build multiple levels of embedded structures spontaneously. With similar training, macaques use simpler, linear strategies to predict items. Follow-up experiments will test whether macaques can learn to extract hierarchical structures for better prediction.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Animal cognition; Cognitive development; Pattern recognition; Statistical learning; Syntax" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hp7t5xs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Elijah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tramm", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferrigno", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50263/galley/38225/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49840, "title": "Human Learning of Non-Markov Structures", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "From comprehending language to learning new dance moves, extracting complex relationships between sequences of input is a key feature of human cognition. Prior studies have predominantly explored the cognitive mechanisms of structure learning using Markov sequences, where each element depends only on the previous one. Real-world experience, however, is rife with complex dependencies beyond Markov processes. Here, we study the effects of non-Markov dependencies on sequence learning by leveraging graph learning approaches. We introduce a motor sequence task in which transitional probabilities between pairs of stimuli are identical from a Markov perspective, but differ on higher-order non-Markov dependencies. We find that participants are better able to anticipate stimuli with higher non-Markov probabilities, providing corroboratory evidence that humans are sensitive to statistical structure beyond Markov dependencies. Further, behavior differed from other participants trained only on Markov sequences. Overall, this work demonstrates that humans can rapidly learn and represent statistical dependencies beyond the Markov regime.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Learning; Motor control; Statistical learning; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2376c37z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Juliana", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Trach", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carcamo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale Unviersity", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "McDougle", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale Univeristy", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "W", "last_name": "Lynn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Yale University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49840/galley/37802/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49336, "title": "Human newborns spontaneously attend to prosocial interactions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Homo sapiens maintain complex cooperative interactions with unrelated individuals by exploiting various cognitive mechanisms, for instance empathic reactions, the ability to tell cooperative agents from non-cooperative ones, a preference for prosocial individuals, and a desire for the punishment of antisocial individuals. The key role played by these features across moral systems suggests that core processes underpinning people's moral sense are evolved adaptations. Initial evidence consistent with this nativist view came from studies showing preferences for prosocial individuals in preverbal infants. Here we show that 5-day-old neonates can distinguish prosocial from antisocial interactions, looking longer at affiliative/helping behaviors than at avoidant/hindering behaviors. These visual preferences are specific to socially interactive stimuli, helping to rule out low-level perceptual explanations for the results. By revealing a preference for prosocial actions in newborns, these findings provide significant support for theories that posit evolutionary bases for at least some components of the human moral sense.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Evolution; Social cognition; Theory of Mind" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q31c7bh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alessandra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Geraci", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Catania", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Luca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Surian", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Trento", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kiley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamlin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of British Columbia", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49336/galley/37297/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49863, "title": "Humans and convolutional neural networks prioritize similar visual features in intuitive physics judgments", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Humans reliably infer complex physical relationships between objects in everyday scenes, yet the mechanisms underlying these judgments remain unclear. We explored whether convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can approximate intuitive physical reasoning by capturing statistical regularities in visual experience. We trained a CNN (Inception-v4) to predict tower stability and tested how well its outputs aligned with human judgments (N = 500). CNN predictions more closely matched human judgments (r = 0.718, p < 0.001, accuracy = 81%) than ground-truth predictions from physics simulations (r = 0.406, p = 0.002, accuracy = 68%), suggesting that both CNNs and humans rely on visual heuristics. Eye-tracking data revealed that CNN importance maps overlapped significantly with human gaze patterns, indicating shared attention to features statistically predictive of physical outcomes in intuitive physical judgments. Our findings show that CNNs trained on visual data capture perceptual cues used in human intuitive physics, highlighting their value as models of heuristic reasoning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Statistical learning; Vision; Eye tracking; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78c4g1kn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Calabro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kannon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bhattacharyya", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Wilma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bainbridge", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuan Chang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49863/galley/37825/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49230, "title": "Humans integrate heuristics and Bayesian inference to efficiently explore under uncertainty", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Exploring the environment efficiently and exploiting learned information effectively are crucial to intelligent agent behavior. Prior work has shown that humans can manage the exploration-exploitation trade-off not only action-by-action, but also at the strategy or rule level, using a heuristic on rule certainty (Collins & Koechlin, 2012). We evaluated this theory on a partially observable rule-switching task and collected human behavioral data (n=112) on two task variants with different levels of rule complexity to test whether taxing cognitive resources impacts exploration heuristics. Our results replicated previous findings, showing that the model is robust to dynamically switching task structure and increased executive demands due to rule complexity. Additionally, we identified a novel meta-heuristic of using high-level rule structure to inform decision-making and computationally characterized its integration with Bayesian inference to support efficient exploration. Through modeling analyses, we show that increased demand on executive function might interfere with this meta-cognitive process.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Decision making; Learning; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Mathematical modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k32x4v7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jing-Jing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Connor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Anne", "middle_name": "GE", "last_name": "Collins", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49230/galley/37191/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49230/galley/38736/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49656, "title": "Humans learn proactively in ways that language models don't", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Do large language models (LLMs) learn like people do? We investigate this question with a simple task that compares human learning and LLM finetuning on the same set of novel inputs. We find that while humans learn and generalize robustly, finetuned LLMs largely fail to generalize from what they learned and are more influenced by prior expectations than humans are. We then analyze human solutions of our task and find that stronger performance is characterized by the proactive formation of efficient representations that aid learning and generalization. Although LLMs can use in-context learning to match the performance of humans who do not form these representations, and can use similar representations provided in-context to match the performance of those who, they do not form these representations on their own. Given these findings, we then consider how future theories of human learning might be built in the age of LLMs", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Learning; Reasoning; Representation; Neural Networks" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47c985zr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "Jerome", "last_name": "Han", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McClelland", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49656/galley/37618/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49439, "title": "Humans Learn to Weight Evidence Unevenly Over Time", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In perceptual decision-making tasks, humans integrate noisy sensory evidence over time to guide their choices. The optimal integration process assumes that all evidence is weighted equally within a trial and that different trials are independent. However, humans exhibit systematic deviations from optimality, including uneven weighting of evidence within trials and influences from previous trials. Prior studies have demonstrated that biological constraints can account for this suboptimality. In this study, we present evidence that humans adapt their evidence integration strategies over time in response to task demands, and that the suboptimal uneven weighting is gradually learned over the course of the task. By explicitly modeling this adaptation through online gradient-based learning, our model outperforms existing approaches in capturing human behavior and unifies both observed forms of suboptimality in the Click task: dependence across trials emerges from an error-driven learning process that also gives rise to uneven integration weights within trials. We further propose a bounded-rational adaptation account to explain why humans progressively learn to weight evidence unevenly within a trial.\n\nOur modeling framework provides a general approach of resource-rational adaptation. It captures how initially uninformed agents can gradually update their strategies through error-driven learning and is applicable to a broad range of learning and decision-making scenarios.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Perception; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gr3p5j1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Hua-Dong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "JIAN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LI", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Marcelo", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Mattar", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilson", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Georgia Tech", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49439/galley/37401/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50164, "title": "Hypocrisy, Emotion, and Belief Alignment: Betrayal May Drive Moral Judgement", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The present research is an exploratory study to investigate how hypocrisy impacts emotions and how pre-existing moral beliefs influence emotional and moral reactions to hypocrisy, factors that have received little attention in previous research. We gave participants scenarios in which targets were either hypocritical (actions and beliefs did not match) or non-hypocritical (actions and beliefs match). Results showed that hypocrisy elicited anger and disgust but had no significant effect on general affect. Hypocritical actions were perceived as less morally acceptable, but the effect was relatively weak. Analysis of the alignment of the participant's beliefs with the scenario character's beliefs suggest that such alignment may attenuate the overall impact of hypocrisy. Judgments of hypocrisy may be driven more by feelings of moral betrayal than by hypocrisy itself, but follow-up studies are required to establish this conclusion.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Emotion; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c67r9g5", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Zuming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Sydney", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Bruce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burns", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Sydney", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50164/galley/38126/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50352, "title": "Iconic Meanings Are Learned Earlier: Homophones Provide Insight on Iconicity's Role in the Acquisition of Words", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Iconic words are those whose sounds share properties in common with their referents, such as \"clatter\" or \"hiccup.\" Research shows that children learn iconic words earlier than arbitrary words and that iconicity may help children form these connections. However, another factor to consider is that iconic words have forms that are easier to produce. To gain further insight into the link between iconicity and acquisition we studied homophones. This allowed us to hold the form of each word constant and examine whether iconic meanings are acquired earlier. Participants provided iconicity ratings on 1668 total meanings for 390 word forms. We ran a mixed effects linear regression and found an effect of iconicity on test-based age-of-acquisition, controlling for word form, length, frequency, phonological neighbourhood, and meaning-specific familiarity. These findings suggest that children learn iconic meanings earlier than arbitrary ones and support iconicity as an important factor in word-learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Language acquisition; Semantics of language" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nm7h1gr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Aguanno", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carleton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Sidhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Carleton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50352/galley/38314/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49251, "title": "Identifying \"when\" and \"whether\" causation: How people distinguish generation, hastening, prevention, and delay", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Causal relationships in the real world can have diverse mechanisms with differing statistical signatures. We investigate whether people can distinguish between causes that merely change the timing of events (\"when\" causes) and those that bring about or prevent those events (\"whether\" causes). We designed experiments where the rate of an event varies over time due to one such causal influence. Events were shown in real time in Experiment 1 and as a timeline visualization in Experiment 2. Our results suggest that people are capable of identifying \"when\" and \"whether\" causes but with a distinctive pattern of confusability: People confuse Generation with Hastening; and Prevention with Delaying. We develop a Causal Abstraction from Summarizing Events (CASE) model, which explains people's judgments as mediated by their rate-change-event detection. We discuss how this line of research can be extended to study human cognition about dynamic causal influences and its relevance to real-life judgment and decision-making.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Cognition of Time; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kj385bv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tianwei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yining", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Henrik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singmann", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCL", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Neil", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Bramley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49251/galley/37212/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49251/galley/38757/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49699, "title": "Identity-Preserving Face Privacy Enhancement via Diffusion Models with Cognitive-Aware Obfuscation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Face recognition technology raises privacy concerns as face images contain identity and soft biometric attributes. Existing methods struggle to balance privacy, image quality, and identity retention, often neglecting human perception. We propose a diffusion-based identity-preserving face privacy method that enhances privacy at the cognitive level while maintaining identity recognition. Unlike GAN-based approaches, our model generates higher-quality, more diverse, and fine-detail privacy-enhanced faces. It selectively obfuscates identity-critical regions and enables flexible attribute modifications via natural language prompts, eliminating reliance on predefined classifiers. Additionally, our method significantly reduces inference time from minutes to seconds, improving practical feasibility. Experiments show superior performance over state-of-the-art methods in both algorithmic and human cognition-based evaluations, effectively confusing human observers while ensuring reliable machine-based identity recognition.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Face Processing; Machine learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7219n52x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Haoxuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhaokun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "School of Computer Science", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yuesheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49699/galley/37661/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49520, "title": "Idiosyncratic but not opaque: Linguistic conventions formed in reference games are interpretable by naïve humans and vision–language models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "When are in-group linguistic conventions opaque to non-group members (teen slang like \"rizz\") or generally interpretable (regionalisms like \"roundabout\")? The formation of linguistic conventions is often studied in iterated reference games, where over repeated reference to the same targets, a describer--matcher pair establishes partner-specific shorthand names for targets. To what extent does the partner-specificity of these linguistic conventions cause them to be opaque to outsiders? We use computational models and experiments with naïve matchers to assess the opacity of descriptions from iterated reference games. Both human matchers and the computational model perform well above chance, suggesting that conventions are not fully arbitrary or opaque, but reflect aspects of shared semantic associations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Pragmatics; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16c4n85d", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Veronica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boyce", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ben", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prystawski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alvin", "middle_name": "Wei Ming", "last_name": "Tan", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Frank", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49520/galley/37482/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49134, "title": "I Know I Should: Normative Competence From Biology To AI", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do people understand what is normatively expected from them? And how does normative cognition motivate action? A distinct feature of human sociality is our capacity to sense the appropriate thing to say in a certain context or the action that should be done and to care enough to do it. Such competence with social norms stabilizes joint action between dyads and enables cooperation among thousands, but whether it is the product of domain-general learning mechanisms or dedicated cognitive ones is still unclear (Heyes, 2024). Moreover, as the many blunders made by contemporary AI systems like LLMs show, autonomous AI agents too need to acquire some level of normative competence to be reliable partners. However whether this is possible with current architectures is still debated (Browning, 2024). The aim of this symposium is to bring together researchers to discuss the biological, cognitive, computational and interactive bases of normative motivation and judgment.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Symposia", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00g2w7xd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leibo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Google DeepMind", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sydney", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Levine", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Allen Institute for AI", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Michael", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Milan", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Theriault", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northeastern University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Luca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tummolini", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Research Council of Italy", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49134/galley/37095/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49134/galley/38640/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50278, "title": "Impact of impulsivity on brain structures associated with academic achievement", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The influence of impulsivity on the relationship between academic achievement (Grade Point Average, GPA) and brain structure remains underexplored. To address this question, a total of 153 college students' GPA, impulsivity, and T1-weighted anatomical images were measured. we investigated which brain areas are related to the GPA of college studies, whether the identified regions are also associated with their impulsivity, and whether impulsivity plays a mediating role in the relationship between the identified regions and GPA. The analyses revealed the gray matter volume (GMV) of right caudate was negatively associated with an individual's level of GPA and was positively correlated with impulsivity. The impulsivity showed a negative mediation effect on the relationship between the GMV of right CN and impulsivity. Our results indicate the caudate nucleus plays crucial roles in a student's performance and associated impulsivity. Various interventions targeting impulsivity could improve educational outcomes by addressing the underlying neurobiological factors.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Art and Cognition; Cognitive development; Computational neuroscience" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hg196b8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Wi Hoon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jung", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Gachon University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Youngwoo Bryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University School of Medicine", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50278/galley/38240/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49695, "title": "Impact of Mask Use on Face Recognition in Children: An Eye-Tracking Study", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We examined the impact of mask use on face recognition in children across early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. While children across the developmental stages were similarly affected in recognition accuracy and eye movement pattern, they differed in the impact on response time and eye movement consistency during two challenging scenarios where the mask conditions during face learning and recognition did not match. As compared with learning and recognizing unmasked faces, when recognizing masked faces learned without a mask on, similar to adults, children in early adolescence had slower responses, whereas younger children did not. When recognizing unmasked faces learned with a mask on, younger children had decreased eye movement consistency, whereas children in early adolescence did not, similar to adults. These findings suggest that children in early and middle childhood have different vulnerability to mask use in society from adolescents and adults, with important implications for age-specific interventions.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Face Processing; Perception; Eye tracking" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ft764gd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alice", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Janet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hsiao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hong Kong University of Science & Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49695/galley/37657/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49845, "title": "Impact of sequential reports with different source dependencies", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How we update our beliefs when encountering new evidence is the basis of evidential reasoning. Often, this will involve weighing up multiple pieces of evidence communicated to us by several sources (i.e., testimony). However, the testimonies of multiple sources are rarely truly independent; they may have used the same data or evidence, have the same training or background, or simply be repeating the same story as another. The nature of these dependencies among our evidence items is normatively impactful on the conclusions we should draw. Here we investigate whether participants are sensitive to such complex, yet impactful influences on their reasoning. We find a general preference for source diversity that heuristically gels with normative assertions. To our knowledge, it is the first paradigm that integrates shared background, shared evidence, and corroboration in the same design. We discuss challenges with developing and testing the intricacies of this.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fv4w1sq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jens", "middle_name": "Koed", "last_name": "Madsen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "London School of Economics", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Saoirse", "middle_name": "Ami", "last_name": "Connor Desai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of New South Wales", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Toby", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Pilditch", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University College London", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49845/galley/37807/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50303, "title": "Impact of Social Feedback Stimulus on Information-Integration Category and Rule-based Category Learning", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Social stimulus often triggers a stress response, influencing learning performance depending on the task's nature. Previous research shows that social pressure before learning impairs performance in rule-based (RB) learning tasks, relying on hypothesis-testing mechanisms. Conversely, it may enhance performance in information-integration (II) learning tasks, which depend on procedural memory systems.\nThis study examined the effects of social feedback stimuli (e.g., smiling or angry faces), compared to non-social feedback stimuli (e.g., green circles or red crosses) on performance in RB and II tasks. Participants were assigned to either an RB or II task and received either social or non-social feedback during the task.\nResults showed that social feedback significantly improved performance in the II task compared to non-social feedback, but did not enhance RB task performance. These results shed light on the distinct cognitive mechanism underlying categorical learning and emphasize the importance of feedback design in educational and training environments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Face Processing; Instruction and teaching; Learning; Memory" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ch177n6", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yumiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fujii", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tokyo Women's Medical University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50303/galley/38265/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49472, "title": "Implicit and Explicit Knowledge after Limited Exposure to Artificial Grammars of Various Complexity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Research on implicit learning using the artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigm has traditionally relied on tasks that promote active engagement, such as memorization, repetition, or rule discovery during the exposure phase. This study examined whether limited exposure, devoid of active engagement tasks, enables participants to distinguish between grammatical and ungrammatical sequences in both simple and complex artificial grammars. Participants performed above chance on the grammaticality task across both conditions but appeared to rely on explicit strategies to a greater degree than reported in previous AGL studies. These findings highlight the critical role of exposure conditions and suggest that exposure to letter strings without active engagement may not sufficiently restrict learning to implicit processes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Language acquisition; Learning; Pattern recognition; Statistical learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sw589hs", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Irina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lavrova", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas Tech University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Miranda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scolari", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Texas Tech University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49472/galley/37434/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49410, "title": "Improving Brain-to-Image Reconstruction via Fine-Grained Text Bridging", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Brain-to-Image reconstruction aims to recover visual stimuli perceived by humans from brain activity. However, the reconstructed visual stimuli often missing details and semantic inconsistencies, which may be attributed to insufficient semantic information. To address this issue, we propose an approach named Fine-grained Brain-to-Image reconstruction (FgB2I), which employs fine-grained text as bridge to improve image reconstruction. FgB2I comprises three key stages: detail enhancement, decoding fine-grained text descriptions, and text-bridged brain-to-image reconstruction. In the detail-enhancement stage, we leverage large vision–language models to generate fine-grained captions for visual stimuli and experimentally validate its importance. We propose three reward metrics (object accuracy, text-image semantic similarity, and image-image semantic similarity) to guide the language model in decoding fine-grained text descriptions from fMRI signals. The fine-grained text descriptions can be integrated into existing reconstruction methods to achieve fine-grained Brain-to-Image reconstruction.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Natural Language Processing; Semantics of language; fMRI" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hd6k1gb", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Runze", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shuo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "renzhi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Congchi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xuyun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Piji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "College of Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49410/galley/37372/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49433, "title": "Improving Category Learning through Graded Classification", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Real-world categories often exhibit graded structure, yet learners struggle to acquire family resemblance categories compared to unidimensional ones in laboratory studies. We propose that part of this difficulty arises from the binary nature of Traditional Artificial Classification Learning. We introduce Graded Classification Learning, a paradigm integrating category and quality judgments into response and feedback phases of a learning trial. This allows higher fidelity feature space exploration, aligning more with naturalistic learning processes. The ‘graded' learners showed superior performance, with higher final accuracy and steeper learning curves than the ‘traditional' learners. While aggregate response patterns appeared similar across conditions, profile analysis revealed an apparent gradedness in the traditional condition that was masked by an overwhelming preference for (bisecting) unidimensional strategies, whereas graded participants mostly exhibited genuine graded responses. These findings suggest traditional binary tasks may inadvertently hinder learning of graded structure and that incorporating quality judgments fosters robust category representations.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Concepts and categories; Learning; Representation; Computer-based experiment; Knowledge representation" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zf568z2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Mercury", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Mason", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Binghamton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kenneth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kurtz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Binghamton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49433/galley/37395/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49659, "title": "Improving Cognitive Capability of Large Language Model: A Multi-Step Symbolic Reasoning Approach", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "The emergence of large language model (LLM) has promoted the research progress in many fields, but it still faces challenges in imitating human logical reasoning, especially in the step-by-step reasoning of complex tasks and zero-shot logical cognition. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-step symbolic reasoning strategy that decomposes complex tasks into subtasks and optimizes the decomposition using a subtask verification module. Moreover, we also introduce a new zero-shot symbolic module which can help improve the model's reasoning ability on unseen samples with symbolic representation and logical schemes. We evaluated our method on four reasoning datasets: the industrial private dataset Ship Assembly Technology and the public datasets ProntoQA, ProofWriter, and OpenBookQA. Our framework demonstrates substantial improvements in reasoning interpretability and generalization capacity compared to existing prompting paradigms. The proposed method establishes a new pathway for enhancing LLMs' cognitive architectures through symbolic system integration, showing strong potential for efficient knowledge transfer to downstream applications while preserving human-understandable reasoning traces.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science; Language Comprehension; Language understanding; Logic" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4508c0pz", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jinkun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhai", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhuowei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong University of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lianglun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Guangdong University of Technology", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49659/galley/37621/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49359, "title": "Improving Human Answers Quality by Machine Questions Number and Context Factors", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Mobile phones provide an opportunity for a symbiotic interaction between humans and machines, which allows phones to collect human-centric data at anytime and anywhere. However, low-quality answers, which refer to the wrong answers, may be provided by users when they are asked excessive questions or in unsuitable contexts (e.g., driving). To solve this problem, we aim to design a methodology to collect more correct answers. We propose to use answer reaction time to annotate answer quality, to find a suitable number of daily questions, and the context factors that need to be considered according to their history records. We validated our methodology via the public dataset, which was collected by an extensive four-week in-the-wild study at the University of Trento, Italy. The results reveal that the context information and the number of daily questions are factors that can impact user answer behavior. These factors, therefore, influence the answer quality.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Sociology; Human Factors; Human-computer interaction; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84m6t36s", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Haonan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "the University of Trento", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiaoyue", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Trento", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49359/galley/37320/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49912, "title": "Improving Interpersonal Communication by Simulating Audiences with Large Language Models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "How do we communicate with others to achieve our goals? We use our prior experience or advice from others, or construct a candidate utterance by predicting how it will be received. However, our experiences are limited and biased, and reasoning about potential outcomes can be difficult and cognitively challenging. In this paper, we explore how we can leverage Large Language Model (LLM) simulations to help us communicate better. Based on ideas from cognitive science such as the Rational Speech Act model, we propose the Explore-Generate-Simulate (EGS) framework, which takes as input any scenario where an individual is communicating to an audience with a goal they want to achieve. EGS (1) explores the solution space by producing a diverse set of advice relevant to the scenario, (2) generates communication candidates conditioned on subsets of the advice, and (3) simulates the reactions from various audiences to determine both the best candidate and advice to use. We evaluate this framework on eight scenarios spanning a range of interpersonal communication settings. For each scenario, we collect a dataset of human evaluations across candidates and baselines, and show that our framework's chosen candidate is significantly preferred over popular generation mechanisms for LLMs. Finally, we demonstrate the generality of our framework by applying it to real-world scenarios described by users on web forums.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Natural Language Processing" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87p4v2h1", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Howard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Raja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marjieh", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffiths", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ranjay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krishna", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Washington", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49912/galley/37874/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49972, "title": "Improving Unsupervised Task-driven Models of Ventral Visual Stream via Relative Position Predictivity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Based on the concept that ventral visual stream (VVS) mainly functions for object recognition, current unsupervised task-driven methods model VVS by contrastive learning, and have achieved good brain similarity. However, we believe functions of VVS extend beyond just object recognition. In this paper, we introduce an additional function involving VVS, named relative position (RP) prediction. We first theoretically explain contrastive learning may be unable to yield the model capability of RP prediction. Motivated by this, we subsequently integrate RP learning with contrastive learning, and propose a new unsupervised task-driven method to model VVS, which is more inline with biological reality. We conduct extensive experiments, demonstrating that: (i) our method significantly improves downstream performance of object recognition while enhancing RP predictivity; (ii) RP predictivity generally improves the model brain similarity. Our results provide strong evidence for the involvement of VVS in location perception (especially RP prediction) from a computational perspective.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Neuroscience; Vision; Computational Modeling; Single-cell recording" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81f6d0ds", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Dazhong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Hao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rutgers University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jiyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wei", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "zhejiang university", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Di", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yaoyao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Qinming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "He", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yueming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Zhejiang University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49972/galley/37934/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49645, "title": "Improvisation in Motion: Exploring How Expertise Affects Perception of Joint Actions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Joint improvisation is central to how we navigate the social world, engage and maintain social interactions, and perceive interactions between other people. This project investigates people's ability to distinguish between joint and individual actions (contemporary joint vs. solo dance improvisation) and the information they use to make this determination. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to identify whether two people were improvising dance movements together or alone. Experiment 2 explored how much people's decision-making relies on information about the dancers' facial expressions and gaze direction. Overall, results showed we can accurately identify improvised joint actions, even when the actors' faces and gaze direction are occluded.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Action; Art and Cognition; Dance; Decision making; Perception; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rn9j5hh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Trinidad", "middle_name": "BelŽn", "last_name": "Speranza", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Scientific and Technical Research Council", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ver—nica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramenzoni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "National Scientific and Technological Council of Argentina", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49645/galley/37607/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50077, "title": "IMPROVISER: Multi-persona Co-creation System Enhances Story Creativity", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Storytelling, a cornerstone of human culture, thrives on creativity—a domain where modern AI systems often falter. While these systems excel at maintaining narrative coherence, they frequently produce technically sound yet predictable narratives. To address this gap, we introduce IMPROVISER, a collaborative system grounded in psychological theories of creativity, specifically the Blind Variation and Selective Retention (BVSR) framework. IMPROVISER leverages multiple AI personas, each embodying distinct narrative styles, to generate diverse story variations. Users iteratively refine these ideas through selective retention, balancing novelty, coherence, and personalization. In controlled experiments, IMPROVISER outperformed single-persona and chatbot-based systems on creativity and diversity, producing longer, more spatially rich stories without compromising readability. These results empirically validate BVSR's role in computational creativity and establish a framework for human-AI co-creation, demonstrating how AI can amplify—rather than replace—human creative potential.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Creativity; Human-computer interaction" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53k9p65z", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yuxi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking Unversity", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yongqian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Peng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fengyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Chi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zixia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jia", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zilong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yixin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Peking University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50077/galley/38039/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49236, "title": "Incentive Effects Capture Variability in Task-General Control Allocation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "To understand how people vary in their cognitive control engagement, researchers use different laboratory tasks and compare performance on trials that are more versus less control-demanding (e.g., congruency effects). However, previous research has struggled to uncover consistent patterns of correlation across cognitive control tasks, leading to questions about the utility of these tasks and the existence of task-general control. The current study sought to test whether these validity concerns may center on the stimulus-driven nature of congruency effects, rather than the tasks themselves. To overcome this obstacle, we varied task incentives while holding stimulus features constant. We show both theoretically and empirically that the effects of incentives on control allocation correlate across tasks. Together, findings support task-general control processes that operate across different contexts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cognitive Neuroscience; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Computational Modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bd3x7n7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Ziwei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Xiamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amitai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shenhav", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49236/galley/37197/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49236/galley/38742/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49986, "title": "Increasing effective charitable giving with personalized LLM conversations", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Despite substantial charitable giving, donations often fail to maximize impact. While a variety of persuasive strategies can increase donations to effective charities, their success depends on individual differences. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a powerful solution to this problem by dynamically personalizing persuasive strategies. In a pre-registered experiment (N=1952), we tested whether personalized LLM conversations could increase donations to the Against Malaria Foundation (AMF), rated one of the world's most effective charities. Participants allocated $1 between their favorite charity and AMF after being assigned to either: (1) a personalized persuasive LLM conversation, (2) a static LLM-generated persuasive message, and (3) a control conversation. Personalized LLM conversations significantly increased donations to AMF by 46.6%, outperforming the static message (28.7% increase). Personalized LLMs also shifted moral attitudes about charitable giving. Our findings highlight the potential of AI-driven personalization to enhance effective giving and provide new insights into the psychology of charitable persuasion.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Behavioral Science; Decision making; Human-computer interaction; Social cognition; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36r0h3mv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "White", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Carter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Allen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lucius", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Caviola", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oxford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Costello", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "American University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rand", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49986/galley/37948/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50338, "title": "Individual differences in animacy cognition are reliable and externally valid", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Animacy is a fundamental yet difficult to define notion in cognitive science. For example, people judging whether words refer to entities that are alive are faster and more accurate for animals (e.g., tiger) than plants (e.g., petunia) and slower and less accurate for natural abiotic entities than artifacts (e.g., cave and ocean vs. slipper and bicycle). The current study demonstrates the reliability and validity of individuals' aliveness judgments. 169 English-speaking Americans completed the aliveness study twice. Individual d-scores representing the difference in aliveness judgments between animals and plants at Session 1 predicted d-scores at Session 2 (r = .87, p < .001), as did d-scores representing the difference between natural abiotic entities and artifacts (r = .84, p < .001). These measures also predicted attitudes such as humans having the right to extract natural resources. Future research must address how differences in environment/culture contribute to differences in animacy cognition.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language and thought; Semantics of language" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jk5d0hm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Lilia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rissman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Rochester Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Qiawen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50338/galley/38300/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49354, "title": "Individual differences in encoding style moderate framing effects on risk-taking", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Risk attitudes determine how decision-makers resolve tradeoffs when decisions involve uncertainty. The framing of a decision problem can affect these attitudes. Regulatory focus theory holds that (promotion-focused) frames that emphasize acquiring gains induce higher risk-taking than (prevention-focused) frames that emphasize avoiding losses. Here, we examine how this framing effect is moderated by individual differences in the internality of encoding style—the readiness to construe stimuli in terms of expectancies and pre-existing categories. In two experiments, participants could obtain costly information to aid their focal decision; thus, a risky choice corresponded to obtaining little or no information. Payoffs were framed to emphasize either gaining a bonus or retaining an endowed budget. The results of both experiments suggested that individuals with a more internal encoding style were more likely to be affected by the payoff framing. These results suggest that framings' effectiveness on risk-taking depends on individual differences in cognitive processing style.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fh7n5rk", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Michalis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mamakos", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Galen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bodenhausen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Northwestern University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49354/galley/37315/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49227, "title": "Individual differences in habituation predict dishabituation magnitude in adults and infants", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "From infancy to adulthood, habituation and dishabituation enable learners to filter out repetitive information and orient to novel information. Because variability in these processes has been linked to differences in later cognitive outcomes, studying individual differences in habituation and dishabituation is crucial for building a more comprehensive model of early learning. Here, we leveraged large-scale datasets spanning infants, preschoolers, and adults to examine how individual differences in habituation predict dishabituation magnitude. We found that faster habituation and higher volatility predicted stronger dishabituation. Moreover, we showed that different measures of dishabituation sometimes yielded divergent patterns, suggesting that measurement choices can influence observed effects and should be carefully considered in developmental research. These findings reveal how endogenous factors are meaningful drivers of looking behaviors. Overall, our results underscore the need for large-scale data approaches to studying visual attention across the lifespan.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Development; Learning; Big data" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p29h5gj", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Anjie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Qiong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Frank", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Stanford University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shari", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Johns Hopkins University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49227/galley/37188/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49227/galley/38733/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49368, "title": "Individual differences in the delay effect across scales", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "For more than two decades, researchers have been trying to\nexplain the source of the processing cost of scalar implicature\n(SI). Although the computation of some SIs is associated\nwith longer processing time (known as the delay effect),\nother SIs are processed cost-free. In this study, we investigated\nhow individual differences in the rate of SI derivation\nmodulate the delay effect across different scales. We reanalyzed\nfour datasets from two SI verification task studies,\nwhich examined various scales. In these experiments, participants\njudged SI-triggering sentences as either true (literal\nreading) or false (SI reading). We fit a computational model to\nquantify the by-subject probability of computing SIs. Across\ndatasets, we found that subjects who prefer the literal reading\nof the SI-triggering sentence were faster to respond true than\nfalse. However, the reading preferences modulate the verification\nspeed differently for different scales. This suggests that\nthe source of the delay effect might vary between scales.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language Comprehension; Language understanding; Pragmatics; Semantics of language; Computational Modeling; Mathematical modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s40f8sn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Sonia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramotowska", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Amsterdam", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49368/galley/37330/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50233, "title": "Individual Differences in the Functional Role of Arousal Synchrony on Empathy", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Previous work has shown that people's arousal states become synchronized during natural communication. The present study examined the functional role of such synchrony. We recorded 10 personal stories, half happy, half sad, from a set of storytellers while continuously measuring electrodermal activity (EDA). A separate set of participants listened to the recordings while EDA was measured, and they completed a state-empathy questionnaire following each story. We predicted listeners would empathize more with storytellers when EDA synchrony was higher. Results revealed that synchrony did modulate empathy, but this depended on the valence of the story and the trait empathy level of the listener. Among people with low trait empathy, as synchrony increased, so did state empathy. Among people with high trait empathy, this correlation was negative. These relationships obtained only for sad stories. The findings point to intriguing individual differences in the functional role of arousal synchrony on empathy.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Embodied Cognition; Empathy; Language understanding" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bq400mq", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Connor", "middle_name": "William Gaston", "last_name": "Smith", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Purchase College, SUNY", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Darcy", "middle_name": "Oliver", "last_name": "Culliton", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "SUNY Purchase", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Alexia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Toskos Dils", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Purchase College, SUNY", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50233/galley/38195/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49665, "title": "Individual Differences in the Tendency to Use Multiword Information in Natural and Artificial Languages", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Work in the last decades showed that learning from multiword units is often beneficial for language learning, impacting mastery of arbitrary linguistic relations and predicting efficient language processing. Much of this work has looked at differences between first (L1) and second language (L2) learning, documenting differences in how children and adults approach language learning, with only a few studies looking at individual differences in reliance on multiword units. Here, we ask whether adults differ in their tendency to draw on multiword units when learning a new language, and if so, whether such differences are related to learning outcomes and to language processing. We used an artificial language with grammatical gender to measure participants' tendency to treat article-noun sequences as one unit during language learning, and a multiword recall task to measure their tendency to benefit from multiword units in their native language (L1). Our findings show that individuals differ in their tendency to chunk information into multiword units when learning an artificial language, with most participants falling into one of two distinct groups, showing a steady pattern of preferences to treat article-noun sequences as either one or more than one unit throughout the task. This tendency was found to be numerically, albeit not significantly, related to how much individuals benefit from multiword information in their L1. These findings document a novel dimension of individual differences – the tendency of a learner to rely on multiword units, which may be related to different aspects of language learning and processing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Language acquisition; Learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9np2w08x", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Dan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steinhof", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Noam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Siegelman", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Inbal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arnon", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hebrew University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49665/galley/37627/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49363, "title": "Industry Influencing Collective Scientific Reasoning: A Bayesian, Agent-based Exploration", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent work in Bayesian, agent-based modelling of scientific communities has employed the Bala-Goyal framework to study the mechanisms involved when industry influence applies the so-called 'Tobacco Strategy' to undermine collective inquiry. Motivated by limitations of these models, we propose an alternative based on a recently introduced framework for normative argument exchange across networks. We implement representations of two distinct types of industry influence: `Obfuscating' influence directs inquiry to experiments with low expected value of information. `Misleading' influence filters private research and only communicates misleading signals from the world. We explored the impacts of both strategies on the polarization \\& mean error of, and flow of information through, social networks of scientists via computer simulations. We conclude that even against highly optimistic background assumptions, and in a less simplified model of inquiry and argumentation, industry influence poses a plausible threat to collective deliberation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Causal reasoning; Agent-based Modeling; Bayesian modeling" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06t6b7v0", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Klee", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schöppl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Groningen", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49363/galley/37324/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49937, "title": "Infants and Toddlers Expect Others Will Shun the Previously Excluded and Instead Approach the Previously Included", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Navigating social affiliation adaptively is a critical task of human life. If parsing the social world into affiliative groups forms a core, generative mechanism of the evolved human mind, even infants may differentiate between minimal depictions of inclusion and exclusion. Furthermore, whether groups include or exclude others may cue their individual value as social partners. If so, infants may expect third-party observers to continue avoiding those others exclude and prefer those they include, further perpetuating discrimination of the already marginalized. Here, we show that 10-18 m.o. infants (n=96) look longer when a neutral observer approaches a novel agent whom an abstract group previously excluded, rather than included, in an animated violation-of-expectation paradigm. We found no effect of participant age. Movements were identical across scenarios, differing only in a delay between the excluded agent and the group. These findings indicate that even infants infer that observed exclusion versus inclusion will generalize to other interactions with new social partners.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Development; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05f1k5q9", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Bjørn", "middle_name": "Dahl", "last_name": "Kristensen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Fonn", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Joakim", "middle_name": "Haugane", "last_name": "Zahl", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Department of Psychology", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lotte", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thomsen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Oslo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49937/galley/37899/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49811, "title": "Infants' Expectations About the Kinds of Distal Effects Communicative Actions Can Induce", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "revious studies investigated infants' ability to recognize turn-taking exchanges of signals that can serve communicative information transfer and draw pragmatic inferences from them. Here we investigate 13-month-olds' expectations about the distal effects of communicative versus non-communicative actions and explore their understanding of the epistemic causal mechanisms through which communicative signals modify their addressees' consequent intentional actions. In four looking time experiments (Ntotal = 80), we found that infants understand that communicative signals cannot bring about non-intentional state changes in other entities and expect their distal effects to be limited to inducing intentional behavioral reactions in recipient agents. These results indicate that human infants possess cognitive mechanisms to understand the unique causal affordances of ostensive communicative actions. Coupled with their evolved pragmatic inferential capacities and communicative mindreading skills, these abilities form a specialized cognitive system for interpreting ostensive communicative information exchange between communicating social partners.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Pragmatics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rx114dv", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Tibor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tauzin", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Vienna", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eszter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "KšrtvŽlyesi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Erno", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Teglas", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Gyorgy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gergely", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Central European University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49811/galley/37773/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49311, "title": "Infants' recognition of social conventions", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "From early in life, humans expect members of the same social group to act like one another. What drives this expectation? Across two experiments, we investigated how 8- and 9-month-old infants' (N = 100) expectations about shared behaviors align with accounts based on collective identities, ritualistic actions, or conventions. In Experiment 1, infants inferred that an action would generalize to a new group member only when they had previously seen more than one group member share that action, suggesting that multimember demonstration influences infants' inductive reasoning. In Experiment 2, infants did generalize an action after observing it from just one group member, but only if they had observed that same action shared by two members of another group in a different social context. Together, these findings suggest that infants learn to recognize which actions are socially conventional and then readily generalize these actions even in new social contexts.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Learning; Social cognition; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sj478z4", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Victoria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hennessy", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Spelke", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Harvard University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Lindsey", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Powell", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UCSD", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49311/galley/37272/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49686, "title": "Infants' understanding of rates and probability matching in a foraging task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Cognitive scientists have long debated whether human learners are rational decision-makers. Much work has found that adults and children tend to use probability matching strategies in probability learning tasks despite probability maximizing being the optimal strategy. However, other work provides conflicting findings on what decision-making strategies are used and under what circumstances. Unlike previous studies that employed a typical design with a single individual making decisions (where probability maximizing is the optimal strategy), we investigate decision-making strategies in a group foraging context where probability matching is the optimal strategy. In the current study, we tested 14- to 20-month-old infants' ability to (1) distinguish rates of reward distribution in a group foraging scenario and (2) their expectations for probability matching based on these rates. Our results are the first to suggest infants are capable of quantitative reasoning involving rates and they form expectations for optimal decision-making strategies based on rate information.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Reasoning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d37s9rh", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Alyson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Fei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, Berkeley", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49686/galley/37648/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50388, "title": "Inferential Language is Limited and Unevenly Distributed in Popular Texts Used For Literacy Tutoring", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Inferencing is essential for reading comprehension and higher-order thinking (Kendeou et al., 2019). Teachers are encouraged to teach students inferential language (Foorman et al., 2016), but the role of connected text itself in scaffolding inferencing remains unclear. In this study, we examined if texts used in a high-impact tutoring program for elementary students vary in inferential language. We identified four categories of inferential language: mental state terms, emotional state terms, metacognitive knowledge, and cognition and active processing. We used an AI-driven text analysis to tally these in the nine most popular text sources. Findings revealed minimal inferential language overall, with significant variation across sources, p < 0.001. As text difficulty increased, mental and emotional state terms (e.g., think, feel, happy) became more common, but academic and metacognitive terms (e.g., realize, reflect, analyze) remained scarce. Results highlight the need for further research on how text complexity influences student outcomes.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Cognitive development; Language Comprehension; Learning; Reading" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f0941hm", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Rose", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Beacham", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ochocki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "L", "last_name": "Miyahara", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nicole", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "McNeil", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Notre Dame", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50388/galley/38350/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49730, "title": "Inferring Traders' Price Expectations from Time Series Data with POMDPs", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Price expectations drive traders' buy, hold, and sell decisions. They are often estimated by surveying investors; however, verbal accounts may differ from latent expectations. In this paper, we propose how to infer traders' price expectations from trading data instead. We assume traders' goal is maximizing final earnings by sequentially buying, holding, or selling shares. Due to sequentiality, trading is represented as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process solved with Deep Reinforcement Learning. This model follows an approximately optimal trading policy with respect to price paths used in training. Meanwhile, we assume traders choose optimal trading actions given their price expectations. Therefore, price paths characterized by trend and volatility parameters are assumed to approximate expectations. We then infer which values of these parameters produce a human-like trading policy. While this approach achieves a good model fit with worst-performing traders in an empirical study, our results are more ambiguous for top traders.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Decision making; Computational Modeling; Quantitative Behavior" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88f6m6cr", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Aini", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Putkonen", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Aalto University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sandra", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Andraszewicz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ETH Zurich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hoelscher", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ETH Zurich", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49730/galley/37692/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49459, "title": "Influence of a Partner's Behavioral Process on the Sense of Joint Agency During Collaborative Task", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We frequently interact with others daily and experience a sense of joint agency—the feeling of performing an action together. Recent studies suggest that this sense of joint agency is influenced by the perceived \"human-likeness\" of partner. This study examined how a partner's behavioral process, specifically adaptation and fluctuation, affects joint agency in a cooperative task mediated by human-likeness. Participants completed a cursor-tracing task simulating collaboration, with cursor movement determined by combining their input with pre-recorded data. In this experiment, adaptation was approximated by preprogrammed changes in the cursor movement. The results revealed that adaptation enhanced joint agency, whereas fluctuation had no significant effect. Human-likeness is thus positively correlated with joint agency. Moreover, individual traits such as extraversion and attachment shaped these perceptions in unexpected ways. Poor task performance increases joint agency. These findings contribute to this field by identifying factors that influence the sense of joint agency.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Human-computer interaction; Interactive behavior; Social cognition; Qualitative Analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92h8t25j", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Megumi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tamura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Naohiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jomura", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Keisuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sato", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Kazuhiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ueda", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The University of Tokyo", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49459/galley/37421/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50351, "title": "Influence of reward on visuomotor adaptation in complex tasks", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Explicit strategies play an important role in visuomotor adaptation, but are subject to substantial capacity limits, calling into question their efficacy in complex settings. For instance, recent work has shown that when task complexity exceeds working memory capacity, observers are no longer able to fully adapt. Here, using a visuomotor rotation task in which participants were tasked with simultaneously adapting to eight target-rotation pairs, we examined the extent to which such capacity constraints may be ameliorated by reward-based feedback. We found that the mere presence of explicit reward did not change participants' behavior – a uniform reward distribution led to a similar pattern of behavior as has been previously reported. However, when a subset of target-rotation pairs was associated with a greater reward magnitude, participants demonstrated enhanced adaptation to them, which improved overall performance. These findings highlight the utility of reinforcement learning for enabling motor learning and adaptation in complex tasks.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Neuroscience; Psychology; Memory; Motor control; Skill acquisition and learning" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6410p0n3", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vikranth Rao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bejjanki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Georgia", "middle_name": "E H", "last_name": "Brown", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sophia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Katz", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taylor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50351/galley/38313/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49873, "title": "Influence of Task Complexity on Visuomotor Adaptation", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Recent work has shown that visuomotor adaptation is supported by both implicit recalibration, which appears to be highly constrained, and explicit strategies which seem more flexible and capable of delivering rapid performance gains. However, explicit strategies appear to have strict capacity constraints, bearing remarkable similarity to the limits observed with spatial working memory, which could limit their usefulness in more complex learning problems. Here, we sought¬ to determine the ability of both explicit strategies and implicit recalibration to overcome a complex set of visuomotor perturbations. We find that implicit recalibration is unable to track multiple perturbations, in line with prior findings. In contrast, explicit strategies are effective when task complexity is within the capacity of working memory. These findings highlight the constraints that working memory imposes on visuomotor adaptation and suggest that motor skill learning may be limited by the demands placed on working memory.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Neuroscience; Psychology; Memory; Motor control; Skill acquisition and learning" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t6336d2", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Vikranth Rao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bejjanki", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gaillard", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Maya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taliaferro", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hamilton College", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Taylor", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Princeton University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49873/galley/37835/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50308, "title": "Influences of catastrophic events on ethical judgments: A case from the Great East Japan Earthquake", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "We conducted a survey of over 2000 people before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and obtained valid responses from 840 participants who completed both surveys. Participants responded to two types of trolley problems and answered a series of sociodemographic questions. As in previous studies, more than 80% of participants responded that they would push the switch (utilitarian judgment), and only less than 45% of participants chose the utilitarian option in the modified version (i.e., pushing to drop the person to stop the trolley). We found that people were slightly less likely to flip the switch after the earthquake than before. In addition, people who believed the world was trustworthy and who had a greater sense of self-control were more likely to flip. The results are discussed in terms of the flexibility and adaptability of external environmental factors and their possible effects on moral judgments.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Emotion; Case studies; Survey" } ], "section": "Member Abstracts with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vx9h99r", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Katsumi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Watanabe", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Waseda University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50308/galley/38270/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49883, "title": "Influences of Language Expressions in Group Decision Making: Exploring Verbal Probability Expressions in Group Discussions with Conversational Agents", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This study examined how verbal probability expressions (VPEs) used in group decision-making discussions influence individuals' decision-making processes. An online experimental task was developed to investigate how biased decisions emerge depending on the type of expression used during discussions. Scripted conversational agents were employed to experimentally manipulate the VPEs used during group discussions. 440 participants took part in the online experiment, which controlled two factors: (1) the type of VPEs used by group members during discussions and (2) the type of anchoring group decision. The results revealed an interaction between these two factors when participants perceived the agents as human-like. Specifically, confirmation bias occurred more quickly when positive VPEs were used by the agents and the anchoring probability of the group decision was low (20\\%). These findings provide valuable insights into the influence of VPEs on probability decision-making during group discussions, highlighting the advantages of utilizing multiple conversational agents for investigation.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Decision making; Group Behaviour; Human-computer interaction; Interactive behavior; Quantitative Behavior; Statistics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f60j7gn", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yugo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hayashi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ritsumeikan University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shigen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shimojo", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49883/galley/37845/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49120, "title": "Information Theory and Cognitive Science", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "This workshop focuses on information theory and cognition. The goal is to create a multidisciplinary space for discussing the most recent advances at the intersection of information theory and cognitive science and to explore how this emerging research area can help the field advance toward a more comprehensive and principled mathematical theory of human cognition.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Workshop", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c21s7v7", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Noga", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zaslavsky", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "NYU", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Langlois", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "MIT", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nathaniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Imel", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "New York University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Clara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meister", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "ETH ZŸrich", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Eleonora", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gualdoni", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Universitat Pompeu Fabra", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Polani", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Hertfordshire", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49120/galley/37081/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49120/galley/38620/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49120/galley/38623/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49120/galley/38626/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49151, "title": "Initiation Asymmetry in the Ontogenesis of Social Routines: In Conversation, Caregivers Scaffold 1-Year Olds to Respond, but 2-year Olds Initiate", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Social routine words — e.g. yes, no, hi, bye, okay, and thank you — are among the first words children learn across different languages and they help constitute a foundational set of actions for conducting social interactions. Despite this, we know little about how these words are acquired. In this paper we begin by showing that social routine words are systematically acquired earlier than statistical models of word acquisition predict. Furthermore, we argue this gap is due to a selective focus of word learning science on reference — how words are mapped onto concepts and events — a relationship which is absent for social routine words. Rather than looking at the properties of words per se, we address this gap by instead looking at how children become conversational partners. Enroute to becoming a conversational partner, a child must orient themselves to others' expectations about the position & composition of their turns relative to their social partner's. We hypothesize that second pair parts (turns which respond, e.g. agreeing, acknowledging, reciprocating a greeting, etc.) afford more scaffolding from caregivers than first pair parts, and therefore words used to compose such responses are more learnable. To support this hypothesis, we sampled 1,442 conversational turns from 5 mother-child dyads (12mo-28mo) and manually labeled the position of these turns within adjacency pairs. We found that 12-month-old's talk is made mainly in response to caregivers who initiate adjacency pairs, but this initiation asymmetry in conversation disappears by 28-months. Because social routine words either stereotypically or frequently are used to compose second position turns, this pattern of initiation asymmetry could explain their early acquisition. More generally, our observation likely reflects a transition from scaffolding to children's active learning.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [], "section": "Papers with Oral Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58z60167", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Terwilliger", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Federico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rossano", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of California, San Diego", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49151/galley/37112/download/" }, { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49151/galley/38657/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 50065, "title": "Institutional preferences in the laboratory", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Designing effective social and policy systems is a vital and forbidding challenge made more difficult because, in real-world settings, individuals don't just passively accept the static environments imposed upon them: they act both within and upon the social systems that structure their interactions. Should we expect player-driven changes to the \"rules of the game\" to benefit cooperation, as agents tweak their environment toward non-zero-sum games — or hinder it because of the challenges of constant change? We introduce a laboratory setting to test whether groups can guide themselves to cooperative outcomes by manipulating the strategic environment that structures their interactions. By offering players \"first-order\" choices within an economic game (agency over behavior) along with \"second-order\" choices between games (agency over the rules of the game), we understand emergent cooperation in naturalistic settings in which the rules of the game are themselves dynamic and subject to choice.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Behavioral Science; Complex systems; Decision making; Learning; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Abstracts with Poster Presentation (accepted as Abstracts)", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h39r0th", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Qiankun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhong", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Max Planck Institute for Human Development", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Seth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frey", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "UC Davis", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Nori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jacoby", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Cornell University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ofer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tchernichovski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Hunter College", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/50065/galley/38027/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49526, "title": "Instruction tuning modulates discourse biases in language models", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Instruction tuning (IT) has been a fruitful technique for aligning Large Language Models with human preferences. However, the linguistic implications of IT remain unclear. In two experiments on coreference and coherence biases in the context of Implicit Causality, we investigate how IT modulates these discourse biases in relation to model size. Our results show that IT interacts with model size -- instruction-tuned models display enhanced coherence biases and more human-like coreference patterns, sometimes exceeding human performance. However, this effect appears size-dependent, suggesting that IT causes some linguistic patterns to emerge that are dormant in the respective foundation models.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Discourse; Language Production; Pragmatics" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g02g0g8", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Florian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kankowski", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bielefeld University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Torgrim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Solstad", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bielefeld University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Sina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zarrie§", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Bielefeld", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bott", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Bielefeld University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49526/galley/37488/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49770, "title": "Integrating Specialist Judgments With and Without Mentalizing", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "In daily life, we frequently interact with specialists—individuals whose complementary insights augment our limited first-hand experiences in decision-making. Efficient as this may be, the cognitive demands of employing our theory of mind to determine and integrate the evidential contributions of diverse specialists may offset its benefits. In this study, we explore human judgments in a scenario where they must aggregate opinions from multiple social peers, each possessing expertise in a different aspect of the problem. We examine whether participants integrate specialist judgments with or without mentalizing using a normative Bayesian model and propose two heuristic approaches. Our results show the majority of participants across two experiments relied on heuristics, suggesting that people don't tend to or have limited ability to integrate specialist judgments through mentalizing.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Psychology; Causal reasoning; Group Behaviour; Social cognition; Bayesian modeling; Computational Modeling; Computer-based experiment" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dw357rd", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Danqin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Neil", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Bramley", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Edinburgh", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49770/galley/37732/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49411, "title": "Integrating talker and message in language processing: the influence of speaker gender on sentence prediction in Mandarin Chinese", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Spoken sentence processing often requires integrating the linguistic message with information about the talker and the social context. Among other things, information about the talker's gender identity could influence how a listener processes what they hear, due to the prevalence of gender-related stereotypes in human societies. Several previous studies showed that listeners anticipated stereotype-consistent content, and that comprehension was affected when gender stereotypes were violated (e.g., when women serve in conventionally male-dominant professions, or vice versa). However, the existing findings are rather mixed. In this study, we examine the influence of talker gender information on language comprehension and prediction in Mandarin Chinese. We report the results of a cloze task where participants were asked to guess the last word of a sentence with or without information about talker gender. When talker gender information was available, we further varied whether gender information was revealed by personal names or voices. Participant responses were evaluated for gender bias by two pre-trained language models based on Word2Vec and GPT2. Results of statistical analysis revealed that participants adjusted their responses to align with the gender category cued by the sentence (i.e., more male/female-biased responses when the sentences implicated a male/female talker), but the effect was only present when gender information was implicated through names but not voices. The current study provides partial evidence for the effect of talker gender on sentence prediction. We discuss the implications of current findings for further study of the integration of linguistic and social information in language comprehension.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive Humanities; Language Production; Social cognition" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61p0h36w", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Yun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feng", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yao", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Ming", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "University of Chicago", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49411/galley/37373/download/" } ] }, { "pk": 49540, "title": "Integrating Textual and Emotional Dynamics for Accurate Detection of Mental Health Disorders in Social Media", "subtitle": null, "abstract": "Mental health disorders impact nearly one billion people worldwide, yet stigma and insufficient awareness often prevent individuals from seeking timely professional help. The proliferation of social media platforms has introduced new opportunities for detection of mental health conditions, enabling the analysis of user-generated content to identify whether one has a mental disorder. Traditional approaches to this task have largely relied on content-based models, such as n-grams or language embeddings, which are prone to domain-specific biases and often fail to account for the emotional dynamics inherent in mental health expressions. In this work, we propose a novel framework for detecting mental disorders through the analysis of Reddit conversations, integrating both temporal textual data and emotional cues. Our model addresses the limitations of prior methods by explicitly capturing the evolving relationship between textual content and emotional expression over time. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in detection accuracy compared to existing approaches, while ablation studies highlight the critical role of temporal emotional information in enhancing performance. These findings suggest that a more nuanced, emotion-aware approach offers substantial promise for advancing computational mental health diagnostics.", "language": "eng", "license": { "name": "", "short_name": "", "text": null, "url": "" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Artificial Intelligence; Psychology; Emotion; Emotion Disorder; Language understanding; Natural Language Processing; Computational Modeling; Neural Networks; Social media analysis" } ], "section": "Papers with Poster Presentation", "is_remote": true, "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f6562pc", "frozenauthors": [ { "first_name": "Jiajun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zou", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhixiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Qi", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Jinshuai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Zhechen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wei", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Congqi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Shizhong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Minghu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" }, { "first_name": "Yongfeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "name_suffix": "", "institution": "Tsinghua University", "department": "" } ], "date_submitted": null, "date_accepted": null, "date_published": "2025-01-01T23:30:00+05:30", "render_galley": null, "galleys": [ { "label": "PDF", "type": "pdf", "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/49540/galley/37502/download/" } ] } ] }